A design method of ternary mixed insulation gas based on synergistic effect

Abstract

A ternary mixed insulating gas design method based on synergistic effects relates to the field of electrical insulation medium technology. This invention aims to address the problem that existing insulating gas design methods cannot simultaneously consider the operational safety and service life of electrical equipment. The invention includes: constructing the interaction configurations of existing insulating gas molecules A and typical electronegative gas molecules in a 1:1 ratio in electrical equipment, and obtaining the dipole moment of each interaction configuration; using the dipole moment of each interaction configuration to determine the type of electronegative gas; obtaining the ratio of insulating gas molecules A to electronegative gas molecules B using the average interaction energy under the multi-binding-number configuration of gas molecules A and B; obtaining buffer gas molecules C using insulating gas molecules A and electronegative gas molecules B, and determining the proportion of buffer gas C according to the operating conditions of the electrical equipment. This invention is used to design the composition and proportion of insulating gases in electrical equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical insulation medium technology, and in particular to a design method for ternary hybrid insulating gases based on synergistic effects. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, due to the advantages of small volume, light weight, and convenient transportation, gas insulation is widely used in high-voltage electrical equipment. Insulating gases are self-healing, not prone to aging, making the equipment safer, more reliable, longer-lasting, and requiring less maintenance. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is one such gas insulation gas. Due to its excellent electrical properties and chemical stability, it is widely used, accounting for over 80% of the global market. The output is used in the power industry. However, It is a strong greenhouse gas with a global warming potential (GWP) of approximately [missing value]. It is 24,300 times larger than [the known quantity] and difficult to decompose. Its long-term presence in the atmosphere will cause serious environmental damage. Furthermore, it can cause problems when partial discharge or overheating occurs inside electrical equipment. The equipment may decompose due to the influence of internal moisture, low oxygen levels, and organic insulating materials, releasing highly corrosive substances. and These byproducts can corrode organic materials in equipment, causing damage to electrical equipment and potentially leading to power accidents. Simultaneously, with rapid economic development, the power industry's requirements for power supply reliability and green transformation are constantly increasing. The international community has also imposed strict limits on greenhouse gas emissions, and my country has proposed a "dual carbon" target. This strategic goal requires the power industry to adjust its overall framework, applying low-carbon and environmentally friendly concepts to high-voltage electrical equipment. Therefore, finding a substitute... Finding insulating gases to extend the lifespan of electrical equipment while reducing environmental pollution has become a critical issue that the power industry urgently needs to address.

[0003] Currently, research in this field mainly focuses on using binary gas mixtures instead of... As an insulating gas for electrical equipment, a binary gas mixture is a mixture of a primary insulating gas and a buffer gas, for example... and Currently, the composition and proportion of binary gas mixtures are mainly adjusted through partial pressure using a "synergistic effect" to ensure that the breakdown voltage of the mixture is greater than the breakdown voltage that is linearly superimposed according to the component proportions. However, this method cannot achieve the same level of performance as... With the same insulation performance, poor insulation can threaten the safe operation of electrical equipment. Improving the insulation performance of binary gas mixtures requires improving the sealing performance of the electrical equipment; however, this increases production costs and shortens the lifespan of the equipment. Therefore, current insulating gases cannot simultaneously guarantee both the operational safety and lifespan of electrical equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the problem that existing insulating gas design methods cannot simultaneously ensure the operational safety and service life of electrical equipment, and proposes a ternary hybrid insulating gas design method based on synergistic effects.

[0005] A design method for ternary hybrid insulating gases based on synergistic effects is as follows:

[0006] Step 1: Construct the interaction configurations of existing insulating gas molecules A and typical electronegative gas molecules in electrical equipment at a 1:1 ratio, and obtain the dipole moment of each interaction configuration. Use the dipole moment of each interaction configuration to determine the type of electronegative gas.

[0007] Step 2: Obtain the average interaction energy of insulating gas molecule A and electronegative gas molecule B under the multiple binding number configuration, and use the average interaction energy of gas molecule A and electronegative gas molecule B under the multiple binding number configuration to obtain the ratio of insulating gas molecule A to electronegative gas molecule B.

[0008] Step 3: Obtain buffer gas molecule C using insulating gas molecule A and electronegative gas molecule B. Based on the operating temperature requirements of the electrical equipment and the ratio of insulating gas molecule A to electronegative gas molecule B, determine the proportion of buffer gas molecule C. Finally, obtain the ratio of insulating gas molecule A, electronegative gas molecule B, and buffer gas molecule C in the ternary gas mixture.

[0009] Further, in step one, the interaction configurations of existing insulating gas molecules A and typical electronegative gas molecules in the electrical equipment are constructed at a 1:1 ratio, and the dipole moment of each interaction configuration is obtained. The type of electronegative gas is determined using the dipole moment of each interaction configuration. Specifically:

[0010] Step 1: Construct the interaction configurations of insulating gas molecule A with each typical electronegative gas molecule B in a 1:1 ratio;

[0011] The existing insulating gas is ;

[0012] The typical electronegative gases include: , , , and ;

[0013] Steps 1 and 2: Obtain the dipole moment for each interaction configuration. Obtain the interaction configuration corresponding to the maximum dipole moment. ,Will The corresponding electronegative gas is used as the second primary insulating gas;

[0014] in, These are the interaction configuration designations.

[0015] Further, in step two, obtaining the average interaction energy of insulating gas molecule A and electronegative gas molecule B under the multiple binding number configuration, and using the average interaction energy of gas molecule A and electronegative gas molecule B under the multiple binding number configuration to obtain the ratio of insulating gas molecule A to electronegative gas molecule B, specifically involves:

[0016] Step Two: 1. Obtain the set of configurations for multiple binding number interactions between insulating gas molecule A and electronegative gas molecule B, and... Determined from the corresponding set of most interaction configurations The corresponding optimal interaction configuration is obtained, thereby acquiring the interaction energy of the optimal interaction configuration;

[0017] Step 22: Obtain the average interaction energy using the interaction energy of the optimal interaction configuration;

[0018] Steps 2 and 3: Obtain the ratio of insulating gas molecule A to electronegative gas molecule B corresponding to the lowest average interaction energy. .

[0019] Furthermore, in Determined from the corresponding set of most interaction configurations The corresponding optimal interaction configuration is achieved using the Boltzmann distribution.

[0020] Furthermore, the interaction energy of the optimal interaction configuration is specifically:

[0021]

[0022] in, yes The interaction energy of the corresponding optimal interaction configuration. yes The corresponding optimal interaction configuration corresponds to the total energy of the complex. It is the number of molecules of insulating gas A. It is the total energy of insulating gas A. It is the number of molecules of electronegative gas B. It is the total energy of electronegative gas B. It is the basis set overlap error. It is an integer.

[0023] Furthermore, the step 22, which utilizes the interaction energy of the optimal interaction configuration to obtain the average interaction energy, specifically involves:

[0024]

[0025] in, It is the average interaction energy.

[0026] Furthermore, in step three, buffer gas molecules C are obtained using insulating gas molecules A and electronegative gas molecules B. The proportion of buffer gas C is determined based on the operating temperature requirements of the electrical equipment and the ratio of insulating gas molecules A to electronegative gas molecules B. Finally, the ratio of insulating gas molecules A, electronegative gas molecules B, and buffer gas molecules C in the ternary gas mixture is obtained, specifically as follows:

[0027] Step 3: Obtain the interaction configurations of insulating gas molecule A and buffer gas molecule C in a 1:1 ratio, and obtain the dipole moment of each interaction configuration. Obtain the interaction configurations of electronegative gas molecule B and buffer gas molecules in a 1:1 ratio, and obtain the dipole moment of each interaction configuration. ,use , Obtain the average dipole moment, and then obtain the buffer gas in the interaction configuration corresponding to the maximum value of the average dipole moment;

[0028] Step 3.2: Optimize the proportion of buffer gas molecule C by using the ratio of insulating gas molecule A to electronegative gas molecule B and the operating temperature requirements of electrical equipment, and finally obtain the ratio of insulating gas molecule A, electronegative gas molecule B and buffer gas molecule C in the ternary gas mixture.

[0029] Furthermore, the utilization in step three-one , To obtain the average dipole moment, specifically:

[0030]

[0031] in, It is the average dipole moment.

[0032] Furthermore, in step three-two, optimizing the proportion of buffer gas molecules C by utilizing the ratio of insulating gas molecules A to electronegative gas molecules B and the operating temperature requirements of the electrical equipment specifically involves:

[0033] Step 321: Obtain the Antoine constants for insulating gases, electronegative gases, and buffer gases. , and ;

[0034] Step 322: Antoine's constant , , The ratio of insulating gas molecules A to electronegative gas molecules B, and the preset liquefaction temperature. Substituting into the formula for the ratio of ternary gas mixtures and liquefaction temperature, the mole fraction of insulating gas molecules A in the gas phase is used. mole fraction of electronegative gas molecules B in the gas phase As the iterative variable, the output is when the formula for the ratio of the ternary gas mixture and the liquefaction temperature holds true. , Thus, the proportion of C in the buffer gas molecules can be obtained. .

[0035] Furthermore, the formula for the ratio of the ternary mixed gas and the liquefaction temperature in step three-two-two is as follows:

[0036]

[0037] in, It is the preset liquefaction temperature. , and Antoine constants for A, B, and C respectively. It is the saturated vapor pressure of a ternary gas mixture.

[0038] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0039] This invention provides a design method for a ternary mixed insulating gas based on synergistic effects. Taking a commonly used insulating gas in electrical equipment as object A, firstly, by comparing the dipole moment values ​​of the interaction configurations of typical electronegative gas molecules with gas A, gas B with good coordination characteristics of gas A is obtained. Gases A and B are used together as the main insulating gas, and the stable interaction configuration combination ratio is the ratio of the two gases. Subsequently, the same method is used to construct the interaction configurations of buffer gas with the molecules of gases A and B respectively. By comparing the weighted values ​​of the dipole moments of the interaction configurations, a suitable buffer gas C is selected. Finally, the ratio of the ternary mixed gas is determined according to the operating conditions of the electrical equipment. This invention designs a ternary mixed gas based on the operating environment of electrical equipment, making the composition of the mixed gas more suitable for the operation of electrical equipment. At the same time, the ternary mixed gas designed in this invention can achieve the same insulation performance as SF6, and the designed ternary mixed gas can reduce corrosion of electrical equipment and is easier to decompose. While reducing environmental pollution, it can also take into account the operational safety and service life of electrical equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 for and In a 1:1 ratio interaction configuration;

[0042] Figure 3 for and In a 1:1 ratio interaction configuration;

[0043] Figure 4 for and In a 1:1 ratio interaction configuration;

[0044] Figure 5 for respectively with , , Relative to pure at different mixing ratios The insulation strength curve. Detailed Implementation

[0045] Specific implementation method one: as follows Figure 1 As shown, the specific process of a ternary hybrid insulating gas design method based on synergistic effect in this embodiment is as follows:

[0046] Step 1: Construct the interaction configurations of existing insulating gas molecules A and typical electronegative gas molecules in an electrical device at a 1:1 ratio, and obtain the dipole moment of each interaction configuration. Use the dipole moment of each interaction configuration to determine the type of electronegative gas. Specifically:

[0047] Step 1: Use Gaussian View to construct the interaction configurations of insulating gas molecule A with each typical electronegative gas molecule B in a 1:1 ratio;

[0048] The existing insulating gas is ;

[0049] The typical electronegative gases include: , , , and All steps in this paper use Gaussian 16 for geometry optimization under the M06-2X functional and the 6-311G+(d, p) basis set.

[0050] Steps 1 and 2: Obtain the dipole moment for each interaction configuration. Obtain the interaction configuration corresponding to the maximum dipole moment. ,Will The corresponding electronegative gas is used as the second primary insulating gas.

[0051] Step 2: Obtain the average interaction energy between insulating gas molecule A and electronegative gas molecule B in the multiple binding number configuration. Use this average interaction energy to determine the ratio of insulating gas molecule A to electronegative gas molecule B. Specifically:

[0052] Step Two: 1. Obtain the set of configurations of multiple binding number interactions between insulating gas molecule A and electronegative gas molecule B, and use Boltzmann distribution to... Determined from the corresponding set of most interaction configurations The corresponding optimal interaction configuration is obtained, thus yielding the interaction energy of the optimal interaction configuration:

[0053]

[0054] in, yes The interaction energy of the corresponding optimal interaction configuration. yes The corresponding optimal interaction configuration corresponds to the total energy of the complex. It is the number of molecules of insulating gas A. It is the total energy of insulating gas A. It is the number of molecules of electronegative gas B. It is the total energy of electronegative gas B. It is the basis set overlap error. It is a preset integer;

[0055] The optimal interaction configuration in this step refers to the interaction configuration that has the highest proportion in the set of interaction configurations.

[0056] Step 22: Obtain the average interaction energy using the interaction energy of the optimal interaction configuration, specifically as follows:

[0057]

[0058] in, It is the average interaction energy;

[0059] Steps 2 and 3: Obtain the ratio of insulating gas molecule A to electronegative gas molecule B corresponding to the lowest average interaction energy. .

[0060] Step 3: Obtain buffer gas molecule C using insulating gas molecule A and electronegative gas molecule B, and determine the proportion of buffer gas molecule C based on the operating conditions of the electrical equipment. Finally, obtain the ratio of insulating gas molecule A, electronegative gas molecule B, and buffer gas molecule C in the ternary gas mixture, specifically:

[0061] Step 3: Obtain the interaction configurations of insulating gas molecule A and buffer gas molecule C in a 1:1 ratio, and obtain the dipole moment of each interaction configuration. Obtain the interaction configurations of electronegative gas molecule B and buffer gas molecules in a 1:1 ratio, and obtain the dipole moment of each interaction configuration. ,use , Obtain the average dipole moment, and obtain the buffer gas in the interaction configuration corresponding to the maximum value of the average dipole moment;

[0062] use , To obtain the average dipole moment, specifically:

[0063]

[0064] in, It is the average dipole moment;

[0065] The buffer gas includes: , , ;

[0066] Step 3.2: Optimize the proportion of buffer gas molecules C by utilizing the ratio of insulating gas molecules A to electronegative gas molecules B and the operating temperature requirements of the electrical equipment. The final ratio of insulating gas molecules A, electronegative gas molecules B, and buffer gas molecules C in the ternary gas mixture is as follows:

[0067] Step 321: Obtain the Antoine constants for insulating gases, electronegative gases, and buffer gases. , and ;

[0068] Step 322: Antoine's constant , , The ratio of insulating gas molecules A to electronegative gas molecules B, and the preset liquefaction temperature. Substituting into the formula for the ratio of ternary gas mixtures and liquefaction temperature, the mole fraction of insulating gas molecules A in the gas phase is used. mole fraction of electronegative gas molecules B in the gas phase As the iterative variable, the output is when the formula for the ratio of the ternary gas mixture and the liquefaction temperature holds true. , Thus, the proportion of C in the buffer gas molecules can be obtained. ;

[0069] The liquefaction temperature of the gas mixture is adjusted by changing the proportion of the buffer gas. The saturated vapor pressure of the mixture is calculated based on the Antoine equation and Raoult's law, and the liquefaction temperature is then determined. The Antoine equation can only be used to calculate the saturated vapor pressure of a single gas, as shown in the following formula:

[0070] (1)

[0071] For ternary gas mixtures, calculations need to be performed using the fundamental laws of vapor-liquid equilibrium. The following formula is used to calculate the saturated vapor pressure characteristics of ternary gas mixtures:

[0072] (2)

[0073] (3)

[0074] (4)

[0075] (5)

[0076] (6)

[0077] (7)

[0078] In the formula Let A, B, and C be their respective saturated vapor pressures. , and Let A, B, and C be the Antoine constants, respectively, and T be the liquefaction temperature of the ternary gas mixture. It represents the mole fractions of A in the liquid and gas phases at gas-liquid equilibrium. It is the mole fraction of liquid and gas phases of B at gas-liquid equilibrium, and P is the saturated vapor pressure of the ternary gas mixture.

[0079] From equations (2) to (7), we can derive the formulas for the ratio of ternary mixed gases and the liquefaction temperature:

[0080] (8)

[0081] in, It is the preset liquefaction temperature;

[0082] Step 3: Using the final percentage of gas C and the ratio of gas A to gas B, obtain the ratio of insulating gas molecule A, electronegative gas molecule B, and buffer gas molecule C in the ternary gas mixture.

[0083] Example: To verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, the following experiments were conducted in this example:

[0084] S1: Gas currently used in electrical equipment With insulating gas , , For example, construct respectively Molecules and , , The interaction configuration of molecules in a 1:1 ratio. respectively with , , Relative to pure at different mixing ratios The insulation strength comparison diagram is as follows Figure 5 As shown.

[0085] S2: Calculation The molecules respectively with , , The dipole moments of the interaction configurations of molecules at a 1:1 binding ratio are shown in Table 1, and the specific configurations are as follows: Figures 2-4 As shown, select The SO2 corresponding to the interaction configuration with the largest value is the second primary insulating gas.

[0086] Table 1 respectively with , , μ in the interaction configuration under 1:1 bonding

[0087]

[0088] S3: Through calculation Molecules and ΔE under multiple binding number configuration of molecules avg ,turn out , In a 1:1 combination ratio The absolute value is the largest, therefore , The ratio K = 1:1.

[0089] S4: Select a commonly used buffer gas , , Molecules, and , Molecules were constructed in a 1:1 ratio to define their interaction configurations and weighted averages were calculated. The values ​​and calculation results are shown in Table 2, with weighted comparisons. Select after value size The maximum time corresponding It is a buffer gas.

[0090] Table 2 , respectively with , , Weighted average of interaction configurations under 1:1 bonding value

[0091]

[0092] S5: Electrical equipment typically operates at 3 to 7 atmospheres of pressure. This embodiment selects 3 atmospheres for calculation, requiring the liquefaction temperature to be no higher than -30°C. Calculations were performed at 3 atmospheres... , , At a mixing ratio of 1:1:8, the liquefaction temperature is -30℃.

[0093] This invention adds a second primary insulating gas to a binary mixed insulating gas, utilizing the synergistic effect between the two insulating gases to significantly improve the insulation strength of the mixed gas, thus achieving the design of a ternary high-insulation-strength mixed gas. This invention is beneficial for reducing... The use of this technology is of great significance in promoting the decarbonization of electrical equipment, and this invention can achieve... Its insulation performance improves the safety of electrical equipment operation and avoids shortening the service life of electrical equipment.

Claims

1. A design method for ternary hybrid insulating gases based on synergistic effects, characterized in that... The specific process of the method is as follows: Step 1: Construct the interaction configurations of existing insulating gas molecules A and typical electronegative gas molecules in electrical equipment at a 1:1 ratio, and obtain the dipole moment of each interaction configuration. Use the dipole moment of each interaction configuration to determine the type of electronegative gas. Step 2: Obtain the average interaction energy of insulating gas molecule A and electronegative gas molecule B under the multiple binding number configuration, and use the average interaction energy of gas molecule A and electronegative gas molecule B under the multiple binding number configuration to obtain the ratio of insulating gas molecule A to electronegative gas molecule B. Step 3: Obtain buffer gas molecule C using insulating gas molecule A and electronegative gas molecule B. Based on the operating temperature requirements of the electrical equipment and the ratio of insulating gas molecule A to electronegative gas molecule B, determine the proportion of buffer gas molecule C. Finally, obtain the ratio of insulating gas molecule A, electronegative gas molecule B, and buffer gas molecule C in the ternary gas mixture.

2. The design method for a ternary hybrid insulating gas based on synergistic effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step one involves constructing the interaction configurations of existing insulating gas molecules A and typical electronegative gas molecules in an electrical device at a 1:1 ratio, obtaining the dipole moment of each interaction configuration, and using the dipole moment of each interaction configuration to determine the type of electronegative gas. Specifically: Step 1: Construct the interaction configurations of insulating gas molecule A with each typical electronegative gas molecule B in a 1:1 ratio; The existing insulating gas is ; The typical electronegative gases include: , , , and ; Steps 1 and 2: Obtain the dipole moment for each interaction configuration. Obtain the interaction configuration corresponding to the maximum dipole moment. ,Will The corresponding electronegative gas is used as the second primary insulating gas; in, These are the interaction configuration designations.

3. The ternary hybrid insulating gas design method based on synergistic effect according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step two involves obtaining the average interaction energy between insulating gas molecule A and electronegative gas molecule B in multiple binding number configurations, and using this average interaction energy to determine the ratio of insulating gas molecule A to electronegative gas molecule B. Specifically: Step Two:

1. Obtain the set of configurations for multiple binding number interactions between insulating gas molecule A and electronegative gas molecule B, and... Determined from the corresponding set of most interaction configurations The corresponding optimal interaction configuration is obtained, thereby acquiring the interaction energy of the optimal interaction configuration; Step 22: Obtain the average interaction energy using the interaction energy of the optimal interaction configuration; Steps 2 and 3: Obtain the ratio of insulating gas molecule A to electronegative gas molecule B corresponding to the lowest average interaction energy. .

4. The ternary hybrid insulating gas design method based on synergistic effect according to claim 3, characterized in that: exist Determined from the corresponding set of most interaction configurations The corresponding optimal interaction configuration is achieved using the Boltzmann distribution.

5. The ternary hybrid insulating gas design method based on synergistic effect according to claim 4, characterized in that: The interaction energy of the optimal interaction configuration is as follows: in, yes The interaction energy of the corresponding optimal interaction configuration. yes The corresponding optimal interaction configuration corresponds to the total energy of the complex. It is the number of molecules of insulating gas A. It is the total energy of insulating gas A. It is the number of molecules of electronegative gas B. It is the total energy of electronegative gas B. It is the basis set overlap error. It is an integer.

6. The design method for a ternary hybrid insulating gas based on synergistic effect according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step 22, which involves obtaining the average interaction energy using the interaction energy of the optimal interaction configuration, specifically involves: in, It is the average interaction energy.

7. The ternary hybrid insulating gas design method based on synergistic effect according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step three, buffer gas molecules C are obtained using insulating gas molecules A and electronegative gas molecules B. The proportion of buffer gas C is determined based on the operating temperature requirements of the electrical equipment and the ratio of insulating gas molecules A to electronegative gas molecules B. Finally, the ratio of insulating gas molecules A, electronegative gas molecules B, and buffer gas molecules C in the ternary gas mixture is obtained, specifically as follows: Step 3: Obtain the interaction configurations of insulating gas molecule A and buffer gas molecule C in a 1:1 ratio, and obtain the dipole moment of each interaction configuration. Obtain the interaction configurations of electronegative gas molecule B and buffer gas molecules in a 1:1 ratio, and obtain the dipole moment of each interaction configuration. ,use , Obtain the average dipole moment, and then obtain the buffer gas in the interaction configuration corresponding to the maximum value of the average dipole moment; Step 3.2: Optimize the proportion of buffer gas molecule C by using the ratio of insulating gas molecule A to electronegative gas molecule B and the operating temperature requirements of electrical equipment, and finally obtain the ratio of insulating gas molecule A, electronegative gas molecule B and buffer gas molecule C in the ternary gas mixture.

8. The ternary hybrid insulating gas design method based on synergistic effect according to claim 7, characterized in that: The utilization in step three-one , To obtain the average dipole moment, specifically: in, It is the average dipole moment.

9. The design method for a ternary hybrid insulating gas based on synergistic effect according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step three, the proportion of buffer gas molecules C is optimized by using the ratio of insulating gas molecules A to electronegative gas molecules B and the ambient temperature requirements of the electrical equipment operating environment. Specifically: Step 321: Obtain the Antoine constants for insulating gases, electronegative gases, and buffer gases. , and ; Step 322: Antoine's constant , , The ratio of insulating gas molecules A to electronegative gas molecules B, and the preset liquefaction temperature. Substituting into the formula for the ratio of ternary gas mixtures and liquefaction temperature, the mole fraction of insulating gas molecules A in the gas phase is used. mole fraction of electronegative gas molecules B in the gas phase As the iterative variable, the output is when the formula for the ratio of the ternary gas mixture and the liquefaction temperature holds true. , Thus, the proportion of C in the buffer gas molecules can be obtained. .

10. The design method for a ternary hybrid insulating gas based on synergistic effect according to claim 9, characterized in that: The formula for the ternary gas mixture ratio and liquefaction temperature in step 322 is as follows: in, It is the preset liquefaction temperature. , and Antoine constants for A, B, and C respectively. It is the saturated vapor pressure of a ternary gas mixture.

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