Passive reactor safety system with containment cooling and method of control thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a passive reactor safety system with shell cooling and a control method thereof. The shell member comprises a first shell and a second shell arranged outside the first shell. The passive injection system comprises a first injection subsystem, the first injection subsystem comprises a first injection pool arranged outside the second shell, the first injection pool is higher than the reactor, and the first injection pool is configured to inject the stored coolant into the reactor core under the action of gravity in a first working condition. The passive heat removal system comprises a spraying subsystem, the spraying subsystem comprises a cooling water source and a spraying assembly in communication with the cooling water source, the spraying assembly is arranged between the second shell and the first shell and is lower than the cooling water source, and the spraying assembly is configured to spray the coolant of the cooling water source to the outer wall of the first shell under the action of gravity in the first working condition. The first injection subsystem and the spraying subsystem of the application can realize swelling or cooling of the reactor in a passive manner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear power technology, and in particular to a passive reactor safety system and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional two-loop passive pressurized water reactors, the reactor flooding water source is located within the containment. For three-loop or four-loop passive pressurized water reactors, as well as two-loop passive pressurized water reactors using shaft-sealed main pumps, the main equipment occupies a large space. Using the traditional reactor flooding water source would cause the reactor flooding pool to protrude beyond the main control panel of the reactor building, significantly impacting operation and maintenance within the reactor building. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a passive reactor safety system with shell cooling.

[0004] The present invention also proposes a control method for a passive reactor safety system with shell cooling.

[0005] A passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to a first aspect embodiment of the present invention includes: The shell structure includes a first shell and a second shell, wherein the second shell is disposed outside the first shell, and the reactor is disposed inside the first shell; The first injection line passes through the first shell and the second shell, with one end of the first injection line connected to the reactor core and the other end located outside the second shell; The passive safety injection system includes a first safety injection subsystem, which includes a first safety injection pool located outside the second shell. The first safety injection pool is positioned above the reactor and is connected to a first safety injection pipeline. The first safety injection pool is configured to inject the coolant stored in it into the reactor core under gravity through the first safety injection pipeline during a first operating condition, whereby the first operating condition is a reactor rupture accident. A passive heat dissipation system includes a spray subsystem, the spray subsystem including a cooling water source and a spray assembly connected to the cooling water source, the spray assembly being disposed between the second housing and the first housing and being disposed below the cooling water source, the spray assembly being configured to spray the coolant of the cooling water source onto the outer wall of the first housing under the action of gravity in the first operating condition.

[0006] The passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to the first aspect of the present invention has at least the following advantages: In this embodiment, the reactor safety system includes a first safety injection subsystem and a spray subsystem. When a reactor breach accident occurs, the first safety injection subsystem and the spray subsystem are activated, causing coolant in the first safety injection pool to be injected into the reactor under gravity, and causing coolant from the cooling water source to be sprayed onto the outside of the first shell under gravity, achieving reactor flooding and expansion, and effectively removing reactor heat. Both the first safety injection subsystem and the spray subsystem are implemented passively, simplifying the reactor safety system. Furthermore, the first safety injection pool utilizes the space outside the second shell, without occupying the internal space of the first and second shells, significantly reducing the difficulty of reactor building layout. In particular, it removes the limitations imposed by passive pressurized water reactor technology on the number of reactor loops and the type of main pump, facilitating operation and maintenance within the reactor building.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the spray subsystem includes a water storage tank, the cooling water source is contained in the water storage tank, and the water storage tank is disposed outside the second housing.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the water storage tank and the first water injection tank are disposed on the top of the second housing; and / or, the spray assembly is disposed on the top of the first housing.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the passive heat dissipation system further includes a ventilation subsystem, the ventilation subsystem including an air inlet and an air outlet disposed in the second housing, the air inlet being disposed below the air outlet.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first housing is a metal housing; and / or, the air inlet is disposed on the side wall of the second housing, and the air outlet is disposed on the top wall of the second housing.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ventilation subsystem further includes a partition disposed between the first housing and the second housing, one end of the partition being connected to the second housing and the other end being a free end, the partition being disposed circumferentially along the first housing, the partition defining a first flow channel between the partition and the first housing and a second flow channel between the partition and the second housing, the first flow channel communicating with the air outlet and the second flow channel communicating with the air inlet.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first safety injection subsystem further includes a first safety injection control valve, which is disposed on the passage between the first safety injection water tank and the first safety injection pipeline to regulate the on / off state of the first safety injection water tank and the first safety injection pipeline. The first safety injection control valve is configured to open to connect the first safety injection water tank and the first safety injection pipeline when the back pressure of the reactor is less than a first pressure threshold under the first operating condition.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a steam generator is disposed within the first housing, and the passive heat dissipation system further includes a secondary waste heat discharge subsystem, the secondary waste heat discharge subsystem comprising: A first connecting line and a second connecting line, at least one of which passes through the first housing and the second housing; A heat exchanger is disposed on the outside of the second housing. The inlet end of the heat exchanger is connected to the main steam pipe of the steam generator through the first connecting pipeline, and the outlet end of the heat exchanger is connected to the secondary side of the steam generator through the second connecting pipeline. The position of the heat exchanger is higher than that of the steam generator.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the secondary side waste heat discharge subsystem includes a cooling water tank disposed outside the second housing, and the heat exchanger disposed inside the cooling water tank.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the passive safety injection system further includes a second safety injection subsystem, the second safety injection subsystem including a second safety injection pool and a second safety injection control valve, the second safety injection pool being connected to the first safety injection pipeline through the second safety injection control valve, the second safety injection pool being filled with pressurized gas, and the second control valve being configured to open to connect the second safety injection pool and the first safety injection pipeline when the back pressure of the reactor is greater than a first pressure threshold and less than a second pressure threshold under the first operating condition.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second water injection tank is disposed on the outside of the second housing, or the second water injection tank is disposed inside the first housing.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the passive safety injection system further includes a third safety injection subsystem, which includes a third safety injection water tank disposed within the first casing. The third safety injection water tank is provided with an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is connected to the cold pipe section of the reactor, and the outlet is connected to the first safety injection pipeline. The third safety injection water tank is configured to allow its coolant to be injected into the reactor core through the first safety injection pipeline under the first operating condition due to the density difference.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a plant is provided inside the first housing, the reactor is located inside the plant, and the passive safety injection system further includes a sump recirculation subsystem. The sump recirculation subsystem includes a sump circulation pipeline, a sump filter, and a fifth safety injection control valve. The sump filter is located at the bottom of the plant and is connected to the first safety injection pipeline through the sump circulation pipeline. The fifth safety injection control valve is located on the sump circulation pipeline and is configured to open when the liquid level in the plant reaches a preset liquid level.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the reactor is any one of a two-loop passive pressurized water reactor, a three-loop passive pressurized water reactor, or a four-loop passive pressurized water reactor; And / or, the main pump used in the reactor is either a shaft-sealed main pump or a shaftless main pump.

[0020] A control method for a passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to a second aspect embodiment of the present invention, wherein the passive reactor safety system is the passive reactor safety system described in any of the above embodiments, the control method comprising: Obtain the safety injection signal, depressurize the reactor, and start the spray subsystem; If the back pressure of the reactor is less than the first pressure threshold, the first safety injection subsystem is activated.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the passive heat dissipation system further includes a ventilation subsystem, the ventilation subsystem including an air inlet and an air outlet disposed in the second housing, the air inlet being disposed below the air outlet; when the spray subsystem is activated, the control method further includes: Start the ventilation subsystem.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the passive safety injection system further includes a second safety injection subsystem, the second safety injection subsystem including a second safety injection water tank connected to the first safety injection pipeline, the second safety injection water tank being filled with pressurized gas, and the coolant stored in the second safety injection water tank being able to be injected into the reactor core through the first safety injection pipeline under gas pressure; if the back pressure of the reactor is less than a first pressure threshold, before activating the first safety injection subsystem, the control method further includes: If the reactor back pressure is greater than the first pressure threshold and less than the second pressure threshold, the second safety injection subsystem is activated.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the passive safety injection system further includes a third safety injection subsystem, which includes a third safety injection pool disposed within the first casing. The third safety injection pool is connected to both the reactor and the first safety injection pipeline. The coolant in the third safety injection pool can be injected into the reactor core through the first safety injection pipeline due to density difference. Before depressurizing the reactor, the control method further includes: Start the third safety injection subsystem.

[0024] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the passive safety injection system further includes a sump recirculation subsystem, the sump recirculation subsystem including a sump filter screen disposed at the bottom of the reactor building, the sump filter screen being connected to the first safety injection pipeline via a sump recirculation pipeline; if the back pressure of the reactor is less than a first pressure threshold, after activating the first safety injection subsystem, the control method further includes: If the preset conditions are met, the sump recirculation subsystem is activated; the preset conditions are that the liquid level in the plant reaches a preset liquid level, or that the coolant in the first injection tank is depleted.

[0025] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the passive heat dissipation system includes a heat exchanger disposed outside the second housing, the inlet end of the heat exchanger being connected to the main steam pipe of the steam generator via a first connecting pipeline, and the outlet end of the heat exchanger being connected to the secondary side of the steam generator via a second connecting pipeline; the control method further includes: Obtain the heat discharge signal and start the secondary side waste heat discharge subsystem.

[0026] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a passive reactor safety system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the control method according to the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the control method according to the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the control method according to the third embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the control method according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Icon labels: 10. Passive reactor safety systems; 100. Reactor; 101. Steam generator; 102. Main steam pipeline; 103. Plant building; 200. Shell component; 210. First shell; 220. Second shell; 300. First safety injection pipeline; 400. First safety injection subsystem; 410. First safety injection water tank; 420. First safety injection control valve; 500. Second safety injection subsystem; 510. Second safety injection water tank; 520. Second safety injection control valve; 600. Third safety injection subsystem; 610. Third safety injection tank; 620. Third safety injection control valve; 630. Fourth safety injection control valve; 700. Sump recirculation subsystem; 710. Sump filter; 720. Sump circulation pipeline; 730. Fifth safety control valve; 800. Passive heat dissipation system; 810. Sprinkler subsystem; 811. Water storage tank; 812. Sprinkler assembly; 813. Sprinkler pipe; 814. Sprinkler control valve; 820. Ventilation subsystem; 821. Air inlet; 822. Air outlet; 823. Baffle; 824. First flow channel; 825. Second flow channel; 830. Secondary side waste heat discharge subsystem; 831. Heat exchanger; 832. Cooling water tank; 833. First heat discharge control valve; 834. Second heat discharge control valve. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0031] In the description of this invention, "multiple" refers to two or more. The use of "first" and "second" is for distinguishing technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or their sequential relationship.

[0032] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0033] This application provides a passive reactor safety system with shell cooling.

[0034] Passive reactor safety systems include shell components. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 1 The containment structure 200 includes a first containment structure 210 and a second containment structure 220. The second containment structure 220 is located outside the first containment structure 210, and the reactor 100 is located inside the first containment structure 210. The first containment structure 210 and the second containment structure 220 together constitute the containment structure of the reactor 100. Other related equipment of the reactor 100 includes a steam generator 101, a main pump, a pressurizer, main piping, a main steam piping 102, a main feedwater piping, and other components. Figure 1 As shown, the connection relationship of these components adopts the corresponding connection relationship of a typical pressurized water reactor, which will not be described in detail in the embodiments of this application.

[0035] The passive reactor safety system includes a passive safety injection system and a first safety injection line 300. The first safety injection line 300 passes through the first shell 210 and the second shell 220, with one end connected to the reactor core of the reactor 100 and the other end located outside the second shell 220. The passive safety injection system includes a first safety injection pool 410 located outside the second shell 220, positioned higher than the reactor 100, and connected to the first safety injection line 300. The first safety injection pool 410 is configured to, under a first operating condition, inject its stored coolant into the reactor core of the reactor 100 through the first safety injection line 300 under gravity. The first operating condition is a breach accident in the reactor 100. The coolant stored in the first safety injection pool 410 can be a boric acid solution. Understandably, a control valve is installed between the first safety injection tank 410 and the first safety injection pipeline 300 to adjust the connection or disconnection between the first safety injection tank 410 and the first safety injection pipeline 300.

[0036] Specifically, when a breach occurs in reactor 100, the coolant stored in the first safety injection pool 410 is injected into the core of reactor 100 through the first safety injection pipeline 300 under the action of gravity, and the coolant flows out through the breach to the outside of the pressure vessel of reactor 100 and gradually submerges reactor 100.

[0037] This application utilizes the space outside the second shell 220 to construct a first safety injection pool 410, eliminating the need to occupy the internal space of the first and second shells 210 and 220. This significantly reduces the difficulty of arranging the reactor building 103, particularly by removing the limitations imposed by passive safety pressurized water reactor technology on the number of loops and the type of main pump in the reactor 100. This facilitates operation and maintenance within the reactor building 103 and also allows for a reduction in the diameter of the shell components 200. Furthermore, the first safety injection pool 410 is not limited by the internal space of the shell, and its size can be set large enough to provide sufficient flooding water for the reactor 100.

[0038] In some embodiments of this application, the first safety injection tank 410 is disposed on top of the second shell 220. By placing the first safety injection tank 410 on top of the second shell 220, it is located at the highest point of the shell member 200, giving its water a greater gravitational potential energy. This provides sufficient driving force under gravity, allowing for better injection of coolant into the reactor 100. The top of the second shell 220 supports the first safety injection tank 410. The second shell 220 can be a metal shell or a prestressed concrete shell; this application does not limit the choice.

[0039] In this embodiment, the passive reactor safety system further includes a passive heat dissipation system 800. Please refer to... Figure 1 The passive heat dissipation system 800 includes a spray subsystem 810, which includes a cooling water source and a spray assembly 812 connected to the cooling water source. The spray assembly 812 is disposed between the first housing 210 and the second housing 220, and is positioned below the cooling water source. The spray assembly 812 is configured to spray the coolant from the cooling water source onto the outer wall of the first housing 210 under the action of gravity in a first operating condition.

[0040] In this embodiment, when a reactor 100 breach accident occurs, the spray subsystem 810 is activated, causing the spray assembly 812 to spray coolant from the cooling water source onto the outer wall of the first shell 210. The coolant exchanges heat with the first shell 210, carrying away the heat transferred from the reactor 100 to the first shell 210. By continuously spraying coolant onto the first shell 210 through the spray assembly 812, heat from the reactor 100 can be continuously discharged. It is understood that the spray assembly 812 is positioned lower than the cooling water source, and the cooling water enters the spray assembly 812 under gravity, achieving heat dissipation in a passive manner.

[0041] In some embodiments of this application, the spray subsystem 810 includes a water storage tank 811, in which cooling water is stored. The water storage tank 811 is located outside the second housing 220, and the spray assembly 812 is positioned below the water storage tank 811.

[0042] The above embodiment, by placing the water storage tank 811 for storing cooling water on the outside of the second shell 220, utilizes the space outside the second shell 220 without occupying the internal space of the first shell 210 and the second shell 220. This significantly reduces the difficulty of arranging the reactor building 103, facilitates operation and maintenance within the reactor building 103, and also helps to reduce the diameter of the shell components 200. Moreover, the water storage tank 811 is not limited by the internal space of the shell, and its size can be set large enough according to design needs to provide sufficient spray water to the first shell 210, so as to continuously and effectively remove the heat generated by the reactor 100 through heat exchange between the first shell 210 and the coolant.

[0043] The spray assembly 812 is connected to the water storage tank 811 via a spray pipe 813 that passes through the second shell 220. The spray pipe 813 is equipped with a spray control valve 814, which is configured to open when a beveling accident occurs in the reactor 100, so that the cooling water source in the water storage tank 811 is sprayed onto the outer wall of the first shell 210 through the spray pipe 813 and the spray assembly 812.

[0044] In some embodiments of this application, the water storage tank 811 is disposed on the top of the second housing 220. By disposing of the water storage tank 811 on the top of the second housing 220, the water storage tank 811 is located at the highest point of the housing member 200, giving the water a greater gravitational potential energy. This allows the water to generate sufficient kinetic energy under the influence of gravity, enabling the coolant to be better sprayed onto the outer wall of the first housing 210. Combined with... Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the first water injection tank 410 and the water storage tank 811 are both located on the top of the second housing 220, and the first water injection tank 410 and the water storage tank 811 are separated by the wall on the top of the second housing 220.

[0045] In one possible implementation of this application, the cooling water source may also be the coolant stored in the first safety water tank 410. That is, the spray subsystem 810 uses the coolant in the first safety water tank 410 to cool the first housing 210. In other words, the spray subsystem 810 and the first safety water tank 400 share the first safety water tank 410.

[0046] In some embodiments of this application, the spray assembly 812 is disposed at the top of the first housing 210. This facilitates the flow of coolant sprayed by the spray assembly 812 from the top of the first housing 210 to its circumferential sidewalls, ensuring that the coolant flows as evenly as possible on the outer surface of the first housing 210, so that all parts of the outer surface of the first housing 210 are cooled by the coolant, and better removes the heat transferred from the internal reactor 100 to the first housing 210. Furthermore, the spray assembly 812 is disposed at the middle of the top of the first housing 210.

[0047] The spray assembly 812 may include a water collection tray and multiple liquid dispensing nozzles connected to the water collection tray. The multiple liquid dispensing nozzles are connected to the outer periphery of the water collection tray and arranged along the circumference of the water collection tray so that the coolant flows evenly to various locations of the first housing.

[0048] In some embodiments of this application, the passive heat dissipation system 800 further includes a ventilation subsystem 820, which includes an air inlet 821 and an air outlet 822 disposed on the second housing 220, with the air inlet 821 disposed below the air outlet 822. When the air inlet 821 and air outlet 822 are open, the space between the first shell 210 and the second shell 220 is connected to the external environment through the air inlet 821 and air outlet 822. The outside air enters the space between the first shell 210 and the second shell 220 through the air inlet 821 and comes into contact with the first shell 210 to exchange heat and form a hot airflow. Since the hot airflow has a rising characteristic due to its low density, and the air inlet 821 in this embodiment is set lower than the air outlet 822, the heated hot airflow rises and is discharged from the air outlet 822. At the same time, the outside air continues to enter through the air inlet 821, thus generating a chimney effect. Driven by the chimney effect, the outside cold air can continuously enter and exchange heat with the first shell 210 and be discharged. The heat of the first shell 210 is continuously carried away by natural convection, thereby continuously and effectively dissipating the heat of the reactor 100.

[0049] In some embodiments of this application, the first casing 210 is a metal casing. It is understood that metal has good thermal conductivity. In this embodiment, by making the first casing 210 of metal, the heat generated by the reactor 100 can be quickly transferred to the first casing 210 and then quickly dissipated through the first casing 210 and airflow, thereby achieving rapid heat removal from the reactor 100.

[0050] In some embodiments of this application, the air inlet 821 is disposed on the side wall of the second housing 220. The air inlet 821 is disposed on the side wall of the second housing 220 so that the incoming airflow can quickly flow to the main heated area of ​​the first housing 210, while ensuring that the incoming airflow and the first housing 210 have sufficient heat exchange area.

[0051] In some embodiments of this application, the air outlet 822 is disposed on the top wall of the second housing 220. By placing the air outlet 822 on the top wall of the second housing 220, this embodiment allows the heated air to be discharged unimpeded from the air outlet 822, utilizing the characteristic of hot air rising, eliminating the need for a fan or other power components. Furthermore, the air outlet 822's location at the top, far from the air inlet 821, ensures that the air entering between the second housing 220 and the first housing 210 can fully exchange heat with the first housing 210, improving the heat exchange effect.

[0052] In some embodiments of this application, the ventilation subsystem 820 further includes a partition 823, which is disposed between the first housing 210 and the second housing 220. One end of the partition 823 is connected to the second housing 220, and the other end is a free end. The partition 823 is arranged circumferentially along the first housing 210. A first flow channel 824 is defined between the partition 823 and the first housing 210, and a second flow channel 825 is defined between the partition 823 and the second housing 220. The first flow channel 824 communicates with the air outlet 822, and the second flow channel 825 communicates with the air inlet 821. Figure 1 As shown, one end of the partition 823 is connected to the top of the second housing 220.

[0053] Specifically, after outside air enters the second shell 220 through the air inlet 821, it first flows downward along the second flow channel 825 between the partition 823 and the second shell 220, then enters the first flow channel 824 from the free end of the partition 823, and flows upward along the first flow channel 824 until it is discharged from the air outlet 822 at the top. Thus, by setting the partition 823 between the first shell 210 and the second shell 220, the partition 823 defines the space between the first shell 210 and the second shell 220 as the first flow channel 824 and the second flow channel 825. The air entering from the air inlet 821 must flow through the second flow channel 825 and the first flow channel 824 before it can be discharged from the air outlet 822. This increases the air flow path, prolongs the heat exchange time between the air and the shell components 200, effectively improves the heat exchange efficiency, and allows for better removal of heat from the reactor 100.

[0054] In some embodiments of this application, the first safety injection subsystem 400 further includes a first safety injection control valve 420. The first safety injection control valve 420 is disposed in the passage between the first safety injection water tank 410 and the first safety injection pipeline 300 to regulate the on / off state of the first safety injection water tank 410 and the first safety injection pipeline 300. The first safety injection control valve 420 is configured to open under a first operating condition, and when the back pressure of the reactor 100 is less than a first pressure threshold, to conduct the connection between the first safety injection water tank 410 and the first safety injection pipeline 300. Combined with... Figure 1 As shown, a first connecting pipe is connected between the first injection tank 410 and the first injection pipeline 300, and the first injection control valve 420 can be connected to the first connecting pipe.

[0055] Understandably, the first safety injection control valve 420 is configured to allow coolant to flow unidirectionally from the first safety injection pool 410 towards the reactor 100, in order to prevent backflow of liquid from the reactor 100 or the building 103 into the first safety injection pool 410. The first safety injection control valve 420 can be a rupture valve, which has highly reliable isolation capabilities and can reliably isolate the first safety injection pool 410 from the radioactive system of the reactor 100.

[0056] Understandably, the first pressure threshold is the maximum pressure at which the first safety injection pool 410 can overcome the back pressure and enter the reactor 100 using the gravity of its water. The first pressure threshold is less than the head pressure of the first safety injection pool 410. Specifically, the reactor 100 safety system includes a controller and a detector. After a breach accident occurs, when the detector detects that the back pressure of the reactor 100 is less than the first pressure threshold, the detector sends a first detection signal to the controller. The controller responds to the first detection signal and sends a control command to the first safety injection control valve 420, controlling the first safety injection control valve 420 to open, thereby connecting the first safety injection pool 410 to the first safety injection pipeline 300. The coolant in the first safety injection pool 410 is injected into the reactor core of the reactor 100 through the first connecting pipe and the first safety injection pipeline 300 under the action of gravity.

[0057] It should be understood that when a breach accident occurs in reactor 100, there is a large back pressure. At this time, even if the first safety injection pool 410 is connected to the first safety injection pipeline 300, the first safety injection pool 410 cannot enter the reactor 100 under the large back pressure. Before activating the first safety injection subsystem 400, other safety injection methods can be used first.

[0058] In some embodiments of this application, the passive safety injection system further includes a third safety injection subsystem 600. The third safety injection subsystem 600 includes a third safety injection pool 610, which is disposed within the first casing 210. The third safety injection pool 610 has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is connected to the cold pipe section of the reactor 100, and the outlet is connected to the first safety injection pipeline 300. The third safety injection pool 610 is configured to, under a first operating condition, allow its coolant to be injected into the reactor core of the reactor 100 through the first safety injection pipeline 300 due to the density difference. It can be understood that the third safety injection pool 610 serves as a makeup water pool for the reactor 100.

[0059] Please refer to Figure 1 The third safety injection subsystem 600 also includes a third safety injection control valve 620 and a fourth safety injection control valve 630. The third safety injection control valve 620 is located in the passage between the liquid inlet and the cold pipe section, and the fourth safety injection control valve 630 is located in the passage between the liquid outlet and the first safety injection pipeline 300. The third safety injection control valve 620 and the fourth safety injection control valve 630 are respectively configured to open under the first operating condition.

[0060] Understandably, since the coolant in the third safety injection pool 610 is pushed into the reactor 100 under the action of the density difference between hot and cold, the coolant in the third safety injection pool 610 is not affected by the back pressure. The third safety injection pool 610 can provide water replenishment and boronizing functions for the reactor 100 under full pressure conditions.

[0061] Specifically, when the detection system detects a breach accident in reactor 100, the detection system sends a safety injection signal to the controller. The controller responds to the safety injection signal and sends control commands to the third safety injection control valve 620 and the fourth safety injection control valve 630, causing the two control valves to open. By utilizing the difference in thermal density at the inlet and outlet, gravity drives the coolant (a higher concentration of boric acid solution) in the third safety injection pool 610 to be injected into the core of reactor 100.

[0062] To meet the low back pressure requirement for the first safety injection pool 410 to perform its safety injection function, the coolant system of reactor 100 can be depressurized first. For some embodiments of this application, please refer to... Figure 1 The passive reactor safety system also includes a pressure relief mechanism, which includes a pressure relief pipe and a pressure relief valve installed on the pressure relief pipe. The pressure relief pipe is connected to the heat pipe section of reactor 100.

[0063] After a breach accident occurs in reactor 100, when the pressure in reactor 100 reaches the trigger condition of the pressure relief valve, the pressure relief valve is triggered to open, causing the coolant system of reactor 100 to automatically depressurize, so that the back pressure of reactor 100 is gradually reduced to the back pressure required by the first safety injection pool 410.

[0064] The passive safety injection system also includes a second safety injection subsystem 500, which includes a second safety injection tank 510. The second safety injection tank 510 is connected to the first safety injection pipeline 300 and is filled with pressurized gas. The second safety injection tank 510 is configured to, under a first operating condition, allow the coolant stored in it to be injected into the reactor core of the reactor 100 through the first safety injection pipeline 300 under gas pressure. In one embodiment of this application, the pressurized gas is nitrogen, meaning that the second safety injection tank 510 uses nitrogen for pressurization.

[0065] The above embodiment fills the second safety injection pool 510 with pressurized gas, allowing the coolant in the second safety injection pool 510 to be injected into the reactor 100 under gas pressure. That is, the second safety injection pool 510 also uses a passive injection method, achieving emergency borosilicated, flooded, and continuously cooled reactor 100 core without relying on an external power source. The above embodiment also includes a second safety injection subsystem 500, adding a passive safety injection method to reactor 100. The second safety injection subsystem 500 utilizes gas pressurization to inject boric acid solution. The back pressure required for the second safety injection subsystem 500 is relatively higher. Thus, in the initial stage of a breach accident, before the back pressure of reactor 100 has decreased to the back pressure required by the first safety injection subsystem 400, the second safety injection subsystem can perform emergency expansion and cooling of reactor 100 before the first safety injection subsystem 400 is activated, better maintaining reactor 100 in a safe and controllable state after an accident.

[0066] The second safety injection subsystem 500 also includes a second safety injection control valve 520, which is located in the passage between the second safety injection pool 510 and the first safety injection pipeline 300. The second safety injection control valve 520 is configured to open when, under a first operating condition, the back pressure of the reactor 100 is greater than a first pressure threshold and less than a second pressure threshold, thereby connecting the second safety injection pool 510 and the first safety injection pipeline 300. Understandably, the second pressure threshold is less than the gas pressure accumulated in the second safety injection pool 510.

[0067] Specifically, in the initial stage of a rupture accident in reactor 100, when the detector detects that the back pressure of reactor 100 is less than the second pressure threshold and greater than the first pressure threshold, the detector sends a second detection signal to the controller. The controller responds to the second detection signal and issues a control command to the second safety injection control valve 520, thereby opening the second safety injection water pool 510 and connecting it to the first safety injection pipeline 300. The coolant in the second safety injection water pool 510 is injected into the core of reactor 100 through the first safety injection pipeline 300 under the pressure of the pressurized gas.

[0068] In some embodiments of this application, combined with Figure 1As shown, the second safety injection pool 510 is located outside the second shell 220. By placing the second safety injection pool 510 outside the second shell 220, it does not occupy the internal space of the first shell 210 and the second shell 220, further reducing the difficulty of arranging the reactor building 103 and further reducing the diameter of the shell components 200. At the same time, the second safety injection pool 510 is not limited by the interior of the shell, and its larger size allows it to provide sufficient safety injection water for the reactor 100.

[0069] In one possible embodiment of this application, the second safety injection tank 510 may also be disposed inside the first housing 210. In this embodiment, disposing of the second safety injection tank 510 inside the first housing 210 can shorten the pipeline and simplify the safety injection pipeline.

[0070] In some embodiments of this application, the reactor 100 safety system further includes a secondary side waste heat removal subsystem 830, which includes a heat exchanger 831, a first connecting pipeline, and a second connecting pipeline. The first and second connecting pipelines pass through the first shell 210 and the second shell 220. The heat exchanger 831 is located outside the second shell 220. The inlet end of the heat exchanger 831 is connected to the main steam pipe 102 of the steam generator 101 through the first connecting pipeline, and the outlet end of the heat exchanger 831 is connected to the secondary side of the steam generator 101 through the second connecting pipeline. The position of the heat exchanger 831 is higher than that of the steam generator 101.

[0071] When an unexpected transient event occurs in reactor 100 (without a breach accident), the secondary side residual heat removal subsystem 830 is activated. Through heat exchanger 831, the heat generated by reactor 100 is carried away to the outside of the shell structure 200, maintaining reactor 100 in a safe and controlled state. Specifically, when the secondary side residual heat removal subsystem 830 is activated, steam in the main steam pipe 102 enters heat exchanger 831 through the first connecting pipeline. The steam condenses (liquefies) within heat exchanger 831, releasing heat during the condensation process. Since heat exchanger 831 is located outside the second shell 220, it can dissipate heat to the outside, thus carrying away the heat generated by reactor 100 to the outside environment. After condensation, the steam flows back to the secondary side of the evaporator through the second connecting pipeline, then evaporates again and enters the heat exchanger 831. In this way, the heat of the reactor 100 is continuously discharged through the phase change of the water medium on the secondary side of the steam generator 101, which helps to maintain the reactor 100 in a safe and controlled state.

[0072] In some embodiments of this application, a first heat dissipation control valve 833 is provided on the first connecting pipeline. The first heat dissipation control valve 833 is configured to open to conduct the first connecting pipeline when an unexpected transient event occurs in the reactor 100. A second heat dissipation control valve 834 is provided on the second connecting pipeline. The second heat dissipation control valve 834 is configured to open to conduct the second connecting pipeline when an unexpected transient event occurs in the reactor 100.

[0073] To better and more continuously dissipate the heat from reactor 100, please refer to some embodiments of this application. Figure 1 The secondary waste heat removal subsystem 830 also includes a cooling water tank 832, which is located outside the second housing 220, and the heat exchanger 831 is located within the cooling water tank 832. Understandably, the heat exchanger 831 is immersed in the coolant in the cooling water tank 832. In this embodiment, by setting up the cooling water tank 832 and placing the heat exchanger 831 within it, when the secondary waste heat removal subsystem 830 is started, the heat released by the steam onto the heat exchanger 831 can be further transferred through the heat exchanger 831 to the coolant in the cooling water tank 832. That is, the coolant quickly removes the heat released by the steam onto the heat exchanger 831, preventing the heat exchanger 831 from becoming too hot itself. This allows the incoming steam to continuously exchange heat with the heat exchanger 831, effectively improving the continuous heat removal capacity of the secondary waste heat removal subsystem 830.

[0074] A plant 103 is disposed within the first casing 210, and the reactor 100 is disposed within the plant 103. In some embodiments of this application, the passive safety injection system further includes a sump recirculation subsystem 700, which includes a sump recirculation pipeline 720, a sump filter 710, and a fifth safety injection control valve 630. The sump filter 710 is disposed at the bottom of the plant 103 and is connected to the first safety injection pipeline 300 through the sump recirculation pipeline 720. The fifth safety injection control valve 630 is disposed on the sump recirculation pipeline 720 and is configured to open when the liquid level in the plant 103 reaches a preset liquid level.

[0075] Understandably, the coolant injected into reactor 100 by the first and second safety injection subsystems 400 and 500 will flow out from the rupture point of reactor 100 and continuously submerge reactor 100 and the interior of building 103. When the coolant level in building 103 reaches the preset level, the sump recirculation subsystem 700 is activated. At this time, the controller opens the fifth safety injection control valve 730 between the sump filter 710 and the first safety injection line 300. Under its own gravity, the coolant in building 103 passes through the sump filter 710 and enters the first safety injection line 300, injecting it into reactor 100. It then flows out again from the rupture point of reactor 100 into building 103. The coolant in building 103 then passes through the sump filter 710 and enters the safety injection line again, realizing coolant circulation and safety injection. In the sump recirculation safety injection mode, the reactor core of reactor 100 can be kept submerged for a long time, and the core decay heat can be continuously discharged.

[0076] In some embodiments of this application, the reactor 100 using the passive reactor safety system can be a two-loop passive pressurized water reactor, a three-loop passive pressurized water reactor, or a four-loop passive pressurized water reactor.

[0077] In some embodiments of this application, the main pump used in the reactor 100 employing the passive reactor safety system can be a shaft-sealed main pump or a shaftless main pump.

[0078] This application also provides a control method for a passive reactor safety system. This control method is applied to the passive reactor safety system conceived in the above embodiments. The specific structure of the passive reactor safety system is detailed in the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0079] Please refer to Figure 2 The figure is a flowchart of the control method of the first embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the control method of the passive reactor safety system includes: 101: Obtain the safety injection signal, depressurize reactor 100, and start the spray subsystem 810.

[0080] The safety injection signal is issued by the detection system when a LOCA (Loss of Coolant Accident) or other similar accident is detected in reactor 100. Upon receiving the safety injection signal, the controller activates the spray subsystem 810. Specifically, the spray control valve 814 on the spray pipe 813 opens, allowing the coolant in the reservoir 811 to flow through the spray pipe 813 to the spray assembly 812, and then sprayed onto the outer wall of the first shell 210. The coolant contacts and exchanges heat with the first shell 210, thereby removing heat from the first shell 210. Continuous spraying of the first shell 210 by the spray assembly 812 effectively removes heat from the reactor. Wetting the outer wall of the first shell 210 with coolant in the early stages of an accident enhances heat removal capacity during this phase.

[0081] In the initial stage of a rupture accident in reactor 100, the back pressure of reactor 100 is relatively high, and at this time, the first safety injection subsystem 400 is unable to supply coolant to reactor 100. In order to meet the safety injection requirements of the first safety injection subsystem 400, when a safety injection signal is received, the coolant system of reactor 100 is depressurized through the pressure relief mechanism, so that the back pressure of reactor 100 is gradually reduced to the stable safety injection requirements of the first safety injection subsystem 400.

[0082] 102: If the back pressure of reactor 100 is less than the first pressure threshold, start the first safety injection subsystem 400.

[0083] The first pressure threshold is less than or equal to the head pressure of the first safety injection pool 410. The first safety injection subsystem 400 includes a first safety injection pool 410 located at the top of the second casing 220. Since the coolant in the first safety injection pool 410 is injected into the reactor core of the reactor 100 under gravity, the safety injection requirement for the first safety injection pool 410 is that the back pressure of the reactor 100 is less than the head pressure of the first safety injection pool 410. Therefore, when the back pressure of the reactor 100 is less than the first pressure threshold, the first safety injection subsystem 400 is activated. Specifically, when the back pressure of the reactor 100 is less than the first pressure threshold, the controller controls the first safety injection control valve 420 to open, connecting the first safety injection pipeline 300 to the first safety injection pool 410. The boric acid solution in the first safety injection pool 410 is then injected into the reactor core of the reactor 100 through the first safety injection pipeline 300.

[0084] Please refer to Figure 3 The figure is a flowchart of the control method of the second embodiment of this application. The steps of the control method of the second embodiment are the same as the steps of the control method of the first embodiment described above. The difference is that the control method of this embodiment also includes steps 1 and 2. The control method of this embodiment will be described in detail below.

[0085] 201: Obtain the safety injection signal, depressurize reactor 100, and start the spray subsystem 810. Refer to the steps of the first embodiment above for details.

[0086] 202: If the back pressure of reactor 100 is greater than the first pressure threshold but less than the second pressure threshold, the second safety injection subsystem 500 is activated. The second safety injection subsystem 500 includes a second safety injection pool 510, which is filled with pressurized gas. Coolant in the second safety injection pool 510 can be injected into reactor 100 under gas pressure. The second safety injection pool 510 also uses a passive injection method, achieving emergency borosilicated, flooded, and cooled reactor 100 core without relying on an external power source.

[0087] Since the first safety injection subsystem 400 can only be activated when the back pressure of reactor 100 drops to the first pressure threshold, if the back pressure of reactor 100 is between the first and second pressure thresholds before activating the first safety injection subsystem 400, the second safety injection subsystem 500 is activated, allowing the coolant in the second safety injection pool 510 to be injected into the reactor core of reactor 100 under the pressure of the pressurized gas. Understandably, by activating the second safety injection subsystem 500 before activating the first safety injection subsystem 400, the safety injection measures for reactor 100 are increased. Thus, in the initial stage of an accident, the second safety injection subsystem first performs emergency expansion and cooling of reactor 100, which can better maintain reactor 100 in a safe and controllable state after an accident.

[0088] 203: If the back pressure of reactor 100 is less than the first pressure threshold, start the first safety injection subsystem 400. Refer to the steps of the first embodiment above for details.

[0089] 204: If the preset conditions are met, start the sump recirculation subsystem 700; the preset conditions are that the liquid level in the plant 103 reaches the preset liquid level, or that the coolant in the first safety injection tank 410 is exhausted. The preset liquid level is higher than the height at the connection point between the first safety injection pipeline 300 and the reactor 100.

[0090] The coolant injected into reactor 100 by the first and second safety injection subsystems 400 and 500 flows out from the rupture point of reactor 100, continuously flooding reactor 100 and the interior of building 103. When the coolant level in building 103 reaches the preset level, the sump recirculation subsystem 700 is activated. At this time, the controller opens the fifth safety injection control valve 730 between the sump filter 710 and the first safety injection line 300. Under its own gravity, the coolant in building 103 passes through the sump filter 710 and enters the first safety injection line 300, flowing into reactor 100. It then flows out again from the rupture point of reactor 100 into building 103. The coolant in building 103 then passes through the sump filter 710 and enters the safety injection line again, realizing coolant circulation and safety injection. In the sump recirculation safety injection mode, the reactor core of reactor 100 can be kept in a flooded state for a long time, and the core decay heat can be continuously discharged.

[0091] Please refer to Figure 4 The figure is a flowchart of the control method of the third embodiment of this application. The steps of the control method of the third embodiment are the same as those of the control method of the second embodiment described above. The difference is that the steps of the control method of this embodiment are different from those of the above. In the steps of the control method of this embodiment, before depressurizing the reactor 100, the control method further includes: starting the third safety injection subsystem 600.

[0092] The third safety injection subsystem 600 includes a third safety injection pool 610 located inside the first casing 210. The inlet of the third safety injection pool 610 is connected to the cold pipe section of the reactor 100, and the outlet of the third safety injection pool 610 is connected to the first safety injection pipeline 300. A third safety injection control valve 620 is installed in the passage between the inlet and the cold pipe section, and a fourth safety injection control valve 630 is installed in the passage between the outlet and the first safety injection pipeline 300. When the controller receives a safety injection signal, the controller sends control commands to the third safety injection control valve 620 and the fourth safety injection control valve 630 to open the two control valves. By utilizing the difference in thermal density at the inlet and outlet, gravity drives the coolant (a high-concentration boric acid solution) in the third safety injection pool 610 to be injected into the reactor core of the reactor 100.

[0093] Please refer to Figure 5 The figure is a flowchart of the control method of the fourth embodiment of this application. The steps of the control method of the fourth embodiment are the same as those of the control method of the third embodiment described above. The difference is that the control method of this embodiment further includes the step of: acquiring the heat discharge signal and starting the secondary side waste heat discharge subsystem 830.

[0094] Specifically, the secondary waste heat removal subsystem 830 includes a heat exchanger 831, a cold water tank, a first connecting pipeline, and a second connecting pipeline. The first and second connecting pipelines pass through the first housing 210 and the second housing 220. The cooling water tank 832 is located outside the second housing 220. The heat exchanger 831 is located inside the cooling water tank 832. The inlet end of the heat exchanger 831 is connected to the main steam pipe 102 of the steam generator 101 through the first connecting pipeline, and the outlet end of the heat exchanger 831 is connected to the secondary side of the steam generator 101 through the second connecting pipeline. The position of the heat exchanger 831 is higher than that of the steam generator 101.

[0095] When an unexpected transient event occurs in reactor 100 (without a breach), a heat release signal is triggered, activating the secondary-side residual heat removal subsystem 830. Steam in the main steam pipe 102 enters heat exchanger 831 through the first connecting pipeline. The steam condenses (liquefies) within heat exchanger 831, releasing heat during the condensation process. Since heat exchanger 831 is located outside the second shell 220, it can dissipate heat to the outside environment. Thus, the heat generated by reactor 100 is carried away from the outside through heat exchanger 831. After condensation, the steam flows back to the secondary side of the evaporator through the second connecting pipeline, then evaporates again and enters heat exchanger 831. This continuous phase change of the circulating water medium on the secondary side of steam generator 101 helps maintain reactor 100 in a safe and controlled state.

[0096] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A passive reactor safety system with shell cooling, characterized in that, include: The shell structure includes a first shell and a second shell, wherein the second shell is disposed outside the first shell, and the reactor is disposed inside the first shell; The first injection line passes through the first shell and the second shell, with one end of the first injection line connected to the reactor core and the other end located outside the second shell; The passive safety injection system includes a first safety injection subsystem, which includes a first safety injection pool located outside the second shell. The first safety injection pool is positioned above the reactor and is connected to a first safety injection pipeline. The first safety injection pool is configured to inject the coolant stored in it into the reactor core under gravity through the first safety injection pipeline during a first operating condition, whereby the first operating condition is a reactor rupture accident. A passive heat dissipation system includes a spray subsystem, the spray subsystem including a cooling water source and a spray assembly connected to the cooling water source, the spray assembly being disposed between the second housing and the first housing and being disposed below the cooling water source, the spray assembly being configured to spray the coolant of the cooling water source onto the outer wall of the first housing under the action of gravity in the first operating condition.

2. The passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spray subsystem includes a water storage tank, in which the cooling water source is contained, and the water storage tank is located on the outside of the second housing.

3. The passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water storage tank and the first water injection tank are disposed on the top of the second housing; and / or, the spray assembly is disposed on the top of the first housing.

4. The passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The passive heat dissipation system further includes a ventilation subsystem, which includes an air inlet and an air outlet disposed in the second housing, with the air inlet positioned below the air outlet.

5. The passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first housing is a metal housing; and / or, the air inlet is located on the side wall of the second housing, and the air outlet is located on the top wall of the second housing.

6. The passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ventilation subsystem further includes a partition, which is disposed between the first housing and the second housing. One end of the partition is connected to the second housing, and the other end is a free end. The partition is arranged circumferentially along the first housing. The partition defines a first flow channel between itself and the first housing, and a second flow channel between itself and the second housing. The first flow channel is connected to the air outlet, and the second flow channel is connected to the air inlet.

7. The passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The first safety injection subsystem further includes a first safety injection control valve, which is disposed on the passage between the first safety injection water tank and the first safety injection pipeline to regulate the opening and closing of the first safety injection water tank and the first safety injection pipeline. The first safety injection control valve is configured to open to connect the first safety injection water tank and the first safety injection pipeline when the back pressure of the reactor is less than a first pressure threshold under the first operating condition.

8. The passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, A steam generator is installed inside the first housing. The passive heat removal system further includes a secondary waste heat removal subsystem, which includes: A first connecting line and a second connecting line, at least one of which passes through the first housing and the second housing; A heat exchanger is disposed on the outside of the second housing. The inlet end of the heat exchanger is connected to the main steam pipe of the steam generator through the first connecting pipeline, and the outlet end of the heat exchanger is connected to the secondary side of the steam generator through the second connecting pipeline. The position of the heat exchanger is higher than that of the steam generator.

9. The passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to claim 8, characterized in that, The secondary waste heat discharge subsystem includes a cooling water tank located outside the second shell, and the heat exchanger is located inside the cooling water tank.

10. The passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The passive safety injection system further includes a second safety injection subsystem, which includes a second safety injection pool and a second safety injection control valve. The second safety injection pool is connected to the first safety injection pipeline through the second safety injection control valve. The second safety injection pool is filled with pressurized gas. The second safety injection control valve is configured to open when the back pressure of the reactor is greater than a first pressure threshold and less than a second pressure threshold under the first operating condition, so as to connect the second safety injection pool and the first safety injection pipeline.

11. The passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to claim 10, characterized in that, The second water injection tank is located on the outside of the second housing, or the second water injection tank is located inside the first housing.

12. The passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The passive safety injection system further includes a third safety injection subsystem, which includes a third safety injection water tank. The third safety injection water tank is disposed within the first shell and has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is connected to the cold pipe section of the reactor, and the outlet is connected to the first safety injection pipeline. The third safety injection water tank is configured to allow its coolant to be injected into the reactor core through the first safety injection pipeline under the first operating condition due to the density difference.

13. The passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The first housing contains a plant, and the reactor is located within the plant. The passive safety injection system further includes a sump recirculation subsystem, which includes a sump recirculation pipeline, a sump filter, and a fifth safety injection control valve. The sump filter is located at the bottom of the plant and is connected to the first safety injection pipeline via the sump recirculation pipeline. The fifth safety injection control valve is located on the sump recirculation pipeline and is configured to open when the liquid level in the plant reaches a preset liquid level.

14. The passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The reactor is any one of a two-loop passive pressurized water reactor, a three-loop passive pressurized water reactor, or a four-loop passive pressurized water reactor; And / or, the main pump used in the reactor is either a shaft-sealed main pump or a shaftless main pump.

15. A control method for a passive reactor safety system with shell cooling, characterized in that, The passive reactor safety system is the passive reactor safety system according to any one of claims 1 to 14, and the control method includes: Obtain the safety injection signal, depressurize the reactor, and start the spray subsystem; If the back pressure of the reactor is less than the first pressure threshold, the first safety injection subsystem is activated.

16. The control method for a passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to claim 15, characterized in that, The passive heat dissipation system further includes a ventilation subsystem, which includes an air inlet and an air outlet disposed in the second housing, the air inlet being positioned lower than the air outlet; when the spray subsystem is activated, the control method further includes: Start the ventilation subsystem.

17. The control method for a passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to claim 15, characterized in that, The passive safety injection system further includes a second safety injection subsystem, which includes a second safety injection water tank connected to the first safety injection pipeline. The second safety injection water tank is filled with pressurized gas, and the coolant stored in the second safety injection water tank can be injected into the reactor core through the first safety injection pipeline under gas pressure. Before activating the first safety injection subsystem if the back pressure of the reactor is less than a first pressure threshold, the control method further includes: If the reactor back pressure is greater than the first pressure threshold and less than the second pressure threshold, the second safety injection subsystem is activated.

18. The control method for a passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to claim 15, characterized in that, The passive safety injection system also includes a third safety injection subsystem, which includes a third safety injection water tank. The third safety injection water tank is disposed inside the first shell and is connected to the reactor and the first safety injection pipeline. The coolant in the third safety injection water tank can be injected into the reactor core through the first safety injection pipeline due to the density difference. Before depressurizing the reactor, the control method further includes: Start the third safety injection subsystem.

19. The control method for a passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to claim 15, characterized in that, The passive safety injection system further includes a sump recirculation subsystem, which includes a sump filter screen located at the bottom of the reactor building. The sump filter screen is connected to the first safety injection pipeline via a sump recirculation pipeline. If the back pressure of the reactor is less than a first pressure threshold, after activating the first safety injection subsystem, the control method further includes: If the preset conditions are met, the sump recirculation subsystem is activated; the preset conditions are that the liquid level in the plant reaches a preset liquid level, or that the coolant in the first injection tank is depleted.

20. The control method for a passive reactor safety system with shell cooling according to claim 16, characterized in that, The passive heat removal system includes a heat exchanger located outside the second shell. The inlet end of the heat exchanger is connected to the main steam pipe of the steam generator via a first connecting pipeline, and the outlet end of the heat exchanger is connected to the secondary side of the steam generator via a second connecting pipeline. The control method further includes: Obtain the heat discharge signal and start the secondary side waste heat discharge subsystem.

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