Specialized aviation warning system for power transmission tower and control method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of aviation warning, and provides a power transmission tower special aviation warning system and a control method. The power transmission tower special aviation warning system comprises a power taking module, a direct current power supply module, a power management module, an energy storage module and a control module. The power taking module is configured to be sleeved on a power transmission conductor and is used for acquiring alternating current power from the power transmission conductor through electromagnetic induction; the direct current power supply module is used for outputting direct current; the power management module is electrically connected to the power taking module; the energy storage module is electrically connected to an output end of the power management module; the control module is electrically connected to the power management module and the energy storage module and is used for monitoring the power state of the energy storage module and the environmental light intensity; the warning module is used for emitting aviation warning light according to the instruction of the control module; wherein the power management module comprises a wide-range input voltage regulating unit, the wide-range input voltage regulating unit is configured to stabilize the direct current output voltage of the power management module in a preset range when the load current of the power transmission conductor changes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of aviation warning technology, and in particular to a dedicated aviation warning system and control method for power transmission towers. Background Technology

[0002] Aviation warning systems are an important means of obstacle avoidance and warning for power transmission towers, and a crucial tool for pilots to identify the outlines and altitudes of important structures. With the development of the low-altitude economy and the full opening of low-altitude airspace, the safe operation of power transmission towers and warning signs face higher requirements.

[0003] Existing aviation warning devices mostly adopt a split installation mode, which has many drawbacks: split installation can easily cause secondary major safety hazards; the product has poor durability and is prone to premature failure or failure at low temperatures; excessively high system voltage poses a risk of electric shock during installation, increasing the risk of high-altitude operations, and is not suitable for wide-area deployment on power transmission towers.

[0004] Currently, most mainstream aviation warning systems in China use dedicated aviation obstruction lights certified by the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC). To achieve the specified coverage angle and light intensity distribution, the optical systems of these aviation obstruction lights (typically composed of LED light sources paired with specific light-distributing lenses or reflectors) are usually designed with a fixed divergence angle. This fixed divergence angle design aims to provide a stable and uniform wide-angle light emission pattern to meet standardized requirements for being "visible."

[0005] However, the aviation obstruction lights in the relevant technical standards do not fully consider the product installation environment on power transmission towers, and the actual application defects still need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the related art. To this end, this application proposes an integrated aviation warning system and control method specifically for power transmission towers.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, a dedicated aviation warning system for power transmission towers includes: An energy harvesting module, wherein the energy harvesting module can obtain AC power from the transmission line through electromagnetic induction; DC power supply module, used to output DC power; A power management module is electrically connected to the energy harvesting module. The power management module is configured to rectify, regulate, and manage the AC power output from the energy harvesting module or the DC power output from the DC power supply module, and to provide DC output. An energy storage module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the power management module and is used to store electrical energy; The control module is electrically connected to the power management module and the energy storage module, and is used to monitor the power status of the energy storage module and the ambient light intensity. The warning module is electrically connected to the control module and is used to emit aviation warning lights according to the instructions of the control module; The power management module includes a wide-range input voltage regulation unit, which is configured to stabilize the DC output voltage of the power management module within a preset range when the load current of the transmission line changes.

[0008] According to one embodiment of this application, the energy harvesting module includes: magnetic core; An energy harvesting coil wound on the magnetic core; An insulating package that encapsulates the magnetic core and the power harvesting coil to form an integrated structure; The magnetic core is made of a soft magnetic material with high permeability and low saturation magnetic induction. or,

[0009] The DC power supply module includes: Solar panels; Mounting framework; The solar panel is connected to the mounting frame, and the solar panel is made of high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon.

[0010] According to one embodiment of this application, the power management module further includes: The rectifier unit, the filter unit, and the wide-range input voltage regulation unit are connected in sequence. The wide-range input voltage regulation unit includes a BOOST-BUCK composite topology circuit or a flyback switching power supply circuit.

[0011] According to one embodiment of this application, the power management module further includes an overvoltage protection unit and / or an overcurrent protection unit, wherein the overvoltage protection unit and / or the overcurrent protection unit are connected between the energy harvesting module and the rectifier unit, and / or connected to the output terminal of the wide-range input voltage regulation unit.

[0012] According to one embodiment of this application, the control module includes a microcontroller unit, a photosensitive sensor and a voltage detection circuit connected to the microcontroller unit, the voltage detection circuit being configured to detect the terminal voltage of the energy storage module.

[0013] A control method for a dedicated aviation warning system for transmission towers as described above, according to a second aspect embodiment of this application, includes the following steps: S1: Inductively obtain AC power from the power transmission wire through the power acquisition module, and charge the energy storage module after conversion by the power management module; S2: The control module continuously monitors the remaining battery level value V_bat and the ambient light intensity value L_amb of the energy storage module; S3: Determine whether the remaining battery level value V_bat reaches the first preset threshold V_th1 and whether the ambient light intensity value L_amb is lower than the second preset threshold L_th; if so, execute step S4; if not, return to step S2; S4: The control module controls the warning module to enter the first working mode and emit warning light at the first preset flashing frequency and the first light intensity; S5: During the operation of the warning module, the control module continues to monitor the remaining battery level value V_bat; S6: Determine whether the remaining battery level value V_bat drops to the third preset threshold V_th2, where V_th2 < V_th1; if so, the control module controls the warning module to enter the second working mode or turn off, and the flashing frequency and / or light intensity in the second working mode are lower than those in the first working mode.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present application, in step S3, if the determination result is that the remaining battery level value V_bat does not reach the first preset threshold V_th1, but the ambient light intensity value L_amb is lower than the second preset threshold L_th, the control module controls the warning module to remain off and charges the energy storage module.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present application, the control method further includes the following steps: S100: Monitor the measured light intensity of the warning module; S200: Calculate the ratio or difference between the measured light intensity and an expected light intensity threshold, and determine whether the measured light intensity meets the preset attenuation condition; S300: When it is determined that the measured light intensity meets the attenuation condition, the control module controls the electric heating unit to start to perform the de-icing operation.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present application, the attenuation condition in step S200 is that the ratio of the measured light intensity to the expected light intensity threshold is lower than a light intensity attenuation threshold, or the difference between the measured light intensity and the expected light intensity threshold is greater than a light intensity deviation threshold.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present application, step S300 includes: When it is determined that the attenuation condition is met, start the electric heating unit with the first heating power P1; During the operation of the electric heating unit, the measured light intensity is continuously monitored; When the measured light intensity recovers to or exceeds the expected light intensity threshold or reaches a preset recovery threshold, the electric heating unit is turned off.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or related technologies of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dedicated aviation warning system for power transmission towers provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the optical path effect behind the reflector provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the light source assembly provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a light reflection path diagram provided by the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the power module provided by the present invention; Figure 6 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the battery box provided by the present invention; Figure 7 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the battery box provided by the present invention; Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the control method provided by the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the warning module provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] This application provides embodiments of a control method. It should be noted that although the logical order is shown in the flowchart, under certain data conditions, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than that shown here.

[0023] Before introducing the control method of the embodiments of this application, the application scenarios of the control method will be explained first. The control method of this application can be applied to smart terminals such as smartphones, tablets and computers, and can also be applied to servers. This application does not make any special limitations here, as long as it can carry and implement the control method of this application.

[0024] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 8 This application describes a dedicated aviation warning system and control method for power transmission towers.

[0025] According to the embodiments of the first aspect of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, an aviation obstruction light solution is provided that can autonomously draw power from power transmission lines and operate stably, especially suitable for providing a reliable power supply for warning lights installed on power transmission lines connected to tall power transmission towers.

[0026] The system includes an energy harvesting module 1, a DC power supply module, a power management module 2, an energy storage module 3, a control module 4, and an alarm module 5. The core of the energy harvesting module 1 is a specially designed current transformer with a clamp-like core that can be opened and closed, facilitating direct installation on the transmission line 6 in the field. When current flows through the transmission line, AC energy is induced in the secondary coil of the energy harvesting module 1 according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. This non-contact energy harvesting method eliminates the need for electrical connection to high-voltage lines, ensuring safety during installation and maintenance. The DC power supply module outputs DC power, meaning the system can select between AC and DC power supply according to actual needs.

[0027] The power management module is configured to rectify, regulate, and manage the AC power output from the energy harvesting module or the DC power output from the DC power supply module, and provide DC output. The power management module 2 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the energy harvesting module 1 via a cable. Its core task is to process the AC induced voltage output from the energy harvesting module 1, which varies significantly with the line load current. To this end, the power management module 2 integrates a wide-range input voltage regulation unit. This unit typically includes a switching power supply (AC-DC) circuit with wide input voltage adaptability. It is configured to automatically adjust its operating state when the load current of the transmission line varies over a wide range (e.g., from tens of amperes to thousands of amperes), ensuring that its DC output voltage remains stable within a preset range (e.g., a stable 12V or 24V DC output), providing reliable power for subsequent circuits.

[0028] The energy storage module 3 (typically a lithium-ion battery or supercapacitor bank) is electrically connected to the DC output of the power management module 2. Its main function is to act as a backup power source for the system during periods of extremely low line current or brief power outages, ensuring the continuity of the warning function. The control module 4 (typically a microcontroller (MCU)) is electrically connected to both the power management module 2 and the energy storage module 3. It continuously monitors the electrical status (such as voltage and charge) of the energy storage module 3 and the ambient light intensity obtained through a photosensor.

[0029] The warning module 5 (typically a high-brightness LED navigation light) is electrically connected to the control module 4. The control module 4 determines whether it is day or night based on the ambient light intensity and, in conjunction with the power status of the energy storage module 3, intelligently controls the warning module 5 to emit aviation warning lights of a specific frequency and intensity. For example, it automatically illuminates at night or in low-light conditions, and reduces brightness or turns off during the day or in high-light conditions to save energy.

[0030] Understandably, this implementation method, by directly and non-contactly extracting energy from the transmission line itself, completely solves the problems of unstable power supply in rainy, foggy, or high-latitude regions, as well as the difficulty of battery replacement and maintenance associated with traditional solar power supply methods. Its core innovation lies in the power management module 2, which integrates a wide-range input voltage regulation unit. This module successfully overcomes the industry challenge of drastic voltage fluctuations caused by significant variations in transmission line load current, providing a clean and stable power supply to downstream electronic equipment, much like a voltage regulator. The entire system achieves energy self-sufficiency, adaptive intelligent control, and extremely low maintenance requirements, greatly improving the reliability and intelligence of aviation warning systems on transmission towers, and providing strong technical support for power grid safety and aviation safety.

[0031] In some embodiments, the energy harvesting module 1 mainly includes a magnetic core, an energy harvesting coil, and an insulating package. The magnetic core is a key component constituting the electromagnetic induction circuit, and it is made of a soft magnetic material with high permeability and low saturation magnetic flux density. For example, silicon steel sheets, permalloy (such as iron-nickel alloy), or amorphous or nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys can be selected. The high permeability ensures that the magnetic core can efficiently concentrate magnetic lines of force in the alternating magnetic field generated by the conductor current, thereby inducing a stronger electromotive force in the energy harvesting coil; while the low saturation magnetic flux density characteristic makes the magnetic core less prone to magnetic saturation when the circuit experiences short-term large currents (such as short-circuit current surges or load spikes), avoiding the sudden drop in induced voltage and loss of energy harvesting capability caused by magnetic saturation, and ensuring the stable operation of the module over a wide load current range.

[0032] The energy harvesting coil is constructed by winding insulated wire around the magnetic core, with the number of turns precisely designed according to the target energy harvesting power and output voltage requirements. The leads at both ends of the coil are used to connect to the subsequent power management module 2.

[0033] The insulating encapsulation body is formed from high-performance insulating materials (such as epoxy resin, silicone rubber, or special engineering plastics) through processes such as casting and molding, completely encapsulating the magnetic core and the energy harvesting coil wound on it, thus forming a robust integrated structure. This encapsulation design has multiple important functions: First, it provides excellent electrical insulation performance, ensuring that the energy harvesting module 1 can reliably isolate high potentials even when directly installed on high-voltage transmission lines, protecting the safety of the system and operators; second, it provides good mechanical protection and environmental sealing, resisting the corrosion of rain, moisture, ultraviolet rays, dust, and drastic temperature changes in the outdoor environment, greatly improving the long-term operational reliability and service life of the energy harvesting module 1; third, the integrated structure facilitates on-site installation, requiring only the entire unit to be fitted onto the conductor, eliminating the need for on-site assembly of internal precision components.

[0034] It is understood that the energy harvesting module 1 structure described in this embodiment achieves an optimal balance between electrical performance, safety, and environmental adaptability by employing magnetic core materials with specific properties and an integrated insulating encapsulation process. It successfully addresses the core challenges of non-contact energy harvesting from high-voltage transmission lines: it must efficiently sense weak power frequency magnetic fields (relying on a high-permeability magnetic core), withstand extreme currents that may occur in the line without damage or failure (relying on a low-saturation magnetic induction core and anti-saturation design), and simultaneously meet the stringent requirements of high-voltage insulation and long-term outdoor operation (relying on an integrated insulating encapsulation). This energy harvesting module 1 design, specifically optimized for the transmission line environment, is the fundamental cornerstone enabling the entire aviation warning system to achieve a "self-powered, maintenance-free, long-life" operating mode.

[0035] In some embodiments, the DC power supply module includes: Solar panels; Mounting framework; The solar panel is connected to the mounting frame, and the solar panel is made of high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon.

[0036] Understandably, the output of the solar panel is electrically connected to the power management module. The solar panel can convert light energy into DC power and transmit the DC power to the power management module, so that the power management module can use the DC power to power the warning module.

[0037] In some embodiments, to cope with the abnormal electrical shocks that may be caused by the complex electromagnetic environment of the transmission line, the power management module 2 also integrates an overvoltage protection unit and / or an overcurrent protection unit to provide multi-level protection for the core electronic circuit.

[0038] The overvoltage protection unit and / or overcurrent protection unit can be flexibly configured in one or all of the following key nodes according to protection requirements and circuit layout: It is connected between the energy harvesting module 1 and the subsequent rectifier unit (i.e., the power input terminal). In this position, the protection unit directly faces the original induced voltage and current from the energy harvesting coil.

[0039] It is connected to the output terminal (i.e., the regulated DC output terminal) of the wide-range input voltage regulation unit. In this position, the protection unit is used to ensure the ultimate purity and stability of the voltage and current output to the energy storage module 3 and the control module 4.

[0040] Specifically: Overvoltage protection units may include, but are not limited to, transient voltage suppression diodes, metal oxide varistors, or gas discharge tubes. When connected to the input terminal, they are mainly used to discharge instantaneous high voltage spikes caused by line lightning strikes, switching operations, etc., preventing them from damaging the subsequent rectification and voltage regulation circuits. When connected to the output terminal, they are mainly used to suppress output voltage surges that may be caused by sudden changes in downstream load or internal circuit faults.

[0041] The overcurrent protection unit may include, but is not limited to, fast-acting fuses, resettable fuses, or electronic overcurrent protection circuits. When connected to the input terminal, it mainly prevents input current overload caused by abnormal increase in line short-circuit current or failure of the energy harvesting module 1 itself. When connected to the output terminal, it mainly prevents output current overload caused by short circuit of the energy storage module 3 or short circuit of the load such as the warning module 5.

[0042] Understandably, this implementation, by adding dedicated overvoltage and overcurrent protection units at the aforementioned critical locations, constructs a crucial "safety barrier" for the entire power management system. The harsh environment of transmission lines makes them susceptible to lightning strikes, operational overvoltages, and severe load fluctuations, leading to unstable raw power quality from the energy harvesting module 1, which may contain destructive voltage and current components. These protection units can quickly respond and clamp or cut off abnormal energy, ensuring that the core wide-range input voltage regulation unit and other sensitive electronic components (such as control module 4 and energy storage batteries) are protected from damage. This significantly improves the robustness, durability, and maintenance-free operation of the entire aviation warning system in complex electromagnetic environments in the field, and is one of the key design features for achieving long-term (e.g., several years or even more than ten years) reliable and stable operation, effectively guaranteeing the uninterrupted performance of aviation warning functions.

[0043] In some embodiments, the core of the control module 4 is a microcontroller unit. This unit typically uses a low-power, high-reliability microcontroller chip, which integrates a processor core, memory, timers, and various digital and analog interfaces.

[0044] To acquire ambient light information for automatic light control, the control module 4 also includes a photosensor. This sensor is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit via signal lines and is typically constructed using a photoresistor or photodiode in conjunction with a signal conditioning circuit. It is mounted on the system housing at a light-accessible location to sense ambient light intensity in real time and transmits an electrical signal (such as voltage or digital signal) characterizing the light intensity to the microcontroller unit.

[0045] To monitor the system's energy storage status and achieve intelligent charge and discharge management, the control module 4 also includes a voltage detection circuit. This circuit is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit, and its input is connected across the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage module 3 (such as a battery pack). This circuit is specifically configured to detect the terminal voltage of the energy storage module 3. Specifically, it can be implemented using a precision resistor voltage divider network to proportionally attenuate the high battery voltage before connecting it to the microcontroller's analog-to-digital converter pin; alternatively, it can be an integrated fuel gauge chip that, in addition to voltage, can monitor current, estimate remaining charge, and exchange data with the microcontroller unit via a communication interface (such as I2C).

[0046] It is understandable that the hardware architecture of the control module 4 described in this embodiment provides a solid foundation for the intelligent and adaptive operation of the system. The microcontroller unit, as the computing and control center, continuously reads ambient light data from the photosensitive sensor, thereby accurately determining whether it is daytime, nighttime, or cloudy / rainy / foggy weather, providing a basis for deciding the on / off state and brightness of the warning module 5. Simultaneously, it accurately monitors the real-time voltage of the energy storage module 3 through a voltage detection circuit, thus determining its state of charge: when the voltage is too high (fully charged), it can instruct the power management module 2 to stop or reduce the charging current; when the voltage is too low (undervoltage), it can instruct the system to enter a low-power sleep state or issue a low-battery alarm to prevent battery over-discharge damage; during normal operation, it can dynamically adjust the warning light's operating mode (such as adjusting the flashing duty cycle) according to the battery level to optimize energy consumption. This intelligent control, integrating environmental perception and internal status monitoring, ensures that the system can operate stably and efficiently for a long time under various environmental conditions without human intervention, maximizing the lifespan of the energy storage module 3 and guaranteeing the reliability of the warning function.

[0047] In some embodiments, the warning module includes a reflector and a light source assembly with LED beads. To address the problems of low luminous efficiency and poor beam angle control in traditional light sources, this solution designs an innovative secondary optical system. This system positions the center of the light source assembly and the reflection center of the segmented reflector on the same central axis, forming a "center-to-center" layout, as described in [reference needed]. Figure 2 .

[0048] The warning module includes a reflector and a light source assembly with LED beads. The center of the light source assembly and the reflection center of the reflector are located on the same central axis. The reflector is a segmented reflector, which includes two reflector mirrors symmetrically arranged along the central axis. The reflector mirrors include a reflection area, a reflection area b, and a reflection area c. The a reflection area is directly opposite the light source assembly and is used to reflect light to the c reflection area. The c reflection area is used to reflect the light coming from the a reflection area as a first ray. The b reflection area is used to reflect the light emitted from the light source assembly as a second ray. The first ray and the second ray are parallel.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, the light source component design involves multiple LEDs arranged in a linear array and fixed on a linear thermally conductive substrate, which is then mounted on a linear thermally conductive base. This design not only meets the high light intensity output requirements but also forms an efficient heat conduction path through the thermally conductive substrate and base, rapidly dissipating the heat generated by the LEDs. This effectively avoids the "light decay" problem caused by insufficient heat dissipation, ensuring the long-term stability and lifespan of the light source.

[0050] like Figure 4 As shown, the segmented reflector design: the reflector extends symmetrically vertically along the central axis, surrounding the entire light-emitting area of ​​the light source. The key innovation lies in the fact that the reflector is divided into at least three segments (e.g., three segments), each with a specific curved shape, used to directionally change the light emission angle and light intensity distribution curve. The specific optical path is as follows: For the effective light-emitting area at the center of the light source that is blocked by the near end of the reflector (which can be called the a-reflection area), the light is designed to first be projected onto a specific area inside the reflector. After one reflection in this area, it is then guided to a non-effective reflection area at the far end of the reflector (which can be called the c-reflection area). Through the secondary reflection in the c-area, the light that might otherwise be lost is finally converted into parallel or nearly parallel effective signal light.

[0051] For the effective light-emitting area (referred to as the b-reflection area) around the unobstructed light source, the light is directly reflected once by the corresponding section of the reflector and converted into effective signal light.

[0052] Through the aforementioned sophisticated "segmented-secondary reflection" optical design, the technical challenge of "blocking of secondary reflected light by the array light source components" has been successfully solved. This efficiently converts the discrete light distribution of the LED's Gaussian sphere into a concentrated, parallel linear beam, maximizing light energy utilization. Actual measurements show that, while meeting the same regulatory brightness requirements, it can save approximately 25% more energy than traditional designs. Furthermore, by adjusting the axial distance between the center of the light source and the reflection center of the reflector, the vertical diffusion angle of the beam can be easily calibrated and set, ultimately determining the overall size of the product.

[0053] Specifically, the reflector includes a top wall extending longitudinally, a beam splitting portion formed in the transverse middle of the top wall and extending longitudinally, and a first side wall and a second side wall formed on both transverse sides of the top wall and extending longitudinally, respectively. The beam-splitting section has two intersecting and symmetrical inclined surfaces; The light source assembly is an LED line light source, which is configured to be parallel to the top wall and have its light emission direction facing the beam splitter.

[0054] Understandably, the light emitted by the LED line light source (the initial beam) directly illuminates the two symmetrical inclined surfaces of the beam splitter. After being reflected by these two inclined surfaces, the light is guided to the first and second sidewalls, respectively. After being reflected again by the sidewalls (or emitted directly in some designs), the light is further shaped and finally exits from the opening side of the reflector, forming an outgoing light band that extends longitudinally, has a certain divergence angle laterally, but is relatively collimated overall—that is, the collimated beam. The symmetrical inclined surface design of the beam splitter helps to evenly distribute the light emitted by the light source to both sides, while the longitudinal extension structure of the entire reflector ensures the continuity of the light field in the long direction.

[0055] By combining an LED line light source with a line light source reflector having specific beam splitters and sidewalls, this embodiment provides a compact and highly efficient collimating optical solution. This design provides a collimated beam foundation for subsequent optical mechanisms, ensuring adequate horizontal coverage angles and well-controlled vertical divergence angles. It is a key component in achieving high-performance optical output for the entire warning system.

[0056] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, power management module 2 includes an energy module responsible for energy acquisition, conversion, and storage, serving as the power foundation for the continuous operation of the entire system. The energy module includes: Solar panels: As the primary energy source, they convert solar energy into electrical energy.

[0057] Battery pack: As an energy storage unit, it typically uses high-energy-density, long-cycle-life lithium-ion batteries to store excess energy generated by solar panels and to power the system when there is no sunlight.

[0058] Charge / Discharge Management Circuit: This circuit is one of the core components of energy management, responsible for intelligent charging and discharging protection of the battery pack. It monitors battery voltage, current, and temperature to prevent overcharging, over-discharging, overcurrent, and short circuits, ensuring battery safety and extending its lifespan.

[0059] MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) power tracking circuit: This circuit is key to improving solar energy utilization efficiency. It monitors the output voltage and current of the solar panel in real time and dynamically adjusts its operating point through algorithms, ensuring that the solar panel always operates at maximum output power, thereby maximizing energy harvesting efficiency even under low light conditions.

[0060] Furthermore, the power management module 2 also includes a signal and positioning module.

[0061] The signal and positioning module provides the system with accurate spatiotemporal references and environmental status information, which is a prerequisite for realizing intelligent control and remote management. The signal and positioning module includes: The BeiDou satellite signal receiving module and satellite antenna together constitute a high-precision positioning and timing system. This module not only acquires precise geographical location information for asset management and location reporting, but more importantly, it receives Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) signals transmitted by the BeiDou satellites, providing the system with an absolute time reference with millisecond-level accuracy. This enables the equipment to achieve complete synchronization of flashing frequency and start / stop times across the country and even globally without manual time calibration, meeting the needs of applications with strict timing requirements, such as aviation warnings.

[0062] Ambient light sensor: Used to sense the light intensity of the surrounding environment in real time. Its output signal is the main basis for control module 4 to determine day / night and decide the working mode (on / off / dimming) of equipment (such as warning lights).

[0063] Furthermore, the power management module 2 also includes a control and logic unit, which includes an MCU (microcontroller) logic and arithmetic unit. The MCU logic and arithmetic unit receives ambient light data and time information from the signal and positioning module, as well as status data such as battery level and input voltage from the energy module. Based on a preset intelligent algorithm, the MCU comprehensively analyzes this information and outputs control commands. These commands include: controlling the operating state of the charge and discharge management circuit, driving the constant current source for stable output, generating PWM (pulse width modulation) signals to achieve intelligent dimming (e.g., automatically adjusting LED brightness or switching on / off based on ambient light), and uploading device status via the 4G interface.

[0064] Furthermore, the power management module 2 also includes an optional 4G module interface. A standardized 4G communication module interface is reserved. When a 4G module is inserted, the device gains remote wireless communication capabilities. The MCU can use the 4G network to periodically or in real-time report device status (such as geographical location, battery level, solar input power, operating mode, fault codes, etc.) to a remote monitoring center, and receive parameter configurations or control commands from the monitoring center, enabling remote monitoring, diagnosis, and maintenance of the device.

[0065] It is understood that the power management module 2 described in this embodiment deeply integrates charge / discharge management, efficient MPPT tracking, constant current output drive, and MCU-based intelligent control into a complete, efficient, and adaptive energy management and device control solution. It not only maximizes energy acquisition efficiency through MPPT technology and ensures energy storage safety and lifespan through intelligent charge / discharge management, but also achieves precise intelligent control based on absolute time and real environmental conditions (such as precise synchronized flashing and light-controlled start / stop) by integrating BeiDou time synchronization and environmental perception. Its modular design, especially the optional 4G communication capability, endows the device with remotely manageable and controllable IoT characteristics, greatly improving post-deployment operation and maintenance efficiency and reliability. This module effectively solves a series of problems faced by outdoor electronic equipment, such as unstable power supply, unintelligent control, and high maintenance costs, and is the core technical support for achieving the goal of "deployment without management and long-term maintenance-free operation."

[0066] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the warning system also includes a battery box. In this embodiment, the battery box is a shared battery box. Specifically, the top cover of the battery box can serve as an omnidirectional 360° aviation obstruction light mounting platform, and the side of the battery box can serve as a directional aviation obstruction light mounting platform, allowing one battery box to be used for multiple types of aviation obstruction lights. The interior of the battery box serves as the installation space for the battery components and integrated intelligent power module. The bottom of the battery box and the solar panel share a mounting platform, which allows for both horizontal and angle adjustment of the solar panel and, after adjustment, installation of the battery box body.

[0067] When the battery box is used as a shared platform, since the integrated intelligent power supply has been moved to the battery box, it is equivalent to the battery box serving as a shared lamp housing. This allows the aviation obstruction light housing components to be removed, leaving only the optical system. This reduces the overall weight and physical space required, making installation more flexible.

[0068] It should be noted that the battery box is compatible with both omnidirectional 360° and directional 90° products. When a specific project requires an omnidirectional 360° aviation obstruction light, the battery box base serves as the mounting platform. The mounting bracket is installed on the bottom of the battery box, and the aviation obstruction light is installed on the side of the battery box away from the mounting bracket (e.g., Figure 6 When the side of the battery box is used as the mounting platform, it can be used as a 90° oriented product, with the mounting bracket installed on the side wall of the battery box (e.g., Figure 7 ).

[0069] Compare the advantages and disadvantages of existing split-type installation methods with our integrated installation method.

[0070] In related technologies, aviation obstruction lights (i.e., warning modules) and power supplies (such as solar power) are installed separately, connected by a bus cable. However, this separate installation poses significant safety hazards. Specifically, most aviation obstruction lights currently installed on ultra-high voltage power transmission towers are solar-powered separate installations, where the solar power system is installed on the tower's high platform, and the warning lights are installed at different heights, connected by a bus cable. However, this method is difficult to implement and costly. Furthermore, the bus cables are too long, making them prone to detachment from the cable clips, resulting in cable breakage or detachment. When the cables detach or break, the lights may malfunction, and the detached cables may even become entangled in the power transmission lines, creating a secondary major safety hazard.

[0071] This application integrates the aviation obstruction light into the battery box, and this integrated structure can effectively avoid the secondary safety hazards that may be caused by the separate bus.

[0072] According to an embodiment of the second aspect of this application, an intelligent control method for the aforementioned dedicated aviation warning system for power transmission towers is provided. This method achieves fully automatic, adaptive, and long-term reliable operation of the system under unattended conditions through precise coordination of energy harvesting, status monitoring, and functional output.

[0073] like Figure 8 As shown, the control method includes the following steps: Step S1: Energy Acquisition and Storage. After the system is powered on, the energy acquisition module 1 continuously acquires AC power from the installed transmission lines. This raw AC power first enters the power management module 2. The rectifier unit within the module converts it into pulsating DC power, which is then processed by the core wide-range input voltage regulation unit. Regardless of changes in the conductor load current, this unit can stabilize the voltage at a preset DC output voltage (e.g., 12V). This stable power provides real-time operating power for the entire system and also charges the energy storage module 3 (such as a lithium battery pack), storing excess energy. Alternatively, DC power can be acquired from the DC power supply module and converted by the power management module to charge the energy storage module.

[0074] Step S2: Continuous Status Monitoring. The microcontroller unit of control module 4 enters a low-power operation cycle and periodically (e.g., once per second) samples the voltage through its connected voltage detection circuit to obtain the real-time remaining power value V_bat of energy storage module 3 (usually obtained by measuring the terminal voltage and looking up a table or calculating). Simultaneously, the ambient light intensity value L_amb is acquired in real time through a photosensor. These two parameters are the core basis for the system's intelligent decision-making.

[0075] Step S3: Judging working conditions. The microcontroller unit compares the monitored V_bat with a preset first preset threshold V_th1. V_th1 is usually set to a safe power value when the energy storage module 3 is nearly full or sufficient to support long-term operation (for example, corresponding to 80% of the state of charge SOC of the battery). At the same time, L_amb is compared with a second preset threshold L_th. L_th is usually set to the light level corresponding to dusk, night or恶劣低光照天气(这里原文“恶劣低光照天气”未明确英文,可根据实际情况补充,比如severe low-light weather). Only when both conditions of V_bat ≥ V_th1 (sufficient power) and L_amb < L_th (warning is required due to dim environment) are met simultaneously, the system determines that the conditions for starting the warning function are met, and then step S4 is executed. If either condition is not met, it returns to step S2 for continuous monitoring, and at this time the warning module 5 remains off to save power.

[0076] Step S4: Activating the standard warning mode. When the judgment result of step S3 is "yes", the control module 4 issues a control signal through its output port to control the warning module 5 to enter the first working mode. In this mode, the warning module 5 (usually a high-brightness LED array) emits eye-catching red or white aviation warning lights at a first preset flashing frequency (such as 60 times per minute, meeting aviation standards) and a first luminous intensity (full power). <�

[0077] Step S5: Monitoring power during operation. During the continuous operation of the warning module 5, the control module 4 does not stop monitoring. To ensure that the energy storage module 3 is not damaged due to over-discharge, the microcontroller unit continues to monitor the remaining power value V_bat.

[0078] Step S6: Switching to the low-power mode and protection. The microcontroller unit compares the real-time power V_bat with a lower third preset threshold V_th2, where V_th2 < V_th1. V_th2 is usually set to the critical low-power protection point of the energy storage module 3 (for example, corresponding to 20% of the battery SOC). When it is judged that V_bat drops to ≤ V_th2, it indicates that the power is about to run out. At this time, the control module 4 will perform a protective operation: control the warning module 5 to enter the second working mode or directly turn it off. The second working mode is an energy-saving mode, and its flashing frequency and / or luminous intensity are lower than those of the first working mode. For example, the flashing frequency is halved, the brightness is reduced to 30%, or in the case of extremely high energy-saving requirements, only a very low-duty-cycle dim light flashing is maintained. Its main purpose is to extend the warning function as much as possible while reserving a minimum amount of safe power to maintain the basic monitoring function of the system or wait for charging after the line current resumes.

[0079] It is understandable that this control method constructs a highly intelligent and energy-optimized closed-loop control system by introducing a composite decision logic based on two parameters (battery power V_bat and ambient light L_amb) and a stepped output control based on battery power grading (V_th1 and V_th2). It ensures that the warning function is only activated when there is "sufficient energy" and "environmental need", fundamentally avoiding unnecessary energy consumption, and greatly extending the service life (cycle times) of the energy storage module 3 through "shallow charge and discharge" management (circulating between V_th1 and V_th2) and low battery protection of the energy storage module 3. This enables the entire system to fully rely on the unstable and intermittent energy obtained from the transmission line to achieve reliable warning throughout the year, completely getting rid of the dependence on external maintenance such as solar energy and regular battery replacement, and is the key intelligent center for the aviation warning system to realize its core values of "self-powered, maintenance-free, and long life".

[0080] Specifically, during the judgment process of step S3, in addition to the two situations described before, the microcontroller unit of the control module 4 also needs to handle a specific composite condition. This condition is that the remaining battery power value V_bat does not reach the first preset threshold V_th1 (i.e., V_bat < V_th1), but at the same time the ambient light intensity value L_amb is lower than the second preset threshold L_th (i.e., L_amb < L_th).

[0081] When the algorithm logic of the microcontroller unit determines that the current state meets this composite condition, it means that the system is in a contradictory state of "environmental need for warning but insufficient energy reserve". In this case, the control module 4 will execute a clear priority decision: Control the warning module 5 to remain closed. Even if the ambient light conditions have met the activation requirements, the control module 4 will not send an opening instruction to the warning module 5. This is to avoid starting the high-power LED warning light when the battery power is already insufficient, resulting in the energy storage module 3 being accelerated to discharge to a lower dangerous battery power level, and even possibly causing over-discharge damage.

[0082] Give priority to charging the energy storage module 3. The system will maintain or enter an operating state with charging as the core task. The control module 4 can instruct the power management module 2 to charge the energy storage module 3 with the maximum safe current, while itself maintaining a monitoring mode with the lowest power consumption. At this time, all available electrical energy obtained from the transmission wire will be efficiently used to increase the voltage of the energy storage module 3 (i.e., V_bat), so that it can quickly recover to a safe battery power level (above V_th1) sufficient to support long-term warning work.

[0083] Understandably, the decision branch and execution logic introduced in this implementation reflects the core principle of "survival over function" in system design. In harsh outdoor environments, ensuring the sustainability of the system's energy supply is a fundamental prerequisite for its long-term performance of its warning duties. Forcibly activating the warning when the power is insufficient may meet functional requirements in the short term, but could lead to deep discharge and permanent damage to the energy storage module 3, ultimately causing the entire system to fail. This solution intelligently suppresses functional output and prioritizes energy replenishment, concentrating limited and unstable induced energy for "restoring strength," enabling the system to safely weather periods of energy scarcity, such as light line load (weak charging capacity) or continuous rainy or dark nights (high power consumption). Once the power is restored to above V_th1, the system will automatically resume its normal functional decision-making process. This strategy greatly enhances the system's robustness and self-recovery capability in complex operating conditions, and is one of the key intelligent strategies for ensuring the aviation warning system achieves its "maintenance-free, long-life" goal.

[0084] In some embodiments, the control method further includes the following steps during operation of the warning module 5 (e.g., when it is in a first or second operating mode): Step S100: Monitor the measured light intensity of the warning module 5.

[0085] To achieve this function, a built-in photosensitive sensor or light feedback unit for monitoring the output light intensity is provided inside the warning module 5 or on the outside of its light-emitting surface (such as an LED light source). This sensor is not directly exposed to the external environment to avoid ambient light interference; instead, it is arranged to stably receive a small amount of light signal guided by the internal optical path of the module (such as a reflector cup or light guide plate) or directly coupled from the light-emitting surface. The control module 4 uses this sensor to periodically acquire the measured light intensity value of the warning module 5 during operation.

[0086] Step S200: Calculate and determine light intensity attenuation.

[0087] After reading the measured light intensity value, the microcontroller unit of control module 4 compares it with a expected light intensity threshold. This expected light intensity threshold can be a preset fixed value (representing the standard light intensity that should be achieved in the current operating mode under clean, unobstructed conditions), or it can be a theoretical value dynamically calculated based on parameters such as drive current and operating mode. The microcontroller unit calculates the ratio of the measured light intensity to the expected light intensity threshold (e.g., measured value / expected value), or calculates the difference between the two. Subsequently, this calculation result is compared with a preset attenuation condition threshold.

[0088] For example, the attenuation condition can be set such that when the ratio is below 70% (or the difference exceeds a predetermined value), the current measured light intensity meets the attenuation condition. This indicates that although the electrical drive of the warning module 5 is normal, its actual emitted light flux has been significantly reduced due to physical obstruction (most likely ice, frost, fog, or thick dust), failing to achieve the expected warning effect.

[0089] Step S300: Start the intelligent de-icing operation.

[0090] When the microcontroller unit determines that the measured light intensity meets the attenuation condition, it automatically triggers the de-icing procedure. Control module 4 first outputs a control signal to activate the electric heating unit integrated into the control and warning module 5. The electric heating unit can be a transparent conductive film (such as an ITO film) applied to the inner surface of the lampshade, or a miniature heating wire wrapped around the outer edge of the lampshade or the lens mounting ring. When powered on, this unit generates heat, uniformly heating the surface of the lampshade or lens, causing the ice, frost, or fog droplets attached to it to melt or evaporate. The de-icing operation can continue for a preset time, or be controlled in a closed loop by a temperature sensor, until the estimated ice layer has been removed.

[0091] Understandably, this implementation method creatively solves the persistent industry problem of drastically reduced reliability of aviation warning lights in high-altitude and high-humidity regions due to icing by adding a feedback closed loop based on measured light intensity and an automatic de-icing function. Traditional warning lights, once iced, experience a significant drop in effective light intensity, sometimes even to zero, posing a serious safety hazard. Furthermore, maintenance relies on manual climbing, resulting in high costs and risks. This solution, by "diagnosing" its own light output efficiency in real time within the system, can automatically and accurately identify faults in the early stages of icing and immediately activate built-in physical removal mechanisms, achieving unmanned operation throughout the entire process from intelligent fault diagnosis to automatic repair. This ensures that the warning light signal remains clear and effective under any severe weather conditions, greatly enhancing the system's adaptability to all regions and climates and its maintenance autonomy. It represents a significant technological innovation for ensuring aviation safety and stable power grid operation.

[0092] In some embodiments, in step S200, when the control module 4 (specifically executed by its microcontroller unit) compares the measured light intensity of the warning module 5 with the expected light intensity threshold, the attenuation condition used is specifically defined as one of the following two mathematical logic relationships or both: Ratio determination criteria: Calculate the ratio of the measured light intensity to the expected light intensity threshold. When this ratio is lower than a preset light intensity attenuation threshold (e.g., 0.7 or 70%), the attenuation condition is deemed met. This threshold is typically set based on the maximum relative attenuation allowed for the warning light signal to be effectively identified.

[0093] Difference determination criteria: Calculate the difference between the measured light intensity and the expected light intensity threshold. When this difference is greater than a preset light intensity deviation threshold (e.g., a certain value in corresponding light intensity units), the attenuation condition is deemed met. This threshold is usually determined based on the system's measurement noise and the range of absolute light intensity changes caused by normal aging.

[0094] Understandably, this implementation provides a sensitive and reliable triggering basis for intelligent de-icing decisions by clearly defining dual judgment criteria based on ratios and differences. Ratio judgment focuses on the relative rate of change, effectively identifying a proportional decrease in overall light intensity caused by uniform icing, and its judgment criterion automatically adapts to the current operating mode (full power or energy-saving mode) of the warning module 5. Difference judgment focuses on the absolute amount of change, being more sensitive to sudden drops in local light intensity caused by severe local occlusion (such as ice nodules). The two conditions can be used in combination, using a logical "OR" relationship to ensure that the system can promptly initiate de-icing operations whenever either criterion is triggered, thus avoiding the risk of missed judgments that may exist with a single judgment criterion (for example, in low-brightness operating mode, the absolute difference may be small, but the relative ratio has significantly decreased). This refined, multi-parameter judgment logic enables the system to more accurately and promptly perceive optical performance degradation caused by icing, frost, or severe contamination, greatly improving the accuracy and intelligence of the automatic de-icing function. This is the core algorithm guarantee for ensuring that the aviation warning system maintains optimal optical performance in harsh environments.

[0095] In some embodiments, step S300 specifically includes the following closed-loop control process: First, when the control module 4 determines that the measured light intensity meets the attenuation condition (i.e., the presence of icing or other obstructions is determined through step S200), the microcontroller unit immediately generates a control command to start the electric heating unit with a first heating power P1. The first heating power P1 is a preset value, optimized to effectively melt ice or eliminate frost in typical low-temperature environments, while also considering the energy supply capacity of the system (especially the energy storage module 3), preventing rapid depletion of power due to excessive de-icing power consumption.

[0096] Even after the electric heating unit is activated and begins heating the lampshade or lens surface, the system does not cease monitoring. Control module 4 continues to operate its built-in or dedicated photosensor, continuously monitoring the measured light intensity of the warning module 5 during the operation of the electric heating unit. This monitoring can be periodic (e.g., several times per second) to ensure real-time awareness of light intensity recovery.

[0097] Finally, the system automatically determines whether de-icing is complete based on monitoring feedback. Control module 4 compares the real-time measured light intensity with two reference values: Expected light intensity threshold: the standard light intensity value that this working mode should achieve under clean conditions.

[0098] A preset recovery threshold: This value is usually set slightly lower than or equal to the expected light intensity threshold, which may introduce a certain hysteresis to prevent the electric heating unit from frequently starting and stopping due to small fluctuations near the critical point.

[0099] When the measured light intensity recovers to or exceeds the expected light intensity threshold, or reaches the preset recovery threshold, it indicates that the ice layer has been basically melted or eliminated, and the optical path has been effectively restored. At this time, the control module 4 determines that the de-icing target has been achieved, and then outputs a command to shut down the electric heating unit to stop heating and save energy.

[0100] Understandably, this implementation method, by introducing a closed-loop control strategy of "setting power to start, continuous monitoring and feedback, and automatic stopping upon reaching the target," upgrades the de-icing operation from simple timed heating to effect-based intelligent process control. It effectively avoids two drawbacks of traditional timed heating: first, insufficient heating time, resulting in incomplete ice removal and persistent problems; second, excessive heating time, leading to significant energy waste and potentially accelerating lampshade material aging or creating thermal stress risks due to overheating. By using light intensity recovery as a direct and objective physical indicator to stop heating, the system can accurately control the "heat" of de-icing, ensuring optimal de-icing results with minimal energy consumption. This adaptive capability allows the system to handle different thicknesses and types of icing, maximizing energy efficiency while ensuring functional reliability, further solidifying the core advantages of the aviation warning system—"high reliability and maintenance-free"—in extreme environments.

[0101] In some embodiments, prior to step S300, the method further includes: S250: Obtain the current remaining power of the energy storage module 3; Before performing any further operations, the microcontroller unit of the control module 4 first obtains the current remaining power value (or equivalent state of charge, SOC) of the energy storage module 3 through its connected voltage detection circuit.

[0102] S251: Determine whether the current remaining power is higher than a preset de-icing operation power threshold; Specifically, step S300 is performed only when the current remaining power is higher than the de-icing operation power threshold.

[0103] The microcontroller unit compares the current remaining battery power obtained in the previous step with a specially set battery power threshold for de-icing operations. This threshold is a preset safety boundary value, typically set higher than the minimum battery power required to maintain basic system monitoring functions, and fully considers the energy consumption required to complete a typical de-icing operation. The specific value of this threshold is optimized based on the power of the electric heating unit, the expected de-icing time, and the overall power consumption model of the system.

[0104] Step S300 (starting the electric heating unit to perform the de-icing operation) will only be executed if the judgment result of step S251 is "yes", that is, "the current remaining power is higher than the power threshold of the de-icing operation". Conversely, if the judgment result is "no" (that is, the power is lower than or equal to the threshold), even if step S200 has determined that the light intensity attenuation condition is met, the control module 4 will suppress the start of the de-icing operation and may instead record a fault log of "insufficient power, de-icing deferred".

[0105] Understandably, the power safety verification step introduced in this implementation injects a crucial "prudential" principle into the energy management of the entire system. It ensures that the high-power de-icing function will not be triggered when the system's energy reserves are insufficient, thus avoiding the catastrophic consequence of a single de-icing operation depleting all the power of the energy storage module 3, leading to a complete system shutdown and loss of aviation warning functions. This design clarifies the priority of system functions: maintaining the continuous operation of core warning and monitoring functions takes precedence over performing auxiliary cleaning / de-icing functions. When power is sufficient, the system actively maintains its optical performance (automatic de-icing); when power is scarce, the system prioritizes "survival," using limited energy to maintain the most critical warning light flashing and status monitoring, waiting for the line current to recover and the energy storage module 3's power to rise to a safe level before attempting to resolve the icing problem. This intelligent decision-making based on energy budget significantly improves the system's survivability and overall reliability under extreme conditions such as continuous severe weather (e.g., prolonged freezing with light line load), and is a crucial guarantee for the system to achieve truly intelligent and autonomous operation.

[0106] In some embodiments, the control method further includes: S400: Monitors ambient temperature and humidity; The aviation warning system is equipped with temperature and humidity sensors. These sensors can be installed on the system housing in well-ventilated locations that accurately reflect external atmospheric conditions and are electrically connected to the microcontroller unit of the control module 4. The control module 4 continuously or periodically monitors the ambient temperature (T_env) and ambient humidity (H_env) at the installation location of the warning device.

[0107] S500: When the ambient temperature is lower than a freezing point temperature threshold and the ambient humidity is higher than a humidity threshold, it is determined that there is an icing risk; The microcontroller unit of the control module 4 compares the monitored environmental data with the preset thresholds and performs logical judgments. Specifically, it checks two conditions simultaneously: 1) whether the ambient temperature T_env is lower than a freezing point temperature threshold T_ice (for example, set to 2°C to provide a safety margin for icing); 2) whether the ambient humidity H_env is higher than a humidity threshold H_humid (for example, relative humidity of 80%, indicating sufficient moisture in the air). When and only when both of these conditions are met (i.e., T_env < T_ice and H_env > H_humid), the microcontroller unit determines that there is a high icing risk at present. At this time, once the supercooled water droplets in the air come into contact with the surface of the lamp cover whose temperature is lower than the freezing point, icing or frosting is very likely to occur.

[0108] S600: Control the intermittent operation of the electric heating unit with a second heating power P2 to keep the outer surface temperature of the warning module 5 above the freezing point; where the second heating power P2 is less than the first heating power P1.

[0109] Once it is determined that there is an icing risk, the control module 4 will no longer passively wait for the light intensity to decay, but will actively initiate preventive measures and control the intermittent operation of the electric heating unit with a second heating power P2. Here, the intermittent operation refers to a periodic or temperature-feedback-based start-stop control mode. For example, heat for 10 seconds and stop for 50 seconds, and cycle; or turn on the heating when the surface temperature of the lamp cover is lower than a certain set point and turn it off when it reaches that point. The core control objective is to keep the outer surface (especially the lamp cover or lens) temperature of the warning module 5 above the freezing point (0°C), thereby physically eliminating the conditions for icing. The second heating power P2 is set to be less than the first heating power P1. This is because preventive heat preservation only needs to compensate for the heat loss on the surface to maintain a temperature slightly above the freezing point, and the energy required is much less than the energy required to melt the already formed solid ice layer (de-icing operation).

[0110] Understandably, this implementation method elevates the system's protective capabilities from reactive remediation to proactive prevention by introducing a predictive maintenance strategy based on environmental perception. Traditional reactive de-icing only takes effect after ice has formed and light intensity has decreased, resulting in a temporary functional failure window and high energy consumption. This solution, however, initiates intermittent active heating at a low power (P2) as soon as the physical conditions for icing appear (low temperature and high humidity), essentially providing "electrical heating insulation" to the outer surface of the warning module 5, ensuring its surface temperature remains above the dew point and freezing point, thus fundamentally preventing the formation of ice and frost. Compared to reactive de-icing (requiring high power P1), this mode has lower overall energy consumption, places less pressure on the energy storage module 3, and ensures that the warning light intensity does not decrease due to icing, achieving uninterrupted, high-quality warnings. Simultaneously, the gentle intermittent heating mode also helps extend the lifespan of the electric heating unit. This reflects the system's forward-looking design and refined energy management philosophy, significantly enhancing its applicability and reliability in cold and humid regions.

[0111] In some embodiments, such as Figure 9 As shown, the warning module includes: The light source unit is used to emit the initial beam of light; A focusing unit is disposed in the light output path of the light source unit and is used to convert the initial light beam into a collimated light beam; An optical mechanism is disposed in the light output path of the focusing unit. The optical mechanism has at least two working states and has different optical effects on the collimated beam in different working states, so as to adjust the collimated beam into a first output beam with a first divergence angle or a second output beam with a second divergence angle, wherein the first divergence angle is smaller than the second divergence angle. The controller, electrically connected to the light source unit and the optical mechanism, is configured to control the light source unit and the optical mechanism to work together to alternately generate the first emitted beam and the second emitted beam, thereby forming an optical output with alternating beam divergence angles.

[0112] It is understood that the optical mechanism has at least two operating states, and applies different optical effects to the incident collimated beam in different operating states, thereby outputting an outgoing beam with different divergence angles. Specifically: In the first operating state, the optical mechanism causes little or no change to the optical path of the collimated beam, so that the emitted beam maintains its collimation characteristics, thereby outputting a first emitted beam with a first divergence angle. This first divergence angle is small, the beam is relatively concentrated, and it has a high axial luminous intensity, making it suitable for long-distance identification.

[0113] In the second operating state, the optical mechanism (e.g., by introducing a negative lens, a diffuser, or changing the curvature of the reflector mirror) significantly increases the divergence angle of the beam, thereby adjusting the collimated beam into a second emitted beam with a second divergence angle. This second divergence angle is significantly larger than the first divergence angle, resulting in a more dispersed beam and a more uniform light intensity distribution, making it suitable for close to medium distance observation and less prone to glare.

[0114] The specific implementation of the optical mechanism can be an electro-zoom lens, a deformable mirror based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), or a diffusion optical element that can be moved in and out of the optical path by being driven by a micro motor / piezoelectric actuator.

[0115] The controller is electrically connected to both the light source unit and the optical mechanism. The controller is configured to execute specific cooperative control logic: it synchronously controls the on / off state of the light source unit and the switching of the working state of the optical mechanism according to a preset timing sequence. For example, the controller first controls the optical mechanism to switch to the first working state and illuminates the light source unit for a period of time (T1), at which time the system outputs the first emitted beam (narrow angle, long-range). Subsequently, the controller controls the optical mechanism to quickly switch to the second working state and keeps the light source unit illuminated for another period of time (T2), at which time the system outputs the second emitted beam (wide angle, anti-glare). By periodically repeating this process (T1-on-narrow angle, T2-on-wide angle, T1-on-narrow angle, T2-on-wide angle…), the system produces an optical output with alternating beam divergence angles. From the observer's perspective, this manifests as an alternating visual effect of "long beam (narrow angle long-range) - short beam (wide angle diffused) - long beam - short beam".

[0116] In other words, this application, through the coordinated control of the light source and optical mechanism by the controller, enables a single system to alternately output narrow-angle focused beams and wide-angle soft beams, thus simultaneously meeting the needs of long-distance high-penetration identification and medium-to-close-range anti-glare observation, resolving the contradiction of traditional fixed-beam systems. Furthermore, the regular alternation of the beam divergence angle (e.g., "narrow-wide-narrow-wide") itself constitutes an easily identifiable optical coding method that transcends fixed-frequency flickering. The controller can encode the sequence of beam alternation according to more complex protocols (e.g., using a long-duration narrow-angle beam to represent a "dash" and a short-duration wide-angle beam to represent a "dot"), thereby achieving optical communication based on Morse code or other simple protocols. This can be used to transmit equipment status, location codes, or simple commands, greatly enriching the information transmission capabilities of aviation warning systems.

[0117] Furthermore, control methods also include: In response to optical communication commands, it enters communication control mode; Controllers typically have multiple operating modes, such as a regular alert mode and a test mode. When the controller receives a specific optical communication command from within the system (such as a timer or status sensor) or from the outside (such as a remote control signal), it switches from the current mode to the communication control mode, preparing to execute information encoding and transmission tasks.

[0118] In the communication control mode, the communication information to be sent is acquired; The controller retrieves the communication information to be sent from its storage unit or received instructions. This information can be a simple status code (such as a device ID or fault code), a short text message encoded into a data stream, or a specific control instruction.

[0119] According to a predetermined encoding rule, the communication information is converted into a corresponding beam control sequence, which is used to indicate the timing of alternating generation of the first emitted beam and the second emitted beam. The controller internally stores or pre-sets encoding rules. These rules define how each bit or symbol of the communication information is mapped to specific requirements for the beam state (narrow angle or wide angle) and its duration (or duty cycle). For example, binary encoding can be used, with "long-duration narrow-angle beam" representing the digit "1" and "short-duration wide-angle beam" representing the digit "0"; or a more complex protocol such as Manchester encoding can be used. By applying these encoding rules, the controller converts the acquired communication information into a detailed beam control sequence. This sequence is essentially a list containing timing information and status instructions, precisely indicating when, for what duration, and alternately the first emitted beam (narrow angle) and the second emitted beam (wide angle).

[0120] According to the beam control sequence, the light source unit and the optical mechanism are controlled to work together to generate and transmit an optical signal carrying the communication information with an alternating beam divergence angle. The controller synchronously and precisely controls the on / off state of the light source unit (such as an LED) and the switching of the working state of the optical mechanism (such as a zoom lens assembly, an electronic dimming diffuser, or a turntable assembly) according to the generated beam control sequence. Both operate in strict coordination according to the sequence's prescribed timing: when the sequence indicates a narrow-angle beam output, the controller controls the optical mechanism to switch to a state producing a small divergence angle (first divergence angle) and illuminates the light source; when the sequence indicates a wide-angle beam output, it controls the optical mechanism to switch to a state producing a large divergence angle (second divergence angle) and similarly illuminates the light source (or adjusts the brightness as needed). This cycle repeats until the entire sequence is completed.

[0121] The control method in this embodiment combines the dynamic adjustment capability of the beam divergence angle with information encoding technology, enabling the aviation warning system to break through the traditional limitation of only being able to emit fixed warning signals. This achieves direct visible light-based information transmission (optical communication) without the need for radio spectrum licenses. This provides a novel, reliable, and low-cost communication method for specific scenarios (such as remote status reporting, simplified command transmission, and non-RF communication with nearby aircraft), significantly expanding the system's application value and intelligence level.

[0122] In some embodiments, the predetermined encoding rule includes: mapping information bit "0" to a light emission event that generates the first emitted beam once, and mapping information bit "1" to a light emission event that generates the second emitted beam once; or,

[0123] The information bit "0" is mapped to a light emission pattern in which the first emitted beam and the second emitted beam are alternately generated at a first frequency, and the information bit "1" is mapped to a light emission pattern in which the first emitted beam and the second emitted beam are alternately generated at a second frequency, wherein the first frequency and the second frequency are different.

[0124] It is understood that this embodiment provides two optional implementation methods for the encoding rules: First encoding rule implementation: Direct mapping based on beam type

[0125] Under this rule, the basic unit of information (bit) is directly associated with the type of beam in a single emission event.

[0126] The information bit "0" is mapped to a light emission event that generates the first emitted beam (e.g., a narrow-angle beam). This means that when it is necessary to send bit "0", the controller controls the optical mechanism and the light source unit to work together to output a beam with a first divergence angle, the duration of which can be a preset fixed duration (T_bit).

[0127] The information bit "1" is mapped to a light emission event that generates the second emitted beam (e.g., a wide-angle beam). Accordingly, when it is necessary to send the bit "1", the controller controls the output of a beam with a second divergence angle for a duration of T_bit (or another preset duration).

[0128] According to this rule, a binary information sequence (such as "10110") will be converted into a beam control sequence, instructing the system to output the corresponding type of beam in the order of "wide-angle-narrow-angle-wide-angle-narrow-angle", with the duration of each beam representing one bit period.

[0129] The second encoding rule implementation method: based on alternating frequency mapping

[0130] Under this rule, information bits are characterized by the frequency of alternating light beams. Whether representing "0" or "1", the emission pattern itself involves alternation between the first and second emitted beams, but the speed (frequency) of this alternation differs.

[0131] The information bit "0" is mapped to a light emission pattern that alternately generates the first and second emitted beams at a first frequency. For example, in this pattern, the narrow-angle beam and the wide-angle beam each last for a duration of T0, forming a complete "narrow-wide" cycle with a frequency f0 = 1 / (2*T0).

[0132] The information bit "1" is mapped to a light emission pattern that alternately generates the first and second emitted beams at a second frequency. For example, in this pattern, each beam lasts for a duration of T1, and T1 ≠ T0, thus forming another frequency f1 = 1 / (2*T1), and f1 ≠ f0.

[0133] According to this rule, when transmitting information bit "0", the system will switch between narrow-angle and wide-angle beams at a slower (or faster) frequency for one or more cycles; when transmitting bit "1", it will switch at a faster (or slower) frequency. The receiving end can decode the information by detecting the frequency of the alternating changes in the divergence angle of the optical signal.

[0134] By providing the two specific encoding rules described above, this embodiment offers a flexible and reliable solution for optical communication. The first direct mapping method is logically simple and intuitive to decode, making it suitable for applications with low transmission rate requirements. The second frequency modulation method utilizes the strong anti-interference capability of periodic alternating signals. Even under conditions of signal strength fluctuations or temporary obstruction, the receiver can more easily identify information by detecting the frequency rather than the absolute state, thereby improving the robustness of communication. Both rules effectively convert digital information into controllable changes in the beam divergence angle, laying the technical foundation for visible light communication.

[0135] In some embodiments, the control method further includes: Establish a pre-defined correspondence between system status or alarm level and specific beam control sequences; The step of "acquiring communication information to be sent" includes: acquiring the current system status information or alarm level information of the aviation warning system; The step of "converting the communication information into a corresponding beam control sequence according to a predetermined encoding rule" includes: determining a specific beam control sequence that matches the current system status information or the alarm level information according to the correspondence.

[0136] Understandably, the controller's storage unit will pre-establish a correspondence between system states or alarm levels and specific beam control sequences. This could be a lookup table or a set of mapping rules. For example: The "system normal" state can correspond to a simple, periodic "narrow-angle-wide-angle" alternating sequence.

[0137] The "power failure" state can correspond to a unique sequence of "long narrow angle - short wide angle - long narrow angle".

[0138] "Level 1 alarm" can correspond to a high-frequency alternating flashing pattern, "Level 2 alarm" can correspond to a low-frequency alternating flashing pattern, and so on.

[0139] Each specific sequence constitutes a predefined "light language" vocabulary.

[0140] When entering the communication control mode and executing the step of "acquiring communication information to be sent," this embodiment implements the following: acquiring the current system status information of the aviation warning system (such as voltage, temperature, light source lifespan, etc. detected by internal sensors) or externally inputted alarm level information. This information itself is the core content to be sent.

[0141] In the subsequent step of "converting the communication information into a corresponding beam control sequence according to predetermined encoding rules," this embodiment implements the following: the controller directly searches or matches based on a pre-established correspondence to determine a specific beam control sequence that matches the currently acquired system status information or alarm level information. For example, if low voltage is detected, the unique beam alternation sequence bound to the "low power voltage" state in the mapping table is directly invoked.

[0142] By implementing the above method, this embodiment enables the optical output of the aviation warning system not only to transmit general data from external inputs, but also to proactively and dynamically report its own operational health status or safety alarm level. Observers (whether ground maintenance personnel or pilots in the air) can directly interpret the equipment status by recognizing specific patterns of alternating beam divergence angles, without relying on additional radio communication or close-range inspection. This greatly enhances the system's self-reporting capabilities and remote maintainability, and has significant practical value in the field of safety monitoring.

[0143] In some embodiments, the control method further includes: The system acquires real-time environmental parameters of the environment in which the aviation warning system is located, including at least one of visibility and meteorological data. Based on the real-time environmental parameters, the luminous intensity, duration, or alternation frequency corresponding to the first emitted beam and / or the second emitted beam in the beam control sequence are dynamically adjusted. The step of “controlling the light source unit to work in coordination with the optical mechanism” specifically includes: controlling according to the dynamically adjusted beam control sequence.

[0144] Understandably, an environmental adaptive adjustment step has been added to the process of generating and executing the beam control sequence. Specifically, this includes: Obtain real-time environmental parameters of the environment in which the aviation warning system is located.

[0145] The aviation warning system integrates or connects to environmental sensors, such as visibility meters, weather station interfaces, or light intensity sensors. The controller reads these sensors to acquire environmental parameters in real time, which include at least visibility (such as optical visibility distance) and / or other meteorological data (such as the intensity of rain, snow, fog, ambient light, etc.).

[0146] Based on the real-time environmental parameters, the parameters of the beam control sequence are dynamically adjusted.

[0147] The controller has a built-in adjustment strategy or algorithm. This strategy defines the optimization adjustments to key beam output parameters under different environmental parameter ranges. The adjustment targets at least one of the following in the beam control sequence corresponding to the first exit beam (narrow angle) and / or the second exit beam (wide angle): Luminous intensity: For example, under low visibility conditions (heavy fog, heavy rain), the controller can generate instructions to temporarily increase the drive current of the light source unit (LED), thereby increasing the light intensity of both beams to penetrate the attenuating medium.

[0148] Duration: For example, in situations with strong background light (such as during the day) or fluctuating visibility, the duration of each bit of light emission (whether it is a narrow-angle or wide-angle beam) can be extended, giving the receiver more time to acquire and distinguish signals, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0149] Alternating frequency: For example, in cases of significant air disturbance (such as strong winds causing beam jitter), the frequency of beam state switching (narrow-angle / wide-angle alternation) can be appropriately reduced to avoid increasing the risk of bit errors due to rapid signal changes.

[0150] Coordinated control is performed based on the dynamically adjusted beam control sequence.

[0151] In this step, "controlling the light source unit and the optical mechanism to work together" specifically means that the controller no longer mechanically executes the original, fixed-parameter beam control sequence, but instead executes an updated sequence that has been dynamically adjusted according to real-time environmental parameters. Based on this new sequence, the controller simultaneously controls the luminous intensity and illumination duration of the light source unit, as well as the state switching sequence of the optical mechanism, thereby generating and sending a light signal adapted to the current environment.

[0152] By implementing the above methods, the aviation warning system in this embodiment achieves environmentally adaptive optical communication and warning. The system no longer operates in a simple fixed mode, but is able to sense changes in the external environment and intelligently adjust the intensity, duration, or rhythm of the output light signal. This ensures that, regardless of whether it is a clear night sky or dense fog, the emitted light signal can achieve the longest effective propagation distance and the highest recognition reliability while guaranteeing the necessary communication bandwidth. This greatly improves the system's practicality and reliability under all-weather and complex weather conditions, representing a significant advancement in intelligent aviation safety facilities.

[0153] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate this application and are not intended to limit this application. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various combinations, modifications, or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of this application do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this application and should be covered within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A dedicated aviation warning system for power transmission towers, characterized in that, include: An energy harvesting module is configured to be sleeved on a power transmission line for harvesting alternating current energy from the power transmission line through electromagnetic induction. DC power supply module, used to output DC power; A power management module is electrically connected to the energy harvesting module. The power management module is configured to rectify, regulate, and manage the AC power output from the energy harvesting module or the DC power output from the DC power supply module, and to provide DC output. An energy storage module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the power management module and is used to store electrical energy; The control module is electrically connected to the power management module and the energy storage module, and is used to monitor the power status of the energy storage module and the ambient light intensity. The warning module is electrically connected to the control module and is used to emit aviation warning lights according to the instructions of the control module; The power management module includes a wide-range input voltage regulation unit, which is configured to stabilize the DC output voltage of the power management module within a preset range when the load current of the transmission line changes.

2. The dedicated aviation warning system for power transmission towers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy harvesting module includes: magnetic core; An energy harvesting coil wound on the magnetic core; An insulating package that encapsulates the magnetic core and the power harvesting coil to form an integrated structure; The magnetic core is made of a soft magnetic material with high permeability and low saturation magnetic induction. or, The DC power supply module includes: Solar panels; Mounting framework; The solar panel is connected to the mounting frame, and the solar panel is made of high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon.

3. The dedicated aviation warning system for power transmission towers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power management module also includes: The rectifier unit, the filter unit, and the wide-range input voltage regulation unit are connected in sequence. The wide-range input voltage regulation unit includes a BOOST-BUCK composite topology circuit or a flyback switching power supply circuit.

4. The dedicated aviation warning system for power transmission towers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power management module further includes an overvoltage protection unit and / or an overcurrent protection unit, which are connected between the energy harvesting module and the rectifier unit, and / or connected to the output terminal of the wide-range input voltage regulation unit. And / or, The warning module includes a reflector and a light source assembly with LED beads. The center of the light source assembly and the reflection center of the reflector are located on the same central axis. The reflector is a segmented reflector, which includes two reflector mirrors symmetrically arranged along the central axis. The reflector mirrors include a reflection area, a reflection area b, and a reflection area c. The a reflection area is directly opposite the light source assembly and is used to reflect light to the c reflection area. The c reflection area is used to reflect the light coming from the a reflection area as a first ray. The b reflection area is used to reflect the light emitted from the light source assembly as a second ray. The first ray and the second ray are parallel.

5. The dedicated aviation warning system for power transmission towers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module includes a microcontroller unit, a photosensitive sensor and a voltage detection circuit connected to the microcontroller unit, the voltage detection circuit being configured to detect the terminal voltage of the energy storage module.

6. A control method for a dedicated aviation warning system for transmission towers as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The energy harvesting module obtains AC power from the power transmission line or DC power from the DC power supply module, and then charges the energy storage module after conversion by the power management module. S2: The control module continuously monitors the remaining power value V_bat and the ambient light intensity value L_amb of the energy storage module; S3: Determine whether the remaining battery power value V_bat reaches the first preset threshold V_th1 and whether the ambient light intensity value L_amb is lower than the second preset threshold L_th; if yes, proceed to step S4; if no, return to step S2. S4: The control module controls the warning module to enter the first working mode, emitting warning light at a first preset flashing frequency and a first luminous intensity; S5: During the operation of the warning module, the control module continues to monitor the remaining power value V_bat; S6: Determine whether the remaining power value V_bat has dropped to the third preset threshold V_th2, where V_th2 < V_th1; if so, the control module controls the warning module to enter the second working mode or turn it off, and the flashing frequency and / or light intensity in the second working mode are lower than those in the first working mode.

7. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, if the determination result is that the remaining power value V_bat has not reached the first preset threshold V_th1, but the ambient light intensity value L_amb is lower than the second preset threshold L_th, then the control module controls the warning module to remain off and charges the energy storage module.

8. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control method further includes the following steps: S100: Monitor the measured light intensity of the warning module; S200: Calculate the ratio or difference between the measured light intensity and a predetermined light intensity threshold, and determine whether the measured light intensity meets the preset attenuation condition. S300: When it is determined that the measured light intensity meets the attenuation condition, the control module controls the electric heating unit to start to perform the de-icing operation.

9. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The attenuation condition in step S200 is: the ratio of the measured light intensity to the expected light intensity threshold is lower than a light intensity attenuation threshold, or the difference between the measured light intensity and the expected light intensity threshold is greater than a light intensity deviation threshold.

10. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step S300 includes: When the attenuation condition is met, the electric heating unit is started with the first heating power P1; During the operation of the electric heating unit, the measured light intensity is continuously monitored; When the measured light intensity recovers to or exceeds the expected light intensity threshold or reaches a preset recovery threshold, the electric heating unit is turned off.

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