An unmanned aerial vehicle based pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of seeding equipment, and discloses a pneumatic row-seeding equipment based on a UAV and a working method, which comprises a main body assembly, a material box, a power arm fixed to the surface of the material box, a seed box fixed to the bottom of the material box, a landing gear fixed to the surface of the seed box and a supporting rail fixed to the landing gear. The application has the beneficial effects that: multiple varieties of seeds can be seeded through one-time take-off and landing, the efficiency is improved and the cost is reduced; three material bins separated by a first isolation plate and a second isolation plate in the material box are matched with independent feeding ports to store different seeds; the material bins are sequentially opened through a driving motor and a third sealing plug; intercropping and interplanting can be completed without multiple take-off and landing, and the working efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seeding equipment technology, and in particular to a pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation method based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Background Technology

[0002] In modern agricultural production, intercropping and relay cropping are widely used because they can efficiently utilize land resources and increase yield per unit area. However, current seeding equipment is difficult to meet the needs of efficient and precise operation. First, there is a prominent contradiction between operational efficiency and terrain adaptability. Traditional ground seeding machinery has difficulty traversing complex terrains such as mountains and hills, is prone to soil compaction, and can only sow a single variety at a time. To complete intercropping and relay cropping, multiple trips are required, which not only increases fuel and labor costs but may also cause the crop to miss its optimal sowing period due to the long operation cycle. Although existing drone seeding equipment has strong terrain adaptability, most of them are designed with a single hopper and cannot store multiple seeds at the same time. Multiple take-offs and landings are required to replenish the feed, which greatly reduces operational efficiency. Second, the compatibility of seeds of different sizes is poor. The seeds of commonly used crops in intercropping and relay cropping (such as soybeans and corn) have significant differences in size, but the seeding and rowing structures of existing drone seeding equipment are mostly fixed in size and cannot dynamically adapt to different seeds. This can easily lead to jamming, missed sowing, or uneven spacing, which seriously affects the sowing quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned existing UAV-based pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation methods, the present invention is proposed.

[0004] Therefore, the problem that this invention aims to solve is the low efficiency and poor precision of intercropping and relay cropping operations using traditional sowing equipment.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation method based on unmanned aerial vehicles, which includes a main component, including a material box, a power arm fixed on the surface of the material box, a seed metering box fixed at the bottom of the material box, a landing gear fixed on the surface of the seed metering box, a support rail fixed on the landing gear, and a seeding pipe provided on the support rail;

[0006] A grading component, disposed on the main component, includes a grading element disposed within the material bin, comprising a first partition plate and a second partition plate fixed within the material bin. A first sealing plug is disposed within the first partition plate, a second sealing plug is disposed within the second partition plate, and a third sealing plug is disposed within the material bin. A discharge pipe is fixed to the bottom of the material bin, and a support frame is fixed to the top of the material bin. A drive motor is fixed within the support frame, and a drive shaft is fixed to the output end of the drive motor. The drive shaft is rotatably connected to the material bin. A threaded sleeve is fixed within the third sealing plug, and the threaded sleeve is rotatably connected to the surface of the drive shaft via threads. A positioning rod is fixed to the bottom of the third sealing plug, and the positioning rod slides within the discharge pipe. Top sleeves slide on the surface of the drive shaft, with two top sleeves located below the first and second sealing plugs, respectively. A vibrator is disposed on the top of the material bin.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation method based on UAV described in this invention, the grading component further includes a material dropping component disposed in the seed metering box, including a support rod fixed to the surface of the discharge pipe, a material dropping bin disposed at the bottom of the support rod, a first spring fixed at the top of the material dropping bin, the other end of the first spring fixed to the surface of the support rod, a pull rod fixed at the top of the material dropping bin, a limit plug fixed at the other end of the pull rod, and the limit plug sliding inside the discharge pipe.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation method based on UAV described in this invention, the grading component further includes an air blowing component, including a connecting pipe fixed in the seed metering box, an air supply pipe fixed in the connecting pipe, a flared end connected to the end of the air supply pipe, a blower disposed in the air supply pipe below the flared end, an air outlet disposed on the connecting pipe, a blower pipe fixed in the material discharge bin, and the air outlet and the blower pipe connected by a flexible hose.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation method based on UAV described in this invention, the grading component further includes a seeding component, including a support base fixed in the seed metering box, a support sleeve fixed on one side of the support base, an adapter shell fixed inside the support sleeve, a material discharge bin sliding on one side of the adapter shell, a seeding disc rotatably connected inside the adapter shell, a seeding groove provided in the seeding disc, and an air hole provided on one side of the seeding groove.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the pneumatic row-seeding equipment and operation method based on UAV described in this invention, the seeding component further includes a support column fixed inside the support sleeve, a rotating seat rotatably connected to the surface of the support column, a bevel gear fixed to the surface of the rotating seat, and a bevel toothed disc fixed to one side of the seeding disc, wherein the bevel gear and the bevel toothed disc mesh.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the pneumatic row-seeding equipment and operation method based on UAV described in this invention, the seeding component further includes a top rod that slides within the rotating seat, a second spring fixed inside the top rod, the other end of the second spring being fixed to the inner wall of the rotating seat, and the top rod being insertable into the air hole.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the pneumatic row-seeding equipment and operation method based on UAV described in this invention, the seeding component further includes a rotating shaft fixed to one side of the seeding disc, a fixed rod fixed inside the seed metering box, the rotating shaft rotatably connected to the fixed rod, a pulley fixed to the surface of the rotating shaft, a power motor fixed inside the seed metering box, another pulley fixed to the output end of the power motor, a guide tube fixed inside the adapter shell, a first isolation plate and a second isolation plate hinged inside the guide tube, and an air groove provided inside the guide tube.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the pneumatic row-seeding equipment and operation method based on UAVs described in this invention, the grading component further includes an adjusting component, including a sliding sleeve that slides on the surface of the rotating shaft, a third spring that is sleeved on the surface of the rotating shaft, a positioning seat that is fixed on the surface of the sliding sleeve, a connecting rod that is hinged to the surface of the positioning seat, a moving rod that is connected to the other end of the connecting rod, an adjusting groove that is opened in the seeding disc, a limit ring that is fixed on the surface of the moving rod, an adjusting slider that is fixed at the end of the moving rod, and the adjusting slider that slides in the seeding groove.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation method based on UAV described in this invention, the adjusting component further includes a limiting rod fixed in the seed metering box, an adjusting column fixed at the bottom of the positioning rod, the adjusting column sliding on the surface of the rotating shaft, and the adjusting column surface being provided with a first support surface, a second support surface, and a third support surface.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation method based on UAV described in this invention, seeds are added to the feed box through the feeding port, the vibrator is activated to vibrate the first and second isolation plates, and seeds are added to the three hoppers of the feed box.

[0016] The drive motor drives the drive shaft to rotate, first opening the material box outlet so that the seeds in the lower hopper fall into the discharge pipe, and at the same time the blower blows the seeds to the transfer shell through the blower pipe.

[0017] The power motor drives the seeding disc to rotate, and the push rod pushes the seeds adsorbed in the air holes into the guide tube, which is then pushed by the airflow to the seeding tube for ejection.

[0018] When the photoelectric sensor detects no seeds, the seeds in the middle hopper are released first. After the seeds in the middle hopper are discharged, the seeds in the upper hopper are released. During this process, the adjusting column adjusts the volume of the seeding trough to match the seed size, and the sowing process is repeated.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0020] 1. Multi-variety sowing with one lift and drop, improving efficiency and reducing costs: Relying on the three material bins separated by the first and second partition plates in the material box, and with independent feeding ports for storing different seeds, the material bins are opened sequentially by the drive motor and the third sealing plug, so that intercropping can be completed without multiple lifts and drops, thus improving work efficiency;

[0021] 2. Adaptable to multiple seed sizes to ensure accurate sowing: Seeds are placed in the hopper according to the "larger at the top and smaller at the bottom" logic, and a vibrator prevents accumulation; the adjusting parts dynamically adjust the volume of the seed trough as the hopper switches, and together with the blower pipe and top rod, ensure accurate sowing of different seed sizes. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation method based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0024] Figure 2 For UAV-based pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation methods Figure 1 Enlarged view of the structure at point E in the middle.

[0025] Figure 3 For UAV-based pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation methods Figure 1 Enlarged view of the structure at point F in the middle.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the material box structure for a pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation method based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0027] Figure 5 For UAV-based pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation methods Figure 4 Sectional view of the structure at point AA.

[0028] Figure 6 For UAV-based pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation methods Figure 5 A magnified view of the structure at point G in the middle.

[0029] Figure 7 For UAV-based pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation methods Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure at point H in the middle.

[0030] Figure 8 For UAV-based pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation methods Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of the structure at point BB.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the seeding tray of a pneumatic row-seeding equipment and operation method based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0032] Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of the material dropper for a pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation method based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0033] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of the support sleeve for a pneumatic row-seeding equipment and operation method based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0034] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the material dropper of a pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation method based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0035] Figure 13 For UAV-based pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation methods Figure 12 Enlarged view of the structure at point I in the middle.

[0036] Figure 14 For UAV-based pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation methods Figure 12 Enlarged view of the structure at point J in the middle.

[0037] Figure 15 This is a structural diagram of the regulating column for a pneumatic row-seeding equipment and operation method based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0038] Figure 16 This is a diagram of the seeding tray structure for a pneumatic row-seeding equipment and operation method based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0039] Figure 17 For UAV-based pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation methods Figure 16 Enlarged view of the structure at point K.

[0040] Figure 18 This is another structural view of the seeding tray of a pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation method based on drones.

[0041] Figure 19 This is a structural diagram of the feed pipe for a pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation method based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0042] Figure 20For UAV-based pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation methods Figure 19 Cross-sectional view of the structure at the CC section.

[0043] In the diagram: Main component 100; Feed hopper 101; Power arm 102; Seed metering box 103; Landing gear 104; Support rail 105; Seeding pipe 106; Grading assembly 200; Grading component 201; First isolation plate 2011; Second isolation plate 2012; First sealing plug 2013; Second sealing plug 2014; Third sealing plug 2015; Discharge pipe 2016; Support frame 2017; Drive motor 2018; Drive shaft 201 9; Threaded sleeve 20110; Positioning rod 20111; Top sleeve 20112; Vibrator 20113; Material discharge part 202; Support rod 2021; Material discharge bin 2022; First spring 2023; Pull rod 2024; Limit plug 2025; Air blowing part 203; Connecting pipe 2031; Air supply pipe 2032; Trumpet mouth 2033; Air outlet 2031-1; Blower pipe 2034; Seeding part 204; Support base 2041; Support sleeve 2042; Adapter shell 2043; Seeding disc 2044; Seeding groove 2044-1; Air hole 2044-2; Support column 2045; Rotating seat 2046; Bevel gear 2047; Bevel gear disc 2048; Top rod 2049; Second spring 20410; Rotating shaft 20411; Fixed rod 20412; Pulley 20413; Power motor 20414; Guide tube 20415; First isolation plate 20416 Second isolation plate 20417; air groove 20415-1; adjusting component 205; sliding sleeve 2051; third spring 2052; positioning seat 2053; connecting rod 2054; moving rod 2055; adjusting groove 2044-3; limiting ring 2056; adjusting slider 2057; limiting rod 2058; adjusting column 2059; first support surface 2059-1; second support surface 2059-2; third support surface 2059-3. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0046] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0047] Example 1, referring to Figures 1-8 This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation method based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The UAV-based pneumatic row seeding equipment and operation method includes a main component 100, including a feed bin 101 for storing seeds. The feed bin 101 has five power arms 102 fixed to its surface. Wings are provided at the ends of the power arms 102. The power arms 102 are existing technology and provide flight power for the seeding equipment. A seed dispensing box 103 is fixed to the bottom of the feed bin 101, and a seed dispensing device is installed inside the seed dispensing box 103. The seed metering box 103 has a landing gear 104 fixed to its surface to support the seeding equipment. A support rail 105 is fixed to the landing gear 104, and seeding tubes 106 are installed on the support rail 105. The seeding tubes 106 can move within the support rail 105 and are fixed to the support rail 105 with bolts, thereby adjusting the distance between the seeding tubes 106 and thus adjusting the row spacing of the seeding. The seeding tubes 106 are connected to the seed metering device in the seed metering box 103 through a flexible hose, so that the seeds can fall from the seeding tubes 106 to complete the seeding.

[0048] A grading component 200, disposed on the main component 100, includes a grading element 201 disposed within a material bin 101, comprising a first partition plate 2011 and a second partition plate 2012 fixed within the material bin 101. Both the first partition plate 2011 and the second partition plate 2012 have inwardly recessed centers to facilitate seed feeding. A first sealing plug 2013 is disposed within the first partition plate 2011 to seal the central recess of the first partition plate 2011. A second sealing plug 2014 is disposed within the second partition plate 2012 to seal the central recess of the second partition plate 2012. The partition plate 2011 and the second partition plate 2012 divide the internal space of the material box 101 into three compartments: upper, middle, and lower. Small holes are provided on the surfaces of the first partition plate 2011 and the second partition plate 2012 to reduce their weight. The size of the holes is much smaller than the size of the seeds, so they will not obstruct the seeds' fall. A third sealing plug 2015 is installed inside the material box 101 to seal the outlet. A discharge pipe 2016 is fixed to the bottom of the material box 101 for conveying the seeds. A support frame 2017 is fixed to the top of the material box 101. A drive motor 2018 is fixed inside 017. A drive shaft 2019 is fixed to the output end of the drive motor 2018. The drive shaft 2019 is rotatably connected to the material box 101. A threaded sleeve 20110 is fixed inside the third sealing plug 2015. The threaded sleeve 20110 is rotatably connected to the surface of the drive shaft 2019 via threads. A positioning rod 20111 is fixed to the bottom of the third sealing plug 2015. The positioning rod 20111 slides inside the discharge pipe 2016. The positioning rod 20111 prevents the third sealing plug 2015 from rotating inside the material box 101. Top sleeves 20112 slide on the surface of the drive shaft 2019. The two top sleeves 20112 are respectively located at the... Below the first sealing plug 2013 and the second sealing plug 2014, a vibrator 20113 is installed on the top of the material box 101. A feeding port is installed on the top of the material box 101 for feeding the top layer of material. Two feeding ports are installed on each side of the material box 101 for feeding the two lower material boxes, so that different seeds can be added to the three material boxes, allowing the UAV to complete the sowing of multiple seeds in one take-off and landing. A photoelectric sensor is installed on the inner wall of the discharge pipe 2016 below the discharge port of the material box 101 for monitoring the amount of seeds in the material box 101. The monitoring of the amount of seeds in the material box 101 by setting up a photoelectric sensor is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0049] Vibrator 20113 is existing technology. Activating vibrator 20113 can cause the material box 101 to vibrate.

[0050] When seeds are added into the hopper 101 through the feeding port, the vibrator 20113 is activated to shake the hopper 101, preventing seeds from accumulating at the feeding port. Different seeds are added to the three hoppers in the hopper 101 through the three feeding ports. The drive motor 2018 is then activated, causing the drive shaft 2019 to rotate. This causes the drive shaft 2019 to move the threaded sleeve 20110 upward, which in turn causes the threaded sleeve 20110 to move the third sealing plug 2015 upward. This causes the third sealing plug 2015 to open the seal on the outlet of the hopper 101, allowing the seeds in the bottom hopper of the hopper 101 to fall from the outlet pipe 2016 at the bottom of the hopper 101.

[0051] When the photoelectric sensor detects that there are no seeds at the discharge port of the hopper 101, the drive motor 2018 drives the drive shaft 2019 to rotate, causing the third sealing plug 2015 to move the top sleeve 20112 upward, thereby lifting the second sealing plug 2014 upward, opening the discharge port of the second isolation plate 2012. At this time, the seeds in the second isolation plate 2012 will fall onto the bottom wall of the hopper 101. The photoelectric sensor will then detect the seeds again, and the middle hopper will start discharging.

[0052] When the photoelectric sensor detects that there are no seeds at the discharge port of the hopper 101 again, the drive motor 2018 drives the drive shaft 2019 to rotate, causing the third sealing plug 2015 to drive the top sleeve 20112 to continue to move upward, so that the second sealing plug 2014 pushes the first sealing plug 2013 through the top sleeve 20112 above it, thereby opening the discharge port of the first isolation plate 2011, so that the seeds on the first isolation plate 2011 fall into the inner bottom wall of the hopper 101. At this time, the photoelectric sensor will detect the seeds again, that is, the upper hopper starts to discharge.

[0053] By feeding different types of seeds into three hoppers in sequence, the system can simultaneously store different types of seeds and release them sequentially during flight according to a preset program, such as soybeans first and then corn. Multiple seeds can be sown in one takeoff and landing, thus completing intercropping and relay cropping.

[0054] When using the product, smaller seeds are added to the lower hopper and larger seeds to the upper hopper, so that the order of seed size is from smallest to largest.

[0055] A controller is integrated into the seeding equipment to control the drive motor 2018 and the vibrator 20113. The controller receives the detection signal from the photoelectric sensor and controls the start, stop and direction of the drive motor 2018 according to the preset program. This control logic is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0056] Example 2, refer to Figures 1-20 This is the second embodiment of the present invention, which is based on the previous embodiment.

[0057] Specifically, the grading component 200 also includes a material discharge component 202 disposed within the seed dispensing box 103, comprising a support rod 2021 fixed to the surface of the discharge pipe 2016. There are two support rods 2021, located on both sides of the discharge pipe 2016. A material discharge bin 2022 is disposed at the bottom of the support rod 2021. A first spring 2023 is fixed at the top of the material discharge bin 2022. The first spring 2023 is in a stretched state. The other end of the first spring 2023 is fixed to the surface of the support rod 2021. A pull rod 2024 is fixed at the top of the material discharge bin 2022. A limit plug 2025 is fixed at the other end of the pull rod 2024. The limit plug 2025 slides within the discharge pipe 2016, and the pull rod 2024 slides within the support rod 2021.

[0058] When seeds continuously fall from the discharge pipe 2016 into the discharge bin 2022, as the number of seeds in the discharge bin 2022 increases, the overall weight of the discharge bin 2022 increases. At this time, the tension of the discharge bin 2022 on the first spring 2023 increases, causing the discharge bin 2022 to move downward. This causes the limit plug 2025 to move downward through the pull rod 2024, blocking the discharge pipe 2026 and stopping the discharge pipe 2016 from dropping seeds into the discharge bin 2022.

[0059] As the number of seeds in the feeding hopper 2022 decreases with use, the weight of the feeding hopper 2022 decreases. At this time, under the reset pulling force of the first spring 2023, the feeding hopper 2022 can be driven to move upward, causing the limit plug 2025 to move upward, thus relieving the blockage of the discharge pipe 2016 and allowing the discharge pipe 2016 to continue discharging materials.

[0060] Specifically, the grading component 200 also includes an air blowing component 203, comprising a connecting pipe 2031 fixed inside the seed metering box 103, an air conveying pipe 2032 fixed inside the connecting pipe 2031, two air conveying pipes 2032 symmetrically arranged inside the connecting pipe 2031, a bell mouth 2033 connected to the end of the air conveying pipe 2032, a blower installed inside the air conveying pipe 2032 below the bell mouth 2033, an air outlet 2031-1 installed on the connecting pipe 2031, and a material discharge bin 2022. An internally fixed blower pipe 2034 is provided. The air outlet 2031-1 and the blower pipe 2034 are connected by a flexible hose. When the blower installed below the horn 2033 is activated, the blower can draw in outside air through the horn 2033. The air then enters the connecting pipe 2031 through the air supply pipe 2032, and then enters the blower pipe 2034 through the flexible hose from the air outlet 2031-1 of the connecting pipe 2031. This causes the blower pipe 2034 to blow the seeds falling into the feed hopper 2022.

[0061] The setting of the blower is existing technology, and those skilled in the art should be clear about its working principle, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0062] Specifically, the grading component 200 also includes a seeding component 204, comprising a support base 2041 fixed inside the seed metering box 103, a support sleeve 2042 fixed to one side of the support base 2041, and two support bases 2041 located on either side of the support sleeve 2042 for fixing and supporting the support sleeve 2042. An adapter shell 2043 is fixed inside the support sleeve 2042, and a material discharge bin 2022 slides on one side of the adapter shell 2043. When the material discharge bin 2022... When 22 moves up and down, the feeding bin 2022 and the transfer shell 2043 can still maintain a connected state, so that the seeds in the feeding bin 2022 can be moved into the transfer shell 2043 under the blowing of the blower pipe 2034. The transfer shell 2043 is rotatably connected to the seeding disc 2044. The seeding disc 2044 is provided with seeding troughs 2044-1. There are 18 seeding troughs 2044-1. An air hole 2044-2 is provided on one side of the seeding trough 2044-1.

[0063] By blowing through the blower pipe 2034, the seeds can be moved to one side of the seeding tray 2044, and under the action of the gas, the seeds fall into the seeding trough 2044-1. At this time, the seeds can partially block the pores 2044-2, so that the seeds are pressed to one side of the pores 2044-2 by the airflow.

[0064] Specifically, the seeding component 204 also includes support columns 2045 fixed inside the support sleeve 2042. There are six support columns 2045. Each support column 2045 is rotatably connected to a rotating seat 2046. A bevel gear 2047 is fixed to the surface of the rotating seat 2046. A bevel toothed disc 2048 is fixed to one side of the seeding disc 2044. The bevel gear 2047 and the bevel toothed disc 2048 mesh. When the seeding disc 2044 rotates, the six bevel gears 2047 can be driven to rotate through the bevel toothed disc 2048, thereby driving the six rotating seats 2046 to rotate.

[0065] Specifically, the sowing component 204 also includes a push rod 2049 that slides within the rotating seat 2046. A second spring 20410 is fixed inside the push rod 2049. The second spring 20410 is in a compressed state, and the other end of the second spring 20410 is fixed to the inner wall of the rotating seat 2046. The push rod 2049 can be inserted into the air hole 2044-2, thereby causing the push rod 2049 to push the seeds on one side of the air hole 2044-2 away from the seeding trough 2044-1.

[0066] Specifically, the sowing component 204 also includes a rotating shaft 20411 fixed to one side of the seeding disc 2044. A fixing rod 20412 is fixed inside the seed metering box 103. The rotating shaft 20411 is rotatably connected to the fixing rod 20412. With the support of the fixing rod 20412, the rotating shaft 20411 can rotate stably. A pulley 20413 is fixed to the surface of the rotating shaft 20411. A power motor 20414 is fixed inside the seed metering box 103. Another pulley 20413 is fixed to the output end of the power motor 20414. The two pulleys 20413 are connected by a belt. The power motor 20414 can be started by the two pulleys. The pulley 20413 drives the rotating shaft 20411 to rotate, which in turn drives the seeding disc 2044 to rotate. Six guide tubes 20415 are fixed inside the adapter shell 2043, arranged circumferentially. The guide tubes 20415 are in contact with the surface of the seeding disc 2044. A rotating seat 2046 is located on one side of the guide tubes 20415, allowing the seeds pushed out by the push rod 2049 to fall into them. One end of the guide tube 20415 located on the outside of the adapter shell 2043 is connected to the seeding tube 106 via a flexible hose. This hose can be fixed to the support rail 1 using cable ties or other tools. On surface 05, a first isolation plate 20416 and a second isolation plate 20417 are hinged inside the feed tube 20415. When the seeding disc 2044 rotates, the seeding groove 2044-1 enters from the first isolation plate 20416 into one side of the feed tube 20415, and then moves away from the second isolation plate 20417. The angle between the first isolation plate 20416 and the second isolation plate 20417 and the seeding disc 2044 is 60 degrees. A torsion spring is provided at the connection between the first isolation plate 20416 and the second isolation plate 20417 and the feed tube 20415. Through the elastic force of the torsion spring, the first isolation plate 20416 and the second isolation plate 20417 are attached to the seeding groove. On the surface of disc 2044, an air groove 20415-1 is provided inside the feed tube 20415. There are multiple air grooves 20415-1. The gas in the adapter shell 2043 can enter the feed tube 20415 through the air groove 20415-1. Since the position of the air groove 20415-1 is blocked by two isolation plates on one side, the seeds cannot block the air groove 20415-1. This allows the gas in the adapter shell 2043 to quickly enter the feed tube 20415. The seeds falling into the feed tube 20415 are then pushed into the seeding tube 106 through a flexible tube. Under the action of the airflow, the seeds in the seeding tube 106 are ejected.

[0067] Specifically, the grading component 200 also includes an adjusting component 205, including a sliding sleeve 2051 that slides on the surface of the rotating shaft 20411. A third spring 2052 is sleeved on the surface of the rotating shaft 20411. The third spring 2052 is in a compressed state and is used to push the sliding sleeve 2051. A positioning seat 2053 is fixed on the surface of the sliding sleeve 2051. There are six positioning seats 2053. A connecting rod 2054 is hinged to the surface of each positioning seat 2053. A moving rod 2055 is hinged to the other end of the connecting rod 2054. An adjusting groove 2044-3 is opened in the seeding disc 2044. The moving rod 2055 slides in the adjusting groove 2044-3. A limit ring 2056 is fixed on the surface of the moving rod 2055 to limit the moving rod 2055. An adjusting slider 2057 is fixed to the other end of the moving rod 2055. The adjusting slider 2057 slides in the seeding groove 2044-1.

[0068] By pushing the sliding sleeve 2051 with the third spring 2052, the sliding sleeve 2051 can drive the moving rod 2055 to move through the six connecting rods 2054. This causes the moving rod 2055 to drive the adjusting slider 2057 to slide within the seeding slot 2044-1, allowing the seeding slot 2044-1 to hold larger seeds to match different types of seeds.

[0069] Specifically, the adjusting component 205 also includes a limiting rod 2058 fixed inside the seed box 103. The positioning rod 20111 slides within the limiting rod 2058, allowing the positioning rod 20111 to rise and fall stably. An adjusting column 2059 is fixed to the bottom of the positioning rod 20111. The adjusting column 2059 slides on the surface of the rotating shaft 20411. The surface of the adjusting column 2059 is provided with a first support surface 2059-1, a second support surface 2059-2, and a third support surface 2059-3. One side of the fixed rod 20412 is an arc-shaped surface, and the adjusting column 2059 is located on one side of the arc-shaped surface of the fixed rod 20412, so that the fixed rod 20412 supports the adjusting column 2059. In the current state, the sliding sleeve 2051 is located at the first support surface. On one side of surface 2059-1, when the positioning rod 20111 moves upward along with the third sealing plug 2015, the positioning rod 20111 can drive the adjusting column 2059 to move upward, so that the sliding sleeve 2051 falls on the second support surface 2059-2. At this time, the third spring 2052 is further released. As the adjusting column 2059 continues to move upward, the sliding sleeve 2051 falls on the third support surface 2059-3, so that the third spring 2052 is released again, so that the adjusting slider 2057 slides in the seeding trough 2044-1, so that the seeding trough 2044-1 can be gradually placed with small-sized seeds, medium-sized seeds, and large-sized seeds to meet the needs of intercropping and relay cropping that require sowing multiple plants.

[0070] Example 3, referring to Figures 1-20This is the third embodiment of the present invention, which is based on the first two embodiments.

[0071] A method for pneumatic row seeding based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) involves adding seeds to a feed hopper 101 through a feeding port, activating a vibrator 20113 to vibrate the first and second isolation plates, and adding seeds to the three hoppers of the feed hopper 101.

[0072] The drive motor 2018 drives the drive shaft 2019 to rotate, first opening the material box outlet so that the seeds in the lower hopper fall into the discharge pipe 2016, and at the same time the blower blows the seeds to the adapter shell 2043 through the blower pipe 2034.

[0073] The power motor 20414 drives the seeding disc 2044 to rotate, and the push rod 2049 pushes the seeds adsorbed on the air hole 2044-2 into the guide pipe 2015, and pushes them to the seeding pipe 106 for ejection by the airflow.

[0074] When the photoelectric sensor detects no seeds, the seeds in the middle hopper are released first. After the seeds in the middle hopper are discharged, the seeds in the upper hopper are released. During this process, the adjusting column 2059 adjusts the volume of the seeding trough 2044-1 to match the seed size, and the sowing process is repeated.

[0075] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0076] 1. Enables multi-variety seed sowing in a single takeoff and landing, improving operational efficiency: The material bin 101 is divided into three compartments (upper, middle, and lower) by the first partition plate 2011 and the second partition plate 2012, along with three independent feeding ports (located on the top and sides of the material bin 101), allowing for the storage of different types of seeds (such as soybeans and corn). During flight, the controller, based on the detection signals from the photoelectric sensor, sequentially opens the feeding ports of each compartment via the drive motor 2018, drive shaft 2019, and third sealing plug 2015, and top sleeve 20112. This allows multiple seeds to be released sequentially according to a preset program, completing intercropping operations without multiple takeoffs and landings, significantly improving sowing efficiency.

[0077] 2. Adapting to different seed sizes and ensuring sowing accuracy: On the one hand, the hopper layout adopts a "larger at the top, smaller at the bottom" seed placement logic (larger seeds are stored in the upper hopper, and smaller seeds are stored in the lower hopper), which, together with the vibrator 20113, prevents seed accumulation and ensures smooth feeding. On the other hand, through the linkage of the adjusting component 205 (including the sliding sleeve 2051, the third spring 2052, the adjusting column 2059, etc.) with the third sealing plug 2015 and the positioning rod 20111, when seeds of different sizes are fed in sequence, the first support surface 2059-1, the second support surface 2059-2, and the third support surface 2059-3 of the adjusting column 2059 can gradually push the adjusting slider 2057 to slide in the seeding trough 2044-1, dynamically adjusting the volume of the seeding trough to adapt to small, medium, and large seeds. Combined with the airflow adsorption of the blower pipe 2034 and the precise pushing of the top rod 2049, the sowing spacing and falling stability of different varieties of seeds are ensured.

[0078] In use, the vibrator 20113 is activated to shake the feed hopper 101. Different seeds are added into the feed hopper 101 through the three feeding ports, which in turn causes the first isolation plate 2011 and the second isolation plate 2012 to vibrate. This prevents the seeds from accumulating at the feeding ports, and ensures that the largest seeds are placed above the first isolation plate 2011, medium-sized seeds are placed above the second isolation plate 2012, and the smallest seeds are placed below the second isolation plate 2012.

[0079] At this point, the power arm 102 drives the seeding equipment to the working position, starts the blower and power motor 20414, and simultaneously starts the drive motor 2018, causing the drive motor 2018 to drive the drive shaft 2019 to rotate. This causes the drive shaft 2019 to move the threaded sleeve 20110 upwards, which in turn causes the threaded sleeve 20110 to move the third sealing plug 2015 upwards. This opens the seal on the outlet of the material bin 101, allowing the smallest seeds in the lower hopper to be released from below the material bin 101. As seeds continuously fall into the discharge hopper 2022 through the discharge pipe 2016, the blower pipe 2034 blows the seeds falling into the discharge hopper 2022, causing the seeds to move into the transfer shell 2043. Through the blowing of the blower pipe 2034, the seeds can be moved to the seed distribution plate 2044 on one side of the transfer shell 2043, and under the action of the gas, the seeds fall into the seed distribution groove 2044-1. At this time, the seeds can partially block the air hole 2044-2, so that the seeds are pressed by the airflow to the side of the air hole 2044-2.

[0080] Driven by the power motor 20414, the rotating shaft 20411 drives the seeding disc 2044 to rotate, which in turn drives the six bevel gears 2047 to rotate via the bevel gear disc 2048, thereby driving the six rotating seats 2046 to rotate. When the rotating seats 2046 rotate, the push rod 2049 can be inserted into the air hole 2044-2, thereby pushing the seeds on one side of the air hole 2044-2 away from the seeding groove 2044-1.

[0081] At this time, the seeds fall into the feed tube 20415. Under the push of the gas in the feed tube 20415, the seeds are pushed through the hose into the seeding tube 106. Then, driven by the airflow, the seeds in the seeding tube 106 are ejected.

[0082] When the photoelectric sensor detects that there are no seeds at the discharge port of the hopper 101, the drive motor 2018 drives the drive shaft 2019 to rotate, causing the third sealing plug 2015 to move the top sleeve 20112 upward, thereby pushing the second sealing plug 2014 upward, opening the discharge port of the second isolation plate 2012. At this time, the seeds in the second isolation plate 2012 will fall onto the bottom wall of the hopper 101. The photoelectric sensor will then detect the seeds again, and the drive shaft 2019 will stop rotating.

[0083] At this time, medium-sized seeds begin to be fed. As the second sealing plug 2014 moves upward, the positioning rod 20111 moves upward along with the third sealing plug 2015, which causes the positioning rod 20111 to drive the adjusting column 2059 to move upward, so that the sliding sleeve 2051 falls on the second support surface 2059-2. At this time, the third spring 2052 is further released, so that the adjusting slider 2057 slides in the seeding slot 2044-1, so that the seeding slot 2044-1 can be used to place medium-sized seeds.

[0084] When the photoelectric sensor detects again that there are no seeds at the discharge port of the hopper 101, the drive motor 2018 drives the drive shaft 2019 to rotate, causing the third sealing plug 2015 to move the top sleeve 20112 upward, thereby lifting the first sealing plug 2013 upward, thus opening the discharge port of the first isolation plate 2011, so that the seeds on the first isolation plate 2011 fall onto the inner bottom wall of the hopper 101, and the photoelectric sensor will detect the seeds again at this time.

[0085] At this time, the large-sized seeds in the uppermost hopper begin to be discharged. As the first sealing plug 2013 moves upward, the positioning rod 20111 moves upward along with the third sealing plug 2015, which causes the positioning rod 20111 to drive the adjusting column 2059 to move upward, so that the sliding sleeve 2051 falls on the third support surface 2059-3, thereby causing the adjusting slider 2057 to slide again in the seeding slot 2044-1, which can hold large-sized seeds.

[0086] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic row-seeding equipment based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), characterized in that: include, The main component (100) includes a feed box (101), a power arm (102) is fixed on the surface of the feed box (101), a seed metering box (103) is fixed at the bottom of the feed box (101), a landing gear (104) is fixed on the surface of the seed metering box (103), a support rail (105) is fixed on the landing gear (104), and a seeding tube (106) is provided on the support rail (105). A grading component (200), disposed on the main component (100), includes a grading element (201) disposed within the material bin (101), comprising a first isolation plate (2011) and a second isolation plate (2012) fixed within the material bin (101). A first sealing plug (2013) is disposed within the first isolation plate (2011), a second sealing plug (2014) is disposed within the second isolation plate (2012), and a third sealing plug (2015) is disposed within the material bin (101). A discharge pipe (2016) is fixed at the bottom of the material bin (101), and a support frame (2017) is fixed at the top of the material bin (101). A drive motor (2018) is fixed within the support frame (2017). A drive shaft (2019) is fixed at the output end. The drive shaft (2019) is rotatably connected to the material box (101). A threaded sleeve (20110) is fixed inside the third sealing plug (2015). The threaded sleeve (20110) is rotatably connected to the surface of the drive shaft (2019) by threads. A positioning rod (20111) is fixed at the bottom of the third sealing plug (2015). The positioning rod (20111) slides inside the discharge pipe (2016). A top sleeve (20112) slides on the surface of the drive shaft (2019). The two top sleeves (20112) are located below the first sealing plug (2013) and the second sealing plug (2014), respectively. A vibrator (20113) is provided on the top of the material box (101).

2. The pneumatic row-seeding equipment based on unmanned aerial vehicles as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The grading component (200) also includes a material discharge component (202) disposed in the seed box (103), including a support rod (2021) fixed to the surface of the discharge pipe (2016), a material discharge bin (2022) disposed at the bottom of the support rod (2021), a first spring (2023) fixed at the top of the material discharge bin (2022), the other end of the first spring (2023) fixed to the surface of the support rod (2021), a pull rod (2024) fixed at the top of the material discharge bin (2022), a limit plug (2025) fixed at the other end of the pull rod (2024), and the limit plug (2025) sliding inside the discharge pipe (2016).

3. The pneumatic row-seeding equipment based on unmanned aerial vehicles as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The grading component (200) further includes an air blowing component (203), including a connecting pipe (2031) fixed inside the seed box (103), an air supply pipe (2032) fixed inside the connecting pipe (2031), a flared end (2033) connected to the end of the air supply pipe (2032), a blower located below the flared end (2033) inside the air supply pipe (2032), an air outlet (2031-1) on the connecting pipe (2031), a blower pipe (2034) fixed inside the material discharge bin (2022), and the air outlet (2031-1) and the blower pipe (2034) connected by a flexible hose.

4. The pneumatic row-seeding equipment based on unmanned aerial vehicles as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The grading component (200) also includes a seeding component (204), including a support base (2041) fixed inside the seed metering box (103), a support sleeve (2042) fixed on one side of the support base (2041), an adapter shell (2043) fixed inside the support sleeve (2042), a material discharge bin (2022) sliding on one side of the adapter shell (2043), a seeding disc (2044) rotatably connected inside the adapter shell (2043), a seeding groove (2044-1) provided inside the seeding disc (2044-1), and an air hole (2044-2) provided on one side of the seeding groove (2044-1).

5. The pneumatic row-seeding equipment based on unmanned aerial vehicles as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The seeding component (204) further includes a support column (2045) fixed inside the support sleeve (2042). A rotating seat (2046) is rotatably connected to the surface of the support column (2045). A bevel gear (2047) is fixed to the surface of the rotating seat (2046). A bevel toothed disc (2048) is fixed to one side of the seeding disc (2044). The bevel gear (2047) and the bevel toothed disc (2048) mesh with each other.

6. The pneumatic row-seeding equipment based on unmanned aerial vehicles as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The seeding component (204) also includes a push rod (2049) that slides within the rotating seat (2046). A second spring (20410) is fixed inside the push rod (2049). The other end of the second spring (20410) is fixed to the inner wall of the rotating seat (2046). The push rod (2049) can be inserted into the air hole (2044-2).

7. The pneumatic row-seeding equipment based on unmanned aerial vehicles as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The seeding component (204) also includes a rotating shaft (20411) fixed to one side of the seeding disc (2044). A fixing rod (20412) is fixed inside the seed metering box (103). The rotating shaft (20411) is rotatably connected to the fixing rod (20412). A pulley (20413) is fixed on the surface of the rotating shaft (20411). A power motor (20414) is fixed inside the seed metering box (103). Another pulley (20413) is fixed to the output end of the power motor (20414). A guide tube (20415) is fixed inside the adapter shell (2043). A first isolation plate (20416) and a second isolation plate (20417) are hinged inside the guide tube (20415). An air groove (20415-1) is provided inside the guide tube (20415).

8. The pneumatic row-seeding equipment based on unmanned aerial vehicles as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The grading component (200) further includes an adjusting component (205), including a sliding sleeve (2051) that slides on the surface of the rotating shaft (20411), a third spring (2052) sleeved on the surface of the rotating shaft (20411), a positioning seat (2053) fixed on the surface of the sliding sleeve (2051), a connecting rod (2054) hinged on the surface of the positioning seat (2053), a moving rod (2055) hinged at the other end of the connecting rod (2054), an adjusting groove (2044-3) opened in the seeding disc (2044), a limit ring (2056) fixed on the surface of the moving rod (2055), an adjusting slider (2057) fixed at the end of the moving rod (2055), and the adjusting slider (2057) sliding in the seeding groove (2044-1).

9. The pneumatic row-seeding equipment based on unmanned aerial vehicles as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The adjusting component (205) also includes a limiting rod (2058) fixed inside the seed box (103). The bottom of the positioning rod (20111) is fixed with an adjusting column (2059). The adjusting column (2059) slides on the surface of the rotating shaft (20411). The surface of the adjusting column (2059) is provided with a first support surface (2059-1), a second support surface (2059-2), and a third support surface (2059-3).

10. A pneumatic row-seeding operation method based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), characterized in that: Including the seeding equipment as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, including, Seeds are added to the feed box (101) through the feeding port, and the vibrator (20113) is activated to vibrate the first and second isolation plates, and seeds are added to the three hoppers of the feed box (101); The drive motor (2018) drives the drive shaft (2019) to rotate. First, the material box outlet is opened so that the seeds in the lower hopper fall into the discharge pipe (2016). At the same time, the blower blows the seeds to the adapter shell (2043) through the blower pipe (2034). The power motor (20414) drives the seeding disc (2044) to rotate, and the push rod (2049) pushes the seeds adsorbed on the air holes (2044-2) into the feed pipe (2015), and then pushes them to the seeding pipe (106) for ejection by airflow; When the photoelectric sensor detects no seeds, the seeds in the middle hopper are released first. After the seeds in the middle hopper are discharged, the seeds in the upper hopper are released. During this process, the adjusting column (2059) adjusts the volume of the seeding trough (2044-1) to match the seed size, and the sowing process is repeated.

Images