Fire extinguishing system and method suitable for high-rise and super high-rise building facade

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of fire extinguishing equipment, and specifically discloses a fire extinguishing system and method suitable for the outer facade of high-rise and super high-rise buildings, which comprises a temperature sensing optical fiber arranged on the outer facade of the building, wherein the outer facade of the building is divided into a grid composed of multiple temperature monitoring blocks, and the laying track of the temperature sensing optical fiber passes through all the temperature monitoring blocks; multiple fire extinguishing nozzles arranged at the top of the outer facade of the building, which correspond to the multiple temperature monitoring blocks along the width direction of the outer facade of the building one by one; a data collector which receives the temperature data monitored by the temperature sensing optical fiber and triggers a fire signal according to whether the temperature data exceeds a preset threshold; and a central control room which receives the fire signal and opens the corresponding fire extinguishing nozzle according to the coordinates of the temperature monitoring block triggering the fire signal in the grid. The application can solve the problems of insufficient fire source positioning accuracy, high fire condition false alarm rate and extensive fire extinguishing agent delivery mode of the current building outer facade fire extinguishing system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of fire extinguishing equipment, and more specifically, relates to a fire extinguishing system and method applicable to the exterior facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, high-rise and super high-rise buildings have become the mainstream of urban spatial form. However, their special structural construction and vertical height characteristics make fire prevention and control a world-class problem.

[0003] Fires on the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings possess significant unique characteristics and high risks. On one hand, the insulation materials commonly used in exterior walls, such as polystyrene foam boards and rigid polyurethane foam, are highly flammable. Once ignited, the fire spreads rapidly along the facade, producing large amounts of toxic fumes during combustion. On the other hand, the "chimney effect" drives smoke and fire to spread rapidly along the vertical space of the building at speeds of 3 to 4 m / s. Simultaneously, wind speeds at high altitudes increase with height, creating a "wind-assisted fire" situation, further exacerbating the speed of fire spread and the difficulty of control. In such fire scenarios, traditional ground-based firefighting equipment is often limited by its operating height. Even aerial ladder trucks are easily affected by narrow operating spaces and ambient airflow, making it difficult to accurately strike the fire. Similarly, firefighting helicopters are also difficult to operate effectively due to the complex airflow and obstacles surrounding high-rise buildings. These factors combined result in initial fires not being controlled in a timely manner, easily escalating into major disasters.

[0004] Given the serious hazards of fires on the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings, relevant building fire protection codes have put forward clear requirements for fire prevention and control measures, promoting the application of various fire monitoring and extinguishing technologies. Currently, facade fire monitoring mainly uses point-type heat detectors and image fire detectors, while fire extinguishing systems primarily rely on fixed fire extinguishing devices such as water spray and foam spray. The overall prevention and control framework is basically built around the idea of ​​"comprehensive monitoring combined with comprehensive spraying." However, in practical application and testing, existing fire extinguishing systems integrated into building facades are still insufficient to meet the core requirements of "precise prevention and control, efficient fire extinguishing, and low false alarms" for fires on the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings. Specifically, this manifests in the following three aspects: (1) Insufficient fire source location accuracy, lacking a foundation for targeted fire suppression. Existing distributed fiber optic sensing and monitoring schemes use a single fiber optic cable for full-area deployment, which can only identify "a fire in a certain area" and cannot accurately pinpoint the specific three-dimensional coordinates of the fire source (such as vertical height and horizontal position); while point-based or image-based monitoring schemes also have problems with coverage blind spots or large identification errors. Insufficient fire source location accuracy results in the fire suppression system lacking a clear target, and can only passively adopt a full-area spray mode, thus creating hidden dangers for subsequent waste of fire suppression resources and reduced efficiency.

[0005] (2) The fire detection mechanism is too simplistic, resulting in a high false alarm rate. Most existing monitoring systems only trigger alarms based on fixed temperature thresholds, without incorporating multi-dimensional detection indicators such as the rate of temperature rise. In the case of high-rise building facades, environmental factors such as high temperatures and strong sunlight in summer can easily cause local temperatures to rise rapidly and reach the alarm threshold, leading to false alarms. False alarms not only cause unnecessary activation of the fire extinguishing system, resulting in a waste of extinguishing agents and power resources, but also have a negative impact on the long-term stable operation and management of the system.

[0006] (3) The fire extinguishing deployment mode is extensive, wasteful of resources and inefficient. Due to the inaccurate location of the fire source, the existing fire extinguishing modules generally adopt a "full coverage" spray design, which requires spraying fire extinguishing agent over a large area of ​​the entire building facade. On the one hand, this mode causes a large amount of ineffective loss of fire extinguishing agent and high operation and maintenance costs; on the other hand, under the interference of high-altitude winds in high-rise buildings, the foam sprayed in a dispersed manner is easily blown away and diluted, making it difficult to form an effective fire extinguishing concentration in the core area of ​​the fire source, thus resulting in a significant reduction in fire extinguishing efficiency and failing to meet the actual needs of efficient extinguishing of initial fire sources.

[0007] Therefore, developing a compressed air foam fire extinguishing system for the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings based on fiber optic precise positioning, temperature rise rate identification, and electromagnetic valve-controlled point extinguishing is of great practical significance for improving the prevention and control technology of fires on the facades of such buildings and ensuring the safety of urban buildings. It is also a core technology need that the industry urgently needs to address. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In response to the deficiencies or improvement needs of existing technologies, this application provides a fire extinguishing system and method applicable to the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings, aiming to solve the problems of insufficient fire source location accuracy, high false alarm rate, and crude fire extinguishing agent delivery mode in current fire extinguishing systems for building facades.

[0009] The above-mentioned technical objectives of this application are mainly achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0010] On the one hand, this application provides a fire extinguishing system applicable to the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings, comprising: The temperature-sensing optical fiber is installed on the exterior of a building. The exterior of the building is divided into a grid consisting of multiple temperature monitoring blocks at a preset interval along its height and width. The layout trajectory of the temperature-sensing optical fiber passes through all the temperature monitoring blocks and an optical fiber sensing node is provided in each of the temperature monitoring blocks. Multiple fire extinguishing nozzles are installed on the top of the building facade. Each fire extinguishing nozzle corresponds to one of the multiple temperature monitoring blocks along the width of the building facade. Each fire extinguishing nozzle is connected to the fire extinguishing agent supply device through a branch pipe. Each branch pipe is equipped with a solenoid valve. A data acquisition device connected to the temperature-sensing optical fiber is configured to receive temperature data and temperature rise data monitored by each of the optical fiber sensing nodes, and to trigger a real fire signal when both the temperature data and the temperature rise data exceed a preset threshold. The central control room, which is electrically connected to the data acquisition unit and each of the solenoid valves, is configured to receive the real fire signal and open the corresponding solenoid valve according to the coordinates of the temperature monitoring block that triggered the real fire signal in the grid, so that the fire extinguishing nozzle directly above the temperature monitoring block starts to spray fire extinguishing agent downward.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the top of the building facade is provided with a plurality of outwardly extending rods, and the end of each of the extension rods is connected to a fire extinguishing nozzle through an angle adjustment device. The central control room is electrically connected to each of the aforementioned angle adjustment devices. The central control room is also configured to activate the corresponding angle adjustment device to adjust the angle of the fire extinguishing nozzle according to the coordinates of the temperature monitoring block that triggered the real fire signal within the grid, so that the angle of the fire extinguishing nozzle is toward the temperature monitoring block that triggered the real fire signal.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of this application, when the data acquisition device detects that the temperature sensed by the fiber optic sensing node in a certain temperature monitoring block is ≥60℃ and the temperature rise rate is ≥8℃ / min, it triggers the real fire signal and sends the real fire signal and the coordinates to the central control room.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the temperature-sensing optical fiber is arranged on the exterior facade of the building in an S-shaped curve.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the preset spacing of the grid in both the height and width directions of the building facade is 0.5m.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the fire extinguishing agent supply device is a compressed air foam generating device, the outlet of which is connected to a foam main pipe, and each of the branch pipes is connected to the foam main pipe.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the foam manifold is provided with a main valve and a flow meter.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of this application, each of the branch pipes is provided with a manual valve.

[0018] On the other hand, this application also provides a fire extinguishing method applicable to the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings, comprising: The building facade is divided into a grid consisting of multiple temperature monitoring blocks at preset intervals in the height and width directions. Temperature-sensing optical fibers are laid on the grid, with the laying trajectory of the temperature-sensing optical fibers passing through all the temperature monitoring blocks, and each temperature monitoring block is equipped with an optical fiber sensing node. At the same time, multiple angle-adjustable fire extinguishing nozzles are laid on the top of the building facade, and each fire extinguishing nozzle corresponds one-to-one with the multiple temperature monitoring blocks along the width direction of the building facade. The temperature of each temperature monitoring block is monitored by each of the fiber optic sensing nodes. When the temperature data and temperature rise data sensed by the fiber optic sensing node in a certain temperature monitoring block both exceed a preset threshold, a real fire signal is triggered. Based on the coordinates of the temperature monitoring block that triggered the real fire signal within the grid, the corresponding fire extinguishing nozzle is activated and its angle is adjusted so that the fire extinguishing nozzle directly above the temperature monitoring block sprays extinguishing agent toward the temperature monitoring block to extinguish the fire.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the real fire signal is triggered when the temperature sensed by the fiber optic sensing node is ≥60℃ and the temperature rise rate is ≥8℃ / min.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the building facade is divided into grids at intervals of 0.5m in both height and width directions.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the temperature-sensing optical fiber is laid on the exterior facade of the building in an S-shaped curve.

[0022] In summary, compared with the prior art, the technical solutions conceived in this application have the following main technical advantages: 1. High positioning accuracy and strong targeting: The building facade is divided into grids at predetermined intervals, dividing the entire facade into multiple temperature monitoring blocks. Temperature-sensing optical fibers pass through each temperature monitoring block sequentially, and each small temperature monitoring block has an optical fiber sensor node to monitor the temperature data within the corresponding area. This forms an optical fiber sensor array covering the entire facade. The temperature data of each temperature monitoring block is collected in real time by the matching data acquisition device, accurately locking the corresponding grid coordinates. The actual coordinates of the fire source (vertical height and horizontal width) are transmitted to the central control room in real time, achieving accurate locking of the fire source coordinates (error ≤ 0.3m). This overcomes the limitations of existing "area identification" technology and provides a reliable foundation for targeted fire suppression.

[0023] 2. Significantly reduced false alarm rate: The data acquisition unit integrates a dual-indicator fire detection mechanism based on temperature and temperature rise data. Only when both temperature and temperature rise data exceed preset thresholds is it determined to be a real fire. If only the temperature data reaches the preset threshold but the temperature rise data does not, it is determined to be environmental interference. This can effectively distinguish between real fires and environmental interference, avoid false activation caused by factors such as high temperatures in summer, and improve the stability and reliability of the fire extinguishing system.

[0024] 3. Improved fire extinguishing efficiency and resource conservation: Each fire extinguishing nozzle corresponds one-to-one with a temperature monitoring block in the width direction (i.e., each fire extinguishing nozzle is responsible for fire extinguishing operations within a vertical column of temperature monitoring blocks), and the fire extinguishing nozzle can be angled in the height direction (pitch angle) to aim at the temperature monitoring block where the fire is burning. Compared with traditional all-area spraying, the fixed-point concentrated spray mode reduces foam consumption by more than 60%, shortens the fire source extinguishing time to within 10 seconds, and avoids the impact of high-altitude winds on foam dispersion, thus improving fire extinguishing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the fire extinguishing system applicable to the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings as described in this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the deployment structure of the temperature-sensing optical fiber described in this application on the exterior facade of the building.

[0026] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same elements or structures, wherein: 10. Building; 11. Building facade; 12. Temperature monitoring area; 20. Optical fiber; 21. Optical fiber sensing node; 30. Fire extinguishing nozzle; 31. Branch piping; 32. Solenoid valve; 33. Manual valve; 34. Extinguishing agent supply device; 35. Foam main pipe; 36. Main valve; 37. Flow meter; 40. Data acquisition device; 50. Central control room; 51. Repeater. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0028] Implementation Method 1: This application provides a fire extinguishing system suitable for the exterior facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes: a temperature-sensing optical fiber 20 installed on the building facade 11, which is divided into a grid of multiple temperature monitoring blocks 12 at preset intervals along its height and width. The optical fiber 20 is laid out through all the temperature monitoring blocks 12, and each temperature monitoring block 12 has an optical fiber sensing node 21; multiple fire extinguishing nozzles 30 installed on the top of the building facade 11, each fire extinguishing nozzle 30 corresponding one-to-one with multiple temperature monitoring blocks 12 along the width of the building facade 11, and each fire extinguishing nozzle 30 being connected to a fire extinguishing agent supply device 34 via a branch pipe 31. Each pipe 31 is equipped with a solenoid valve 32; a data acquisition unit 40 is connected to the temperature sensing fiber optic cable 20, and the data acquisition unit 40 is configured to receive temperature data and temperature rise data monitored by each fiber optic sensing node 21, and trigger a real fire signal when both temperature data and temperature rise data exceed a preset threshold; a central control room 50 is electrically connected to the data acquisition unit 40 and each solenoid valve 32, and the central control room 50 is configured to receive the fire signal, and open the corresponding solenoid valve 32 according to the coordinates of the temperature monitoring block 12 that triggers the real fire signal in the grid, so that the fire extinguishing nozzle 30 directly above the temperature monitoring block 12 starts to spray fire extinguishing agent downward.

[0029] The fire extinguishing system applicable to the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings described in this application achieves precise location of fire source coordinates by gridding the building facade 11 and forming a fiber optic sensing array covering the entire area using heat-sensing optical fibers 20. This results in extremely high positioning accuracy and targeting, effectively overcoming the limitation of existing technologies that can only "identify areas." Simultaneously, the system integrates a fire detection mechanism based on both temperature and temperature rise indicators. Only when both data exceed preset thresholds is it considered a real fire, significantly reducing the false alarm rate caused by environmental interference such as high summer temperatures and improving the system's stability and reliability. Furthermore, combined with the targeted, concentrated spraying of fire extinguishing nozzles 30 in the vertical direction, this not only reduces foam usage by more than 60% compared to traditional methods and shortens the fire extinguishing time to less than 10 seconds, but also effectively avoids the impact of high-altitude winds on foam dispersion, comprehensively improving fire extinguishing efficiency and resource utilization.

[0030] The following section will provide a detailed description of the specific structure of each part of the fire extinguishing system applicable to the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings as described in this application, as well as the location and connection relationships between each part.

[0031] The fire extinguishing system includes a heat-sensing optical fiber 20, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the temperature-sensing optical fiber 20 is deployed on the building facade 11. The temperature-sensing optical fiber 20 is used for temperature monitoring and fire source location on the building facade 11.

[0032] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the building facade 11 is divided into a grid consisting of multiple temperature monitoring blocks 12 at preset intervals along its height and width directions. This gridding divides the entire building facade 11 into numerous small temperature monitoring blocks 12. The deployment trajectory of the temperature-sensing optical fiber 20 passes through all temperature monitoring blocks 12, and each temperature monitoring block 12 has an optical fiber sensing node 21. Each optical fiber sensing node 21 serves as a temperature measurement point for monitoring the temperature of its corresponding temperature monitoring block 12. The signals from all optical fiber sensing nodes 21 are aggregated into the main optical fiber, forming an optical fiber sensing array covering the entire building facade 11. The temperature-sensing optical fiber 20 can be a distributed optical fiber, with a temperature measurement range of -20℃ to 600℃, an accuracy of ±0.5℃, and a positioning resolution of 10cm. The building facade 11 is typically a decorative layer on the exterior wall of the building 10, formed by a combination of EPS insulation board and stone curtain wall.

[0033] Better, such as Figure 2 As shown, the temperature-sensing optical fiber 20 is laid out on the building facade 11 in an S-shaped curve between two adjacent temperature monitoring blocks 12. If the laying direction of the temperature-sensing optical fiber 20 is changed once, one temperature-sensing optical fiber 20 can cover all the temperature monitoring blocks 12 on the entire building facade 11.

[0034] Preferably, the grid spacing in both the height and width directions of the building facade 11 is 0.5m, that is, the temperature monitoring blocks 12 are divided into 0.5m × 0.5m areas.

[0035] The fire extinguishing system includes multiple fire extinguishing nozzles 30, which are installed on the top of the building facade 11. The fire extinguishing nozzles 30 are used to spray fire extinguishing agent onto a predetermined area on the building facade 11 to achieve fire extinguishing operations.

[0036] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, multiple fire extinguishing nozzles 30 are spaced apart along the width of the building facade 11, and each fire extinguishing nozzle 30 corresponds one-to-one with multiple temperature monitoring blocks 12 along the width of the building facade 11. Each fire extinguishing nozzle 30 is responsible for the fire extinguishing operation within a row of temperature monitoring blocks 12. Each fire extinguishing nozzle 30 is connected to a fire extinguishing agent supply device 34 through a branch pipe 31, which supplies fire extinguishing agent to the fire extinguishing nozzle 30. Each branch pipe 31 is equipped with a solenoid valve 32 and a manual valve 33. The solenoid valve 32 can independently open and close each branch pipe 31 and adjust its opening degree according to external commands. The manual valve 33 is connected in series with the solenoid valve 32 and serves as a backup valve for electric control, allowing manual independent opening and closing of each branch pipe 31.

[0037] Better, such as Figure 1 As shown, the extinguishing agent supply device 34 employs a compressed air foam generating device to generate compressed air foam extinguishing agent. The compressed air foam generating device is located on the ground, and its outlet is connected to a main foam pipe 35. Each branch pipe 31 is connected to the main foam pipe 35, extending upwards along the building's height and connecting to each fire extinguishing nozzle 30. The main foam pipe 35 is equipped with a main valve 36 and a flow meter 37. The flow meter 37 monitors the upward-delivered foam flow rate, and the main valve 36 controls the total foam supply to the entire system for system start-up, shutdown, or maintenance.

[0038] The fire extinguishing system also includes a data acquisition unit 40, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the data acquisition unit 40 is connected to the temperature sensing fiber optic cable 20 and the central control room 50. It is responsible for receiving the fiber optic temperature signal, executing the temperature rise rate discrimination algorithm, calculating the coordinates of the fire source, and uploading the processed data to the central control room 50.

[0039] Specifically, the output of the temperature-sensing fiber optic cable 20 is connected to the fiber optic input interface of the data acquisition unit 40, and the output of the data acquisition unit 40 is connected to the central control room 50 via a signal transmission line. The data acquisition unit 40 integrates a temperature rise rate discrimination module, employing a dual-indicator discrimination mechanism of "temperature + temperature rise rate" for fire identification. Preset fire temperature rise thresholds, ambient temperature rise thresholds, and fire temperature thresholds are used. When the temperature of a certain temperature monitoring block 12 reaches the preset temperature threshold, its temperature rise rate is simultaneously judged. If the temperature rise rate also reaches the preset fire temperature rise threshold, it is determined to be a real fire, and a real fire signal is sent to the central control room 50. If only the temperature reaches the threshold but the temperature rise rate does not reach the preset fire temperature rise threshold, it is determined to be environmental interference, and a real fire signal is not triggered. The data acquisition unit 40 has a built-in fiber optic node temperature gradient positioning algorithm. By collecting temperature data from each temperature monitoring block 12 in real time, comparing the temperature rise rate and temperature peak difference of adjacent nodes, it accurately locks the grid coordinates corresponding to the temperature peak and transmits the coordinates of the fire source on the grid (vertical height and horizontal grid number) to the central control room 50 in real time along with the real fire signal.

[0040] The fire suppression system also includes a central control room 50, such as Figure 1 As shown, the central control room 50 is the core of the system's collaborative control. The central control room 50 is connected to the data acquisition unit 40 and the solenoid valve 32, and is used to receive real fire signals and corresponding fire source coordinate data, trigger alarms, and send precise control commands to the solenoid valve 32.

[0041] The central control room 50 adopts a dual-screen operating console, equipped with customized collaborative control software (supporting real-time display of fire source coordinates and command issuance from solenoid valve 32) and an audible and visual alarm module. The communication port of the central control room 50 is connected to the output of the data acquisition unit 40 via a signal transmission line, and is also connected to the input of the repeater 51 via a signal transmission line. The multiple outputs of the repeater 51 are connected to multiple solenoid valves 32 via signal transmission lines, enabling the repeater 51 to branch and amplify single-bus signals.

[0042] Upon receiving a real fire signal and the coordinates of the fire source, the central control room 50 automatically triggers the following actions: Only the fire extinguishing nozzle 30 directly above the temperature monitoring block 12 corresponding to the fire source coordinates is activated; that is, an activation command is sent to the corresponding solenoid valve 32 via repeater 51. Fire extinguishing nozzles 30 and their corresponding solenoid valves 32 in other areas remain closed. Based on real-time feedback from the flow meter 37, the opening degree of the solenoid valve 32 is adjusted in real-time (0-100%), increasing the foam flow rate of the corresponding fire extinguishing nozzle 30 to 20L / min, achieving concentrated foam deployment. After fire extinguishing, when the temperature-sensing fiber optic cable 20 detects that the temperature in the fire source area has dropped to normal temperature and the temperature rise rate is ≤2℃ / min, the central control room 50 sends a command to close the corresponding solenoid valve 32, and the system returns to standby mode.

[0043] Preferably, the preset fire temperature rise threshold is 8℃ / min and the fire temperature threshold is 60℃. That is, when the data acquisition unit 40 detects that the temperature sensed by the fiber optic sensor node 21 in a certain temperature monitoring block 12 is ≥60℃ and the temperature rise rate is ≥8℃ / min, it triggers a real fire signal and sends the real fire signal and the corresponding fire source coordinate data to the central control room 50.

[0044] Better, such as Figure 1 As shown, the central control room 50 is connected to the fire extinguishing agent supply device 34 via a signal transmission line, and the central control room 50 controls and monitors the status of the fire extinguishing agent supply device 34.

[0045] According to one embodiment of this application, the top of the building facade 11 is provided with multiple outwardly extending rods, and the end of each extension rod is connected to a fire extinguishing nozzle 30 through an angle adjustment device; the central control room 50 is electrically connected to each angle adjustment device, and the central control room 50 can activate the corresponding angle adjustment device to adjust the angle of the fire extinguishing nozzle 30 according to the coordinates of the temperature monitoring block 12 that triggers the real fire signal in the grid, so that the angle of the fire extinguishing nozzle 30 is towards the temperature monitoring block 12 that triggers the real fire signal.

[0046] Specifically, after receiving the real fire signal and the coordinates of the fire source, the central control room 50 controls the corresponding solenoid valve 32 to open via the repeater 51, and sends an angle adjustment command to the angle adjustment device connected to the corresponding fire extinguishing nozzle 30. The angle adjustment device then adjusts the spray angle of the corresponding fire extinguishing nozzle 30 to ensure that the spray direction is accurately pointed to the fire source.

[0047] The specific working process of the fire extinguishing system described in this application is as follows.

[0048] Monitoring-identification-location: The temperature-sensing fiber optic cable 20 collects temperature data of the fire source area and transmits it to the data acquisition unit 40; after the data acquisition unit 40 determines that it is a real fire through a dual-index identification mechanism, it sends a real fire signal to the central control room 50, and at the same time locks the coordinates of the fire source through a positioning algorithm and transmits them to the central control room 50.

[0049] Targeted fire suppression: After receiving a real fire signal, the central control room 50 triggers an alarm. At the same time, it sends control commands to the corresponding solenoid valve 32 and angle adjustment device based on the fire source coordinate data. The solenoid valve 32 is opened and the angle and flow rate of the fire extinguishing nozzle 30 are adjusted to achieve concentrated spraying of fire extinguishing foam. During the fire suppression process, the temperature change of the fire source area is monitored in real time. When the temperature of the fire source area drops back to normal temperature, the central control room 50 sends a command to close the corresponding solenoid valve 32, and the system returns to standby state.

[0050] The fire extinguishing system provided in this application solves the problems of inaccurate positioning, high false alarm rate and crude fire extinguishing of existing building facade fire extinguishing systems through the collaborative architecture of "fiber optic positioning + temperature rise discrimination + electromagnetic valve fixed-point control". It can be applied to the actual prevention and control scenarios of fire on the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings.

[0051] Implementation Method Two: This application also provides a fire extinguishing method applicable to the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings, comprising: dividing the building facade 11 into a grid composed of multiple temperature monitoring blocks 12 at preset intervals in the height and width directions; laying temperature-sensing optical fibers 20 on the grid, ensuring that the laying trajectory of the temperature-sensing optical fibers 20 passes through all temperature monitoring blocks 12, and providing optical fiber sensing nodes 21 in each temperature monitoring block 12; simultaneously laying multiple angle-adjustable fire extinguishing nozzles 30 on the top of the building facade 11, ensuring that each fire extinguishing nozzle 30 is aligned with the building facade... Multiple temperature monitoring blocks 12 in the width direction correspond one-to-one; each temperature monitoring block 12 is monitored by each fiber optic sensing node 21. When the temperature data and temperature rise data sensed by the fiber optic sensing node 21 in a certain temperature monitoring block 12 both exceed the preset threshold, a real fire signal is triggered. According to the coordinates of the temperature monitoring block 12 that triggered the real fire signal in the grid, the corresponding fire extinguishing nozzle 30 is opened and its angle is adjusted so that the fire extinguishing nozzle 30 directly above the temperature monitoring block 12 sprays fire extinguishing agent towards the temperature monitoring block 12 to extinguish the fire.

[0052] The fire extinguishing method applicable to the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings described in this application achieves precise location of the fire source coordinates by gridding the building facade 11 and forming a fiber optic sensing array covering the entire area using heat-sensing optical fibers 20. It has extremely high positioning accuracy and targeting, effectively solving the limitation of existing technologies that can only "identify areas". At the same time, the method integrates a fire identification mechanism based on temperature and temperature rise as dual indicators. It is only judged as a real fire when both data exceed preset thresholds, which can significantly reduce the false alarm rate caused by environmental interference such as high temperatures in summer. On this basis, in conjunction with the pitch adjustment of the fire extinguishing nozzle 30 in the height direction and the fixed-point concentrated spray mode, not only is the amount of foam used reduced by more than 60% compared with traditional methods and the fire source extinguishing time shortened to less than 10 seconds, but it can also effectively avoid the influence of high-altitude wind on foam dispersion, comprehensively improving fire extinguishing efficiency and resource utilization.

[0053] The specific process of the fire extinguishing method described in this application will be explained in detail below.

[0054] First, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, heat-sensing optical fibers 20 and fire extinguishing nozzles 30 are installed on the exterior facade 11 of the building.

[0055] The building facade 11 is gridded, divided into multiple temperature monitoring blocks 12 at preset intervals in the height and width directions, thus dividing the entire building facade 11 into a large number of small temperature monitoring blocks 12. Then, temperature-sensing optical fibers 20 are laid on the gridded building facade 11, ensuring that the fiber optic cables 20 pass through all temperature monitoring blocks 12. Each temperature monitoring block 12 has an optical fiber sensing node 21, which serves as a temperature measurement point for monitoring the temperature of its corresponding monitoring block 12. Signals from all optical fiber sensing nodes 21 are collected into the main optical fiber, forming an optical fiber sensing array covering the entire building facade 11.

[0056] Better, such as Figure 2 As shown, the building facade 11 is divided into grids with a spacing of 0.5m in both height and width, and the heat-sensing optical fiber 20 is laid on the building facade 11 in an S-shaped curve.

[0057] Meanwhile, multiple fire extinguishing nozzles 30 are installed on the top of the building facade 11. These nozzles are spaced apart along the width of the facade 11, and each nozzle corresponds to one of multiple temperature monitoring blocks 12 along the width of the facade 11. Each nozzle is responsible for extinguishing fires within a row of temperature monitoring blocks 12. Each nozzle is connected to a fire extinguishing agent supply device 34 via a branch pipe 31, which supplies fire extinguishing agent to the nozzle. Each branch pipe 31 is equipped with a solenoid valve 32, which can independently open and close the branch pipe 31 and adjust its opening degree according to external commands.

[0058] Secondly, the fire situation is determined based on the monitoring results of the temperature-sensing fiber optic cable 20, and the fire extinguishing nozzles 30 are controlled to carry out fire extinguishing operations.

[0059] Each fiber optic sensing node 21 monitors the temperature of each temperature monitoring block 12. When both the temperature data and the temperature rise data sensed by the fiber optic sensing node 21 in a certain temperature monitoring block 12 exceed a preset threshold, a real fire signal is triggered. The above process can be achieved by using a data acquisition device 40, as described in Embodiment 1, to receive and process the temperature data sensed by the temperature-sensing fiber optic 20. Based on the processing results, a dual-indicator discrimination mechanism of "temperature + temperature rise rate" is used for fire identification. When the temperature of a certain temperature monitoring block 12 reaches a preset temperature threshold and the temperature rise rate also reaches a preset fire temperature rise threshold, it is determined that a fire has occurred in that temperature monitoring block 12, and a real fire signal is triggered.

[0060] Preferably, the preset fire temperature rise threshold is 8℃ / min and the fire temperature threshold is 60℃. That is, when the temperature sensed by the fiber optic sensor node 21 in a certain temperature monitoring block 12 is ≥60℃ and the temperature rise rate is ≥8℃ / min, a real fire signal is triggered.

[0061] Based on the coordinates of the temperature monitoring block 12 within the grid that triggered the real fire signal, the corresponding fire extinguishing nozzle 30 is activated and its angle is adjusted so that the fire extinguishing nozzle 30 directly above the temperature monitoring block 12 sprays extinguishing agent towards the temperature monitoring block 12 for fire extinguishing. The above process can be achieved using the central control room 50 described in Embodiment 1, which is connected to the data acquisition unit 40 and the solenoid valve 32. The central control room 50 receives the real fire signal and the corresponding fire source coordinate data, and sends precise control commands to the solenoid valve 32. Simultaneously, the fire extinguishing nozzle 30 is equipped with an angle adjustment device connected to the central control room 50. After receiving the real fire signal, the central control room 50 sends control commands to the corresponding solenoid valve 32 and the angle adjustment device based on the fire source coordinate data. The solenoid valve 32 is activated, and the angle and flow rate of the fire extinguishing nozzle 30 are adjusted to achieve concentrated spraying of extinguishing foam. When the temperature in the fire source area is detected to drop back to normal, the central control room 50 sends a command to close the corresponding solenoid valve 32, and the system returns to standby mode.

[0062] It should be understood that expressions such as "comprising" and "may include" as used in this application indicate the existence of the disclosed functions, operations, or constituent elements, and do not limit one or more additional functions, operations, and constituent elements. In this application, terms such as "comprising" and / or "having" may be interpreted as indicating a specific characteristic, number, operation, constituent element, component, or combination thereof, but should not be interpreted as excluding the existence or possibility of adding one or more other characteristics, numbers, operations, constituent elements, components, or combinations thereof.

[0063] It should be understood that the terms “center,” “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “rear,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “inner,” “outer,” “clockwise,” “counterclockwise,” “axial,” “radial,” and “circumferential” indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0064] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0065] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0066] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing system suitable for the exterior facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings, characterized in that, include: A temperature-sensing optical fiber (20) is installed on the building facade (11). The building facade (11) is divided into a grid consisting of multiple temperature monitoring blocks (12) at a preset spacing along its height and width. The layout trajectory of the temperature-sensing optical fiber (20) passes through all the temperature monitoring blocks (12) and an optical fiber sensing node (21) is provided in each of the temperature monitoring blocks (12). Multiple fire extinguishing nozzles (30) are installed on the top of the building facade (11). Each fire extinguishing nozzle (30) corresponds to a multiple temperature monitoring blocks (12) along the width direction of the building facade (11). Each fire extinguishing nozzle (30) is connected to the fire extinguishing agent supply device (34) through a branch pipe (31). Each branch pipe (31) is equipped with a solenoid valve (32). A data acquisition unit (40) connected to the temperature sensing fiber (20) is configured to receive temperature data and temperature rise data monitored by each fiber sensing node (21), and to trigger a real fire signal when both the temperature data and the temperature rise data exceed a preset threshold. The central control room (50) is electrically connected to the data acquisition unit (40) and each of the solenoid valves (32). The central control room (50) is configured to receive the real fire signal and open the corresponding solenoid valve (32) according to the coordinates of the temperature monitoring block (12) that triggered the real fire signal in the grid, so that the fire extinguishing nozzle (30) directly above the temperature monitoring block (12) starts to spray fire extinguishing agent downward.

2. The fire extinguishing system applicable to the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the building facade (11) is provided with multiple outwardly extending rods, and the end of each of the extension rods is connected to a fire extinguishing nozzle (30) through an angle adjustment device. The central control room (50) is electrically connected to each of the angle adjustment devices. The central control room (50) is also configured to activate the corresponding angle adjustment device to adjust the angle of the fire extinguishing nozzle (30) according to the coordinates of the temperature monitoring block (12) that triggered the real fire signal in the grid, so that the angle of the fire extinguishing nozzle (30) is toward the temperature monitoring block (12) that triggered the real fire signal.

3. The fire extinguishing system applicable to the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, When the data acquisition unit (40) detects that the temperature sensed by the fiber optic sensing node (21) in a certain temperature monitoring block (12) is ≥60℃ and the temperature rise rate is ≥8℃ / min, it triggers the real fire signal and sends the real fire signal and the coordinates to the central control room (50).

4. The fire extinguishing system applicable to the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The temperature-sensing optical fiber (20) is laid out on the building facade (11) in an S-shaped curve.

5. The fire extinguishing system applicable to the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The preset spacing of the grid in both the height and width directions of the building facade (11) is 0.5m.

6. The fire extinguishing system applicable to the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing agent supply device (34) is a compressed air foam generating device. The outlet of the compressed air foam generating device is connected to a foam main pipe (35), and each of the branch pipes (31) is connected to the foam main pipe (35).

7. The fire extinguishing system applicable to the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings according to claim 6, characterized in that, The main foam pipe (35) is equipped with a main valve (36) and a flow meter (37); and / or, each of the branch pipes (31) is equipped with a manual valve (33).

8. A fire extinguishing method applicable to the exterior facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings, characterized in that, include: The building facade (11) is divided into a grid consisting of multiple temperature monitoring blocks (12) by a preset spacing in the height and width directions. Temperature sensing optical fibers (20) are laid on the grid and the laying trajectory of the temperature sensing optical fibers (20) passes through all the temperature monitoring blocks (12). Each temperature monitoring block (12) is equipped with an optical fiber sensing node (21). At the same time, multiple angle-adjustable fire extinguishing nozzles (30) are laid on the top of the building facade (11) and each fire extinguishing nozzle (30) corresponds one-to-one with the multiple temperature monitoring blocks (12) along the width direction of the building facade (11). The temperature of each temperature monitoring block (12) is monitored by each of the fiber optic sensing nodes (21). When the temperature data and temperature rise data sensed by the fiber optic sensing node (21) in a certain temperature monitoring block (12) both exceed the preset threshold, a real fire signal is triggered. According to the coordinates of the temperature monitoring block (12) that triggered the real fire signal in the grid, the corresponding fire extinguishing nozzle (30) is activated and its angle is adjusted so that the fire extinguishing nozzle (30) directly above the temperature monitoring block (12) sprays fire extinguishing agent toward the temperature monitoring block (12) to extinguish the fire.

9. The fire extinguishing method applicable to the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the temperature sensed by the fiber optic sensing node (21) is ≥60℃ and the temperature rise rate is ≥8℃ / min, the real fire signal is triggered.

10. The fire extinguishing method applicable to the facades of high-rise and super high-rise buildings according to claim 8, characterized in that, The building facade (11) is divided into grids at intervals of 0.5m in both height and width; and / or the temperature-sensing optical fiber (20) is laid out on the building facade (11) in an S-shaped curve.

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