Non-uniform settlement active leveling device, settlement leveling system and construction method

Abstract

The application discloses a non-uniform settlement active leveling device, a settlement leveling system and a construction method, and is used for leveling operation when non-uniform settlement of civil and building engineering structures occurs. The device comprises: a pressure-bearing box body fixed on a foundation of a civil and building engineering structure; a pressure relief hole is arranged at the lower part of the pressure-bearing box body; a spherical pressure-bearing medium is filled in the pressure-bearing box body and is used for transmitting an upper structure load; a gate mechanism is arranged at the pressure relief hole and is used for controlling the release amount of the spherical pressure-bearing medium; and a force transmission piston is arranged at the top of the spherical pressure-bearing medium and is used for uniformly transmitting the upper load to the spherical pressure-bearing medium. By arranging the pressure-bearing box body filled with the spherical pressure-bearing medium between the foundation and the upper structure of the civil and building engineering structure, real-time dynamic leveling of non-uniform settlement of the upper structure is realized, the construction is convenient, and the cost is low. After the non-uniform settlement is stable, permanent structure main reinforcement is used to pour concrete to form a permanent bearing structure, and the pressure-bearing box body can be recycled and reused.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of civil or building construction, and in particular to an active leveling device for uneven settlement, a settlement leveling system and a construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Civil engineering and building projects are all constructed on foundations and bases. Under the load of the superstructure, the foundation will inevitably settle. When the foundation settles uniformly, it usually does not cause significant harm to the superstructure. However, due to factors such as complex and variable engineering geological conditions, unreasonable foundation design parameters, inadequate construction quality control, and changes in load distribution during the use of the building, the foundation in different areas of the same civil engineering or building structure often exhibits inconsistent settlement rates and settlement amplitudes, i.e., uneven settlement. When the uneven settlement difference exceeds the design allowable limit, it will generate additional stress on the superstructure, leading to problems such as structural cracking, beam and column deformation, and difficulty in use. In severe cases, it may even cause the civil engineering or building to tilt or collapse, resulting in significant loss of life and property.

[0003] Currently, methods for addressing uneven settlement in civil engineering or building projects are mainly divided into two categories: foundation treatment and superstructure treatment. Foundation treatment methods include grouting reinforcement, high-pressure jet grouting, pile underpinning, jacking correction, drainage consolidation, and excavation compensation. These methods generally suffer from drawbacks such as large construction scope, long construction period, and huge costs, and most lack post-construction remedial measures, making it impossible to make real-time dynamic adjustments during the occurrence and development of uneven settlement. Superstructure treatment methods include increasing component cross-sections, reinforcing joints, and overall structural reinforcement. These methods not only require the destruction of the original civil engineering and building decoration layers, making construction difficult, but also make it difficult to accurately predict the development trend of uneven settlement, resulting in significant uncertainty in the treatment effect.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an active leveling device for uneven settlement that is easy to construct, low in cost, can be dynamically adjusted in real time, and has reliable treatment effect, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an active leveling device for uneven settlement, a settlement leveling system, and a construction method, which can solve the above-mentioned problems existing in related technologies.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: On the one hand, an active leveling device for uneven settlement is provided, comprising: A pressure-bearing box is used to fix it to the foundation of a civil or building structure; the lower part of the pressure-bearing box is provided with a vent hole. A spherical pressure-bearing medium is filled inside the pressure-bearing box to transfer the load of the superstructure. A gate mechanism, located at the discharge bead hole, is used to control the release amount of the spherical pressure-bearing medium; The force-transmitting piston is movably mounted on top of the spherical pressure-bearing medium to uniformly transfer the upper load to the spherical pressure-bearing medium.

[0007] Optionally, the gate mechanism is configured to open two gates sequentially to release a single spherical pressure medium at a time.

[0008] Optionally, at least two vent holes are symmetrically arranged circumferentially at the lower part of the pressure tank, and each vent hole is provided with a corresponding gate mechanism.

[0009] Optionally, the force-transmitting piston includes a force-transmitting steel plate, a force-transmitting support, and a piston disc, which are fixedly connected from top to bottom. The piston disc extends into the pressure-bearing box and contacts the spherical pressure-bearing medium. The force-transmitting steel plate is used to connect with the pre-embedded steel plate in the upper force-transmitting conversion unit through a detachable connector.

[0010] Optionally, the force transmission support includes a hollow support cylinder, with inner reinforcing ribs provided on the inner side of the support cylinder, and / or outer reinforcing ribs provided on the outer side of the support cylinder.

[0011] On the other hand, a leveling system for uneven settlement in civil or building engineering is provided, comprising: The aforementioned active leveling device for uneven settlement; A force transmission conversion unit is disposed above the force transmission piston and is used to support the upper vertical load-bearing component and transmit the load. The force transmission conversion unit is connected to the force transmission piston through a detachable connector. A permanent structural pre-reserved unit is anchored within the foundation and passes through the force transmission and conversion unit, and is used to form a permanent load-bearing structure after uneven settlement has stabilized. A settlement monitoring unit is installed on the force transmission conversion unit to detect the settlement difference between adjacent supports.

[0012] Optionally, the permanent structural reserved unit includes multiple main reinforcement bars anchored to the foundation.

[0013] Optionally, the force transmission conversion unit is a reinforced concrete force transmission beam, and the settlement monitoring unit is a settlement observation scale fixed to the side of the force transmission beam.

[0014] On the other hand, a method for leveling uneven settlement in civil or building engineering projects is provided, based on the aforementioned uneven settlement leveling system for civil or building engineering projects, including the following steps: During the S1 foundation construction phase, a groove for installing the pressure box is reserved directly below the vertical load-bearing components, and permanent structural main reinforcement is pre-embedded. S2 embeds the pressure-bearing box into the groove, fills the box with spherical pressure-bearing medium, and installs the force-transmitting piston; S3 has a force conversion structure installed above the force transmission piston, so that the force conversion structure can be detachably connected to the force transmission piston. S4 constructs the upper main structure above the force transfer structure, and simultaneously monitors the settlement difference of adjacent supports; When the settlement difference exceeds the warning value, the gate mechanism of the box body with relatively less settlement in S5 will release the spherical pressure medium and actively adjust the settlement of the upper structure to a horizontal position. After the uneven settlement of S6 stabilizes, concrete is poured using the pre-embedded permanent structural reinforcement bars to form a permanent load-bearing structure. S7 disconnects the force transmission conversion structure from the force transmission piston, discharges the spherical pressure medium inside the box, and recovers the pressure box for reuse.

[0015] Optionally, in step S5, when multiple ball discharge holes are provided, the gate mechanism of the multiple ball discharge holes is opened sequentially, and each time a single spherical pressure medium is released. And / or, step S6 specifically involves: after the uneven settlement has stabilized, removing rust from the main reinforcement bars of the permanent structure, tying the stirrups and setting up the formwork, pouring concrete and curing it to the design strength, thus forming a permanent load-bearing structure.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: By setting up a pressure-bearing box filled with spherical pressure-bearing medium between the foundation and the superstructure, and utilizing the fluidity of the spherical pressure-bearing medium and the precise control of the gate mechanism, the present invention achieves real-time dynamic adjustment of uneven settlement of the superstructure without the need for large-scale foundation reinforcement or superstructure modification. It is convenient to construct, low in cost, and has high leveling accuracy. It can effectively avoid damage to the building structure caused by uneven settlement and ensure the safety and service life of the building. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the uneven settlement leveling system for civil or building engineering described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the force transmission support column described in the embodiment of this application.

[0019] In the picture: 1. Uneven settlement active leveling device; 11. Pressure tank; 111. Drainage ball; 12. Spherical pressure medium; 13. Gate mechanism; 14. Force transmission piston; 141. Piston disc; 142. Force transmission support; 1421. Support cylinder; 1422. Inner reinforcing rib; 1423. Outer reinforcing rib; 2. Force transmission conversion unit; 21. Embedded steel plate; 22. Detachable connector; 3. Permanent structure reserved unit; 4. Upper main structure; 5. Foundation. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the technical problems solved by this application, the technical solutions adopted, and the technical effects achieved clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are further described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0023] Civil engineering and building projects are all constructed on foundations and bases. Under the load of the superstructure, the foundation will inevitably settle. When the foundation settles uniformly, it usually does not cause significant harm to the superstructure. However, due to factors such as complex and variable engineering geological conditions, unreasonable foundation design parameters, inadequate construction quality control, and changes in load distribution during the use of the building, the foundation in different areas of the same civil engineering or building structure often exhibits inconsistent settlement rates and settlement amplitudes, i.e., uneven settlement. When the uneven settlement difference exceeds the design allowable limit, it will generate additional stress on the superstructure, leading to problems such as structural cracking, beam and column deformation, and difficulty in use. In severe cases, it may even cause the civil engineering or building to tilt or collapse, resulting in significant loss of life and property.

[0024] Currently, methods for addressing uneven settlement in civil engineering or building projects are mainly divided into two categories: foundation treatment and superstructure treatment. Foundation treatment methods include grouting reinforcement, high-pressure jet grouting, pile underpinning, jacking and correction, drainage consolidation, and excavation compensation. These methods generally suffer from drawbacks such as large construction scope, long construction period, and huge costs, and most lack post-construction remedial measures, making it impossible to make real-time dynamic adjustments during the settlement process. Superstructure treatment methods include increasing component cross-sections, reinforcing joints, and overall structural reinforcement. These methods not only require damaging the original civil engineering or building's decorative layers, making construction difficult, but also make it difficult to accurately predict the development trend of uneven settlement, resulting in significant uncertainty in the treatment effect.

[0025] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an active leveling device for uneven settlement that is easy to construct, low in cost, can be dynamically adjusted in real time, and has reliable treatment effect, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of existing technologies.

[0026] To solve the above technical problems, refer to Figure 1 This application provides an active leveling device 1 for uneven settlement, comprising: The pressure-bearing box 11 is used to be fixed on the foundation 5 of the civil engineering and building structure; the lower part of the pressure-bearing box 11 is provided with a vent hole 111. A spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 is filled inside the pressure-bearing box 11 to transfer the load of the upper structure; A gate mechanism 13 is provided at the discharge bead hole 111 and is used to control the release amount of the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12; The force-transmitting piston 14 is movably disposed on the top of the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12, and is used to uniformly transfer the upper load to the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12.

[0027] This application provides an active leveling device 1 for uneven settlement, which is used for dynamic adjustment of uneven settlement of foundation in civil or building engineering. It can actively correct the settlement difference of the superstructure in real time during the settlement development process, so as to ensure the safety of civil and building structures.

[0028] The non-uniform settlement active leveling device 1 includes a pressure tank 11, a vent hole 111, a spherical pressure medium 12, a gate mechanism 13, and a force transmission piston 14.

[0029] The pressure box 11 is a closed container structure with an open top, made entirely of high-strength steel, possessing sufficient compressive strength and rigidity to stably withstand the vertical loads transmitted from the superstructure. The shape of the pressure box 11 can be designed as cylindrical, square, or other suitable shapes according to actual engineering needs, with its dimensions determined by the load magnitude and expected settlement of the superstructure. During use, the pressure box 11 is embedded in a pre-set groove in the civil engineering / building foundation 5. The groove's dimensions are adapted to the pressure box 11, providing lateral restraint and preventing horizontal displacement under load.

[0030] The lower part of the pressure tank 11 is provided with at least one vent hole 111. The vent hole 111 is a through hole penetrating the side wall of the pressure tank 11, and its diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the spherical pressure medium 12, allowing the spherical pressure medium 12 to pass through smoothly. The vent hole 111 is located close to the bottom of the pressure tank 11 to ensure that as much of the spherical pressure medium 12 as possible can be discharged from the tank during the leveling process, achieving a wider range of settlement adjustment.

[0031] The spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 fills the internal cavity of the pressure tank 11, completely filling the lower space of the pressure tank 11. The spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 is made of a high-strength, high-hardness, and wear-resistant material, ensuring stable shape and performance under long-term loads without significant deformation or wear. The spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 is in point contact with each other, exhibiting good fluidity. When spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 is discharged from the drain hole 111, the remaining spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 within the tank automatically rearranges to fill the gaps left by the discharged medium, causing the top surface of the entire medium layer to settle evenly.

[0032] The gate mechanism 13 is located outside the vent hole 111 and is fixedly connected to the pressure tank 11. The gate mechanism 13 can control the opening and closing of the vent hole 111 and can adjust the opening degree of the vent hole 111, thereby precisely controlling the release speed and release amount of the spherical pressure medium 12. Through the control of the gate mechanism 13, the spherical pressure medium 12 can be quantitatively released according to the actual settlement difference of the superstructure, so as to achieve precise adjustment of the settlement of the superstructure.

[0033] The force-transmitting piston 14 is movably positioned at the top of the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12, with its bottom surface in full contact with the top surface of the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12. The top surface is used to bear the load of the superstructure. The force-transmitting piston 14 is made of high-strength steel and has sufficient planar rigidity to evenly distribute the concentrated load of the superstructure onto the lower spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 layer, preventing localized stress concentration that could damage the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 or deform the pressure-bearing box 11. The force-transmitting piston 14 can move downwards synchronously with the sinking of the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 layer, thereby causing the superstructure to sink together and achieving settlement adjustment.

[0034] The working principle of the non-uniform settlement active leveling device 1 provided in this embodiment is as follows: During the construction stage of the building foundation 5, a groove matching the size of the pressure box 11 is pre-set directly below each vertical load-bearing component. The pressure box 11 is embedded in the groove and fixed. Spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 is filled into the pressure box 11 to a set height. Then, the force-transmitting piston 14 is placed on top of the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12. The superstructure is constructed above the force-transmitting piston 14. The load of the superstructure is evenly transmitted to the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 through the force-transmitting piston 14, and then transmitted to the pressure box 11 and the foundation 5 by the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12. During civil engineering and building construction and use, the settlement difference between adjacent vertical load-bearing components is monitored in real time. When the foundation settlement of a certain area is less than that of the adjacent area, which will cause the superstructure to tilt, the gate mechanism 13 corresponding to that area is operated to open the discharge ball hole 111 and release an appropriate amount of spherical pressure-bearing medium 12. As the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 is discharged, the top surface of the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 layer in the pressure box 11 sinks evenly, driving the force transmission piston 14 and the superstructure to sink synchronously until the settlement of that area is consistent with that of the adjacent area, the superstructure returns to a horizontal state, and then the gate mechanism 13 is closed to complete one leveling operation.

[0035] The embodiment of this application sets up a pressure box 11 filled with spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 between the foundation 5 and the superstructure. By utilizing the fluidity of the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 and the precise control of the gate mechanism 13, real-time dynamic adjustment of uneven settlement of the superstructure is achieved. This eliminates the need for large-scale foundation reinforcement or superstructure modification, making construction convenient, cost-effective, and with high leveling accuracy. It can effectively avoid damage to civil and building structures caused by uneven settlement, ensuring the safety and service life of civil and building structures.

[0036] In one embodiment, the gate mechanism 13 is configured to open two gates sequentially to release a single spherical pressure medium 12 at a time.

[0037] In this embodiment, the double-gate mechanism 13 includes a first gate and a second gate arranged sequentially along the medium flow direction of the drain orifice 111. An independent isolation chamber is formed between the two gates. The axial length of the isolation chamber is designed to precisely accommodate a single spherical pressure-bearing medium 12, and its radial dimension is consistent with the diameter of the drain orifice 111, allowing only a single spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 to pass through. Both gates adopt a sliding sealing gate structure, sealingly connected to the side wall of the pressure tank 11, capable of withstanding the compressive pressure of the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 within the tank, preventing medium leakage.

[0038] The working process of the double-gate mechanism 13 is as follows: Initially, both the first and second gates are closed, and the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 inside the pressure tank 11 is blocked inside the first gate. When it is necessary to release the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 for leveling, the first gate is opened first. At this time, under the action of the medium pressure inside the tank, one spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 enters the isolation chamber between the two gates; then the first gate is closed, completely isolating the isolation chamber from the inside of the pressure tank 11; next, the second gate is opened, and the single spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 in the isolation chamber is discharged from the drain hole 111 under the action of gravity; finally, the second gate is closed, completing one release operation of a single medium. If it is necessary to continue to adjust the settlement, the above steps can be repeated, releasing only one spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 each time.

[0039] This embodiment solves the technical problem of controlling the amount of medium released by a single gate by using a combination of double gates and an isolation chamber, thus achieving quantitative and controllable release of the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12. Each operation discharges only one medium, and the corresponding settlement of the upper structure is equal to the diameter of a single spherical pressure-bearing medium 12, enabling millimeter-level precise leveling and fully meeting the control requirements of civil engineering and building structures for uneven settlement.

[0040] In one embodiment, at least two vent holes 111 are symmetrically arranged circumferentially at the lower part of the pressure tank 11, and each vent hole 111 is provided with a corresponding gate mechanism 13.

[0041] Specifically, when two vent holes 111 are provided, the two holes are arranged along opposite radial sides of the pressure tank 11, with the line connecting their centers passing through the axis of the pressure tank 11. When three or more vent holes 111 are provided, the holes are evenly spaced along the circumference of the pressure tank 11, with the included angle between the centers of adjacent holes being equal. The centers of all vent holes 111 are on the same horizontal plane, and this horizontal plane is close to the bottom of the pressure tank 11, ensuring that the spherical pressure medium 12 inside the tank can be discharged to the maximum extent during the leveling process, thereby obtaining the maximum settlement adjustment range. The structural dimensions of each vent hole 111 are completely identical, and the corresponding double gate mechanism 13 also adopts the same specifications and control method, ensuring that the medium release rate and single release volume of each hole are exactly the same.

[0042] The working process of this symmetrical arrangement structure is as follows: When settlement adjustment of the upper structure is required, all symmetrically arranged double-gate mechanisms 13 are activated simultaneously. Each gate mechanism 13 strictly follows the synchronous operation procedure of opening two gates in sequence and releasing one spherical medium at a time. That is, all gate mechanisms 13 simultaneously open the first gate. After a spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 enters its respective isolation chamber, the first gate is closed simultaneously. Then, the second gate is opened simultaneously to discharge the medium, and finally, the second gate is closed simultaneously. Through this synchronous operation, the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 in the pressure tank 11 is evenly discharged from multiple symmetrical positions, and the medium layer sinks evenly as a whole, driving the upper force-transmitting piston 14 to move downward in a horizontal state at all times.

[0043] This embodiment solves the problems of tilting of the force transmission piston 14 and local stress concentration that are prone to occur when adjusting a single venting hole 111 by symmetrically arranging multiple independent venting holes 111 and gate mechanism 13 around the pressure box 11. It ensures that the upper load is always evenly transmitted to the entire spherical pressure medium 12 layer during the leveling process, and avoids problems such as premature wear of the spherical pressure medium 12, deformation of the pressure box 11 or additional stress in the upper structure caused by uneven force transmission. It significantly improves the operational stability and service life of the leveling device, and makes the settlement adjustment process more stable and controllable.

[0044] In one embodiment, the force-transmitting piston 14 includes a force-transmitting steel plate, a force-transmitting support column 142, and a piston disc 141, which are fixedly connected from top to bottom. The piston disc 141 extends into the pressure-bearing box 11 and contacts the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12. The force-transmitting steel plate is used to connect with the pre-embedded steel plate 21 pre-embedded in the upper force-transmitting conversion unit 2 through a detachable connector 22.

[0045] The piston disc 141 is a disc-shaped or plate-shaped structure adapted to the cross-section of the inner cavity of the pressure-bearing box 11. Its outer diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the pressure-bearing box 11, allowing it to slide freely vertically within the pressure-bearing box 11. The bottom surface of the piston disc 141 is a flat pressure-bearing surface that extends completely into the pressure-bearing box 11 and makes full contact with the top surface of the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12. This allows the upper load to be evenly distributed throughout the entire spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 layer, avoiding localized stress concentration.

[0046] The force transmission support 142 is vertically positioned at the center of the top surface of the piston disc 141, with its lower end fixedly connected to the top surface of the piston disc 141 and its upper end fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the force transmission steel plate. As a core force transmission component, the force transmission support 142 efficiently transmits the concentrated load borne by the force transmission steel plate to the piston disc 141, while ensuring the overall structural rigidity and stability of the force transmission piston 14 and preventing bending deformation under load.

[0047] The force-transmitting steel plate is a horizontally arranged high-strength steel plate with a flat top surface for docking with the pre-embedded steel plate 21 pre-cast at the bottom of the upper force-transmitting conversion unit 2. Corresponding connection holes are provided on the force-transmitting steel plate and the pre-embedded steel plate 21, and a rigid connection is achieved through detachable connectors 22 such as bolts and pins. This ensures the reliability of load transfer during construction and also provides a quick separation interface for the later recovery of the leveling device.

[0048] This embodiment achieves uniform diffusion of the concentrated load in the upper part to the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 layers through a layered force transmission structure of force transmission steel plate-force transmission support 142-piston disc 141, effectively avoiding medium damage or box deformation caused by local stress concentration; at the same time, the detachable connection design between the force transmission steel plate and the upper embedded steel plate 21 solves the problem of separating the leveling device from the upper structure, providing a structural foundation 5 for the overall recycling and reuse of the core device, and significantly improving the economy and practicality of the device.

[0049] In one embodiment, reference is made to Figure 2 The force transmission support 142 includes a hollow support cylinder 1421, with an inner reinforcing rib 1422 on the inner side of the support cylinder 1421, and / or an outer reinforcing rib 1423 on the outer side of the support cylinder 1421.

[0050] The support cylinder 1421 is a cylindrical hollow cylinder made of high-strength steel rolled and welded. Its upper and lower ends are welded and fixed to the bottom surface of the force transmission steel plate and the top surface of the piston disc 141, respectively. The cross-sectional dimensions of the hollow cylinder are designed according to the maximum load of the superstructure. By reasonably selecting the cylinder diameter and wall thickness, the self-weight of the force transmission support 142 is significantly reduced while ensuring sufficient compressive strength. At the same time, it obtains a larger moment of inertia than a solid support of the same weight, significantly improving its resistance to bending deformation.

[0051] The inner reinforcing ribs 1422 are longitudinal steel strips arranged along the axial direction of the support cylinder 1421, welded and fixed to the inner wall of the support cylinder 1421. The number of ribs is typically 2 to 8, evenly distributed circumferentially along the cylinder wall. The inner reinforcing ribs 1422 effectively enhance the local stability of the cylinder wall of the support cylinder 1421, preventing inward buckling under heavy loads. The outer reinforcing ribs 1423 are also longitudinal steel strips arranged along the axial direction of the support cylinder 1421, welded and fixed to the outer wall of the support cylinder 1421. Their number and distribution are the same as the inner reinforcing ribs 1422, mainly used to enhance the overall bending stiffness and resistance to outward bulging deformation of the support cylinder 1421. Depending on the actual load requirements of the project, it is possible to choose to install only the inner reinforcing ribs 1422, only the outer reinforcing ribs 1423, or both, to achieve the optimal balance between structural strength and material cost.

[0052] This embodiment employs a combination structure of hollow support cylinder 1421 and longitudinal reinforcing ribs. While ensuring that the force transmission support column 142 has sufficient compressive strength and overall rigidity, it effectively reduces the overall weight of the force transmission piston 14, thereby reducing material costs and on-site installation difficulty. At the same time, the reinforcing ribs significantly improve the local stability of the support cylinder 1421, preventing buckling deformation of the cylinder wall under large loads, and further enhancing the reliability of the force transmission path and the service life of the device.

[0053] On the other hand, refer to Figure 1 This embodiment also provides a leveling system for uneven settlement in civil or building engineering projects, comprising: The above-mentioned active leveling device for uneven settlement 1; The force transmission conversion unit 2 is disposed above the force transmission piston 14 and is used to support the upper vertical load-bearing component and transmit the load. The force transmission conversion unit 2 and the force transmission piston 14 are connected by a detachable connector 22. The permanent structure reserved unit 3 is anchored in the foundation 5 and passes through the force transmission conversion unit 2, and is used to pour concrete to form a permanent load-bearing structure after the uneven settlement is stabilized. A settlement monitoring unit is installed on the force transmission conversion unit 2 to detect the settlement difference between adjacent supports.

[0054] The civil or building engineering uneven settlement leveling system of this application embodiment organically integrates the above-mentioned uneven settlement active leveling device 1 with the building foundation 5 system, realizing a complete engineering application process from device installation, dynamic leveling to permanent structure formation. It can ensure the horizontal state of the superstructure throughout the process before the uneven settlement of the foundation stabilizes, and at the same time provide complete system support for the recycling and reuse of the core leveling device.

[0055] The force transfer unit 2 is located above the force transfer piston 14 of the leveling device and serves as the load transfer carrier between the superstructure and the leveling device. The force transfer unit 2 is constructed of reinforced concrete, possessing sufficient strength and rigidity. Its top surface directly supports the upper vertical load-bearing components (such as columns and shear walls), while its bottom surface is rigidly connected to the force transfer piston 14 via a detachable connector 22. This allows for the uniform and stable transfer of the vertical load from the superstructure to the leveling device below. The detachable connection design enables rapid separation between the force transfer unit 2 and the leveling device, facilitating the subsequent recovery of the leveling device.

[0056] The permanent structural reserved unit 3 is anchored inside the building foundation 5. Its upper end extends upward and passes through the reserved hole of the force transfer unit 2. During the leveling stage, it does not participate in load transfer but only serves as the embedded skeleton of the permanent load-bearing structure. After the uneven settlement of the foundation is completely stabilized and leveled, concrete is poured with the reserved unit as the skeleton to form a permanent load-bearing structure, which replaces the leveling device to bear all the loads of the superstructure.

[0057] The settlement monitoring unit is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the force transmission conversion unit 2 to detect the settlement difference between adjacent supports in real time. By comparing the readings of the monitoring units on different force transmission conversion units 2, the occurrence and development of uneven settlement can be detected in a timely manner, providing accurate data for leveling operations and ensuring precise control of leveling mechanism and leveling amount.

[0058] The overall workflow of this system is as follows: During the foundation 5 construction phase, a leveling device installation groove is pre-reserved directly below the vertical load-bearing components, and a permanent structure pre-reserved unit 3 is simultaneously embedded; the leveling device is embedded in the groove, and the force transmission conversion unit 2 is installed and detachably connected to the force transmission piston 14; the upper main structure 4 is constructed normally above the force transmission conversion unit 2, while the settlement difference is continuously monitored through the settlement monitoring unit; when the settlement difference between adjacent supports exceeds the warning value, the gate mechanism 13 of the leveling device is operated to release the spherical pressure medium 12 and adjust the upper structure to a horizontal state; after the uneven settlement of the foundation stabilizes, the permanent load-bearing structure is poured using the permanent structure pre-reserved unit 3, and after it reaches the design strength, the connection between the force transmission conversion unit 2 and the leveling device is disconnected, and the leveling device is recycled for other projects.

[0059] This embodiment constructs a complete system consisting of "temporary leveling device + force transmission conversion + permanent structural reservation + real-time monitoring and leveling," which achieves dynamic, precise, and controllable handling of uneven settlement. This ensures structural safety during civil engineering and building construction and use, while also enabling the core leveling device to be recycled and reused, significantly reducing project costs. At the same time, the construction process is simple and convenient, without affecting the normal construction progress of the superstructure.

[0060] In one embodiment, the permanent structural reserved unit 3 includes multiple main reinforcement bars anchored to the foundation 5.

[0061] The main reinforcement bars are hot-rolled ribbed steel bars conforming to national standards. Their specifications and quantity are determined according to the design load of the upper vertical load-bearing components, usually 4 to 12 bars, and are evenly arranged around the circumference of the reserved holes in the force transfer unit 2. The lower end of each main reinforcement bar is firmly anchored to the concrete of the foundation 5 by means of hooks or mechanical anchoring. The anchoring length meets the requirements of the "Code for Design of Concrete Structures" to ensure that a reliable force transfer path is formed between the permanent structure and the foundation 5. The upper end of the main reinforcement bar extends vertically upward, passes through the corresponding reserved holes pre-drilled on the force transfer unit 2, and is higher than the top surface of the force transfer unit 2 by a certain length to meet the requirements of lap splicing or welding of permanent structural reinforcement bars.

[0062] During the operation of the leveling device, there is no bonded connection between the main reinforcement and the reserved holes of the force transfer unit 2. It exists only as a pre-embedded skeleton and does not participate in the transfer of the upper structure load. The upper structure load is entirely borne by the leveling device. After the uneven settlement of the foundation is completely stable and the upper structure is leveled in place, the surface of the main reinforcement is derusted, and stirrups are tied to the outside of the main reinforcement to form a complete steel reinforcement skeleton. The formwork is erected and concrete is poured to form a permanent reinforced concrete column that is rigidly connected to the foundation 5, replacing the leveling device to bear all the permanent loads of the upper structure.

[0063] This embodiment uses multiple pre-embedded main reinforcement bars as permanent structural reserved units 3. The structure is simple and easy to construct, and fully complies with the construction process and specifications of conventional building engineering. By pre-embedding the skeleton first and then pouring the structure in a step-by-step molding method, sufficient operating space is reserved for the recovery of the core leveling device without affecting the normal construction of the upper structure, while ensuring the mechanical performance and overall stability of the permanent load-bearing structure.

[0064] In one embodiment, the force transmission conversion unit 2 is a reinforced concrete force transmission beam, and the settlement monitoring unit is a settlement observation scale fixed to the side of the force transmission beam.

[0065] The reinforced concrete force transmission beam is a horizontally arranged reinforced concrete component. Its cross-sectional dimensions are designed according to the load size of the upper vertical load-bearing component, typically using a rectangular cross-section. The concrete strength grade is not lower than C30, and it is internally configured with reinforcing bars and stirrups, possessing sufficient compressive strength, flexural stiffness, and overall stability. An embedded steel plate 21, matching the size of the top force transmission steel plate of the force transmission piston 14, is pre-embedded at the center of the bottom surface of the force transmission beam. This embedded steel plate 21 is welded and fixed to the internal reinforcing bars of the force transmission beam and rigidly connected to the force transmission steel plate of the lower force transmission piston 14 via a detachable connector 22, forming a continuous vertical force transmission path. Multiple vertically penetrating reserved holes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the force transmission beam for inserting the main reinforcing bars of the permanent structural reserved unit 3. The diameter of the reserved holes is larger than the diameter of the main reinforcing bars, ensuring that the force transmission beam can move freely up and down with the leveling device during the leveling stage, unconstrained by the main reinforcing bars. The top surface of the load-transfer beam is a flat construction surface, which directly serves as the foundation for casting the upper vertical load-bearing components (columns, shear walls). The load of the upper structure is evenly transferred to the leveling device below through the load-transfer beam.

[0066] The settlement observation scale is made of high-precision aluminum alloy or stainless steel, with millimeter-level graduations printed on its surface. It is securely fixed to the center of the outer facade of the reinforced concrete load-bearing beam using expansion bolts or welding. The zero mark of the scale is flush with the top or bottom surface of the load-bearing beam, and the installation reference for the scales on all load-bearing beams remains consistent. During construction and use, the readings of the scales on each load-bearing beam are periodically observed using a level instrument. The difference in readings between adjacent load-bearing beams is calculated to obtain the settlement difference between adjacent supports. When the settlement difference exceeds a preset warning value (e.g., 3mm), the corresponding leveling device can be activated for settlement adjustment.

[0067] This embodiment uses a conventional reinforced concrete force transmission beam as the force transmission conversion unit 2. The structure is simple, the construction technology is mature, and it fully complies with the existing construction specifications for building engineering. No special construction equipment or technology is required, which is convenient for on-site construction personnel to operate. At the same time, a settlement observation scale directly fixed to the side of the force transmission beam is used as the monitoring unit. There is no need to set up a complicated electronic monitoring system. It is low-cost, intuitive and reliable. The measurement results directly reflect the actual settlement state of the superstructure. There is no intermediate transmission error. It can provide accurate data basis for leveling operation and realize the integrated integration of force transmission function and monitoring function.

[0068] On another front, embodiments of this application provide a method for leveling uneven settlement in civil or building engineering projects, based on the aforementioned uneven settlement leveling system for civil or building engineering projects, comprising the following steps: During the S1 foundation 5 construction phase, a groove for installing the pressure box 11 is reserved directly below the vertical load-bearing components, and permanent structural main reinforcement is pre-embedded. During construction, according to the design drawings, an installation groove matching the size of the pressure box 11 is simultaneously poured directly below each upper vertical load-bearing component. The bottom of the groove needs to be leveled and compacted to ensure that the flatness meets the installation requirements of the pressure box 11. At the same time, permanent structural main reinforcement is symmetrically pre-embedded around the groove. The lower end of the main reinforcement is firmly anchored inside the concrete of foundation 5, and the upper end extends vertically upward to the preset height. A temporary anti-rust protective layer is applied to the surface of the main reinforcement to prevent corrosion caused by long-term exposure to the elements. S2 embeds the pressure-bearing box 11 into the groove, fills the box with a spherical pressure-bearing medium 12, and installs the force-transmitting piston 14. S3 constructs a force conversion structure above the force transmission piston 14, so that the force conversion structure and the force transmission piston 14 can be detachably connected. S4 constructs the upper main structure 4 above the force transmission conversion structure, and simultaneously monitors the settlement difference of adjacent supports; When the settlement difference exceeds the warning value, the gate mechanism 13 of the box 11 with relatively less settlement is operated to release the spherical pressure medium 12 and actively adjust the settlement of the upper structure to a horizontal position. After the uneven settlement of S6 stabilizes, concrete is poured using the pre-embedded permanent structural reinforcement bars to form a permanent load-bearing structure. S7 disconnects the force transmission conversion structure from the force transmission piston 14, discharges the spherical pressure-bearing medium 12 from the box, and recovers the pressure-bearing box 11 for reuse.

[0069] This construction method seamlessly integrates the installation of the leveling device with the conventional building construction process, without affecting the normal construction progress of the superstructure. It requires no large-scale specialized equipment and is simple and convenient to operate. The dynamic leveling mechanism can correct settlement differences at any time, ensuring the safety of civil and building structures throughout the process. At the same time, it enables the recycling and reuse of the core leveling device, significantly reducing the overall project cost and demonstrating significant economic and social benefits.

[0070] In one embodiment, in step S5, when multiple discharge holes 111 are provided, the gate mechanism 13 of the multiple discharge holes 111 is opened in sequence, and each time a single spherical pressure medium 12 is released. And / or, step S6 specifically involves: after the uneven settlement has stabilized, removing rust from the main reinforcement bars of the permanent structure, tying the stirrups and setting up the formwork, pouring concrete and curing it to the design strength to form a permanent load-bearing structure.

[0071] When the pressure tank 11 of the leveling device has multiple symmetrically arranged vent holes 111 at its lower part, the leveling operation in step S5 must strictly follow the principle of sequential opening and synchronous single-ball release. Specifically, the double gate mechanisms 13 corresponding to all vent holes 111 must be executed synchronously according to a unified operating sequence: First, the first gate of all gate mechanisms 13 is opened simultaneously. After each isolation chamber has received a spherical pressure medium 12, all first gates are closed simultaneously to completely isolate each chamber from the interior of the pressure tank 11. Then, the second gate of all gate mechanisms 13 is opened to allow the single spherical pressure medium 12 in each chamber to be discharged synchronously. Finally, all second gates are closed to complete one leveling cycle. If further adjustment of the settlement is required, the above cycle can be repeated, with each vent hole 111 releasing only one spherical pressure medium 12 in each cycle.

[0072] This operating method ensures that the spherical pressure medium 12 is evenly discharged from multiple symmetrical positions of the pressure tank 11, and the medium layer inside the tank always remains horizontal and sinks evenly, thereby driving the force transmission piston 14, the force transmission conversion structure and the upper structure to move horizontally downward as a whole, completely avoiding problems such as tilting of the force transmission piston 14 and additional torsional stress in the upper structure caused by single discharge bead 111 or asynchronous operation.

[0073] The construction of the permanent load-bearing structure in step S6 is carried out according to the following process: First, confirm that the uneven settlement of the foundation has been completely stabilized (usually judged by no significant change in settlement observation data for three consecutive months), and that the superstructure has been leveled to the design requirements; then, remove the temporary anti-rust protective layer on the surface of the main reinforcement of the permanent structure, and thoroughly remove the rust from the main reinforcement using a wire brush or sandblasting method to expose the metal color of the steel bars; next, tie the stirrups on the outside of the main reinforcement at the design spacing to form a complete steel reinforcement skeleton, and firmly tie the stirrups to the main reinforcement with binding wire; then, erect the formwork for the permanent load-bearing structure, ensuring that the formwork is firmly supported and the joints are tight to prevent grout leakage; finally, pour concrete that meets the design strength grade, compact it with a vibrator, and cure it according to the specifications until the concrete strength reaches 100% of the design strength, forming a permanent reinforced concrete load-bearing structure rigidly connected to the foundation 5. At this point, the entire load of the superstructure will be borne by the permanent load-bearing structure.

[0074] This embodiment refines the synchronous leveling operation process of the multi-leaking bead 111, ensuring the stability and uniformity of the settlement adjustment process and effectively avoiding secondary damage to the superstructure caused by the leveling operation. At the same time, it clarifies the standardized construction steps of the permanent load-bearing structure, ensuring the mechanical performance of the permanent structure and the reliability of its connection with the foundation 5, laying a solid foundation for the safe recovery of the core leveling device in the future.

[0075] In the description herein, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and other orientations or positional relationships are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used merely for descriptive distinction and have no special meaning.

[0076] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0077] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style of the specification is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0078] The technical principles of this application have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. These descriptions are merely for explaining the principles of this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application in any way. Based on this explanation, those skilled in the art can readily conceive of other specific embodiments of this application without inventive effort, and these embodiments will all fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An active leveling device for uneven settlement, characterized in that, include: A pressure-bearing box (11) is used to fix it on the foundation (5) of a civil engineering or building structure; the lower part of the pressure-bearing box (11) is provided with a drain hole (111); A spherical pressure-bearing medium (12) is filled inside the pressure-bearing box (11) to transfer the load of the superstructure; A gate mechanism (13) is provided at the discharge bead hole (111) to control the release amount of the spherical pressure-bearing medium (12); The force-transmitting piston (14) is movably disposed on the top of the spherical pressure-bearing medium (12) to uniformly transmit the upper load to the spherical pressure-bearing medium (12).

2. The active leveling device for uneven settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gate mechanism (13) is configured to open two gates in sequence to release a single spherical pressure medium (12) at a time.

3. The active leveling device for uneven settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure tank (11) has at least two vent holes (111) arranged symmetrically along the circumference at its lower part, and each vent hole (111) is provided with a corresponding gate mechanism (13).

4. The active leveling device for uneven settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The force-transmitting piston (14) includes a force-transmitting steel plate, a force-transmitting support column (142), and a piston disc (141) that are fixedly connected from top to bottom. The piston disc (141) extends into the pressure-bearing box (11) and contacts the spherical pressure-bearing medium (12). The force-transmitting steel plate is used to connect with the pre-embedded steel plate (21) pre-embedded in the upper force-transmitting conversion unit (2) through a detachable connector (22).

5. The active leveling device for uneven settlement according to claim 4, characterized in that, The force transmission support (142) includes a hollow support cylinder (1421), the inner side of which is provided with an inner reinforcing rib (1422), and / or the outer side of which is provided with an outer reinforcing rib (1423).

6. A leveling system for uneven settlement in civil engineering or building construction, characterized in that, include: The non-uniform settlement active leveling device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5; The force conversion unit (2) is located above the force transmission piston (14) and is used to support the upper vertical load-bearing component and transmit the load. The force conversion unit (2) and the force transmission piston (14) are connected by a detachable connector (22). The permanent structure reserved unit (3) is anchored in the foundation (5) and passes through the force transmission conversion unit (2) to form a permanent load-bearing structure after uneven settlement is stabilized; A settlement monitoring unit is installed on the force transmission conversion unit (2) and is used to detect the settlement difference between adjacent supports.

7. The leveling system for uneven settlement in civil engineering or building construction according to claim 6, characterized in that, The permanent structural reserved unit (3) includes multiple main reinforcement bars anchored to the foundation (5).

8. The leveling system for uneven settlement in civil engineering or building construction according to claim 6, characterized in that, The force transmission conversion unit (2) is a reinforced concrete force transmission beam, and the settlement monitoring unit is a settlement observation scale fixed to the side of the force transmission beam.

9. A method for leveling uneven settlement in civil engineering or building construction, characterized in that, Based on the uneven settlement leveling system for civil or building engineering as described in any one of claims 6-8, the system includes the following steps: During the S1 foundation construction phase, a groove for installing the pressure box is reserved directly below the vertical load-bearing components, and permanent structural main reinforcement is pre-embedded. S2 embeds the pressure-bearing box into the groove, fills the box with spherical pressure-bearing medium, and installs the force-transmitting piston; S3 has a force conversion structure installed above the force transmission piston, so that the force conversion structure and the force transmission piston can be detachably connected. S4 constructs the upper main structure above the force transfer structure, and simultaneously monitors the settlement difference of adjacent supports; When the settlement difference exceeds the warning value, the gate mechanism of the box at the relatively less settlement point releases the spherical pressure medium and actively adjusts the settlement of the upper structure to a horizontal position. After the uneven settlement of S6 has stabilized, concrete is poured using the pre-embedded permanent structural main reinforcement to form a permanent load-bearing structure. S7 disconnects the force transmission conversion structure from the force transmission piston, discharges the spherical pressure medium inside the box, and recovers the pressure box for reuse.

10. The construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S5, when multiple ball discharge holes are provided, the gate mechanism of the multiple ball discharge holes is opened in sequence, and each time a single spherical pressure medium is released. And / or, step S6 specifically involves: after the uneven settlement has stabilized, removing rust from the main reinforcement bars of the permanent structure, tying the stirrups and setting up the formwork, pouring concrete and curing it to the design strength, thus forming a permanent load-bearing structure.

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