Self-pressurized lubrication inner spray cantilever structure and heading machine

Abstract

The application provides a self-pressurized lubrication inner spray cantilever structure and a heading machine. The self-pressurized lubrication inner spray cantilever structure provided by the application forms a water cavity and an oil cavity between multiple rotary sealing rings, and utilizes the pressure of high-pressure water to drive a piston to pressurize lubricating oil, so that the lubricating oil can be forced to inject into the oil cavity under the action of the high-pressure water, and the rotary sealing rings on both sides of the water cavity are continuously lubricated. The innovative design of "driving oil pressure by water pressure" converts the high-pressure water into a driving power source for lubrication, fundamentally changes the working mode of the rotary sealing, and significantly improves the service life of the rotary sealing. Meanwhile, through cooperation of a one-way valve and a spring, automatic replenishment of the lubricating oil is realized, and the reliability of long-term operation is ensured. The application has a compact structure and is convenient to maintain, and can be widely applied to various heading machines and other rotary water sealing devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of excavation technology, and in particular to a self-pressurized lubricated internal spray cantilever structure and a tunneling machine. Background Technology

[0002] As a key piece of tunneling equipment in coal mines, tunnels, and underground engineering, the internal spray system of the cutting section of the tunneling machine is the core device for dust control. During tunneling operations, the high-speed cutting of coal and rock by the cutting teeth generates a large amount of dust, accompanied by the risk of sparks, seriously threatening operational safety and miners' health. Internal spray technology delivers high-pressure water through the internal channels of the cutting head to the nozzles, forming a water mist curtain near the cutting teeth. This not only effectively suppresses dust diffusion and achieves dust settling, but also has the comprehensive effect of cooling the cutting teeth and eliminating sparks. It is a recognized effective means of controlling dust at its source.

[0003] However, existing internal spray devices generally suffer from insufficient reliability in practical applications. Specifically, the internal spray water typically enters the cutting head shaft through a cantilevered cylinder and a sealing sleeve, and is then sprayed out by the cutting head. This process requires passing through the relative motion interface between rotating and stationary components, which relies on a rotating seal to seal the high-pressure water. Because the internal spray device is located at the output end of the transmission system, and the cutting head shaft has a large diameter, the seal diameter is also large, resulting in a high linear velocity. Under high-pressure water, unlubricated, and vibrating conditions, this seal is prone to excessive wear and premature failure.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for self-pressurized lubrication internal spray cantilever structures and tunneling machines to solve the problems existing in the current technology to a certain extent. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a self-pressurized lubricating internal spray cantilever structure and a tunneling machine. Two rotating seals are arranged on the outer sides of the rotating seals on both sides of the internal spray high-pressure water jet. At least one oil chamber and one water chamber are formed between adjacent seals. The oil chamber is connected to the oil box via a one-way valve, ensuring that lubricating oil can only flow from the oil box to the oil chamber. A piston is installed between the oil chamber and the water chamber. A seal installed on the piston isolates the lubricating oil from the water chamber. The one-way valve prevents the lubricating oil from flowing to the oil box. The high-pressure water in the water chamber acts on the piston to pressurize the lubricating oil, forcibly pressurizing and lubricating the rotating seals on both sides of the water chamber, thus improving the service life of the rotating seals.

[0006] This application provides a self-pressurized lubricating internal spray cantilever structure, including a cutting head shaft, a sealing sleeve, and a cylinder; the main body of the cutting head shaft passes through the cylinder, one end of the cylinder is connected to the main body of the cutting head shaft via a sealing assembly and a first bearing assembly, and the other end of the cylinder is connected to the main body of the cutting head shaft via the sealing sleeve and a second bearing assembly; the self-pressurized lubricating internal spray cantilever structure further includes: A rotary sealing ring is fitted between the main body of the cutting head shaft and the sealing sleeve; multiple rotary sealing rings are provided, and a cavity is formed between adjacent rotary sealing rings, between the main body of the cutting head shaft and the sealing sleeve, wherein at least one of the cavities is a water cavity, and at least one of the cavities is an oil cavity; A high-pressure water supply component is connected to the water chamber and is capable of supplying high-pressure water to the water chamber; A lubricating oil storage assembly has a storage section and a transmission section communicating with the storage section; the storage section is used to store lubricating oil, and the other end of the transmission section is communicating with the oil cavity through the sealing sleeve; The self-pressurizing regulating component has a pressure regulating section and a one-way valve; one end of the pressure regulating section is connected to the water chamber or the high-pressure water supply component, and the other end is connected to the transmission section; the one-way valve is located at the end of the transmission section near the storage section; the water chamber or the high-pressure water supply component can apply a preset pressure to the pressure regulating section to increase the pressure in the transmission section, so that the transmission section can actively supply oil to the oil chamber.

[0007] In the above technical solution, the cylinder further includes a first cylinder section, a second cylinder section, and a third cylinder section connected sequentially along the axial direction; The side of the first cylindrical section opposite to the second cylindrical section is connected to the main body of the cutting head shaft via the sealing assembly and the first bearing assembly; The sealing sleeve is located in the second cylindrical section and is fitted onto the main body of the cutting head shaft by the rotating sealing ring; The third cylindrical section encloses an installation cavity for mounting the storage unit, part of the high-pressure water supply assembly, and part of the transmission unit.

[0008] In the above technical solution, the lubricating oil storage component further includes: An oil box serves as the storage unit; the side wall of the third cylindrical section is recessed inward toward the axial direction with a first mounting groove, and the oil box is embedded in the first mounting groove; the end cap of the lubricating oil is provided with an oil filling hole and an oil window; A transmission pipe, which serves as the transmission unit; one end of the transmission pipe is connected to the oil box, and the other end is connected to the oil cavity through the sealing sleeve; the one-way valve is located on the side of the transmission pipe near the oil box.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the sealing sleeve is further provided with a pressure transmission hole communicating with the water cavity at the position corresponding to the water cavity, and the sealing sleeve is provided with an oil guide hole communicating with the oil cavity at the position corresponding to the oil cavity; the pressure transmission hole and the oil guide hole start from the inner side wall of the sealing sleeve, extend along the radial direction of the sealing sleeve toward the outer side wall of the sealing sleeve, and terminate at the sealing sleeve at a preset position; Corresponding to the position of the pressure transmission hole, the sealing sleeve has a second mounting groove recessed from its outer side wall toward the axial direction, with the bottom wall communicating with the pressure transmission hole; the side wall with the second mounting groove has through holes extending in the axial direction and communicating with the oil guide hole and the transmission pipe respectively. The pressure regulating unit includes: The piston is positioned in the second mounting groove via a sealing ring; An end cap is provided at the open end of the second mounting groove to seal the second mounting groove; A spring is disposed in the second mounting groove, and its two ends abut against the piston and the end cap respectively; when the high-pressure water assembly supplies high-pressure water to the water chamber, the water in the water chamber has a preset pressure, and the water with the preset pressure acts on the lubricating oil through the piston, so that the oil can be actively supplied to the oil chamber through the transmission pipe, the through hole and the oil guide hole.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the cylinder further includes a telescopic inner cylinder, a telescopic protective cylinder connected to the telescopic inner cylinder, and a telescopic outer cylinder; The side of the telescopic inner cylinder opposite to the telescopic protective cylinder is connected to the main body of the cutting head shaft through the sealing assembly and the first bearing assembly; the sealing sleeve is located in the telescopic inner cylinder and is fitted onto the main body of the cutting head shaft through the rotating sealing ring; The telescopic protective cylinder is provided with a mounting box at the end opposite to the telescopic inner cylinder; One end of the telescopic outer cylinder is located on the telescopic protective cylinder and can be telescopically moved relative to the telescopic inner cylinder in the axial direction; the other end of the telescopic outer cylinder extends out of the telescopic protective cylinder in a direction away from the telescopic inner cylinder.

[0011] In the above technical solution, the lubricating oil storage component further includes: An oil box serves as the storage unit; the side wall of the mounting housing is recessed inward toward the axial direction with a third mounting groove, and the oil box is embedded in the third mounting groove; the end cap of the lubricating oil is provided with an oil filling hole and an oil window; A transmission pipeline, which serves as the transmission unit; the transmission pipeline includes a first oil supply section and a second oil supply section connected to the first oil supply section within the mounting housing; one end of the first oil supply section is connected to the oil box, and the other end passes sequentially through the telescopic protective cylinder and the telescopic inner cylinder, and is connected to the oil cavity through the sealing sleeve; the one-way valve is located within the mounting housing and is disposed on the side of the first oil supply section near the oil box.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the sealing sleeve is further provided with a guide hole corresponding to the position of the water cavity, which is respectively connected to the high-pressure water supply component and the water cavity; the sealing sleeve is provided with an oil guide hole corresponding to the position of the oil cavity, which is respectively connected to the oil cavity and the first oil supply section. The high-pressure water supply component includes a water supply pipeline, which includes a main water supply section and a first branch water supply section and a second branch water supply section respectively connected to the main water supply section; the first branch water supply section is connected to the guide hole. The mounting box has a fourth mounting groove recessed from its outer side wall toward the interior, and the bottom wall with the fourth mounting groove is connected to the second branch water supply section; the side wall with the fourth mounting groove is connected to the second oil supply section. The pressure regulating unit includes: The piston is positioned in the fourth mounting groove via a sealing ring; An end cap, disposed at the open end of the fourth mounting groove, to seal the fourth mounting groove; and A spring is disposed in the fourth mounting groove, and its two ends abut against the piston and the end cap respectively; when the high-pressure water assembly supplies high-pressure water to the water chamber, a preset pressure can be applied to the piston through the second branch water supply section; the piston with the preset pressure acts on the lubricating oil, so that the lubricating oil can be actively supplied to the oil chamber through the second oil supply section and the first oil supply section.

[0013] In the above technical solution, four rotary sealing rings are provided, and three chambers are arranged between adjacent rotary sealing rings, between the main body of the cutting head shaft and the sealing sleeve; the middle chamber is the water chamber, and the two chambers adjacent to the water chamber are the oil chambers.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the sealing assembly further includes a sealing cap and a sealing ring; the sealing cap is disposed at the end of the cylinder through the sealing ring. The first bearing assembly includes a first bearing, which is sleeved between the cylinder and the main body of the cutting head shaft, and close to the sealing assembly; The second bearing assembly includes a second bearing, which is sleeved between the cylinder and the main body of the cutting head shaft, and close to the sealing sleeve.

[0015] This application also provides a tunneling machine including the aforementioned self-pressurized lubricated internal spray cantilever structure.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects: This application provides a self-pressurized lubricating internal spray cantilever structure, including a cutting head shaft, a sealing sleeve, and a cylinder; the main body of the cutting head shaft passes through the cylinder, one end of the cylinder is connected to the main body of the cutting head shaft via a sealing assembly and a first bearing assembly, and the other end of the cylinder is connected to the main body of the cutting head shaft via the sealing sleeve and a second bearing assembly; the self-pressurized lubricating internal spray cantilever structure further includes: A rotary sealing ring is fitted between the main body of the cutting head shaft and the sealing sleeve; multiple rotary sealing rings are provided, and a cavity is formed between adjacent rotary sealing rings, between the main body of the cutting head shaft and the sealing sleeve, wherein at least one of the cavities is a water cavity, and at least one of the cavities is an oil cavity; A high-pressure water supply component is connected to the water chamber and is capable of supplying high-pressure water to the water chamber; A lubricating oil storage assembly has a storage section and a transmission section communicating with the storage section; the storage section is used to store lubricating oil, and the other end of the transmission section is communicating with the oil cavity through the sealing sleeve; The self-pressurizing regulating component has a pressure regulating section and a one-way valve; one end of the pressure regulating section is connected to the water chamber or the high-pressure water supply component, and the other end is connected to the transmission section; the one-way valve is located at the end of the transmission section near the storage section; the water chamber or the high-pressure water supply component can apply a preset pressure to the pressure regulating section to increase the pressure in the transmission section, so that the transmission section can actively supply oil to the oil chamber.

[0017] In summary, the self-pressurized lubrication internal spray cantilever structure provided in this application forms water and oil chambers between multiple rotating seal rings. It utilizes the pressure of high-pressure water to drive a piston, pressurizing the lubricating oil and forcing it into the oil chamber under high pressure, continuously lubricating the rotating seal rings on both sides of the water chamber. This innovative design, "water pressure driving oil pressure," transforms high-pressure water into a power source for lubrication. This simple structure requires no additional lubrication power source, fundamentally changing the working mode of the rotating seal and significantly improving its service life. Simultaneously, the automatic replenishment of lubricating oil is achieved through the cooperation of a one-way valve and a spring, ensuring long-term operational reliability. This application features a compact structure, is easy to maintain, and can be widely applied to various tunneling machines and other rotating water seal equipment.

[0018] This application also provides a tunneling machine including the aforementioned self-pressurized lubricated internal spray cantilever structure. Therefore, all the beneficial effects of the self-pressurized lubricated internal spray cantilever structure are not elaborated here. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 The schematic diagram provided for this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the self-pressurized lubrication internal spray cantilever structure provided in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the hidden cylindrical body; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional view from a first-person perspective; Figure 5 for Figure 4 AA section view in the middle; Figure 6 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional view from a second perspective; Figure 7 for Figure 6 BB section view in the middle; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of point C in the image; Figure 9 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the sealing sleeve from a first-view perspective; Figure 10 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the sealing sleeve from a second perspective; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the self-pressurized lubrication internal spray cantilever structure provided in Embodiment 2 of this application from a first-view perspective. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the self-pressurized lubrication internal spray cantilever structure provided in Embodiment 2 of this application from a second perspective. Figure 13 for Figure 12 Side view; Figure 14 for Figure 13 DD section view in the middle; Figure 15 for Figure 14 Enlarged view of point E in the image; Figure 16 for Figure 13 FF section view; Figure 17 for Figure 16 Enlarged view of point G in the image; Figure 18 for Figure 13 HH section view in the image.

[0021] Reference numerals: 1-Cutting head shaft; 102-Cylinder body; 103-Sealing assembly; 105-Sealing sleeve; 107-First cylinder section; 108-Second cylinder section; 109-Third cylinder section; 110-Mounting cavity; 111-Telescopic inner cylinder; 112-Telescopic protective cylinder; 113-Telescopic outer cylinder; 114-Mounting box; 115-Sealing cover; 116-Sealing ring body; 117-First bearing; 118-Second bearing; 119-Water inlet; 120-Water outlet; 121-Water outlet channel; 2-Rotary sealing ring; 201-Water cavity; 202-Oil cavity; 301 - Water supply pipeline; 302 - Main water supply section; 305 - Water supply hole; 4-Lubricating oil storage assembly; 401-Storage section; 402-Transfer section; 403-Oil box; 404-End cap; 405-Adding port; 406-Oil window; 407-Transfer pipe; 408-Pressure transmission port; 409-Oil guide hole; 410-Second mounting slot; 411-Through hole; 412-First oil supply section; 415-Fourth mounting slot; 417-Exhaust valve; 501 - Pressure regulating unit; 502 - Check valve; 503 - Piston; 504 - Sealing ring; 505 - Spring; 6-Positioning shaft assembly; 601-Second vent hole; 602-Oil nozzle; 603-Positioning pin. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following detailed embodiments are provided to aid the reader in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the methods, apparatus, and / or systems described herein. However, various changes, modifications, and equivalents of the methods, apparatus, and / or systems described herein will be apparent after understanding the disclosure of this application. For example, the order of operations described herein is merely illustrative and is not limited to the order set forth herein; changes that will be apparent after understanding the disclosure of this application are possible, except for operations that must occur in a specific order. Furthermore, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of features known in the art may be omitted.

[0023] In response to the technical problems mentioned in the background art, this application provides a self-pressurized lubrication internal spray cantilever structure and tunneling machine, which aims to fundamentally improve the working conditions of the rotary seal and extend its service life.

[0024] Figure 1 The schematic diagram provided for this application illustrates the core concept of self-pressurized lubrication. Combined with... Figure 1 As shown, the core idea of ​​this application is to utilize the pressure energy of the internal spray high-pressure water itself to pressurize the lubricating oil, enabling the lubricating oil to actively inject into the oil cavity, thereby achieving forced lubrication of the rotary seal ring. This "water pressure driving oil pressure" technical approach transforms the high-pressure water that originally caused the seal failure into a power source for driving lubrication, fundamentally changing the working mode of the rotary seal.

[0025] The technical solution of this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0026] Example 1 Combination Figures 2 to 10 As shown, Embodiment 1 of this application provides a self-pressurized lubricated internal spray cantilever structure, including a cutting head shaft 1, a sealing sleeve 105, and a cylinder 102. The main body of the cutting head shaft 1 (which is provided with a water inlet hole 119, a water outlet channel 121 (extending axially) and a water outlet hole 120) passes through the cylinder 102. One end of the cylinder 102 is connected to the main body of the cutting head shaft 1 via a sealing assembly 103 and a first bearing assembly, and the other end of the cylinder 102 is connected to the main body of the cutting head shaft 1 via a sealing sleeve 105 and a second bearing assembly. The cutting head shaft 1 serves as a power output component, with one end connected to the output end of the reducer of the tunneling machine, and the other end fitted with a cutting head (not shown in the figure), which rotates during operation driven by the reducer. The cylinder 102 serves as a support structure, fixedly mounted on the reducer housing of the tunneling machine, providing stable support for the rotating cutting head shaft 1. The sealing assembly 103, the first bearing assembly, the sealing sleeve 105, and the second bearing assembly are respectively disposed at both ends of the cylinder 102, together realizing the rotational support and sealing functions between the cutting head shaft 1 and the cylinder 102.

[0027] Specifically, in combination Figure 4 As shown, the sealing assembly 103 includes a sealing cover 115 and a sealing ring 116. The sealing cover 115 is disposed at the end of the cylinder 102 via the sealing ring 116. The first bearing assembly includes a first bearing 117, which is sleeved between the cylinder 102 and the main body of the cutting head shaft 1 and is disposed close to the sealing assembly 103. The second bearing assembly includes a second bearing 118, which is sleeved between the cylinder 102 and the main body of the cutting head shaft 1 and is disposed close to the sealing sleeve 105. The first bearing 117 and the second bearing 118 can be in the form of rolling bearings to bear the radial load and a certain axial load of the cutting head shaft 1, ensuring that the cutting head shaft 1 can rotate smoothly.

[0028] In this embodiment of the application, a rotating sealing ring 2 is added between the main body of the cutting head shaft 1 and the sealing sleeve 105, and multiple rotating sealing rings 2 are provided. Combined with... Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, a cavity is formed between adjacent rotating sealing rings 2, between the main body of the cutting head shaft 1, and between the sealing sleeve 105, wherein at least one cavity is a water cavity 201, and at least another cavity is an oil cavity 202. This multi-seal ring arrangement transforms the traditional single sealing interface into a combination structure of multiple sealing cavities, providing a spatial basis for achieving self-pressurized lubrication.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, combined with Figure 8 As shown, four rotary sealing rings 2 are provided, and three chambers are formed between adjacent rotary sealing rings 2, the main body of the cutting head shaft 1, and the sealing sleeve 105. The middle chamber is a water chamber 201, and the two chambers adjacent to the water chamber 201 are oil chambers 202. The water chamber 201 is used to contain high-pressure water, while the two oil chambers 202 on both sides are used to contain lubricating oil to lubricate the rotary sealing rings 2 on both sides of the water chamber 201. This symmetrical arrangement ensures that the rotary sealing rings 2 on both sides of the high-pressure water chamber 201 receive forced lubrication, resulting in balanced force and better sealing performance. It is understood that the number of rotary sealing rings 2 is not limited to four; three, five, or more can be used depending on the actual pressure level and space dimensions, correspondingly forming two, four, or more chambers, as long as there is at least one water chamber and at least one oil chamber.

[0030] In order to supply high-pressure water to the water chamber 201 and lubricating oil to the oil chamber 202, Embodiment 1 of this application also includes a high-pressure water supply component, a lubricating oil storage component 4, and a self-pressurizing adjustment component.

[0031] The high-pressure water supply component is connected to the water chamber 201 and can supply high-pressure water to the water chamber 201. Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown, the high-pressure water supply assembly includes a water supply pipe 301. One end of the water supply pipe 301 is connected to an external high-pressure water source (such as a high-pressure water pump that comes with the tunneling machine), and the other end is connected to the water chamber 201 through a sealing sleeve 105.

[0032] The lubricating oil storage assembly 4 includes a storage section 401 and a transmission section 402 communicating with the storage section 401. The storage section 401 stores lubricating oil, and the other end of the transmission section 402 communicates with the oil chamber 202 via a sealing sleeve 105. In this embodiment, combined with... Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the lubricating oil storage assembly 4 includes an oil box 403 (serving as a storage unit 401) and a transmission pipe 407 (serving as a transmission unit 402). Considering the structural characteristics and installation space of the cylinder 102, the cylinder 102 includes a first cylinder section 107, a second cylinder section 108, and a third cylinder section 109 connected sequentially along the axial direction (the third section has a water supply hole 305 communicating with the water supply pipe 301). The side of the first cylinder section 107 facing away from the second cylinder section 108 is connected to the main body of the cutting head shaft 1 through a sealing assembly 103 and a first bearing assembly; the sealing sleeve 105 is located in the second cylinder section 108 and is fitted onto the main body of the cutting head shaft 1 through a rotating sealing ring 2; the third cylinder section 109 surrounds an installation cavity 110 for installing the storage unit 401, part of the high-pressure water supply assembly, and part of the transmission unit 402.

[0033] Specifically, the side wall of the third cylindrical section 109 is recessed inward toward the axial direction with a first mounting groove, and the oil box 403 is embedded in the first mounting groove. This embedded installation method makes full use of the space of the cylinder wall thickness and avoids the interference risk caused by external protruding structures. The end cap 404 of the oil box 403 is provided with an oil filling hole 405 and an oil window 406. The oil filling hole 405 is used to replenish lubricating oil periodically, and the oil window 406 allows the operator to observe the oil level in the oil box 403 and keep track of the lubricating oil consumption. In addition, the end cap 404 is also provided with an exhaust valve 417, which is used to exhaust air from the oil box 403. One end of the transmission pipe 407 is connected to the oil box 403, and the other end is connected to the oil chamber 202 through the sealing sleeve 105. For ease of pipeline layout, the transmission pipe 407 can extend along the axial direction of the cylinder 102.

[0034] The self-pressurizing regulating component is the core component for forced lubrication, and it includes a pressure regulating section 501 and a one-way valve 502. One end of the pressure regulating section 501 is connected to the water chamber 201 or the high-pressure water supply component, and the other end is connected to the transmission section 402. The one-way valve 502 is located at the end of the transmission section 402 near the storage section 401. The water chamber 201 or the high-pressure water supply component can apply a preset pressure to the pressure regulating section 501 to increase the pressure in the transmission section 402, enabling the transmission section 402 to actively supply oil to the oil chamber 202. The one-way valve 502 defines the flow direction of the lubricating oil, ensuring that the lubricating oil can only flow from the oil box 403 to the oil chamber 202, and cannot flow in the opposite direction, thus forcing the oil chamber pressure to increase.

[0035] In this embodiment, to achieve a compact integration of the pressure regulating unit 501 and the sealing sleeve 105, combined with Figures 8 to 10 As shown, the sealing sleeve 105 has a pressure transmission hole 408 communicating with the water cavity 201 at the position corresponding to the water cavity 201, and an oil guide hole 409 communicating with the oil cavity 202 at the position corresponding to the oil cavity 202. The pressure transmission hole 408 and the oil guide hole 409 start from the inner sidewall of the sealing sleeve 105, extend radially toward the outer sidewall of the sealing sleeve 105, and terminate at a predetermined position on the sealing sleeve 105. Corresponding to the position of the pressure transmission hole 408, the sealing sleeve 105 has a second mounting groove 410 with its bottom wall communicating with the pressure transmission hole 408 recessed from its outer sidewall toward the axial direction; the sidewall forming the second mounting groove 410 has a through hole 411 extending axially and communicating with the oil guide hole 409 and the transmission pipe 407, respectively.

[0036] Based on the above structure, the pressure regulating unit 501 includes a piston 503, an end cap 404, and a spring 505. The piston 503 is disposed in the second mounting groove 410 via a sealing ring 504. The sealing ring 504 can be an O-ring or a lip seal, used to isolate high-pressure water and lubricating oil, preventing them from mixing. The end cap 404 is disposed at the open end of the second mounting groove 410 to seal the second mounting groove 410. The spring 505 is disposed in the second mounting groove 410, with its two ends abutting against the piston 503 and the end cap 404, respectively. When the high-pressure water supply assembly supplies high-pressure water to the water chamber 201, the water in the water chamber 201 has a preset pressure. This pressurized water enters the bottom of the second mounting groove 410 through the pressure transmission hole 408, acts on the end face of the piston 503, and pushes the piston 503 to move towards the end cap 404 against the elastic force of the spring 505. The movement of piston 503 compresses the lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the second mounting groove 410 (this lubricating oil is connected to the oil guide hole 409 and the transmission pipe 407 through the through hole 411), increasing the pressure of the lubricating oil. Due to the presence of check valve 502, the high-pressure lubricating oil cannot flow back to the oil box 403, but can only enter the oil chamber 202 through the through hole 411 and the oil guide hole 409, thereby forcibly lubricating the rotating sealing rings 2 on both sides of the water chamber 201.

[0037] During operation, the lubricating oil in the oil chamber 202 is gradually lost due to frictional wear of the rotating seal ring 2. When the tunneling machine stops or the internal spray is not used, the high-pressure water chamber 201 is depressurized, the water pressure disappears, and the piston 503 moves in the opposite direction (i.e., towards the water chamber 201) under the elastic force of the spring 505. This movement generates negative pressure in the inner cavity of the second mounting groove 410, drawing lubricating oil from the oil box 403 through the through hole 411, the oil guide hole 409, and the transmission pipe 407 to replenish the previously consumed oil. The elasticity design of the spring 505 should ensure smooth oil intake under depressurization conditions and be overcome by water pressure under operating conditions. Through this automatic compensation mechanism, the lubricating oil in the oil box 403 is continuously replenished to the oil chamber 202, achieving long-term maintenance-free operation.

[0038] In this embodiment, the sealing sleeve 105 is a multifunctional integrated component, and its structural design is crucial. Combined with... Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the sealing sleeve 105 is generally cylindrical, with its inner wall used to install the rotary sealing ring 2, and its outer wall mating with the inner wall of the second cylindrical section 108. In addition to the aforementioned pressure transmission hole 408, oil guide hole 409, second mounting groove 410 and through hole 411, the sealing sleeve 105 is also provided with a positioning hole for installing the positioning pin 603 (the positioning pin 603 belongs to the positioning shaft assembly 6).

[0039] For ease of machining, the pressure transmission hole 408 and the oil guide hole 409 can be machined from the end face or outer cylindrical surface of the sealing sleeve 105 by drilling. After machining, the process holes are sealed with screw plugs. The second mounting groove 410 can be machined by turning or boring, and its inner wall must ensure a certain surface finish to ensure smooth movement of the piston 503 and sealing effect of the sealing ring 504. The through hole 411 can be machined axially by drilling and must correspond precisely to the position of the oil guide hole 409. In this embodiment, combined with Figure 5 As shown, the device also includes a positioning shaft assembly 6, which includes a positioning pin 603. The positioning pin passes sequentially through the second cylindrical section and the sealing sleeve, and is used for circumferential positioning between the sealing sleeve 105 and the second cylindrical section 108, ensuring accurate alignment of the various channels. Oil injection pipes are radially provided at corresponding positions on the positioning pin, the second cylindrical section, and the sealing sleeve. An oil injection nozzle 602 is provided at the end of the positioning pin, through which oil is injected into the oil injection pipes to lubricate the second bearing. Furthermore, a second vent hole 601 is also provided at the end of the positioning pin.

[0040] Example 2 The main difference between Example 2 and Example 1 lies in the structural form of the cylinder and the installation position of the pressure regulating unit. Example 1 is suitable for tunneling machines without a telescopic cutting section, while Example 2 is suitable for tunneling machines with a telescopic boom, whose cylinder can achieve axial extension and retraction to adapt to the cutting range requirements under different working conditions. Figures 11 to 18 As shown, Embodiment 2 of this application provides another self-pressurized lubricating internal spray cantilever structure, which also includes a cutting head shaft 1, a sealing sleeve 105 and a cylinder 102, but its cylinder 102 adopts a telescopic structure.

[0041] Specifically, the cylinder 102 includes a telescopic inner cylinder 111, a telescopic protective cylinder 112 connected to the telescopic inner cylinder 111, and a telescopic outer cylinder 113. The side of the telescopic inner cylinder 111 facing away from the telescopic protective cylinder 112 is connected to the main body of the cutting head shaft 1 via a sealing assembly 103 and a first bearing assembly; a sealing sleeve 105 is located on the telescopic inner cylinder 111 and is fitted onto the main body of the cutting head shaft 1 via a rotating sealing ring 2. An installation housing 114 is provided at the end of the telescopic protective cylinder 112 facing away from the telescopic inner cylinder 111. It can be understood that the installation housing 114 is part of the telescopic protective cylinder 112, which is similar to the third cylinder segment 109 in Embodiment 1. The telescopic outer cylinder 113 is fixedly connected to the cutting reducer housing; the telescopic protective cylinder 112 is fixedly connected to the telescopic inner cylinder 111 and is connected to a telescopic hydraulic cylinder. Under the action of the hydraulic cylinder, the telescopic protective cylinder 112 drives the telescopic inner cylinder 111 to extend and retract.

[0042] Combination Figure 12 , Figure 14 and Figure 15As shown, the lubricating oil storage assembly 4 includes an oil box 403 (serving as a storage section 401) and a transmission pipe 407 (serving as a transmission section 402). A third mounting groove is recessed inward along the axial direction on the side wall of the mounting housing 114, and the oil box 403 is embedded in the third mounting groove. Similarly, the end cap 404 of the oil box 403 is provided with an oil filling hole 405 and an oil window 406 for easy daily maintenance. The transmission pipe 407 includes a first oil supply section 412 and a second oil supply section (not shown) connected to the first oil supply section 412 within the mounting housing 114. One end of the first oil supply section 412 is connected to the oil box 403, and the other end passes sequentially through the telescopic protective cylinder 112 and the telescopic inner cylinder 111, and is connected to the oil chamber 202 through a sealing sleeve 105. A one-way valve 502 is located within the mounting housing 114 and is positioned on the side of the first oil supply section 412 near the oil box 403.

[0043] In this second embodiment, combined with Figure 15 As shown, the high-pressure water supply assembly includes a water supply pipe 301, which comprises a main water supply section 302 and a first branch water supply section (not labeled in the figure) and a second branch water supply section (not labeled in the figure) respectively connected to the main water supply section 302. The main water supply section 302 introduces high-pressure water from an external water source and splits into two paths inside the mounting housing 114: the first branch water supply section connects to a guide hole on the sealing sleeve 105 to supply water to the water chamber 201; the second branch water supply section connects to the pressure regulating unit 501 to provide driving pressure. The guide hole is located on the sealing sleeve 105 corresponding to the water chamber 201 and connects to both the high-pressure water supply assembly and the water chamber 201. This branch water supply design ensures that the driving pressure and the spray water pressure originate from the same source, guaranteeing pressure consistency and eliminating the need for an additional pressure source.

[0044] In this embodiment, the mounting position of the pressure regulating unit 501 has been moved from the sealing sleeve 105 to the mounting housing 114. Combined with... Figure 15 , Figure 17 and Figure 18As shown, the mounting housing 114 has a fourth mounting groove 415 recessed from its outer side wall towards the interior. The bottom wall with the fourth mounting groove 415 communicates with the second branch water supply section; the side wall with the fourth mounting groove 415 communicates with the second oil supply section. The pressure regulating unit 501 also includes a piston 503, an end cap 404, and a spring 505. The piston 503 is disposed in the fourth mounting groove 415 through a sealing ring 504; the end cap 404 is disposed at the open end of the fourth mounting groove 415 to seal the fourth mounting groove 415; the spring 505 is disposed in the fourth mounting groove 415, and its two ends abut against the piston 503 and the end cap 404 respectively. When the high-pressure water supply assembly supplies high-pressure water to the water chamber 201, a preset pressure can be applied to the piston 503 through the second branch water supply section; the piston 503 with the preset pressure acts on the lubricating oil, so that the lubricating oil can be actively supplied to the oil chamber 202 through the second oil supply section and the first oil supply section 412.

[0045] In addition, in this embodiment, a one-way valve 502 is provided on the first oil supply section 412. Due to the presence of the one-way valve 502, the high-pressure lubricating oil cannot flow back to the oil box 403, but can only enter the oil chamber 202 through the through hole 411 and the oil guide hole 409, thereby forcibly lubricating the rotating sealing rings 2 on both sides of the water chamber 201.

[0046] Moving the pressure regulating unit 501 to the mounting housing 114 has the following advantages: First, the mounting housing 114 has a larger space, which facilitates the arrangement and maintenance of components such as the piston 503; second, it avoids opening complex channels on the sealing sleeve 105, reducing the processing difficulty of the sealing sleeve; third, the pressure regulating unit 501 is far away from the rotating parts, resulting in a more stable working environment and higher reliability.

[0047] In this second embodiment, the structure of the sealing sleeve 105 is simplified compared to that in the first embodiment. (Combined with...) Figure 15 As shown, the sealing sleeve 105 has guide holes at the position corresponding to the water cavity 201, which are respectively connected to the high-pressure water supply assembly and the water cavity 201. At the position corresponding to the oil cavity 202, it has guide holes 409, which are respectively connected to the oil cavity 202 and the first oil supply section 412. High-pressure water enters the water cavity 201 through the guide holes, and lubricating oil enters the oil cavity 202 through the guide holes 409. Since the pressure regulating part 501 has been moved to the mounting housing 114, the sealing sleeve 105 does not need to have complex piston mounting grooves and through holes, and its structure is closer to that of a traditional sealing sleeve. Furthermore, considering the space constraints (the space is small here), this application arranges the piston on the telescopic protective cylinder.

[0048] Although the two embodiments described above have different cylinder structures, they both contain some common technical features. Specifically, regarding the arrangement of the rotating sealing rings, as mentioned earlier, four rotating sealing rings 2 are preferably used to form three chambers: a water chamber 201 in the middle and oil chambers 202 on both sides. This symmetrical arrangement ensures that the sealing rings on both sides of the water chamber receive forced lubrication, resulting in balanced force and good sealing performance. In practical applications, the number and arrangement of the rotating sealing rings 2 can be adjusted according to the working pressure.

[0049] Regarding the bearing assembly, the first bearing 117 and the second bearing 118 can take several forms. Firstly, a self-aligning roller bearing can be used, capable of withstanding large radial loads and a certain axial load, and has an automatic self-aligning function to compensate for installation errors and shaft deflection. Secondly, a tapered roller bearing can be used, capable of withstanding large combined radial and axial loads, suitable for conditions where the cutting head bears large axial forces.

[0050] Regarding ease of maintenance, the design of each component in this application fully considers the maintenance needs within the limited downhole space. The oil box 403 is embedded, with only the end cap 404 protruding externally, avoiding the risk of bumps caused by protruding structures. The oil filling port 405 is located in an easily accessible position, and the oil window 406 is clearly visible, facilitating daily inspection. The end cap 404 of the pressure regulating unit 501 is removable, facilitating the maintenance of the piston 503 and the replacement of the sealing ring 504. The one-way valve 502 is located at the end of the transmission pipeline 407 near the oil box 403, and can be replaced individually without disassembling the main components.

[0051] In terms of energy conservation and environmental protection, this technology's self-pressurizing lubrication utilizes the pressure energy of high-pressure water itself, eliminating the need for an external power source and offering energy-saving advantages. The lubricating oil uses a closed-loop circulation system, minimizing losses and reducing lubricating oil consumption and environmental pollution.

[0052] In summary, the self-pressurized lubrication internal spray cantilever structure provided in this application forms water and oil chambers between multiple rotating seal rings. It utilizes the pressure of high-pressure water to drive a piston, pressurizing the lubricating oil and forcing it into the oil chamber under high pressure, continuously lubricating the rotating seal rings on both sides of the water chamber. This innovative design of "water pressure driving oil pressure" transforms high-pressure water into a power source for lubrication, fundamentally changing the working mode of the rotating seal and significantly improving its service life. Simultaneously, the automatic replenishment of lubricating oil is achieved through the cooperation of a one-way valve and a spring, ensuring long-term operational reliability. This application features a compact structure, is easy to maintain, and can be widely applied to various tunneling machines and other rotating water seal equipment.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A self-pressurized lubricating internal spray cantilever structure, comprising a cutting head shaft, a sealing sleeve, and a cylindrical body; the main body of the cutting head shaft extends into the cylindrical body, one end of the cylindrical body is connected to the main body of the cutting head shaft via a sealing assembly and a first bearing assembly, and the other end of the cylindrical body is connected to the main body of the cutting head shaft via the sealing sleeve and a second bearing assembly; characterized in that, The self-pressurized lubrication internal spray cantilever structure also includes: A rotary sealing ring is fitted between the main body of the cutting head shaft and the sealing sleeve; multiple rotary sealing rings are provided, and a cavity is formed between adjacent rotary sealing rings, between the main body of the cutting head shaft and the sealing sleeve, wherein at least one of the cavities is a water cavity, and at least one of the cavities is an oil cavity; A high-pressure water supply component is connected to the water chamber and is capable of supplying high-pressure water to the water chamber; A lubricating oil storage assembly has a storage section and a transmission section communicating with the storage section; the storage section is used to store lubricating oil, and the other end of the transmission section is communicating with the oil cavity through the sealing sleeve; The self-pressurizing regulating component has a pressure regulating section and a one-way valve; one end of the pressure regulating section is connected to the water chamber or the high-pressure water supply component, and the other end is connected to the transmission section; the one-way valve is located at the end of the transmission section near the storage section; the water chamber or the high-pressure water supply component can apply a preset pressure to the pressure regulating section to increase the pressure in the transmission section, so that the transmission section can actively supply oil to the oil chamber.

2. The self-pressurized lubrication internal spray cantilever structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylindrical body includes a first cylindrical section, a second cylindrical section, and a third cylindrical section connected sequentially along the axial direction; The side of the first cylindrical section opposite to the second cylindrical section is connected to the main body of the cutting head shaft via the sealing assembly and the first bearing assembly; The sealing sleeve is located in the second cylindrical section and is fitted onto the main body of the cutting head shaft by the rotating sealing ring; The third cylindrical section encloses an installation cavity for mounting the storage unit, part of the high-pressure water supply assembly, and part of the transmission unit.

3. The self-pressurized lubrication internal spray cantilever structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lubricating oil storage assembly includes: An oil box serves as the storage unit; the side wall of the third cylindrical section is recessed inward toward the axial direction with a first mounting groove, and the oil box is embedded in the first mounting groove; the end cap of the lubricating oil is provided with an oil filling hole and an oil window; A transmission pipe, which serves as the transmission unit; one end of the transmission pipe is connected to the oil box, and the other end is connected to the oil cavity through the sealing sleeve; the one-way valve is located on the side of the transmission pipe near the oil box.

4. The self-pressurized lubrication internal spray cantilever structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sealing sleeve has a pressure transmission hole communicating with the water cavity at the position corresponding to the water cavity, and an oil guide hole communicating with the oil cavity at the position corresponding to the oil cavity; the pressure transmission hole and the oil guide hole start from the inner side wall of the sealing sleeve, extend along the radial direction of the sealing sleeve toward the outer side wall of the sealing sleeve, and terminate at the sealing sleeve at a preset position. Corresponding to the position of the pressure transmission hole, the sealing sleeve has a second mounting groove recessed from its outer side wall toward the axial direction, with the bottom wall communicating with the pressure transmission hole; the side wall with the second mounting groove has through holes extending in the axial direction and communicating with the oil guide hole and the transmission pipe respectively. The pressure regulating unit includes: The piston is positioned in the second mounting groove via a sealing ring; An end cap is provided at the open end of the second mounting groove to seal the second mounting groove; A spring is disposed in the second mounting groove, and its two ends abut against the piston and the end cap respectively; when the high-pressure water assembly supplies high-pressure water to the water chamber, the water in the water chamber has a preset pressure, and the water with the preset pressure acts on the lubricating oil through the piston, so that the oil can be actively supplied to the oil chamber through the transmission pipe, the through hole and the oil guide hole.

5. The self-pressurized lubrication internal spray cantilever structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylinder includes a telescopic inner cylinder, a telescopic protective cylinder connected to the telescopic inner cylinder, and a telescopic outer cylinder; The side of the telescopic inner cylinder opposite to the telescopic protective cylinder is connected to the main body of the cutting head shaft through the sealing assembly and the first bearing assembly; the sealing sleeve is located in the telescopic inner cylinder and is fitted onto the main body of the cutting head shaft through the rotating sealing ring; The telescopic protective cylinder is provided with a mounting box at the end opposite to the telescopic inner cylinder; One end of the telescopic outer cylinder is located on the telescopic protective cylinder and can be telescopically moved relative to the telescopic inner cylinder in the axial direction; the other end of the telescopic outer cylinder extends out of the telescopic protective cylinder in a direction away from the telescopic inner cylinder.

6. The self-pressurized lubrication internal spray cantilever structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lubricating oil storage assembly includes: An oil box serves as the storage unit; the side wall of the mounting housing is recessed inward toward the axial direction with a third mounting groove, and the oil box is embedded in the third mounting groove; the end cap of the lubricating oil is provided with an oil filling hole and an oil window; A transmission pipeline, which serves as the transmission unit; the transmission pipeline includes a first oil supply section and a second oil supply section connected to the first oil supply section within the mounting housing; one end of the first oil supply section is connected to the oil box, and the other end passes sequentially through the telescopic protective cylinder and the telescopic inner cylinder, and is connected to the oil cavity through the sealing sleeve; the one-way valve is located within the mounting housing and is disposed on the side of the first oil supply section near the oil box.

7. The self-pressurized lubrication internal spray cantilever structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sealing sleeve has a guide hole corresponding to the water cavity, which is connected to the high-pressure water supply assembly and the water cavity respectively; the sealing sleeve has an oil guide hole corresponding to the oil cavity, which is connected to the oil cavity and the first oil supply section respectively. The high-pressure water supply component includes a water supply pipeline, which includes a main water supply section and a first branch water supply section and a second branch water supply section respectively connected to the main water supply section; the first branch water supply section is connected to the guide hole. The mounting box has a fourth mounting groove recessed from its outer side wall toward the interior, and the bottom wall with the fourth mounting groove is connected to the second branch water supply section; the side wall with the fourth mounting groove is connected to the second oil supply section. The pressure regulating unit includes: The piston is disposed in the fourth mounting groove via a sealing ring; An end cap is provided at the open end of the fourth mounting groove to seal the fourth mounting groove; A spring is disposed in the fourth mounting groove, and its two ends abut against the piston and the end cap respectively; when the high-pressure water assembly supplies high-pressure water to the water chamber, a preset pressure can be applied to the piston through the second branch water supply section; the piston with the preset pressure acts on the lubricating oil, so that the lubricating oil can be actively supplied to the oil chamber through the second oil supply section and the first oil supply section.

8. The self-pressurized lubrication internal spray cantilever structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The rotating sealing ring is provided with four, and three chambers are formed between adjacent rotating sealing rings, between the main body of the cutting head shaft and the sealing sleeve; the middle chamber is the water chamber, and the two chambers adjacent to the water chamber are the oil chambers.

9. The self-pressurized lubrication internal spray cantilever structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The sealing assembly includes a sealing cap and a sealing ring body; the sealing cap is disposed at the end of the cylinder body via the sealing ring body. The first bearing assembly includes a first bearing, which is sleeved between the cylinder and the main body of the cutting head shaft, and close to the sealing assembly; The second bearing assembly includes a second bearing, which is sleeved between the cylinder and the main body of the cutting head shaft, and close to the sealing sleeve.

10. A tunneling machine, characterized in that, Includes the self-pressurized lubricating internal spray cantilever structure as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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