Wood-fuel pottery kiln structure with improved combustion efficiency and method of use
By setting up a pre-bonding device, dual exhaust channels, and an adjustable gate mechanism in the wood-fired pottery kiln, the combustion process is optimized, solving the problems of incomplete combustion and uneven temperature in traditional wood-fired pottery kilns. This achieves efficient combustion and uniform temperature inside the kiln, improving fuel efficiency and artistic expression.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANDONG FUTAO CULTURE DEVELOPMENT CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-16
AI Technical Summary
Traditional wood-fired open-fired pottery kilns suffer from problems such as high wood consumption, incomplete combustion, uneven kiln temperature field, disordered flame flow, rapid heat loss, and weak control of reducing/oxidizing atmosphere. In particular, top-mounted exhaust can easily cause flame short-circuiting and obvious local high/low temperature zones. The open-fired pottery is heated unevenly and ash settles unevenly, which limits the yield and artistic effect.
By setting up a pre-bonding device, dual exhaust channels, an adjustable gate mechanism, and a multi-inlet structure, precise positioning and atmosphere control of wafers and carriers are achieved, forming a closed-loop flame cycle from top to bottom—lateral sweep—bottom recirculation, accurately matching the air-fuel ratio, and optimizing exhaust and atmosphere regulation.
It improves combustion efficiency, reduces firewood consumption, enhances kiln temperature uniformity and artistic expression, saves ≥25% of firewood, increases thermal efficiency to over 45%, controls kiln temperature difference within ±5℃, and allows for rapid switching between oxidizing and reducing atmospheres, resulting in significantly enhanced artistic effects.
Smart Images
Figure CN122216985A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of wood-fired ceramic kiln technology, specifically to a wood-fired ceramic kiln structure that can improve combustion efficiency and its usage method. Background Technology
[0002] A wood-fired ceramic kiln, often called a wood-fired kiln or wood-fired ceramic kiln, is a type of ceramic firing equipment with a long history. It is not only a production tool, but its firing process itself is also full of artistry and technical challenges.
[0003] Traditional wood-fired pottery kilns, built and vented using ancient methods, generally suffer from problems such as high wood consumption, incomplete combustion, uneven kiln temperature, disordered flame flow, rapid heat loss, and weak control of reducing / oxidizing atmosphere. In particular, top-mounted venting can easily cause flame short-circuiting and distinct local high / low temperature zones, resulting in uneven heating and ash settling in the fired pottery, which limits the yield and artistic effect. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wood-fired ceramic kiln structure and its usage method that can improve combustion efficiency in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. This invention, by setting up a pre-bonding device composed of components such as a pre-bonding cavity, a stage, and a measuring clamping and centering mechanism, can achieve precise measurement and positioning of the dimensions of the wafer and the substrate, as well as centering and positioning, thereby improving the accuracy of the wafer and the substrate during bonding, as detailed below.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The present invention provides a wood-fired ceramic kiln structure that can improve combustion efficiency, including a kiln body, a kiln cavity formed inside the kiln body, a fire chamber connected to one side of the outside of the kiln body, a chimney provided on the other side of the outside of the kiln body, a flue provided at the bottom of the chimney, and a gate adjustment mechanism provided at the top of the outside of the chimney. Fire inlet holes are provided on the wall panel inside the fire chamber near the kiln chamber; A kiln bed is fixed at the bottom of the kiln cavity, and a through-smoke exhaust slit is opened on the kiln bed. A smoke exhaust channel is formed at the bottom of the kiln bed, and a first smoke exhaust hole and a second smoke exhaust hole are opened on the wall panel of the flue near the kiln cavity. The gate adjustment mechanism includes a track frame that passes through and is fixed on the chimney. A smoke baffle is slidably arranged inside the track frame. A lead screw is arranged in the inner wall of the smoke baffle. One end of the lead screw is connected to a motor fixed on the track frame.
[0006] The inner wall of the fire chamber is fixed with a combustion frame for supporting the burning of firewood. The fire inlet is located above the combustion frame and is arranged vertically in three groups.
[0007] A firewood feeding hole is provided on the outer wall of the fire chamber. A sealing door is installed on the outer hinge of the firewood feeding hole. A first air inlet is provided directly below the firewood feeding hole, which connects to the interior of the fire chamber.
[0008] The kiln body, the fire chamber, and the chimney are all provided with supporting foundations, and the supporting foundations are provided with soil foundations.
[0009] The supporting foundation and the soil foundation have a groove structure on the side near the kiln body. A kiln loading door that is sealed and connected to the kiln body is provided in the groove structure. A second air inlet is provided on both sides of the supporting foundation and the soil foundation near the fire chamber. The second air inlet is connected to the inside of the fire chamber, and an adjustment plate that is rotatably connected to the soil foundation is provided on the outside of the second air inlet.
[0010] A fire-resistant wall, made of refractory bricks, is provided on one side of the top of the kiln bed to align with the fire inlet.
[0011] The first exhaust vent is located above the kiln bed, and the second exhaust vent is located below the kiln bed. A detachable baffle is installed inside the second exhaust vent.
[0012] The first smoke exhaust holes are horizontally distributed, and there are 3 sets of them. The size of the first smoke exhaust holes is the same as the size of the refractory bricks.
[0013] Both the smoke baffle and the track frame are coated with anti-corrosion material.
[0014] The method of using the wood-fired pottery kiln includes the following steps: a. Open the kiln door and lay the ceramic blanks to be fired on the kiln bed. Depending on the type of kiln, choose either the first or second exhaust vent. If the first exhaust vent is selected, the second exhaust vent is sealed with a baffle. The baffle is inserted into the exhaust channel from the innermost opening on the kiln bed. If the second exhaust vent is selected, the first exhaust vent is sealed with three refractory bricks. b. Firewood is added to the firewood feeding hole and ignited. The first air inlet sends air from the bottom of the combustion rack to assist combustion. Heat enters the kiln cavity through three sets of fire inlets. The arc-shaped flow guide at the top of the kiln and the symmetrical flame guides on the kiln wall, together with the bottom flame return channel, form a closed-loop flame circulation from top to bottom, horizontal sweeping and bottom return, eliminating dead corners and turbulence. The temperature difference of the entire kiln is controlled within ±5℃. c. The flue gas enters the flue through the first exhaust port or exhaust slit, or the second exhaust port, and is discharged to the outside through the chimney; d. The process of oxidation and reduction inside the kiln is judged based on the color of the exhaust gas, and then controlled by the gate regulating mechanism: Oxidation firing: the gate is opened wide, oxygen supply is sufficient, the flame is clean, and the color is bright and stable; Reduction firing: the gate is closed, oxygen is deficient and carbon is rich, CO concentration is increased, reduction is more complete, and the color is deeper and stronger. The two atmospheres can be switched quickly, the boundary is clear, and the effect is more prominent.
[0015] The beneficial effects are: 1. This invention provides a second air intake on both sides of the fire chamber, allowing for the further input of air heated by residual heat in addition to the traditional first air intake. This achieves precise air-fuel ratio matching, transforming incomplete combustion of firewood into complete combustion, resulting in a fuel saving rate of ≥25% and a significant reduction in black smoke and charcoal residue. 2. This invention solves the problems of uneven exhaust pressure and flame short circuit by setting up a dual exhaust channel at the bottom of the kiln body, moving the exhaust port down to both sides of the kiln bottom, and setting up a main exhaust channel + atmosphere regulating channel, thereby achieving bottom placement, diversion and controllable exhaust, and completely solving the problems of uneven exhaust pressure and flame short circuit. 3. This invention features an adjustable gate mechanism on the chimney. For oxidation combustion, the gate is opened wide, ensuring sufficient oxygen supply, clean flame, and bright and stable color. For reduction combustion, the gate is closed, resulting in oxygen deficiency and carbon enrichment, increased CO concentration, more complete reduction, deeper and stronger color, and faster switching between the two atmospheres with clearer boundaries and more prominent effects. Attached Figure Description
[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the fire chamber and kiln body are partially opened in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention; Figure 4 In this invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure after the kiln bed has been removed.
[0018] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows: 1. Kiln body; 2. Soil foundation; 3. Support foundation; 4. Kiln door; 5. Chimney; 6. Gate adjustment mechanism; 601. Smoke baffle; 602. Track frame; 603. Screw rod; 604. Motor; 7. Fire chamber; 8. Dismantling hole; 9. First air inlet; 10. Second air inlet; 1001. Adjusting plate; 11. Kiln bed; 1101. Smoke exhaust seam; 1102. First smoke exhaust hole; 1103. Smoke exhaust passage; 1104. Second smoke exhaust hole; 1105. Baffle; 12. Fire inlet hole; 13. Flue; 14. Fire wall. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.
[0020] See Figures 1-4 As shown, this invention provides a wood-fired ceramic kiln structure that can improve combustion efficiency, including a kiln body 1, an internal kiln cavity formed therein, a fire chamber 7 connected to one side of the kiln body 1, a chimney 5 on the other side of the kiln body 1, a flue 13 at the bottom of the chimney 5, and a gate adjustment mechanism 6 at the top of the chimney 5; a fire inlet hole 12 is provided on the wall panel inside the fire chamber 7 near the kiln cavity; a kiln bed 11 is fixed at the bottom of the kiln cavity, and a through exhaust fan is provided on the kiln bed 11. The bottom of the kiln bed 11 is formed with a smoke exhaust channel 1103. The wall panel of the flue 13 near the kiln cavity is provided with a first smoke exhaust hole 1102 and a second smoke exhaust hole 1104. The gate adjustment mechanism 6 includes a track frame 602 that passes through and is fixed on the chimney 5. A smoke baffle 601 is slidably arranged inside the track frame 602. A screw rod 603 is arranged in the inner wall of the smoke baffle 601. One end of the screw rod 603 is connected to a motor 604 fixed on the track frame 602.
[0021] In the above structure, the interior of both the kiln cavity and the fire chamber 7 adopts a high-temperature resistant and low-thermal-conductivity composite refractory layer, which reduces the heat loss of the kiln body 1 by 15%–20%, resulting in faster heating and more stable heat preservation. At the same firing temperature, the amount of firewood used is significantly reduced. The arc-shaped flow guide at the top of the kiln and the symmetrical flame guide at the kiln wall, together with the bottom return flame channel, form a closed-loop flame circulation from top to bottom, horizontal sweeping and bottom return, eliminating dead corners and turbulence, and controlling the temperature difference of the entire kiln within ±5℃.
[0022] The inner wall of the fire chamber 7 is fixed with a combustion frame for supporting the burning of firewood. The fire inlet 12 is located above the combustion frame. The fire inlet 12 is distributed vertically and is set in 3 groups. After the firewood is fed into the combustion frame, the door panel of the dismantling hole 8 is closed.
[0023] A firewood feeding hole is provided on the outer wall of the fire chamber 7. A sealing door is installed on the outer hinge of the firewood feeding hole. A first air inlet 9 is provided directly below the firewood feeding hole, which connects to the interior of the fire chamber 7.
[0024] The kiln body 1, the fire chamber 7, and the chimney 5 are all provided with supporting foundations 3. The supporting foundations 3 are surrounded by soil foundations 2. The supporting foundations 3 are red brick structures, and the soil foundations 2 are the soil base of the pit.
[0025] The supporting foundation 3 and the soil foundation 2 have a groove structure on the side near the kiln body 1. The groove structure is equipped with a kiln loading door 4 that is sealed and connected to the kiln body 1. The supporting foundation 3 and the soil foundation 2 have through second air inlets 10 on both sides near the fire chamber 7. The second air inlets 10 are connected to the inside of the fire chamber 7. The outside of the second air inlets 10 is equipped with an adjustment plate 1001 that is rotatably connected to the soil foundation 2. The air intake of the second air inlets 10 is controlled by two rotatable adjustment plates 1001. In conjunction with the use of the first air inlet 9, the combustion air is preheated by waste heat before entering, the air-fuel ratio is precisely matched, the firewood is converted from incomplete combustion to complete combustion, the firewood saving rate is ≥25%, and the black smoke and residual char are greatly reduced.
[0026] A fire-blocking wall 14 aligned with the fire inlet hole 12 is provided on one side of the top of the kiln bed 11. The fire-blocking wall 14 is made of firebricks. The height of the fire-blocking wall 14 can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual needs of firing porcelain. It is manually adjusted by stacking the bricks each time the kiln is loaded.
[0027] The first smoke exhaust hole 1102 is located above the kiln bed 11, and the second smoke exhaust hole 1104 is located below the kiln bed 11. A separable baffle 1105 is provided inside the second smoke exhaust hole 1104, and the size of the fire inlet hole 12 is larger than the size of the first smoke exhaust hole 1102.
[0028] The first smoke exhaust holes 1102 are horizontally distributed, and the number is set to 3 groups. The size of the first smoke exhaust holes 1102 is the same as the size of the refractory brick.
[0029] Both the smoke baffle 601 and the track frame 602 are coated with anti-corrosion material, which can improve the protection of the metal smoke baffle 601 and track frame 602 against the corrosion of flue gas. The motor 604 is a servo motor 604, which is connected to an external control switch for convenient operation by the user. The exhaust waste heat preheats the air inlet and the preheating zone of the kiln body 1, which increases the heat utilization rate by ≥30%, shortens the heating time, and reduces the firing cost.
[0030] Using the above structure, the following steps are included in its application: a. Open the kiln door 4 and lay the ceramic blanks to be fired on the kiln bed 11. Depending on the type of kiln, select either the first exhaust vent 1102 or the second exhaust vent 1104. If the first exhaust vent 1102 is selected, the second exhaust vent 1104 is closed by a baffle 1105. The baffle 1105 is opened from the innermost through hole on the kiln bed 11. The baffle 1105 is operated by inserting your hand into the exhaust channel 1103. If the second exhaust vent 1104 is selected, the first exhaust vent 1102 is closed with three refractory bricks. b. Firewood is added to the firewood feeding hole and ignited. The first air inlet 9 sends air from the bottom of the combustion rack to assist combustion. Heat enters the kiln cavity through three sets of fire inlets 12. The arc-shaped flow guide at the top of the kiln and the symmetrical flame guides on the kiln wall, together with the bottom flame return channel, form a closed-loop flame circulation from top to bottom, horizontal sweeping and bottom return, eliminating dead corners and turbulence. The temperature difference of the entire kiln is controlled within ±5℃. c. The flue gas enters the flue 13 through the first exhaust port 1102 or exhaust slit 1101 and the second exhaust port 1104, and is discharged to the outside through the chimney 5; d. The process of oxidation and reduction inside the kiln is judged based on the color of the exhaust gas, and then controlled by the gate regulating mechanism 6: Oxidation firing: the gate is opened wide, oxygen supply is sufficient, the flame is clean, and the color is bright and stable; Reduction firing: the gate is closed, oxygen is deficient and carbon is rich, CO concentration is increased, reduction is more complete, and the color is deeper and stronger. The two atmospheres switch quickly, the boundary is clear, and the effect is more prominent.
[0031] The above structure achieves the following: 1. Saves firewood, with complete combustion, enhanced insulation, and waste heat recovery, reducing firewood consumption per kiln by 25%–35%; 2. Flame circulation: Closed-loop flow field with full coverage, no dead angles, no short circuits, and more uniform kiln temperature; 3. Uniform firing: Direct heating with open flame and uniform ash deposition greatly improve the consistency of the vessel's shape inside and out, top and bottom, and front and back; 4. Atmospheric effect: Oxidation results in greater clarity, while reduction results in richer flavor, significantly enhancing artistic expression; 5. Separate bottom exhaust: stable suction power, precise gas control, improved safety and ease of operation; 6. Thermal efficiency: The overall thermal utilization rate has been increased from below 20% to over 45%; 7. Applicable to: handmade pottery, cultural and creative ceramics, intangible cultural heritage wood-fired pottery, homestay workshops, artistic unfired pottery, daily-use coarse pottery, etc.
[0032] 8. Value: Low consumption, high efficiency, high quality, and environmentally friendly; compatible with traditional aesthetics and modern energy-saving requirements; can be newly built or old kilns can be renovated; low investment and quick results; suitable for large-scale promotion and upgrading of intangible cultural heritage.
[0033] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A wood-fired ceramic kiln structure that improves combustion efficiency, characterized in that: The kiln includes a kiln body (1), the interior of which is formed with a kiln cavity, and a fire chamber (7) is connected to one side of the kiln body (1). A chimney (5) is provided on the other side of the kiln body (1), a flue (13) is provided at the bottom of the chimney (5), and a gate adjustment mechanism (6) is provided on the top of the chimney (5). The fire chamber (7) has a fire inlet hole (12) on the wall panel near the kiln cavity inside. The bottom of the kiln cavity is fixed with a kiln bed (11), and a through-smoke exhaust slit (1101) is opened on the kiln bed (11). A smoke exhaust channel (1103) is formed at the bottom of the kiln bed (11). A first smoke exhaust hole (1102) and a second smoke exhaust hole (1104) are opened on the wall panel of the flue (13) near the kiln cavity. The gate adjustment mechanism (6) includes a track frame (602) that passes through and is fixed on the chimney (5). A smoke baffle (601) is slidably arranged inside the track frame (602). A screw rod (603) is arranged in the inner wall of the smoke baffle (601). One end of the screw rod (603) is connected to a motor (604) fixed on the track frame (602).
2. The wood-fired ceramic kiln structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the fire chamber (7) is fixed with a combustion frame for supporting the burning of firewood. The fire inlet (12) is located above the combustion frame and is distributed vertically in three groups.
3. The wood-fired ceramic kiln structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A firewood feeding hole is provided on the outer wall of the fire chamber (7). A sealing door is installed on the outer hinge of the firewood feeding hole. A first air inlet (9) is provided directly below the firewood feeding hole, which connects to the interior of the fire chamber (7).
4. The wood-fired ceramic kiln structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The kiln body (1), the fire chamber (7) and the chimney (5) are all provided with supporting foundations (3), and the supporting foundations (3) are provided with soil foundations (2).
5. The wood-fired ceramic kiln structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The supporting foundation (3) and the soil foundation (2) are grooved on the side near the kiln body (1). A kiln door (4) is provided in the groove and is sealed to the kiln body (1). The supporting foundation (3) and the soil foundation (2) are provided with a through second air inlet (10) on both sides near the fire chamber (7). The second air inlet (10) is connected to the inside of the fire chamber (7), and an adjustment plate (1001) is provided on the outside of the second air inlet (10) and is rotatably connected to the soil foundation (2).
6. The wood-fired ceramic kiln structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fire-blocking wall (14) aligned with the fire inlet hole (12) is provided on one side of the top of the kiln bed (11). The fire-blocking wall (14) is made of firebricks.
7. The wood-fired ceramic kiln structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first smoke vent (1102) is located above the kiln bed (11), and the second smoke vent (1104) is located below the kiln bed (11). A separable baffle (1105) is provided inside the second smoke vent (1104).
8. The wood-fired ceramic kiln structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first smoke exhaust hole (1102) is horizontally distributed, and the number is set to 3 groups. The size of the first smoke exhaust hole (1102) is the same as the size of the refractory brick.
9. The wood-fired ceramic kiln structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the smoke baffle (601) and the track frame (602) are coated with anti-corrosion material.
10. A method of using a wood-fired ceramic kiln structure that improves combustion efficiency according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: a. Open the kiln door (4), and lay the ceramic blanks to be fired on the kiln bed (11). Depending on the type of kiln, choose to use either the first exhaust vent (1102) or the second exhaust vent (1104). If the first exhaust vent (1102) is selected, the second exhaust vent (1104) is closed by a baffle (1105). The baffle (1105) is operated by inserting your hand into the exhaust channel (1103) from the innermost through hole on the kiln bed (11). If the second exhaust vent (1104) is selected, the first exhaust vent (1102) is closed by three refractory bricks. b. Firewood is added to the firewood feeding hole and ignited. The first air inlet (9) sends air from the bottom of the combustion rack to assist combustion. Heat enters the kiln cavity through three sets of fire inlets (12). The arc-shaped flow guide at the top of the kiln and the symmetrical flame guide at the kiln wall, together with the bottom flame return channel, form a closed-loop flame circulation from top to bottom - horizontal sweep - bottom return, eliminating dead corners and turbulence. The temperature difference of the whole kiln is controlled within ±5℃. c. The flue gas enters the flue (13) from the first exhaust port (1102) or exhaust slit (1101) and the second exhaust port (1104), and is discharged to the outside from the chimney (5); d. Based on the color of the exhaust gas, determine the process of oxidation and reduction in the kiln, and then implement control through the gate regulating mechanism (6): Oxidation firing: open the gate, supply sufficient oxygen, clean flame, bright and stable color; Reduction firing: close the gate, oxygen deficiency and carbon enrichment, CO concentration increase, reduction is more complete, color is deeper and stronger. The two atmospheres switch quickly, the boundary is clear, and the effect is more prominent.