Super-intelligent lithium battery and circuit control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a super-intelligent lithium battery and a circuit control method thereof, and relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, comprising a shell, a high-sensitivity vibration sensor module, an MCU main control module, an integrated circuit board module, a heat dissipation fin, an intelligent fan temperature control module and a series battery pack module; wherein the integrated circuit board module is integrated with an interleaved parallel boosting circuit, a voltage / current detection module, a synchronous signal generation module and a multiple protection module. The application adopts a two-way / four-way interleaved parallel boosting design, realizes constant power output through dynamic adjustment of the PWM duty cycle of the MCU, combines vibration wake-up, intelligent temperature control and multiple protection functions, ensures that the circuit always works in the best working condition, and significantly improves the output stability, safety and user experience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium battery technology, and in particular to a super intelligent lithium battery and its circuit control method. Background Technology

[0002] In the current lithium battery industry for two-wheeled vehicles, batteries with different voltage specifications need to be matched with cells in a fixed number of series, and the cell capacity must be strongly tied to the voltage specification. This results in cells of different specifications not being interchangeable. Battery manufacturers need to keep a large inventory of cells with different capacities and series numbers, which not only leads to high warehousing and management costs but also makes it difficult to achieve economies of scale in production. At the same time, large-capacity cells cannot be installed in most vehicle battery compartments due to size limitations, while small-capacity dedicated cells have high unit prices due to scattered orders, which restricts the industry's efforts to reduce costs and increase efficiency. Therefore, under the premise that the vehicle battery compartment volume is fixed, the traditional fixed-number-of-series cell configuration mode severely limits the improvement of energy density and cannot meet users' needs for driving range. Moreover, the output voltage of traditional lithium batteries decreases in tandem with capacity during use, resulting in reduced speed and insufficient power in electric vehicles, leading to a poor riding experience.

[0003] Existing DC-DC boost modules generally suffer from problems such as low energy efficiency, high standby power consumption, and imperfect protection mechanisms. They lack intelligent energy-saving and constant power control mechanisms, making it impossible to flexibly switch between multiple voltage platforms and effectively isolate safety risks such as short circuits and impacts. The shortcomings in temperature control and heat dissipation during high-power operation will also accelerate cell aging, further affecting battery life and safety.

[0004] In summary, existing technologies can no longer meet the core demands of increasing range, reducing the cost per kilowatt-hour of battery cells, and standardizing raw materials for multiple voltage specifications without changing the battery compartment size. The industry urgently needs a smart lithium battery technology that can achieve flexible voltage adjustment, constant power output, intelligent energy saving, and comprehensive safety protection. Through a two-level voltage scheme (native battery cell + high-power DC-DC module), it can break through the constraints of battery cell specifications and size, achieve the standardization of raw materials, maximize energy density, and optimize costs, while improving the user riding experience and battery safety, and promoting the upgrading and iteration of the lithium battery industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a super intelligent lithium battery and its circuit control method, enabling electric two-wheelers to use cost-effective high-capacity battery cells from new energy vehicles, allowing different battery specifications to use the same battery cell raw materials, and ensuring constant output power that does not decrease with power consumption. It also solves the problem that existing high-power DC-DC modules overheat during operation and cannot be installed in battery packs.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A super smart lithium battery includes a casing. A high-sensitivity vibration sensor module is provided at one end of the long side of the casing. An integrated circuit board module is provided at the end of the long side of the casing near the high-sensitivity vibration sensor module. A heat dissipation fin is provided on the side of the integrated circuit board module near the high-sensitivity vibration sensor module. A fan intelligent temperature control module is provided on the side of the heat dissipation fin away from the integrated circuit board module. An MCU main control module is provided at the end of the long side of the casing away from the integrated circuit board module. A series battery pack module is provided inside the casing.

[0007] Furthermore, the series battery pack module includes a series battery pack, with a negative electrode on the top of the short side away from the high-sensitivity vibration sensor module and a positive electrode on the top of the short side of the series battery pack near the high-sensitivity vibration sensor module, providing a stable DC input to the circuit.

[0008] Furthermore, the MCU main control module uses the HK32F030MF4P6 chip as the core of the entire circuit, responsible for vibration detection, battery voltage detection, synchronization signal generation, module start-up control, temperature detection, power adjustment and fan temperature control drive, to ensure that all modules work together in an orderly manner.

[0009] Furthermore, the integrated circuit board module integrates an interleaved parallel boost circuit, a voltage detection module, a current detection module, a synchronization signal generation module, and a power control module. The interleaved parallel boost circuit includes a dual-channel or quad-channel interleaved parallel boost circuit. The dual-channel interleaved parallel boost circuit consists of a master module and a slave module, with the MCU master control module generating two interleaved synchronization signals with a 180-degree phase difference. The quad-channel interleaved parallel boost circuit consists of one master module and three slave modules, with the MCU master control module generating four interleaved synchronization signals with a 90-degree phase difference. The superimposed waveforms cancel each other out, significantly reducing the output current ripple. The voltage detection module collects the input voltage of the series battery pack module in real time through a resistor voltage divider circuit, providing a basis for power adjustment. The current detection module detects the peak input current and output current respectively, working with the protection module to achieve safety protection. The synchronization signal generation module outputs a precise phase difference synchronization signal under MCU control, ensuring coordinated operation of the master and slave modules. The power control module adjusts the PWM duty cycle according to MCU instructions to achieve constant power output control.

[0010] Furthermore, the integrated circuit board module is also equipped with an input current peak protection module and an output overcurrent short circuit protection module: the input current peak protection module detects the input current peak value, and when it exceeds a preset threshold (which can be preset by the MCU), it triggers the circuit to stop working and restarts in the next cycle to avoid damage to components due to excessive input current; The output overcurrent and short circuit protection module detects the output current and quickly cuts off the output circuit when overcurrent or short circuit occurs, with a response time of ≤10ms, ensuring the overall safety of the circuit.

[0011] Furthermore, the high-sensitivity vibration sensor module (2) uses an SWS-0608-05 sensor, which is connected to the ZD pin of the MCU main control module in conjunction with a resistor voltage divider circuit (R41=10kΩ, R43=1kΩ) and a filter capacitor (C56=10nF) to achieve accurate acquisition and filtering of vibration signals and avoid false triggering; the temperature detection module uses an HNTC0805-103F3950FB thermistor, which is connected to the ADC1 channel of the MCU main control module through a voltage divider circuit (R39, R42=10kΩ) and a filter capacitor (C55=100nF) to achieve real-time detection of working temperature.

[0012] A super-intelligent lithium battery and its circuit control method include the following steps: S1. Initialization Startup: After the lithium battery is powered on, the MCU main control module initializes, completes the configuration of each port, parameter preset (including battery voltage operating range, temperature threshold, current protection threshold, phase difference parameters, etc.) and module self-test, to ensure that each module is in a ready state. S2. Vibration Detection Wake-up: The MCU main control module detects the signal of the high-sensitivity vibration sensor module through the ZD pin. When an effective vibration (amplitude ≥ 0.5g) is detected, it enters the working mode; when no vibration is detected, it remains in sleep mode with a standby power consumption ≤ 10μA. After one hour of inactivity, the boost circuit is automatically turned off to further reduce standby power consumption. S3. Battery voltage detection: The MCU main control module detects the input voltage of the series battery pack module (7) through the ADC2 channel. The voltage detection circuit uses resistors R52=51kΩ and R34=2.7kΩ to divide the voltage. The diode D10 (1N4148WS) conducts unidirectionally. After filtering by capacitor C61=100nF, it is connected to the ADC2 channel to ensure detection accuracy. It judges whether the battery voltage is within the allowable working range (preset 3.0V-4.2V). If it is lower than the warning value (3.0V), the DC-DC boost circuit remains in sleep mode. If it is within the normal range, the MCU main control module outputs a high level (>1.2V) through the QD pin to wake up the main voltage conversion module. S4. Interleaved Synchronous Start-up: After the main module starts up, the MCU main control module generates a synchronization signal with a preset phase difference. The dual-channel interleaved parallel boost circuit outputs two synchronization signals with a 180-degree phase difference, which are output from pins T1 and T2 to the main module and the slave module. The four-channel interleaved parallel boost circuit outputs four synchronization signals with a 90-degree phase difference, which are output from pins T1-T4 to each module. After a 5ms delay, the slave module is controlled to start synchronously. The main module and the slave module use a unified PWM duty cycle. The frequency, synchronization and phase difference are digitally controlled by the MCU to ensure that the noise cancels out after the waveforms are superimposed. S5. Constant Power Control: The MCU main control module simultaneously detects the battery input voltage and output current, and calculates the PWM duty cycle based on the circuit's optimal power range (the duty cycle directly determines the output power), ensuring the circuit always operates at its best. When the input voltage is low, the total output power decreases accordingly as the base voltage decreases, avoiding excessive input current that could overload the circuit. When the input voltage is high, the total output power increases accordingly as the base voltage increases, mimicking the actual operating conditions of a real battery, ensuring both output stability and maximizing battery efficiency. Power control is achieved by pulling down the COMP voltage on the MCU's PW pin to adjust the PWM duty cycle, and the RC filter circuit (R11=1kΩ, R13=10kΩ, C20=100nF) ensures smooth adjustment. S6. Temperature Detection and Control: The MCU main control module detects the operating temperature through the ADC1 channel. When the temperature exceeds the set threshold (preset 60℃, adjustable via the MCU), it outputs a high level through the FS pin to drive the intelligent temperature control module (the fan uses dual 12V fans in parallel, driven by a D882 transistor). The heat sink and fan work together to dissipate heat, quickly reducing the circuit temperature. When the temperature drops to a safe range (preset 55℃), the fan shuts off, achieving intelligent temperature control and reducing energy consumption. S7. Overcurrent and short circuit protection: The input current peak protection module detects the input current in real time. When it exceeds the preset threshold (such as 10A / 15A, set according to the boost scheme), the circuit is triggered to stop. The output overcurrent and short circuit protection module detects the output current. When an overcurrent (exceeding 8A) or short circuit occurs, the output circuit is quickly cut off. The MCU triggers an interrupt and records the fault. After the fault is cleared, it can be woken up by vibration detection to resume operation. S8. Cyclic Detection and Adjustment: During operation, the MCU main control module continuously and cyclically detects the vibration status, battery voltage, output current, and temperature, and dynamically adjusts the output power and temperature control strategy. At the same time, the timer circuit stops counting during normal operation to avoid triggering the energy-saving circuit, ensuring output stability and improving user experience.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: The smart lithium battery adopts a multi-phase interleaved parallel synchronous boost circuit, which maintains constant power output during user use, greatly improving the user experience. It uses a high-sensitivity vibration sensor, which enables normal output when the battery vibrates and automatically shuts down the boost circuit after one hour of rest, resulting in low standby power consumption. During normal use, the timing circuit stops counting to avoid triggering the energy-saving circuit. Furthermore, the fan is centrally controlled by the MCU for intelligent temperature control, and the circuit automatically shuts down when the set temperature is exceeded. It has comprehensive output overcurrent and short circuit protection functions as well as input current peak protection functions.

[0014] The technical solution of this application, compared with existing batteries, commonly used batteries for commercial on-demand delivery vehicles are 60V 50Ah, which use 17 strings of 50Ah ternary lithium batteries and can store 3 kWh of electricity. However, the lithium battery manufactured by this invention can use 11 strings of 140Ah ternary lithium batteries of the same volume, and the calculated amount of electricity that can be stored is about 5.7 kWh. The capacity is increased by 81% for the same volume, and the output voltage can be simulated to simulate common voltages such as 48V, 60V, and 72V according to actual needs to adapt to different vehicles, without changing the internal materials of the battery. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the MCU operation process of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the MCU main control circuit of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the battery voltage detection circuit of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration detection circuit of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the start-up control circuit of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature detection circuit of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic temperature control circuit of the present invention; Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the power control circuit of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the dual-channel interleaved parallel boost (DC-DC boost) circuit of the main module of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the four-way interleaved parallel boost (DC-DC boost) circuit of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the output current detection circuit of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling, amplification, and comparison circuit of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Outer shell; 2. High-sensitivity vibration sensor module; 3. MCU module; 4. Integrated circuit board module; 5. Heat sink fins; 6. Fan intelligent temperature control module; 7. Series battery pack module; 701. Series battery pack; 702. Positive electrode; 703. Negative electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1: The boost section is a dual-path interleaved parallel boost type super smart lithium battery. like Figures 1-11 As shown in Figures 13-14, a super intelligent lithium battery includes a housing 1, and the housing 1 contains a high-sensitivity vibration sensor module 2, an MCU main control module 3, an integrated circuit board module 4, heat dissipation fins 5, a fan intelligent temperature control module 6, and a series battery pack module 7.

[0019] MCU main control module 3 uses HK32F030MF4P6 chip. Pins PD4 and PD5 are connected to the vibration detection module, ADC2 channel is connected to the battery voltage detection circuit, T1-T2 pins output 180-degree phase difference synchronization signal, PW pin is connected to the power control module, and FS pin is connected to the fan drive circuit. Integrated circuit board module 4 integrates a dual-channel interleaved parallel boost circuit. Both the master module and the slave module use the LM5122ZAPWPR chip. The master module receives the synchronization signal from the T1 pin on the SYNCIN pin, and the slave module receives the synchronization signal from the T2 pin on the SYNCIN pin. The two outputs are connected in parallel, and the output current ripple is ≤50mV. The series battery module 7 uses 11 series 140Ah ternary lithium batteries, providing a rated input voltage of 40.7V and a full charge capacity of 3.7V*11*140Ah=5.7 kWh. The positive terminal 702 and the negative terminal 703 are connected to the integrated circuit board module 4 through copper busbars, providing a rated input voltage of 40.7V. The battery cell voltage operating range is preset to 3.0V-4.2V, the temperature threshold is preset to 60℃, the input current peak protection threshold is preset to 10A, and the output overcurrent protection threshold is preset to 8A. The intelligent temperature control module 6 for fans uses two 12V DC fans connected in parallel and driven by a D882 transistor. The cooling power is ≥5W when the fans start.

[0020] The circuit control process follows the steps described above. In practical applications, when a user uses an electric bicycle, the vibration sensor detects vibration and wakes up the circuit. The battery voltage is within the normal range of 3.0V-4.2V. The master and slave modules start under the control of a 180-degree phase difference synchronization signal. The MCU adjusts the PWM duty cycle according to the input voltage and output current to achieve constant power output, keeping the electric bicycle speed stable. When continuous operation causes the temperature to rise to 60℃, the fan automatically starts and shuts off when the temperature drops to 55℃. If an output short circuit occurs, the protection module quickly cuts off the output to avoid damaging the battery and circuit.

[0021] Example 2: The boost section is a four-channel interleaved parallel boost-type super smart lithium battery. like Figures 1-10 As shown in Figures 12-14, a super intelligent lithium battery has a structure that is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that: Integrated circuit board module 4 integrates four interleaved parallel boost circuits, using one master module and three slave modules, all using LM5122ZAPWPR chips. The T1-T4 pins of the MCU master control module 3 output four 90-degree phase difference synchronization signals, which are respectively connected to the SYNCIN pins of the four modules. The series battery module 7 uses 11 series of 140Ah ternary lithium batteries, providing a rated input voltage of 40.7V and a full charge capacity of 3.7V*11*140Ah=5.7 kWh; The input current peak protection threshold is preset to 15A, and the output overcurrent protection threshold is preset to 12A. The four-way boost circuit has a larger total power than the two-way boost circuit, making it suitable for application scenarios that require higher power output, such as electric motorcycles and energy storage power supplies. The intelligent temperature control module 6 for fans uses four 12V DC fans, which are symmetrically installed in two groups on both sides of the heat sink fins 5, with a heat dissipation power of ≥10W.

[0022] During its circuit control process, the phase difference of the synchronization signal is 90 degrees, and the noise cancellation effect is better after the four waveforms are superimposed. The output current ripple is ≤30mV, the constant power control accuracy is higher, and it can meet the stable power supply requirements of high-power equipment.

[0023] In this embodiment, the nominal voltage (V) = single cell voltage (V) × number of cells in series (n).

[0024] In this embodiment, the power (kWh / degree) = nominal voltage (V) × battery capacity (Ah) ÷ 1000.

[0025] In this embodiment, the improvement rate (%) = (electricity consumption of the present invention - electricity consumption of the prior art) ÷ electricity consumption of the prior art × 100%.

[0026] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A super intelligent lithium battery, comprising a casing (1), characterized in that: A high-sensitivity vibration sensor module (2) is provided at one end of the long side of the outer shell (1). An integrated circuit board module (4) is provided at the end of the long side of the outer shell (1) close to the high-sensitivity vibration sensor module (2). A heat dissipation fin (5) is provided on the side of the integrated circuit board module (4) close to the high-sensitivity vibration sensor module (2). A fan intelligent temperature control module (6) is provided on the side of the heat dissipation fin (5) away from the integrated circuit board module (4). An MCU main control module (3) is provided at the end of the long side of the outer shell (1) away from the integrated circuit board module (4). A series battery pack module (7) is provided inside the outer shell (1). The integrated circuit board module (4) integrates an interleaved parallel boost circuit, a voltage detection module, a current detection module, a synchronization signal generation module, and a power control module; The MCU main control module (3) uses the HK32F030MF4P6 chip, which is responsible for vibration detection, battery voltage detection, synchronization signal generation, module start control, temperature detection, power adjustment and fan temperature control drive.

2. The super intelligent lithium battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The series battery module (7) includes a series battery module (701), with a negative electrode (703) on the top of the short side away from the high-sensitivity vibration sensor module (2) and a positive electrode (702) on the top of the short side of the series battery module (701) close to the high-sensitivity vibration sensor module (2).

3. The super intelligent lithium battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interleaved parallel boost circuit includes a dual-channel interleaved parallel boost circuit or a quad-channel interleaved parallel boost circuit; the dual-channel interleaved parallel boost circuit consists of a master module and a slave module, and the MCU master control module (3) generates two interleaved synchronization signals with a phase difference of 180 degrees; the quad-channel interleaved parallel boost circuit consists of a master module and three slave modules, and the MCU master control module (3) generates four interleaved synchronization signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees.

4. A super intelligent lithium battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated circuit board module (4) is also provided with an input current peak protection module and an output overcurrent short circuit protection module; the input current peak protection module detects the input current peak value and triggers the circuit to stop working when it exceeds a preset threshold; the output overcurrent short circuit protection module detects the output current and quickly cuts off the output circuit when overcurrent limiting or short circuit occurs.

5. A super intelligent lithium battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-sensitivity vibration sensor module (2) is connected to the ZD pin of the MCU main control module (3) in conjunction with the resistor voltage divider circuit and the filter capacitor; the temperature detection module uses an HNTC0805-103F3950FB thermistor, which is connected to the ADC1 channel of the MCU main control module (3) through the voltage divider circuit.

6. A circuit control method for a super-intelligent lithium battery, applied to the super-intelligent lithium battery according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Initialization Startup: After the lithium battery is powered on, the MCU main control module (3) performs initialization, completes the configuration of each port, parameter preset and module self-test; S2, Vibration detection wake-up: The MCU main control module (3) detects the signal of the high-sensitivity vibration sensor module (2) through the ZD pin. When effective vibration is detected, it enters the working mode. When no vibration is detected, it remains in sleep mode. After one hour of rest, the boost circuit is automatically turned off. S3, Battery voltage detection: The MCU main control module (3) detects the input voltage of the series battery pack module (7) through the ADC2 channel to determine whether the battery voltage is within the allowable operating range; if it is lower than the warning value, the DC-DC boost circuit remains dormant; if it is within the normal range, the MCU main control module (3) wakes up the main circuit voltage conversion module through the QD pin; S4, staggered synchronous start: After the main module starts, the MCU main control module (3) generates a synchronization signal with a preset phase difference, and after a delay, controls the slave module to start synchronously. The main module and the slave module adopt a unified PWM duty cycle. S5, Constant power control: The MCU main control module (3) simultaneously detects the battery input voltage and output current, and calculates the PWM duty cycle according to the circuit's optimal power range, so that the circuit always works in the optimal condition; S6. Temperature detection and temperature control: The MCU main control module (3) detects the working temperature through the ADC1 channel. When the temperature exceeds the set threshold, the fan intelligent temperature control module (6) is activated. The fan is turned off after the temperature drops to a safe range. S7. Overcurrent and short circuit protection: The input current peak protection module and the output overcurrent and short circuit protection module detect the circuit status in real time and execute the corresponding protection action when a fault is triggered. S8. Cyclic Detection and Adjustment: Continuously cyclically detects vibration status, battery voltage, output current and temperature, and dynamically adjusts output power and temperature control strategy.

7. The circuit control method for a super-intelligent lithium battery according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the phase difference of the synchronization signal of the dual-channel interleaved parallel boost circuit is 180 degrees, and the phase difference of the synchronization signal of the four-channel interleaved parallel boost circuit is 90 degrees. The superimposed waveform noise cancels each other out.

8. The circuit control method for a super-intelligent lithium battery according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S5, when the input voltage is low, the total output power decreases accordingly as the base voltage decreases; when the input voltage is high, the total output power increases accordingly as the base voltage increases.

9. The circuit control method for a super-intelligent lithium battery according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S6, the fan intelligent temperature control module (6) and the heat dissipation fins (5) work together to dissipate heat, and the temperature threshold can be preset and adjusted by the MCU main control module (3).

10. The circuit control method for a super-intelligent lithium battery according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, the timing circuit stops counting during normal operation to avoid triggering the energy-saving circuit; in standby mode, the circuit shutdown action after one hour of inactivity can be adjusted by the MCU main control module (3) to adjust the delay time.

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