energy storage system

Abstract

The application relates to an energy storage system and relates to the technical field of energy storage. In the application, a first filter is arranged in a first chamber to adsorb impurities such as electrolyte and water vapor entering the first chamber, so as to reduce the catalytic influence of complex impurities in a thermal runaway medium on a carbon monoxide catalyst and a hydrogen catalyst. Carbon monoxide and oxygen in a second chamber react under the action of the carbon monoxide catalyst to be converted into carbon dioxide. The gas entering a third chamber from the second chamber contains hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases, wherein the hydrogen and the oxygen react under the catalytic action of a hydrogen catalyst to generate water vapor, the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium is catalytically absorbed, combustible harmful gases in the thermal runaway medium are reduced or removed, the combustible substance content of the final discharge to the outside of the energy storage system is greatly reduced, ignition treatment is not needed, the risk of combustion and explosion of the energy storage system is reduced or avoided, and the safety of the energy storage system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of new energy sources, energy storage batteries are being used more and more widely, and their safety is receiving increasing attention. In practical applications, energy storage batteries are prone to internal heating and high temperatures, potentially leading to thermal runaway. After thermal runaway, energy storage batteries produce large amounts of smoke, flammable gases, and flammable liquids. Currently, the main methods for dealing with flammable substances generated by battery thermal runaway are adsorption and combustion. Adsorption methods are ineffective at treating flammable substances, while combustion methods primarily use open flames, posing a risk of explosion. Therefore, how to safely and effectively handle flammable substances generated by battery thermal runaway is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an energy storage system that effectively handles flammable substances in thermal runaway media, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system.

[0004] This application provides an energy storage system comprising multiple battery packs, a flue, an exhaust chamber, and a fan. The pressure relief valves of the multiple battery packs are all connected to the flue, which in turn connects to the exhaust chamber. The exhaust chamber has a first chamber, a second chamber, and a third chamber. The first chamber is connected to the flue and, through the second chamber, to the third chamber. The first chamber contains a first filter element for adsorbing electrolytes and water vapor from the thermal runaway medium within the first chamber. The second chamber is connected to the outside of the energy storage system via the fan, which draws air from outside the energy storage system into the second chamber. The second chamber contains a carbon monoxide catalyst for catalyzing the reaction between carbon monoxide and oxygen within the second chamber. The third chamber is connected to the outside of the energy storage system and contains a hydrogen catalyst for catalyzing the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen within the third chamber.

[0005] A battery pack experiencing thermal runaway generates a large amount of thermal runaway medium, which includes components such as smoke, flammable substances, and particulate matter. A first filter is installed in the first chamber connected to the flue to adsorb impurities such as electrolytes and water vapor entering the first chamber, reducing the flammable liquids and water vapor in the thermal runaway medium, thus achieving pretreatment of the thermal runaway medium. The flammable substances include electrolytes, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide from the battery pack. The electrolyte is typically an organic electrolyte solvent; for example, organic esters in organic electrolytes can easily lead to catalyst deactivation. The filter adsorbing organic esters in the electrolyte can reduce the catalytic impact of complex impurities in the thermal runaway medium on the carbon monoxide and hydrogen catalysts, ensuring the catalytic activity of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen catalysts.

[0006] The second chamber is connected to the outside of the energy storage system via a fan, allowing the air drawn in by the fan to enter the second chamber and then the third chamber. This provides sufficient oxygen to both chambers, ensuring that the carbon monoxide and hydrogen catalysts can reach the catalytic initiation conditions and effectively treat flammable and harmful gases in the thermal runaway medium.

[0007] The first chamber is connected to the third chamber via the second chamber, allowing the filtered thermal runaway medium in the first chamber to be discharged into the second chamber. The fan is running when the thermal runaway medium enters the second chamber. During fan operation, air from outside the energy storage system is drawn into the second chamber. The thermal runaway medium flowing through the connection between the second chamber and the fan will flow from the second chamber to the third chamber under the influence of airflow. The possibility of the thermal runaway medium flowing back from the fan to the outside of the energy storage system is relatively small. Carbon monoxide and oxygen in the thermal runaway medium react under the action of a carbon monoxide catalyst, converting the carbon monoxide in the second chamber into carbon dioxide. This carbon dioxide absorbs the carbon monoxide gas discharged into the second chamber, and the remaining thermal runaway medium enters the third chamber. The gas entering the third chamber contains hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Hydrogen and oxygen react under the catalysis of a hydrogen catalyst to generate water vapor, thereby catalytically absorbing the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium, reducing or removing flammable and harmful gases in the thermal runaway medium, greatly reducing the content of flammable substances that are finally discharged to the outside of the energy storage system, and eliminating the need to ignite the flammable substances in the thermal runaway medium, reducing or avoiding the risk of combustion and explosion of the energy storage system, and improving the safety of the energy storage system.

[0008] Furthermore, in the emission path of the thermal runaway medium, the carbon monoxide catalyst and the hydrogen catalyst are set up in separate sections, one before the other. Since the hydrogen catalyst can also catalyze carbon monoxide, and its cost is higher than that of the carbon monoxide catalyst, this separate arrangement ensures that the carbon monoxide catalyst can completely catalyze the carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium within the base, while the hydrogen catalyst is used primarily to catalyze hydrogen. On the one hand, this ensures that the hydrogen catalyst will not partially catalyze carbon monoxide, resulting in incomplete hydrogen treatment; on the other hand, it effectively prevents the hydrogen catalyst from catalyzing carbon monoxide, thus saving costs. The carbon monoxide catalyst can be a metal oxide catalyst, which can catalyze the oxidation of large amounts of carbon monoxide, preventing poisoning of precious metal catalysts while achieving catalytic heating, thereby driving the hydrogen catalyst to catalyze the treatment of hydrogen. This breaks through the technical bottleneck of room temperature catalytic hydrogen and carbon monoxide treatment, eliminating the need for external heating and also saving costs.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the first chamber, the second chamber, and the third chamber are arranged along a first direction. The first chamber is connected to the flue through a smoke inlet, the first chamber is connected to the second chamber through a first connecting port, and the second chamber is connected to the third chamber through a second connecting port. The smoke inlet and the second connecting port are located on the same side of the first connecting port along a second direction. The first direction, the second direction, and the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs are perpendicular to each other.

[0010] The flow path of the thermal runaway medium from the flue gas inlet to the second connecting port is roughly a "U" shaped path, allowing for the placement of more first filters within the first chamber to fully adsorb the electrolyte and water vapor in the thermal runaway medium. Simultaneously, it prolongs the contact time between carbon monoxide and the carbon monoxide catalyst in the thermal runaway medium within the second chamber, enabling the carbon monoxide catalyst to fully convert the carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium and reducing the content of flammable and harmful gases discharged outside the energy storage system.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the exhaust chamber is provided with an exhaust port that connects to the outside of the third chamber and the energy storage system, and the exhaust port and the second connecting port are arranged at intervals along a second direction.

[0012] With the second connecting port and the first connecting port arranged at intervals along the second direction, and the second connecting port and the smoke inlet located on the same side of the first connecting port along the second direction, the exhaust port and the second connecting port are also arranged at intervals along the second direction. That is to say, the exhaust port and the first connecting port are located on the same side of the second connecting port along the second direction. In this way, the airflow path of the thermal runaway medium in the second and third chambers is roughly "U" shaped, which prolongs the contact time between the thermal runaway medium and the hydrogen catalyst, thereby allowing the hydrogen catalyst to fully convert the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium and reduce or eliminate flammable and harmful gases.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the energy storage system further includes a second filter element for blocking particulate matter and allowing gas to pass through. The second filter element is disposed within a second chamber, along a second direction, between the carbon monoxide catalyst and the second connection port. And / or, the second filter element is disposed within a third chamber, along the second direction, between the hydrogen catalyst and the second connection port. And / or, the second filter element is disposed at the second connection port.

[0014] That is, a second filter is provided between the carbon monoxide catalyst and the hydrogen catalyst in the path of the thermal runaway medium from the second chamber to the third chamber to prevent the carbon monoxide catalyst and the hydrogen catalyst from mixing together, reduce the influence of the carbon monoxide catalyst on the hydrogen catalyst, and ensure the catalytic activity of the hydrogen catalyst.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the exhaust chamber is further provided with a fourth chamber, which is connected to a fan. The fan is used to draw air from outside the energy storage system into the fourth chamber, wherein the second chamber is connected to the first chamber through the fourth chamber.

[0016] A fourth chamber is separately installed within the base and connected to a ventilation fan to achieve mixing of oxygen and the thermal runaway medium, resulting in a more uniform mixture. This allows the carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium to be fully catalyzed and converted into harmless gases. When the fan is running, air from outside the energy storage system is drawn into the fourth chamber. Since the first chamber is connected to the second chamber through the fourth chamber, the thermal runaway medium in the first chamber first enters the fourth chamber and mixes with the air inside. The thermal runaway medium mixed with oxygen in the fourth chamber then enters the second chamber, allowing it to rapidly catalyze a reaction upon contact with the carbon monoxide catalyst in the second chamber.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the first chamber and the second chamber are arranged along a first direction, the first chamber is connected to the flue through a smoke inlet, and the fourth chamber and the smoke inlet are arranged at intervals along a second direction. The fourth chamber is located on the same side of the first chamber and the second chamber along the second direction, and the first direction, the second direction and the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs are perpendicular to each other.

[0018] This design creates a U-shaped gas path for the thermal runaway medium within the first, fourth, and second chambers. Furthermore, the fourth chamber is located on the same side as the first and second chambers, allowing for more uniform mixing of the filtered thermal runaway medium with air. This ensures sufficient contact between the carbon monoxide catalyst and the carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium, as well as between the hydrogen catalyst and the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium. This enables efficient conversion of flammable and harmful gases in the thermal runaway medium, improving the conversion efficiency of both the carbon monoxide and hydrogen catalysts.

[0019] In one possible implementation, a baffle is provided inside the smoke exhaust chamber, part of which is located between the fourth chamber and the second chamber. The baffle has multiple through holes that connect the fourth chamber and the second chamber.

[0020] The fourth chamber and the second chamber are connected by multiple through holes, which increases the pressure resistance of gas entering the second chamber from the fourth chamber compared to connecting through a single opening, making the air and thermal runaway medium mix more evenly in the fourth chamber.

[0021] In one possible implementation, a portion of the baffle is located between the fourth chamber and the first chamber. The baffle is equipped with a valve body, and when the valve body is in the open state, the first chamber is connected to the fourth chamber.

[0022] A valve body is installed between the first and fourth chambers. Before the valve body is impacted by the thermal runaway medium, it is in a closed state, and the first and fourth chambers are not connected to each other. This prevents airflow from outside the energy storage system from flowing back into the battery pack through the fan, the fourth chamber, and the first chamber. At the same time, it maintains the relative seal of the first chamber, which is beneficial to the long-term preservation of the adsorbent material in the first filter element. When the thermal runaway medium impacts the valve body and reaches the valve opening condition, the valve body opens, connecting the first and fourth chambers. The thermal runaway medium enters the fourth chamber, mixes with air, and then enters the second chamber to react with the carbon monoxide catalyst.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the second chamber has a first corner, and a first guide plate is provided at the first corner. The opposite ends of the first guide plate are respectively connected to the two side walls forming the first corner.

[0024] With this configuration, the two side walls forming the first corner and the first guide plate enclose a blocking space. The first guide plate prevents the thermal runaway medium from entering the blocking space, which can effectively weaken the vortex that may exist in the second chamber, reduce the wind resistance in the second chamber, and ensure smooth airflow.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the third chamber has a second corner, and a second guide plate is provided at the second corner. The two opposite ends of the second guide plate are respectively connected to the two side walls forming the second corner.

[0026] This configuration creates a barrier space formed by the two side walls of the second corner and the second guide plate. The second guide plate prevents the thermal runaway medium from entering the barrier space, which can effectively weaken the vortex that may exist in the third chamber, reduce the wind resistance in the third chamber, and ensure smooth airflow.

[0027] In one possible implementation, multiple battery packs are stacked, and the flues of two adjacent battery packs are connected in the stacking direction to form a common flue, which connects the pressure relief valves and exhaust chambers of the multiple battery packs.

[0028] When multiple battery packs are stacked, the flues of each battery pack form a common flue. When a battery pack experiences thermal runaway, the resulting thermal runaway medium enters the common flue through the pressure relief valve and is then directionally discharged into the exhaust chamber through the common flue.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the energy storage system also includes a base with a smoke exhaust chamber, on which multiple battery packs are stacked.

[0030] The base can support multiple battery packs and form exhaust chambers on the base. Specifically, the base forms a first chamber, a second chamber, and a third chamber. The base treats flammable and harmful gases in the thermal runaway medium, improving the integration of the energy storage system and enhancing its safety.

[0031] In one possible implementation, multiple battery packs are stacked, and in the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs, the exhaust chamber is located on top of the multiple battery packs.

[0032] With this configuration, after multiple battery packs are stacked and installed, the exhaust chamber is located on top of the battery packs. When a battery pack experiences thermal runaway, due to the high temperature of the thermal runaway medium, it will naturally rise and be discharged into the exhaust chamber for treatment under the guidance of the flue. There is no need to set up additional power devices to achieve exhaust, thus reducing the cost of the energy storage system.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the energy storage system includes a power converter for converting direct current (DC) from multiple battery packs into alternating current (AC) and supplying it to the power grid or a load. And / or, the power converter is used to convert AC from an external AC power source into DC and supply it to the multiple battery packs. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0035] Figure 1 This application provides a schematic diagram of the architecture of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 A simplified diagram of multiple battery packs and a smoke exhaust chamber in an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage system provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 4 for Figure 3 The diagram shows the exploded structure of the energy storage system. Figure 5 This is an exploded view of a base and a fan provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a base and a cover plate provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 7 An exploded view of another base and cover plate provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a base provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a base, a fan, and a cover plate provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 10 A flowchart illustrating how an energy storage system handles thermal runaway media is provided as an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement of a first chamber, a second chamber, a third chamber, and a fourth chamber according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 A schematic diagram showing another arrangement of the first chamber, second chamber, third chamber, and fourth chamber provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 13 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement of a first chamber, a second chamber, a third chamber, and a fourth chamber according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 14 A flowchart illustrating another energy storage system for handling thermal runaway media, provided as an embodiment of this application; Figure 15 An exploded view of another base and cover plate provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 16 for Figure 15 A magnified view of the XVI region.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: X - First direction; Y - Second direction; Z - Third direction; 10 - Battery pack; 11 - Flue; 20 - Exhaust chamber; 21 - First chamber; 211 - First connecting port; 22 - Second chamber; 221 - Second connecting port; 222 - First corner; 23 - Third chamber; 231 - Second corner; 24 - First side wall; 25 - Second side wall; 26 - Third side wall; 27 - Fourth side wall; 28 - Exhaust port; 29 - Fourth chamber; 30 - Fan; 41 - First filter element; 42 - Second filter element Filter element; 51-Carbon monoxide catalyst; 52-Hydrogen catalyst; 60-Cover plate; 61-Fume inlet; 71-First baffle; 72-Second baffle; 73-Baffle; 731-Through hole; 80-Valve body; 91-First guide plate; 92-Second guide plate; A1-First included angle; A2-Second included angle; A3-Third included angle; A4-Fourth included angle; 100-Base; 200-Power converter; 300-Grid; 400-Load; 500-Photovoltaic array; 1000-Energy storage system. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., used in this application and the foregoing drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of the application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0039] In this specification, the terms "vertical" and "parallel" are explained.

[0040] Perpendicularity: The perpendicularity defined in this application is not limited to an absolute perpendicular intersection (with an included angle of 90°). It is permissible for non-absolute perpendicular intersections caused by factors such as assembly tolerances, design tolerances, and structural flatness. It is permissible for errors within a small angular range, such as an assembly error range of 80° to 100°, which can all be understood as a perpendicular relationship.

[0041] Parallelism: The parallelism defined in this application is not limited to absolute parallelism. This definition of parallelism can be understood as basic parallelism, allowing for situations where the parallelism is not absolute due to factors such as assembly tolerances, design tolerances, and structural flatness.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of an energy storage system 1000 provided in one embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the energy storage system 1000 includes multiple battery packs 10, a power converter 200, and a power grid 300 or a load 400. The power converter 200 converts direct current (DC) from the multiple battery packs 10 into alternating current (AC) and supplies it to the power grid 300 or the load 400. And / or, the power converter 200 converts AC from an external AC power source into DC and supplies it to the multiple battery packs 10. The power converter 200 may integrate a DC / DC conversion circuit and a DC / AC conversion circuit. The DC / DC conversion circuit converts high-voltage DC to low-voltage DC, and the DC / AC conversion circuit converts the DC power transmitted from the multiple battery packs 10 into AC. The multiple battery packs 10 include photovoltaic energy storage batteries or vehicle-mounted energy storage batteries, etc.

[0043] The multiple battery packs 10 can also receive DC power from an external DC power source, such as DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 500. The electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array 500 can be boosted or bucked by the DC / DC converter circuit to charge the multiple battery packs 10. When the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array 500 is insufficient to supply power to the grid 300 or the load 400, the electrical energy stored in the multiple battery packs 10 can be transferred to the grid 300 or the load 400 through the DC / AC converter circuit in the power converter 200.

[0044] On the other hand, the multiple battery packs 10 can also receive power from an external AC power source (such as the power grid 300). The AC power output from the power grid 300 is converted into DC power by a DC / AC conversion circuit and transmitted to the multiple battery packs 10 to charge them. Alternatively, the power converter 200 may only include a DC / AC conversion circuit, while the multiple battery packs 10 may have built-in DC / DC conversion circuits, allowing them to directly receive DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 500.

[0045] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 2 This is a simplified diagram of a plurality of battery packs 10 and a smoke exhaust chamber 20 in an energy storage system 1000 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage system 1000 provided in an embodiment of this application. The energy storage system 1000 includes multiple battery packs 10, a flue chamber 20, a flue 11, and a fan 30. The pressure relief valves of the multiple battery packs 10 are all connected to the flue 11, and the flue 11 is connected to the flue chamber 20.

[0046] Multiple battery packs 10 are stacked, and the flues 11 of adjacent battery packs 10 are connected in the stacking direction. The flues 11 of the multiple battery packs 10 form a common flue. The common flue connects the pressure relief valves of the multiple battery packs 10 and the exhaust chamber 20. For example, each battery pack 10 has a corresponding flue 11, and the pressure relief valve of each battery pack 10 is connected to its own flue 11. The flue 11 can be integrated inside the battery pack 10 or can be set independently outside the battery pack 10. In the event of thermal runaway in a battery pack, the generated thermal runaway medium enters the common flue through the pressure relief valve and is directionally discharged into the exhaust chamber 20 through the common flue.

[0047] like Figure 2As shown, in the stacking direction of multiple battery packs 10, the exhaust chamber 20 is located on top of the multiple battery packs 10. With this configuration, after the multiple battery packs 10 are stacked and installed, the exhaust chamber 20 is located on top of the multiple battery packs 10. When the battery pack 10 experiences thermal runaway, due to the high temperature of the thermal runaway medium, it will naturally rise and be discharged into the exhaust chamber 20 under the guidance of the flue 11 for treatment. There is no need to set up additional power devices to achieve exhaust, thus reducing the cost of the energy storage system 1000.

[0048] Please combine Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 4 for Figure 3 The diagram shows the exploded structure of the energy storage system 1000. Figure 5 This is an exploded structural diagram of a base 100 and a fan 30 provided in an embodiment of this application. The energy storage system 1000 also includes a base 100, which has a smoke exhaust chamber 20, and multiple battery packs 10 are stacked on the base 100. The base 100 can support the multiple battery packs 10 and forms the smoke exhaust chamber 20 on the base 100, that is, a first chamber 21, a second chamber 22 and a third chamber 23 are formed on the base 100. The flammable and harmful gases in the thermal runaway medium are treated in the base 100, which improves the integration of the energy storage system 1000 and enhances the safety of the energy storage system 1000.

[0049] When the exhaust chamber 20 is located on top of the multiple battery packs 10, the base 100 supports the multiple battery packs 10. Along the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs 10, the base 100 and the exhaust chamber 20 are located on opposite sides of the multiple battery packs 10, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown.

[0050] The exhaust chamber 20 comprises a first chamber 21, a second chamber 22, and a third chamber 23. The first chamber 21 is connected to the flue 11, and the first chamber 21 is connected to the third chamber 23 via the second chamber 22. The first chamber 21 contains a first filter 41, which adsorbs electrolytes and water vapor in the thermal runaway medium within the first chamber 21 and allows gas in the thermal runaway medium to pass through. The second chamber 22 is connected to the outside of the energy storage system 1000 via a fan 30, which draws air from outside the energy storage system 1000 into the second chamber 22. The second chamber 22 contains a carbon monoxide catalyst 51, which catalyzes the reaction between carbon monoxide and oxygen in the second chamber 22, converting carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide. The third chamber 23 is connected to the outside of the energy storage system 1000 and contains a hydrogen catalyst 52, which catalyzes the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in the third chamber 23.

[0051] Along the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs 10, the first chamber 21 is positioned opposite to and directly connected to the flue 11 of the battery pack 10 closest to the exhaust chamber 20, so as to connect the common flue formed by the multiple battery packs 10. It is not necessary to connect the flue 11 through other chambers in the base 100, ensuring that the thermal runaway medium first enters the first chamber 21 of the base 100 for filtration.

[0052] When the battery pack 10 experiences thermal runaway, it generates a large amount of thermal runaway medium, which includes components such as smoke, combustible substances, and particulate matter. A first filter 41 is installed in the first chamber 21 connected to the flue 11 to adsorb impurities such as electrolyte and water vapor entering the first chamber 21, reducing the flammable liquids and water vapor in the thermal runaway medium and achieving pretreatment of the thermal runaway medium. The combustible substances include the electrolyte, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide in the battery pack 10. The electrolyte is typically an organic electrolyte solvent, such as organic esters, which can easily lead to catalyst deactivation. The first filter 41 adsorbs organic esters in the electrolyte, reducing the impact of complex impurities in the thermal runaway medium on the catalytic activity of the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 and the hydrogen catalyst 52, thus ensuring the catalytic activity of the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 and the hydrogen catalyst 52.

[0053] The second chamber 22 is connected to the outside of the energy storage system 1000 through the fan 30, so that the air drawn in by the fan 30 can enter the second chamber 22 and then enter the third chamber 23 through the second chamber 22, providing sufficient oxygen for the second chamber 22 and the third chamber 23, ensuring that the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 and the hydrogen catalyst 52 can reach the catalytic initiation conditions, and effectively treating the flammable and harmful gases in the thermal runaway medium.

[0054] The first chamber 21 is connected to the third chamber 23 via the second chamber 22, allowing the filtered thermal runaway medium in the first chamber 21 to be discharged into the second chamber 22. When the thermal runaway medium enters the second chamber 22, the fan 30 is in operation. During the operation of the fan 30, air outside the energy storage system 1000 is drawn into the second chamber 22. The thermal runaway medium flowing through the connection between the second chamber 22 and the fan 30 will flow from the second chamber 22 to the third chamber 23 under the influence of airflow. The possibility of the thermal runaway medium flowing back from the fan 30 to the outside of the energy storage system 1000 is relatively small. Carbon monoxide and oxygen in the thermal runaway medium react under the action of the carbon monoxide catalyst 51, converting the carbon monoxide in the second chamber 22 into carbon dioxide, thereby absorbing the carbon monoxide gas discharged into the second chamber 22. The remaining thermal runaway medium enters the third chamber 23. The gas entering the third chamber 23 contains hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Hydrogen and oxygen react under the catalytic action of hydrogen catalyst 52 to generate water vapor, thereby catalytically absorbing hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium, reducing or removing flammable and harmful gases in the thermal runaway medium, greatly reducing the content of flammable substances that are finally discharged to the outside of the energy storage system 1000, and eliminating the need to ignite flammable substances in the thermal runaway medium, reducing or avoiding the risk of combustion and explosion of the energy storage system 1000, and improving the safety of the energy storage system 1000.

[0055] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a base 100 and a cover plate 60 provided in an embodiment of this application. The energy storage system 1000 also includes a cover plate 60, which covers the ends of the base 100 facing the plurality of battery packs 10. That is, the cover plate 60 is disposed between the base 100 and the battery pack 10 closest to the base 100, and the cover plate 60 is connected and fixed to the base 100 to seal the space enclosed by the base 100. The cover plate 60 is provided with a smoke inlet 61, which connects the first chamber 21 and the flue 11 of the battery pack 10 closest to the base 100.

[0056] The side and bottom walls of the base 100 form a receiving space, which is divided into a first chamber 21, a second chamber 22, and a third chamber 23. The first chamber 21 can be directly connected to the flue 11 of the battery pack 10 closest to the base 100. The first chamber 21 is connected to the third chamber 23 through the second chamber 22. The thermal runaway medium discharged from the first chamber 21 first passes through the second chamber 22 and then enters the third chamber 23. In the emission path of the thermal runaway medium, the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 and the hydrogen catalyst 52 are arranged in a front-to-back partition. Because the hydrogen catalyst 52 can also catalyze carbon monoxide, and the cost of the hydrogen catalyst 52 is higher than that of the carbon monoxide catalyst 51, the front-to-back partition arrangement of the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 and the hydrogen catalyst 52 can ensure that the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 can catalyze the thermal runaway medium in the base 100. Carbon monoxide is completely catalyzed, while the hydrogen catalyst 52 is used primarily to catalyze hydrogen. This ensures that the hydrogen catalyst 52 does not partially catalyze carbon monoxide, preventing incomplete hydrogen treatment. Furthermore, it effectively prevents the hydrogen catalyst 52 from catalyzing carbon monoxide, thus saving costs. The carbon monoxide catalyst 51 can be a metal oxide catalyst, capable of catalytically oxidizing a large amount of carbon monoxide. This prevents poisoning of the precious metal catalyst while simultaneously raising the catalytic temperature, driving the hydrogen catalyst 52 to catalyze hydrogen treatment. This overcomes the technical bottleneck of room temperature catalytic hydrogen and carbon monoxide treatment, eliminating the need for external heating and further saving costs.

[0057] Please return to the reference. Figure 5 The base 100 includes a first sidewall 24 and a second sidewall 25 disposed opposite to each other along a first direction X, and a third sidewall 26 and a fourth sidewall 27 disposed opposite to each other along a second direction Y. The first sidewall 24 and the second sidewall 25 are both connected between the third sidewall 26 and the fourth sidewall 27. The base 100 has a rectangular shape. The first direction X, the second direction Y, and the stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs 10 are perpendicular to each other. The first direction X can be the width direction of the base 100, the second direction Y can be the length direction of the base 100, and the stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs 10 is denoted as the third direction Z, which can be the height direction of the base 100. The dimension (i.e., width) of the base 100 along the first direction X is smaller than the dimension (i.e., length) of the base 100 along the second direction Y. In other embodiments, the width of the base 100 can be greater than the length of the base 100.

[0058] Please combine Figure 5 and Figure 6In one embodiment, the first chamber 21, the second chamber 22, and the third chamber 23 are arranged along a first direction X. The first chamber 21 is connected to the flue 11 through a smoke inlet 61. The first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22 are connected through a first connecting port 211. The second chamber 22 and the third chamber 23 are connected through a second connecting port 221. The smoke inlet 61 and the second connecting port 221 are located on the same side of the first connecting port 211 along a second direction Y. That is, the smoke inlet 61 and the first connecting port 211 are arranged along the second direction Y, and the first connecting port 211 and the second connecting port 221 are arranged along the second direction Y.

[0059] like Figure 5 As shown, in an embodiment where the width of the base 100 is less than its length, the first chamber 21, the second chamber 22, and the third chamber 23 are elongated. More first filters 41 can be arranged in the first chamber 21, allowing for sufficient adsorption of electrolytes and water vapor in the thermal runaway medium, ensuring the activity of the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 and the hydrogen catalyst 52. Furthermore, more carbon monoxide catalyst 51 can be arranged in the second chamber 22, generating more heat and eliminating the need for external heating of the hydrogen and hydrogen catalyst 52 reaction. Similarly, more hydrogen catalyst 52 can be arranged in the third chamber 23, ensuring that while the hydrogen catalyst 52 completely converts the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium, it also has a surplus to convert methane in the thermal runaway medium into harmless gas, thereby reducing or eliminating flammable and harmful gases in the thermal runaway medium.

[0060] The first chamber 21, the second chamber 22, and the third chamber 23 can be formed by the first partition 71, the second partition 72, and the base 100. For example, the first partition 71 and the second partition 72 divide the interior of the base 100 into the first chamber 21, the second chamber 22, and the third chamber 23.

[0061] like Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the first partition 71 and the second partition 72 are arranged at intervals relative to each other along the first direction X. The two opposite ends of the first partition 71 along the third direction Z are respectively connected to the bottom wall of the cover plate 60 and the base 100. The bottom wall of the base 100 and the cover plate 60 are arranged opposite each other along the third direction Z. One end of the first partition 71 along the second direction Y is connected and fixed to the third side wall 26, and the other end of the first partition 71 along the second direction Y has a gap with the fourth side wall 27. This gap forms the first connecting opening 211, reducing the processing steps for the first partition 71 and helping to reduce costs. Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7This is an exploded view of another base 100 and cover plate 60 provided in one embodiment of this application. In other embodiments, a first communication opening 211 may be formed on the first partition 71, for example, by opening a notch at the end of the first partition 71 facing the fourth sidewall 27 to form the first communication opening 211. Alternatively, for example, a hole may be opened on the first partition, located between the middle of the first partition along the second direction and the end of the first partition along the second direction facing the fourth sidewall, to form the first communication opening.

[0062] The first partition 71 and the first side wall 24 are arranged at intervals relative to each other along the first direction X, and the first partition 71, the first side wall 24, part of the third side wall 26 and part of the fourth side wall 27 form the first chamber 21.

[0063] The second partition 72 is connected to the bottom walls of the cover plate 60 and the base 100 at opposite ends along the third direction Z, respectively. For example... Figure 5 As shown, a gap exists between one end of the second partition 72 along the second direction Y and the third sidewall 26, forming a second communication port 221. This reduces the processing steps for the second partition 72, which helps to lower costs. Simultaneously, it allows the thermal runaway medium in the second chamber 22 to more easily enter the third chamber 23 through the second communication port 221. Figure 7 As shown, in other embodiments, a second communication opening 221 may be formed on the second partition 72. For example, a notch may be made at the end of the second partition 72 facing the third sidewall 26 to form the second communication opening 221. Alternatively, an opening may be provided in the middle portion of the second partition along the second direction facing the third sidewall to form the second communication opening.

[0064] The second partition 72 and the second sidewall 25 are arranged at intervals relative to each other along the first direction X. The second partition 72, the second sidewall 25, a portion of the third sidewall 26, and a portion of the fourth sidewall 27 form a third chamber 23. The second partition 72, the first partition 71, a portion of the third sidewall 26, and a portion of the fourth sidewall 27 form a second chamber 22, and the second chamber 22 is located between the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23 along the first direction X.

[0065] The smoke inlet 61 is located on the cover plate 60 in the second direction Y near the third side wall 26, for example, in the portion between the middle of the cover plate 60 in the second direction Y and the end of the cover plate 60 facing the third side wall 26, such that the smoke inlet 61 is located at the front end of the first chamber 21 in the second direction Y furthest from the first connecting port 211, wherein the first connecting port 211 is located at the end of the first chamber 21 in the second direction Y.

[0066] In summary, in this embodiment, when the battery pack 10 experiences thermal runaway, a large amount of high-temperature thermal runaway medium enters the inlet 61 through the flue 11. From the inlet 61 to the first connecting port 211, the thermal runaway medium flows along the second direction Y before entering the second chamber 22. From the first connecting port 211 to the second connecting port 221, the thermal runaway medium also flows along the second direction Y before entering the third chamber 23. Since the second connecting port 221 and the inlet 61 are both located on the same side of the first connecting port 211 along the second direction Y, the flow path of the thermal runaway medium from the inlet 61 to the second connecting port 221 is approximately a "U" shaped path. This allows for the placement of more first filter elements 41 within the first chamber 21 to fully adsorb the electrolyte and water vapor in the thermal runaway medium. Meanwhile, the contact time between carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide catalyst 51 in the thermal runaway medium in the second chamber 22 is extended so that the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 can fully convert the carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium and reduce the content of flammable and harmful gases discharged to the outside of the energy storage system 1000.

[0067] Furthermore, the exhaust chamber 20 is provided with an exhaust port 28. For example, when the exhaust chamber 20 is enclosed by the internal space of the base 100, the base 100 is provided with an exhaust port 28. The exhaust port 28 connects the third chamber 23 and the outside of the energy storage system 1000. The exhaust port 28 and the second connecting port 221 are arranged at intervals along the second direction Y. With the second connecting port 221 and the first connecting port 211 arranged at intervals along the second direction Y, and the second connecting port 221 and the smoke inlet 61 located on the same side of the first connecting port 211 along the second direction Y, the exhaust port 28 and the second connecting port 221 are arranged at intervals along the second direction Y. That is to say, the exhaust port 28 and the first connecting port 211 are located on the same side of the second connecting port 221 along the second direction Y. In this way, the airflow path of the thermal runaway medium in the second chamber 22 and the third chamber 23 is roughly "U" shaped, which prolongs the contact time between the thermal runaway medium and the hydrogen catalyst 52, thereby enabling the hydrogen catalyst 52 to fully convert the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium and achieve the reduction or elimination of flammable and harmful gases.

[0068] like Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, for example, the exhaust port 28 can be provided on the second sidewall 25. To prevent the thermal runaway medium discharged from the exhaust port 28 from being sprayed towards the user, a pipe can be connected to the outside of the exhaust port 28 to lead it to a safe area. Alternatively, as Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a base 100 provided in one embodiment of this application. The exhaust port 28 can be provided on the bottom wall of the base 100, with the bottom wall of the base 100 facing the ground, ensuring that the exhaust direction of the exhaust port 28 is towards a safe area.

[0069] In this embodiment, to prevent the fan 30 from obstructing the flow of the thermal runaway medium inside the base 100, the fan 30 is located outside the exhaust chamber 20, such as outside the base 100. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the base 100, fan 30, and cover plate 60 provided in an embodiment of this application. For example, the fan 30 can communicate with the second chamber 22 through the first chamber 21. For instance, the fan 30 is mounted on the first side wall 24, and the fan 30 is positioned opposite the first communication port 211 in the first direction X. The air outlet direction of the fan 30 faces the first communication port 211. When the cover plate 60 and the base 100 are assembled, a first filter element 41 is provided between the fan 30 and the smoke inlet 61 along the first direction X, so that the fan 30 is as far away from the smoke inlet 61 as possible, preventing the air drawn into the first chamber 21 by the fan 30 from flowing back to the smoke inlet 61. The air outlet direction of the fan 30 faces the first communication port 211, which on the one hand provides oxygen to the second chamber 22, and on the other hand, the thermal runaway medium can be blown towards the second chamber 22 by the fan 30, accelerating the entry of the thermal runaway medium from the first communication port 211 into the second chamber 22.

[0070] like Figure 8 As shown, for example, the fan 30 is directly connected to the second chamber 22. For instance, the fan 30 is mounted on the third side wall 26 and is positioned opposite the second chamber 22 in the second direction Y. When the fan 30 is running, the air drawn by the fan 30 is directly blown towards the second chamber 22. The fan 30 can provide sufficient oxygen to the second chamber 22 while also blowing the thermal runaway medium towards the second connection port 221, so that the thermal runaway medium can smoothly enter the third chamber 23. In order to reduce or avoid the thermal runaway medium flowing back into the first chamber 21 under the action of the fan 30, there is a gap between the first connection port 211 and the third side wall 26, that is, the first connection port 211 is formed by an opening on the first partition 71.

[0071] Please see Figure 10 , Figure 10This is a flowchart illustrating how an energy storage system 1000 handles thermal runaway media, as provided in one embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, a gas sensor and a temperature sensor can be installed in the first chamber 21. Along the second direction Y, both the gas sensor and the temperature sensor are positioned between the first filter 41 closest to the smoke inlet 61 and the smoke inlet 61 to promptly alert whether thermal runaway media has entered the first chamber 21 from the smoke inlet 61. When the battery pack 10 experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway media enters the first chamber 21 from the smoke inlet 61, and both the gas sensor and the temperature sensor respond simultaneously. Specifically, when the gas concentration detected by the gas sensor is greater than or equal to a gas concentration threshold, or when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is greater than or equal to a temperature threshold, it is considered that there may be exhaust. At this time, an alarm can be triggered, the energy storage system 1000 stops operating, and an alarm signal (such as illuminating an alarm light) is issued to ensure that the energy storage system 1000 operates safely. When the gas concentration detected by the gas sensor is greater than or equal to the gas concentration threshold, and the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is greater than or equal to the temperature threshold, the control fan 30 is powered on and the alarm is triggered to issue an alarm signal (such as illuminating the alarm light), so as to timely supply air to the second chamber 22, allowing the thermal runaway medium to mix with the air and be catalytically reduced. When the gas concentration detected by the gas sensor is less than the gas concentration threshold, and the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is less than the temperature threshold, it is considered that the thermal runaway medium has been completely discharged. At this time, the control fan 30 stops running and the alarm light is turned off.

[0072] By installing temperature and gas sensors in the first chamber 21, timely warnings can be issued regarding whether thermal runaway media enters the first chamber 21 from the smoke inlet 61, and the start and stop of the fan 30 can be controlled. When the gas concentration detected by the gas sensor is greater than or equal to the gas concentration threshold, and the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is greater than or equal to the temperature threshold, the fan 30 is turned on to reduce or avoid false alarms from a single sensor.

[0073] Please see Figure 11 , Figure 11This is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement of a first chamber 21, a second chamber 22, a third chamber 23, and a fourth chamber 29 according to an embodiment of this application. In one embodiment, the first chamber 21, the second chamber 22, the third chamber 23, and the fourth chamber 29 are formed within the smoke exhaust chamber 20, for example, the first chamber 21, the second chamber 22, the third chamber 23, and the fourth chamber 29 are formed within the base 100. The first chamber 21 is connected to the second chamber 22 via the fourth chamber 29, and the second chamber 22 is directly connected to the third chamber 23. The fourth chamber 29 is connected to a fan 30, which draws air from outside the energy storage system 1000 into the fourth chamber 29. That is, outside air first enters the fourth chamber 29, then enters the second chamber 22 through the fourth chamber 29, and then enters the third chamber 23 through the second chamber 22.

[0074] A fourth chamber 29 is separately set up in the exhaust chamber 20 and connected to the ventilation fan 30 to achieve mixing of oxygen and thermal runaway medium, and to make the gas mixture more uniform, so that carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium can be fully catalyzed and converted into harmless gases. When the fan 30 is running, the air outside the energy storage system 1000 is drawn into the fourth chamber 29. Since the first chamber 21 is connected to the second chamber 22 through the fourth chamber 29, the thermal runaway medium in the first chamber 21 first enters the fourth chamber 29 and mixes with the air in the fourth chamber 29. The thermal runaway medium mixed with oxygen in the fourth chamber 29 then enters the second chamber 22, so that the thermal runaway medium mixed with oxygen can quickly catalyze the reaction after contacting the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 in the second chamber 22.

[0075] Please combine them together Figure 4 In this embodiment, the first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22 are arranged along the first direction X. The first chamber 21 is connected to the flue 11 through the smoke inlet 61. The first four chambers and the smoke inlet 61 are arranged at intervals along the second direction Y. The fourth chamber 29 is located on the same side of the first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22 along the second direction Y. In this way, the gas path of the thermal runaway medium in the first chamber 21, the fourth chamber 29 and the second chamber 22 is a "U" shaped gas path. The fourth chamber 29 is located on the same side of the first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22 along the second direction Y. The fourth chamber 29 can mix the filtered thermal runaway medium with air more evenly, so that the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 and the carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium are in full contact, and the hydrogen catalyst 52 and the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium are in full contact. This can efficiently convert the flammable and harmful gases in the thermal runaway medium and improve the conversion efficiency of the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 and the hydrogen catalyst 52.

[0076] In this embodiment, the third chamber 23 is located on the side of the second chamber 22 opposite to the first chamber 21. For example, as Figure 11As shown, the first chamber 21, the second chamber 22, and the third chamber 23 are arranged sequentially along the first direction X. The third chamber 23 can be arranged with the fourth chamber 29 along the first direction X, as shown below. Figure 11 As shown, this maximizes the size of the third chamber 23 along the second direction Y, allowing for the placement of more hydrogen catalyst 52 to fully convert the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium. Simultaneously, the hydrogen catalyst 52 can also convert a small amount of methane gas in the thermal runaway medium, reducing the amount of flammable and harmful gases emitted outside the energy storage system 1000. Alternatively, please refer to... Figure 12 , Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing another arrangement of a first chamber 21, a second chamber 22, a third chamber 23, and a fourth chamber 29 according to an embodiment of this application. The third chamber 23 can be arranged with the fourth chamber 29 along the second direction Y, and the third chamber 23 is located on the side of the fourth chamber 29 facing the first chamber 21 in the second direction Y.

[0077] The first chamber 21, the second chamber 22, and the third chamber 23 are enclosed by the first partition 71, the second partition 72, and the base 100, and are arranged sequentially along the first direction X. The two opposite ends of the first partition 71 along the third direction Z are connected to the cover plate 60 and the bottom wall of the base 100, respectively, and one end of the first partition 71 along the second direction Y is connected and fixed to the third side wall 26. The two opposite ends of the second partition 72 along the third direction Z are connected to the cover plate 60 and the bottom wall of the base 100, respectively, and a gap exists between the end of the second partition 72 along the second direction Y and the third side wall 26 to form a second communication port 221. The formation of the second communication port 221 can also refer to the description in the previous embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0078] In this embodiment, the base 100 is further provided with a baffle 73, wherein the baffle 73 is provided with a first connecting port 211 to connect the first chamber 21 and the fourth chamber 29. The baffle 73 is connected to both the first partition 71 and the second partition 72. The baffle 73 can be arranged perpendicularly to the first partition 71 and the second partition 72. For example, when the other end of the first partition 71 along the second direction Y is spaced apart from the fourth sidewall 27, one end of the baffle 73 along the first direction X is connected to the first sidewall 24. Figure 11 As shown, when the third chamber 23 and the fourth chamber 29 are arranged along the first direction X, the other end of the baffle 73 along the first direction X is connected to the side of the second partition 72 facing the first partition 71. The baffle 73, part of the first sidewall 24, part of the fourth sidewall 27, and part of the second partition 72 form the fourth chamber 29. Figure 12As shown, when the third chamber 23 and the fourth chamber 29 are arranged along the second direction Y, the other end of the baffle 73 along the first direction X is connected to the second side wall 25. At this time, the baffle 73 and the end of the second partition 72 opposite to the third side wall 26 along the second direction Y (i.e., the other end of the second partition 72 along the second direction Y) are connected. The baffle 73, part of the first side wall 24, part of the second side wall 25 and the fourth side wall 27 form the fourth chamber 29. Figure 13 As shown, Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement of a first chamber 21, a second chamber 22, a third chamber 23, and a fourth chamber 29 according to an embodiment of this application. For example, when the other end of the first partition 71 along the second direction Y is connected and fixed to the fourth side wall 27, one end of the baffle 73 along the first direction X is connected to the side of the first partition 71 facing the second partition 72, and the other end of the baffle 73 along the first direction X is connected to the second side wall 25. In this case, the baffle 73, a portion of the first partition 71, a portion of the fourth side wall 27, and a portion of the second side wall 25 form the fourth chamber 29.

[0079] like Figures 11 to 13 As shown, a portion of the baffle 73 is located between the fourth chamber 29 and the second chamber 22. The baffle 73 has multiple through holes 731 that connect the fourth chamber 29 and the second chamber 22. The multiple through holes 731 can be arranged in an array on the baffle 73. The fourth chamber 29 and the second chamber 22 are connected through multiple through holes 731. Compared to connecting through a single opening, this increases the pressure resistance of gas (including air and hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium) entering the second chamber 22 from the fourth chamber 29, making the air and the thermal runaway medium mix more uniformly in the fourth chamber 29.

[0080] Furthermore, the shape of the through hole 731 can be circular, rectangular, rhomboid, triangular or other shapes. In order to increase the wind resistance when air passes through the through hole 731 and make the air mixing effect in the fourth chamber 29 better, the shape of the through hole 731 can be rectangular, rhomboid, triangular or other polygons. Thus, under the same opening area and flow velocity, the through hole 731 with sharp corner area is more likely to form low-speed vortices in the sharp corner area, increasing the resistance.

[0081] like Figure 11 and Figure 12As shown, a portion of the baffle 73 is located between the fourth chamber 29 and the first chamber 21. That is, one end of the baffle 73 along the first direction X is connected to the first sidewall 24. This portion of the baffle 73 can be provided with a first communication port 211, through which the thermal runaway medium in the first chamber 21 enters the fourth chamber 29. Furthermore, the baffle 73 is provided with a valve body 80. When the valve body 80 is in the open state, the first chamber 21 and the fourth chamber 29 are connected. The valve body 80 is located at the first communication port 211. A valve body 80 is installed between the first chamber 21 and the fourth chamber 29. Before the valve body 80 is impacted by the thermal runaway medium, it is in a closed state, and the first chamber 21 and the fourth chamber 29 are not connected to each other. This prevents airflow from outside the energy storage system 1000 from flowing back into the battery pack 10 through the fan 30, the fourth chamber 29, and the first chamber 21. At the same time, it maintains the relative sealing of the first chamber 21, which is beneficial to the long-term preservation of the adsorbent material in the first filter element 41. When the thermal runaway medium impacts the valve body 80 and reaches the valve opening condition, the valve body 80 opens, and the first chamber 21 and the fourth chamber 29 are connected. The thermal runaway medium enters the fourth chamber 29, mixes with the air, and then enters the second chamber 22 to react with the carbon monoxide catalyst 51.

[0082] In addition, a valve body 80 is provided on the portion of the baffle 73 directly opposite the first chamber 21 in the second direction Y, making it easier for the thermal runaway medium in the first chamber 21 to open the valve body 80 when it flows in the second direction Y.

[0083] The valve body 80 can be a self-operated one-way valve, and the valve body 80 integrates a reset mechanism. When subjected to pressure impact, and the thrust generated by the pressure is greater than the reset force of the reset mechanism, the valve body 80 is pushed open; when the pressure decreases or disappears to the point that the reset force is greater than the pressure, the valve automatically closes under the action of the reset mechanism, blocking the connection between the first chamber 21 and the fourth chamber 29, thereby ensuring the airtightness of the multiple battery packs 10.

[0084] In this embodiment, the settings of the smoke inlet 61, the second connecting port 221, and the exhaust port 28 can refer to the corresponding settings in the previous embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0085] In this embodiment, a first chamber 21 for trapping impurities (electrolytes and water vapor, etc.), a fourth chamber 29 for mixing gases, a second chamber 22 for catalyzing carbon monoxide, and a third chamber 23 for catalyzing hydrogen and methane are set inside the exhaust chamber 20. These chambers are connected in series to complete the entire process of thermal runaway medium pretreatment, thermal runaway medium mixing with air, and low-temperature catalytic oxidation. This collaboratively achieves the interception of impurities and the reduction of flammable and harmful gases generated by the thermal runaway of the battery pack 10.

[0086] Please see Figure 12 and Figure 14 , Figure 14This is a flowchart illustrating the handling of thermal runaway media in another energy storage system 1000 according to an embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, when thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack 10, the thermal runaway media enters the fourth chamber 29 from the first chamber 21, causing the valve body 80 to open. With the valve body 80 open, a large amount of thermal runaway media is present in the first chamber 21. At this time, an alarm is triggered, the energy storage system 1000 stops operating, and an alarm signal (such as an alarm light) is generated to ensure the safe operation of the energy storage system 1000. Simultaneously, the fan 30 is powered on to supply air to the fourth chamber 29, allowing the air to mix with the thermal runaway media before entering the second chamber 22 and the third chamber 23 for catalytic reduction. When the air pressure in the first chamber 21 decreases to the reset force of the valve body 80's reset mechanism, the valve body 80 automatically closes. At this time, the fan 30 stops operating, and the alarm light is extinguished.

[0087] Please combine Figure 13 In this application, the two opposite ends of the first filter element 41 along the first direction X can be connected to the cover plate 60 and the bottom wall of the base 100 respectively, and the two opposite ends of the first filter element 41 along the second direction Y can be connected to the first side wall 24 and the first partition 71 respectively, so as to ensure that the thermal runaway medium entering the first chamber 21 from the smoke inlet 61 can be fully filtered by the first filter element 41.

[0088] The first filter element 41 is disposed between the flue gas inlet 61 and the first connecting port 211, ensuring that the thermal runaway medium in the first chamber 21 is filtered by the first filter element 41 before entering the second chamber 22 to participate in the catalytic reaction. There can be one or more first filters 41. When there are multiple first filters 41, they can be arranged at intervals along the second direction Y to fully adsorb electrolytes and water vapor in the thermal runaway medium. For example, the spacing between two adjacent first filters 41 can be 4mm to 6mm; for instance, the spacing between two adjacent first filters 41 can be 4mm, 5mm, or 6mm.

[0089] The first filter element 41 may include a grid plate and an adsorbent material. The grid plate is provided with multiple perforations, and the inside of the grid plate is filled with adsorbent materials such as color-changing silica gel and resin. When the organic solvent of the electrolyte in the thermal runaway medium vaporizes under high temperature conditions, it will form a large amount of smoke, droplets and flammable toxic gases (such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, etc.) and other decomposition products. When these decomposition products pass through the first filter element 41, they are intercepted by the multiple perforations on the grid plate. Smoke, droplets and methane are adsorbed by the adsorbent material, realizing triple interception of electrolyte, organic gas (methane) and water vapor, and ensuring the activity of carbon monoxide catalyst 51 and hydrogen catalyst 52.

[0090] The carbon monoxide catalyst 51 is placed in the second chamber 22. The carbon monoxide catalyst 51 can be a particulate catalyst. The small gaps between the particulate catalysts make it difficult for the thermal runaway medium in the second chamber 22 to lose temperature. The temperature of the thermal runaway medium itself can reach the catalytic initiation temperature of the carbon monoxide catalyst 51, without the need for additional heating. To prevent the particulate carbon monoxide catalyst 51 from being carried away by the airflow, grid plates are set on both sides opposite to the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 in the flow direction of the thermal runaway medium in the second chamber 22. For example, if the flow direction is the second direction Y, grid plates can be set on both sides opposite to the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 along the second direction Y. The grid plates are provided with multiple perforations to allow airflow to pass through.

[0091] The carbon monoxide catalyst 51 can be a metal oxide catalyst, such as a copper-manganese-based catalyst, which can reduce the manufacturing cost and has good low-temperature catalytic activity, and can efficiently catalyze the reaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide at room temperature.

[0092] The hydrogen catalyst 52 is located in the third chamber 23 and between the second connection port 221 and the exhaust port 28. For example, in the second direction Y, the hydrogen catalyst 52 is located between the second connection port 221 and the exhaust port 28 to ensure that the thermal runaway medium entering the third chamber 23 from the second connection port 221 first passes through the hydrogen catalyst 52 before being discharged from the energy storage system 1000. This allows the hydrogen catalyst 52 to convert the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium into harmless substances, reducing the content of flammable and harmful gases discharged from the energy storage system 1000.

[0093] The hydrogen catalyst 52 comprises a porous catalyst, which may be a noble metal catalyst. Since the hydrogen catalyst 52 is located in the later stage of the thermal runaway medium treatment, heat is generated when the hydrogen catalyst 52 catalyzes the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. The porous structure of the hydrogen catalyst 52 reduces its thermal resistance, allowing heat in the third chamber 23 to flow more easily through the pores of the hydrogen catalyst 52 to the outside of the energy storage system 1000. This enables rapid heat dissipation after the catalytic reaction, significantly reducing the probability of heat accumulation.

[0094] Please see Figure 13The energy storage system 1000 also includes a second filter element 42, which is located between the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 and the hydrogen catalyst 52 in the flow direction of the thermal runaway medium from the second chamber 22 to the third chamber 23. The second filter element 42 can be filter cotton or aluminosilicate cotton. For example, using aluminosilicate cotton gives the second filter element 42 better high-temperature resistance and makes it less susceptible to damage by the high-temperature thermal runaway medium. The second filter element 42 is used to filter particulate matter and allow gas to pass through. For example, the second filter element 42 is mainly used to filter large-pore particulate matter. At the same time, it allows gas in the thermal runaway medium, carbon dioxide catalyzed by the carbon monoxide catalyst 51, and air to pass through. These gases enter the third chamber 23 through the second connection port 221, where hydrogen and oxygen are catalyzed by the hydrogen catalyst 52 to produce water. Meanwhile, the second filter element 42 also blocks particulate matter, preventing the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 and the hydrogen catalyst 52 from mixing together, reducing the impact of the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 on the hydrogen catalyst 52, and ensuring the catalytic activity of the hydrogen catalyst 52.

[0095] like Figure 13 As shown, for example, a second filter element 42 is provided in the second chamber 22 along the second direction Y. The second filter element 42 is located between the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 and the second communication port 221 to prevent the carbon monoxide catalyst 51 particles from flowing into the second communication port 221 and entering the third chamber 23 to mix with the hydrogen catalyst 52, thereby ensuring the catalytic activity of the hydrogen catalyst 52.

[0096] For example, the third chamber is provided with a second filter element along the second direction Y. The second filter element is located between the second connection port and the hydrogen catalyst to prevent carbon monoxide catalyst particles that may come from the second connection port from mixing with the hydrogen catalyst, thereby ensuring the catalytic activity of the hydrogen catalyst. For example, the second filter element is provided at the second connection port.

[0097] It is understood that at least one of the second chamber 22, the third chamber 23, and the second connecting port 221 is provided with a second filter element 42. For example, to save costs, a second filter element 42 can be provided in one of them. Alternatively, to ensure the catalytic activity of the hydrogen catalyst 52, multiple second filters 42 can be provided. Multiple second filters 42 can be provided in the second chamber 22; multiple second filters 42 can be provided in the third chamber 23; or one second filter 42 can be provided in both the second chamber 22 and the third chamber 23. Specific examples are not listed here.

[0098] Please see Figure 15 , Figure 15This is an exploded structural diagram of another base 100 and cover plate 60 provided in an embodiment of this application. The second chamber 22 is provided with a first corner 222, and a first guide plate 91 is provided at the first corner 222. The opposite ends of the first guide plate 91 are respectively connected to the two side walls forming the first corner 222. With this arrangement, the first guide plate 91 and the two side walls forming the first corner 222 enclose a blocking space. The angle of the side of the first guide plate 91 away from the blocking space is less sharp than the angle of the first corner 222, so that the first guide plate 91 can block the thermal runaway medium from entering the blocking space. This can effectively weaken the eddies that may exist in the second chamber 22, reduce the wind resistance in the second chamber 22, and ensure unobstructed airflow.

[0099] Please combine Figure 16 , Figure 16 for Figure 15 Enlarged view at point XVI. For example, the first partition 71 and the third sidewall 26 are arranged perpendicularly. The corner formed at the connection between the first partition 71 and the third sidewall 26 is the first corner 222, that is, the first partition 71 and the third sidewall 26 are the two sidewalls forming the first corner 222. The first corner 222 is a right-angled corner. One end of the first guide plate 91 is connected to the first partition 71, and the other end is connected to the third sidewall 26. A blocking space is formed between the first guide plate 91, the first partition 71, and the third sidewall 26. The angle between the first guide plate 91 and the first partition 71 on the side away from the blocking space is the first included angle A1. The sharpness of the first included angle A1 is less than the sharpness of the first corner 222, that is, the angle of the first included angle A1 is greater than the angle of the first corner 222. The angle between the first guide plate 91 and the third side wall 26 on the side away from the obstruction space is the second included angle A2. The sharpness of the second included angle A2 is less than the sharpness of the first corner 222, that is, the angle of the second included angle A2 is greater than the angle of the first corner 222.

[0100] Other corners within the second chamber 22 can also be provided with first guide plates 91. For example, the corner formed at the connection between the baffle 73 and the first partition 71 is also a first corner 222, with the baffle 73 and the first partition 71 being the two side walls forming the first corner 222. The opposite ends of the corresponding first guide plates 91 are connected to the baffle 73 and the first partition 71, respectively.

[0101] The third chamber 23 has a second corner 231, at which a second guide plate 92 is provided. The two opposite ends of the second guide plate 92 are connected to the two side walls forming the second corner 231, respectively. This arrangement creates a blocking space between the second guide plate 92 and the two side walls forming the second corner 231. The angle between the side of the second guide plate 92 facing away from this blocking space is less sharp than the angle of the second corner 231. This allows the second guide plate 92 to block the thermal runaway medium from entering the blocking space, effectively reducing potential vortices in the third chamber 23, lowering wind resistance within the third chamber 23, and ensuring unobstructed airflow.

[0102] For example, the third sidewall 26 and the second sidewall 25 are arranged perpendicularly, and the corner formed at the connection between the second sidewall 25 and the third sidewall 26 is the second corner 231. That is, the second sidewall 25 and the third sidewall 26 are the two sidewalls forming the second corner 231. The second corner 231 is a right-angled corner. One end of the second guide plate 92 is connected to the second sidewall 25, and the other end is connected to the third sidewall 26. A blocking space is formed between the second guide plate 92, the second sidewall 25, and the third sidewall 26. The angle between the second guide plate 92 and the second sidewall 25 on the side away from the blocking space is the third included angle A3. The sharpness of the third included angle A3 is less than the sharpness of the second corner 231, that is, the angle of the third included angle A3 is greater than the angle of the second corner 231. The angle between the second guide plate 92 and the third side wall 26 on the side away from the obstruction space is the fourth included angle A4. The sharpness of the fourth included angle A4 is less than the sharpness of the second corner 231, that is, the angle of the fourth included angle A4 is greater than the angle of the second corner 231.

[0103] Other corners within the third chamber 23 can also be equipped with second guide vanes 92. For example, the corner formed at the connection between the second partition 72 and the fourth side wall 27 is also a second corner 231, with the second partition 72 and the fourth side wall 27 being the two side walls forming this second corner 231. The corresponding two ends of the second guide vanes 92 are connected to the second partition 72 and the fourth side wall 27, respectively.

[0104] For example, when the airflow path of the thermal runaway medium in the second chamber 22 and the third chamber 23 is "U" shaped, the first guide plate 91 and the second guide plate 92 are located on both sides of the second communication port 221 along the second direction Y, making it easier for the thermal runaway medium to enter the third chamber 23 from the second chamber 22 through the second communication port 221.

[0105] In this application, the corners in the fourth chamber 29 do not need to be equipped with guide vanes, so that the airflow in the fourth chamber 29 can form vortices, accelerate the mixing of thermal runaway medium and air, and improve the mixing effect of thermal runaway medium and air.

[0106] A deflector plate may be installed at the corner of the first chamber 21, or it may not be installed; there is no specific limitation.

[0107] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An energy storage system, characterized in that, It includes multiple battery packs, flues, exhaust chambers and fans, and the pressure relief valves of the multiple battery packs are all connected to the flues, which are connected to the exhaust chambers; The exhaust chamber is provided with a first chamber, a second chamber and a third chamber. The first chamber is connected to the flue. The first chamber is connected to the third chamber through the second chamber. The first chamber is provided with a first filter element, which is used to adsorb electrolytes and water vapor in the thermal runaway medium in the first chamber. The second chamber is connected to the outside of the energy storage system through the fan. The fan is used to draw air from outside the energy storage system into the second chamber. The second chamber is equipped with a carbon monoxide catalyst, which is used to catalyze the reaction between carbon monoxide and oxygen in the second chamber. The third chamber is connected to the outside of the energy storage system. The third chamber is equipped with a hydrogen catalyst, which is used to catalyze the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in the third chamber.

2. The energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first chamber, the second chamber, and the third chamber are arranged along a first direction. The first chamber is connected to the flue through a smoke inlet. The first chamber is connected to the second chamber through a first connecting port. The second chamber and the third chamber are connected through a second connecting port. The smoke inlet and the second connecting port are located on the same side of the first connecting port along a second direction. The first direction, the second direction, and the stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs are perpendicular to each other.

3. The energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The exhaust chamber is provided with an exhaust port, which connects the third chamber and the outside of the energy storage system. The exhaust port and the second connecting port are arranged at intervals along the second direction.

4. The energy storage system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The energy storage system also includes a second filter element, which is used to block particulate matter and allow gas to pass through; The second filter element is disposed within the second chamber, along the second direction, and is located between the carbon monoxide catalyst and the second communication port; and / or, The second filter element is disposed within the third chamber, along the second direction, and is located between the hydrogen catalyst and the second communication port; and / or, The second filter element is located at the second connection port.

5. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The exhaust chamber is further provided with a fourth chamber, which is connected to the fan. The fan is used to draw air from outside the energy storage system into the fourth chamber. The second chamber is connected to the first chamber through the fourth chamber.

6. The energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first chamber and the second chamber are arranged along a first direction. The first chamber is connected to the flue through a smoke inlet. The fourth chamber is arranged at intervals with the smoke inlet along a second direction. The fourth chamber is located on the same side of the first chamber and the second chamber along the second direction. The first direction, the second direction and the stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs are perpendicular to each other.

7. The energy storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The smoke exhaust chamber is equipped with a baffle, part of which is located between the fourth chamber and the second chamber. The baffle has multiple through holes that connect the fourth chamber and the second chamber.

8. The energy storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The baffle is partially disposed between the fourth chamber and the first chamber. The baffle is provided with a valve body. When the valve body is in the open state, the first chamber is connected to the fourth chamber.

9. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The second chamber has a first corner, and a first guide plate is provided at the first corner. The two opposite ends of the first guide plate are respectively connected to the two side walls forming the first corner.

10. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The third chamber is provided with a second corner, and a second guide plate is provided at the second corner. The two opposite ends of the second guide plate are respectively connected to the two side walls forming the second corner.

11. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The multiple battery packs are stacked, and in the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs, the flues of two adjacent battery packs are connected to form a common flue, which connects the pressure relief valves of the multiple battery packs and the exhaust chamber.

12. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The energy storage system also includes a base, the base having the exhaust chamber, and the multiple battery packs stacked on the base.

13. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The plurality of battery packs are stacked, and the exhaust chamber is located on top of the plurality of battery packs in the stacking direction.

14. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes a power converter for converting direct current (DC) from the plurality of battery packs into alternating current (AC) and supplying it to the power grid or a load; and / or, the power converter for converting alternating current from an external AC power source into DC and supplying it to the plurality of battery packs.

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