A phase angle adjustable seed fertilizer heterotopic precision planting machine and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically disclosing a phase-angle adjustable seed-fertilizer separation precision sowing machine and method. The machine includes a machine frame, a sowing device, a fertilizing device, a furrowing device, and a phase angle adjustment device mounted on the machine frame. The phase angle adjustment device consists of an adjustable wheel and a fixed wheel coaxially arranged, wherein the adjustable wheel is connected to the drive shaft of the fertilizing device, and the fixed wheel is fixed relative to the machine frame. By manually adjusting the circumferential angle of the adjustable wheel relative to the fixed wheel, the initial phase of the fertilizing device's drive shaft can be changed, thereby precisely controlling the timing delay of the fertilizing action relative to the sowing action. This invention precisely controls the timing of fertilization and sowing through the phase angle adjustment device, combined with an adjustable spatial layout, achieving precise separation of seed and fertilizer in both time and space. This design is compact, easy to adjust, and places fertilizer in the root-dominant growth zone, significantly improving utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to a phase angle adjustable seed and fertilizer off-site precision sowing machine and method. Background Technology

[0002] Precision fertilization is a crucial element for efficient production and sustainable development in modern agriculture. Traditional fertilization methods, such as large-area broadcasting or strip application, generally suffer from uneven fertilizer distribution and difficulty in precisely controlling the amount applied, easily leading to localized over- or under-fertilization. Over-fertilization not only wastes fertilizer and increases production costs but also causes environmental problems such as eutrophication of water bodies and soil acidification and compaction due to nutrient loss; while under-fertilization directly affects crop nutrient supply, limiting yield and quality improvement. In addition, in conventional fertilization operations, seeds and fertilizers are placed in relatively fixed positions or mixed, making fertilizer easily fixed by the soil or competed for by weeds, resulting in a low proportion of effective nutrients actually obtained by crop roots, making it difficult to further improve fertilizer utilization.

[0003] Therefore, achieving precise and controllable fertilizer application relative to seeds in both time and space—that is, "targeted fertilization"—to concentrate fertilizer application more effectively to the crop root zone, has become an important technological challenge in the field of agricultural machinery. Existing seed-fertilizer co-application or fixed-position fertilization equipment often lacks flexibility in adjusting the relative timing (time difference) and location (spatial difference) of fertilization and sowing. This makes it difficult to make convenient and precise adjustments based on different crops, soil types, and agronomic requirements, thus limiting its applicability in various production scenarios and further improvement in fertilization precision. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a phase angle adjustable seed and fertilizer placement precision planting machine and method that can flexibly and accurately adjust the phase and position of seed and fertilizer application, so as to significantly improve fertilizer utilization efficiency and sowing quality while reducing fertilizer usage.

[0005] As a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a phase angle adjustable seed and fertilizer in-situ precision sowing planting machine, comprising: a machine frame; a sowing device mounted on the machine frame for performing single-seed precision sowing; a fertilizer application device mounted on the machine frame for performing single-seed precision fertilization; a furrowing device disposed at the front of the machine frame; and a phase angle adjustment device, the phase angle adjustment device comprising an adjustable wheel and a fixed wheel coaxially arranged, the adjustable wheel being fixed relative to the fixed wheel, the fixed wheel being connected to the drive shaft of the fertilizer application device, and the timing of the operation of the fertilizer application device relative to the sowing device being controlled by adjusting the circumferential angle of the adjustable wheel relative to the fixed wheel.

[0006] Optionally, the sowing device includes a seed metering box, a seed metering tray communicating with the seed metering box, an inoculation cup disposed below the seed metering tray, and a sowing baffle disposed below the inoculation cup.

[0007] Optionally, the seed metering tray includes a seed metering housing, inside which a seed metering scoop wheel is coaxially mounted, and the rotating shaft of the seed metering scoop wheel is connected to the drive mechanism of the sowing device; the seed metering housing also has a seed metering partition located below the seed metering scoop wheel, and the seed metering partition has a guide channel; a seed guide wheel is horizontally mounted below the seed metering partition, and the outer circumference of the seed guide wheel has grooves arranged at equal intervals, and the seed guide wheel and the seed metering scoop wheel are linked through a transmission mechanism.

[0008] Optionally, the inoculation cup includes, from top to bottom, an inoculation cup opening, a funnel-shaped guide area, and a cylindrical dispensing area.

[0009] Optionally, the fertilization device includes a fertilizer discharge box, a fertilizer discharge tray communicating with the fertilizer discharge box, a fertilizer receiving cup disposed below the fertilizer discharge tray, and a fertilizer baffle disposed below the fertilizer receiving cup.

[0010] Optionally, the fertilizer discharge disc includes a fertilizer guide shell, and the fertilizer guide shell is provided with a fertilizer discharge wheel, a fertilizer discharge partition, and a fertilizer guide wheel inside. The fertilizer discharge wheel includes a convex circular stirring structure located on the upper part of the fertilizer discharge wheel for forced conveying of fertilizer.

[0011] Optionally, the fertilizer receiving cup includes, from top to bottom, a fertilizer receiving cup opening, a fertilizer guiding area, and a fertilizer dispensing area.

[0012] Optionally, the phase angle adjustment device further includes a sprocket and a hexagonal shaft. The sprocket is connected to the drive mechanism of the seeding device via a chain, and the hexagonal shaft is used to transmit torque and allow the adjustable wheel to be fixed after angle adjustment.

[0013] Optionally, the trenching device includes an arc-shaped trenching blade and a grass-wrapping roller rotatably mounted on the trenching device for cleaning weeds and residual film; the lower part of the arc-shaped trenching blade is provided with a trenching mechanism for shaping and cleaning the trenches.

[0014] Optionally, the machine support includes a sowing leg for mounting the sowing device and a fertilizing leg for mounting the fertilizing device. The relative positions of the sowing leg and the fertilizing leg are adjustable to achieve spatial displacement between the seed furrow and the fertilizer furrow. By adjusting the installation positions of the sowing leg and the fertilizing leg, the horizontal spacing and vertical depth difference between the seed row and the fertilizer row can be adjusted within the range of 6 to 10 cm.

[0015] As a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a phase angle adjustable seed and fertilizer off-site precision sowing method, based on the phase angle adjustable seed and fertilizer off-site precision sowing machine described in the first aspect above, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Preparations before operation: Adjust the sowing depth according to the land conditions and agronomic requirements; S2. Spatial parameter setting: By adjusting the relative positions of the sowing legs and fertilizer legs in the machine support, the horizontal and vertical spacing between the seed row and the fertilizer row can be set. S3. Time parameter setting: By operating the phase angle adjustment device, the angle between the adjustable wheel and the fixed wheel is adjusted to set the phase difference of the fertilizer dispensing disc and the seed dispensing disc, thereby controlling the time difference of each fertilizer grain relative to the corresponding seed falling. S4. Ditching operation: Start the machinery and use the ditching device to dig out parallel planting and fertilizer ditches with a set spacing; S5. Seed and fertilizer precision sowing: The sowing device accurately places a single seed into the bottom of the seed furrow, and the fertilizer application device, under the control of the phase angle adjustment device, accurately places a single fertilizer into the bottom of the fertilizer furrow with a preset time delay. S6. Covering with soil is complete.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S3, the phase angle is adjusted according to the target plant spacing and the machine's forward speed.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S4, the trenching device simultaneously cleans up weeds and residual film on the trenching path and repairs the trenches.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses at least the following beneficial effects: This invention achieves precise timing matching between fertilization and sowing by incorporating a phase angle adjustment device, thereby directly improving the accuracy and controllability of planting operations. Specifically, the device uses coaxially arranged adjustable and fixed wheels to mechanically link the drive shaft of the fertilization device with the drive mechanism of the sowing device. This allows operators to flexibly control the timing delay of fertilization relative to sowing by adjusting the circumferential angle of the adjustable wheel relative to the fixed wheel. This structural design allows for fine-tuning of the descent time of each fertilizer grain according to actual operational needs, ensuring that fertilizer is precisely applied to adjacent fertilizer furrows at the optimal time after the seed falls into the seed furrow, thus achieving a corresponding coordination between seeds and fertilizer in the time dimension. Combined with the pre-drilled, parallel, and adjustable-spaced seed and fertilizer furrows by the furrowing device, and the adjustable spatial layout design of the sowing and fertilization legs on the machine support, this invention further realizes the spatially displaced arrangement of seeds and fertilizer. This precise control over both time and space allows fertilizer to be applied directly to the future dominant growth area of ​​the seed roots, effectively reducing lateral diffusion and soil fixation losses, and significantly improving fertilizer utilization. Simultaneously, the machine's compact structure and intuitive adjustments facilitate rapid adaptation to crop type, soil conditions, and agronomic requirements, enhancing its practicality and applicability, and providing reliable mechanical support for achieving fertilizer-saving, efficiency-enhancing, and precision agriculture. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is an overall assembly structure diagram of the machine tool of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a single unit structure in the machine of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a single unit structure in the machine of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the phase angle adjustment device in the machine of the present invention; Figure 6 The internal structure of the phase angle adjustment device in the machine of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 7 The internal structure of the phase angle adjustment device in the machine of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the inoculation cup in the apparatus of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the seed metering disc in the device of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the fertilizer discharge disc in the machine of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Machine support frame; 11. Seeding leg; 12. Fertilizing leg; 13. Square steel mounting plate; 14. Main frame; 2. Seeding device; 21. Seeding box; 22. Seeding guide tube; 23. Seeding tray; 231. Seeding spoon wheel; 232. Seeding partition; 233. Guide wheel; 234. Seeding shell; 24. Inoculation cup; 241. Inoculation cup mouth; 242. Guide area; 243. Distribution area; 25. Seeding baffle; 3. Fertilizing device; 31. Fertilizer box; 32. Fertilizer box. 33. Conduit; 331. Fertilizer discharge disc; 3311. Fertilizer discharge wheel; 332. Convex round stirring structure; 333. Fertilizer discharge baffle; 334. Fertilizer guide wheel; 35. Fertilizer guide shell; 36. Fertilizer receiving cup; 47. Fertilizer baffle; 48. Trenching device; 49. Arc-shaped trenching knife; 40. Straw winding roller; 41. Trenching mechanism; 52. Phase angle adjustment device; 53. Adjustable wheel; 54. Arc-shaped groove; 55. Fixed wheel; 56. Sprocket; 57. Hexagonal shaft; 58. Fixing plate; 59. Fastening screw. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] Reference Figures 1 to 8 As shown in the figure, this invention provides a phase angle adjustable seed and fertilizer off-site precision planting machine. This machine is mainly used for sowing and fertilizing corn crops, aiming to achieve off-site targeted application of single seeds and single fertilizer particles (especially large granular fertilizers with a particle size ≥7mm and a weight of 2-8g / particle) through precise control in time and space.

[0025] In one specific embodiment, the phase-angle adjustable seed-fertilizer precision planting machine includes a machine frame 1, a sowing device 2, a fertilizing device 3, a furrowing device 4, and a phase angle adjustment device 5. The machine frame 1 forms the supporting skeleton of the entire machine. The sowing device 2 and the fertilizing device 3 are arranged side by side on the machine frame 1, and are used to perform precise single-seed sowing and single-seed fertilization actions, respectively. The furrowing device 4 is located at the front of the machine frame 1 and is used to dig seed furrows and fertilizer furrows in the soil for sowing and fertilization, respectively. The phase angle adjustment device 5 is used to precisely and adjustablely control the timing of the action of the fertilizing device 3 relative to the sowing device 2, i.e., the phase angle, so as to achieve precise temporal and spatial correspondence and off-site application of one seed and one fertilizer, so as to achieve the purpose of targeted fertilization in the root zone and improve fertilizer utilization.

[0026] In this embodiment, the implement support 1 provides a stable and relatively adjustable mounting base for the sowing, fertilizing, ditching, and adjustment functional modules. The implement support 1 includes sowing legs 11, fertilizing legs 12, square steel mounting plate 13, and a main frame 14.

[0027] Based on the above embodiments, the sowing leg 11 and the fertilizing leg 12 are two parallel rigid support legs. The front end of the sowing leg 11 is connected to the furrowing device 4, and its rear end is connected to the sowing device 2. The front end of the fertilizing leg 12 is also connected to the furrowing device 4, and its rear end is connected to the fertilizing device 3.

[0028] The square steel mounting plate 13 serves as a key connecting component, with its two ends fixedly connected to the sowing leg 11 and the fertilizing leg 12, preferably by welding. Simultaneously, the square steel mounting plate 13 is also fixedly connected to the frame 14, preferably by welding.

[0029] The frame 14 serves as the traction and main load-bearing frame of the entire machine. By adjusting the installation positions of the sowing legs 11 and fertilizing legs 12 on the frame 14, the spacing between the seed rows and fertilizer rows in the horizontal and vertical directions can be adjusted, with a preferred adjustment range of 6-10 cm to adapt to the agronomic requirements of different crops.

[0030] Based on the above embodiments, the sowing device 2 further includes a seed metering box 21, a seed metering guide tube 22, a seed metering tray 23, an inoculation cup 24, and a sowing baffle 25. The seed metering box 21 is used to store crop seeds to be sown. The bottom outlet of the seed metering box 21 is connected to the inlet of the seed metering tray 23 through the seed metering guide tube 22.

[0031] like Figure 9As shown, the seed metering tray 23 mainly includes a seed metering scoop wheel 231, a seed metering partition 232, a seed guide wheel 233, and a seed metering housing 234. The seed metering housing 234 constitutes the external structure of the tray body, with a seed inlet at the top communicating with the seed metering guide tube 22 and a seed outlet at the bottom. The seed metering scoop wheel 231 is coaxially mounted inside the seed metering housing 234 at the top, and its rotating shaft is connected to the drive mechanism of the sowing device 2, rotating under power to deliver seeds one by one and orderly through the seed metering partition 232 to the seed guide wheel 233. The seed metering partition 232 is fixedly installed inside the seed metering housing 234, located below the side of the seed metering scoop wheel 231, and has a guide channel on it. The seed guide wheel 233 is horizontally mounted below the seed metering partition 232, and has equally spaced grooves on its outer circumference (each groove accommodates one seed), and the seed guide wheel 233 is linked to the seed metering scoop wheel 231 through a transmission mechanism.

[0032] When the seed metering wheel 231 rotates, it feeds the seeds into the guide channel of the seed metering partition 232. Guided by the guide channel, the seeds fall in an orderly manner and enter the corresponding groove of the seed guide wheel 233. As the seed guide wheel 233 rotates, the groove carrying the seeds rotates to the seed outlet position at the bottom of the seed metering tray 23. Under the action of gravity, the seeds leave the groove and fall into the inoculation cup 24 directly below.

[0033] The inoculation cup 24 is fixedly connected below the seed outlet of the seed metering tray 23. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the inoculation cup 24 includes, from top to bottom, an inoculation cup opening 241, a guide area 242, and a dispensing area 243. The inoculation cup opening 241 is used to receive single seeds falling from the seed guide wheel 233; the guide area 242 is a gradually narrowing funnel-shaped channel that centers and guides the falling seeds; the dispensing area 243 is cylindrical and guides the seeds vertically into the seed furrow.

[0034] The sowing baffle 25 is hinged or elastically connected to the bottom outer side of the inoculation cup 24. Its function is to temporarily push away the soil on the sidewalls of the furrow as the seed falls through the placement area 243 to the bottom of the furrow, creating a clear landing space for the seed without soil interference, thus ensuring the accuracy of sowing depth and plant spacing. After the sowing action is completed, the sowing baffle 25 retracts under the action of soil resistance or a reset mechanism.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the seed metering scoop wheel 231 inside the seed metering tray 23 is a winch type, which can effectively prevent seeds from being suspended in the box and ensure the continuity and uniformity of seed metering.

[0036] Based on the above embodiments, the fertilization device 3 further includes a fertilizer discharge box 31, a fertilizer discharge conduit 32, a fertilizer discharge tray 33, a fertilizer receiving cup 34, and a fertilizer application baffle 35. The fertilizer discharge box 31 is used to store specially made large-particle fertilizer. The bottom outlet of the fertilizer discharge box 31 is connected to the inlet of the fertilizer discharge tray 33 via the fertilizer discharge conduit 32. like Figure 10 As shown, the fertilizer discharge plate 33 includes a fertilizer guide shell 334 and a fertilizer discharge wheel 331, a fertilizer discharge partition 332, and a fertilizer guide wheel 333 located inside the fertilizer guide shell 334.

[0037] The fertilizer guide shell 334 is the main outer shell of the fertilizer discharge plate 33. It forms a space to hold fertilizer inside. The top is provided with an inlet that communicates with the fertilizer discharge conduit 32, and the bottom is provided with an outlet.

[0038] The fertilizer discharge wheel 331 is horizontally installed above the fertilizer guide housing 334, and its rotating shaft is connected to the drive shaft of the fertilizer application device 3. Its rotation sequence is controlled by the phase angle adjustment device 5. The upper part of the fertilizer discharge wheel 331 is provided with multiple convex circular stirring structures 3311 along the circumference, which are used to disperse fertilizer and prevent clogging during rotation.

[0039] The fertilizer discharge baffle 332 is fixed inside the fertilizer guide housing 334 and located below the fertilizer discharge wheel 331. Its surface is provided with a guide groove or guide hole to guide the fertilizer delivered by the fertilizer discharge wheel 331 to the fertilizer guide wheel 333.

[0040] The fertilizer guide wheel 333 is horizontally installed below the fertilizer discharge baffle 332, and its outer circumference is provided with equally spaced grooves (each groove can hold one granule of fertilizer). The fertilizer guide wheel 333 and the fertilizer discharge wheel 331 are linked by a transmission mechanism (such as gears or chains) to ensure that the rotation of the two is synchronized.

[0041] The fertilizer receiving cup 34 is located at the lower outlet of the fertilizer discharge tray 33. The fertilizer receiving cup 34 includes a receiving cup opening, a fertilizer guiding area, and a fertilizer dispensing area. The receiving cup opening is used to receive single fertilizer particles from the fertilizer discharge tray 33, and the fertilizer guiding area guides the single fertilizer particles to fall through the fertilizer dispensing area to dispose of the fertilizer into the fertilizer ditch.

[0042] When the fertilizer discharge wheel 331 rotates, the convex stirring structure 3311 continuously loosens the fertilizer. Under the action of gravity and stirring, the fertilizer passes through the fertilizer discharge baffle 332 and enters the groove of the fertilizer guide wheel 333. Each groove of the fertilizer guide wheel 333 can only hold one grain of fertilizer. When it rotates to the corresponding position of the discharge port, the fertilizer falls into the fertilizer receiving cup 34 below, completing the precise delivery of a single grain of fertilizer.

[0043] The fertilizer baffle 35 is located below the fertilizer receiving cup 34. Its function is similar to that of the sowing baffle 25, which is used to isolate the soil at the moment of fertilization to ensure that the fertilizer particles can fall accurately into the bottom of the pre-opened fertilizer trench.

[0044] Based on the above embodiments, the trenching device 4 further includes an arc-shaped trenching blade 41 and a grass-wrapping roller 42. The front end of the arc-shaped trenching blade 41 is designed with a sharp cutting edge for efficiently breaking up the soil. A trenching mechanism 43 is also integrated or connected to the lower part of the arc-shaped trenching blade 41. The trenching mechanism 43 is used to shape and clean the trench initially opened by the arc-shaped trenching blade 41, making its cross-sectional shape more regular and the bottom of the trench flatter, thereby providing good conditions for the precise application of seeds and fertilizers. The grass-wrapping roller 42 is rotatably mounted at the front or side of the trenching device 4. During the movement of the implement, it can wrap up and clear the stubble and weeds on the ground from the working area, effectively preventing weeds and debris from entering the trench and reducing their competition for seed germination and fertilizer absorption.

[0045] In one specific embodiment, the grooving mechanism 43 can be a scraper or forming plate fixed to the rear of the arc-shaped grooving cutter 41, the outline of which matches the desired groove shape.

[0046] Based on the above embodiments, the phase angle adjustment device 5 is further a core component for achieving precise control of the seed and fertilizer timing. For example... Figures 5 to 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the phase angle adjustment device 5 includes an adjustable wheel 51, a fixed wheel 52, a sprocket 53, a hexagonal shaft 54, a fixing plate 55, and a fixing screw 56.

[0047] The adjustable wheel 51 has multiple positioning adjustment structures on its circumferential surface, specifically three arc-shaped grooves 511 spaced 60° apart. The fixed wheel 52 has multiple circular holes on its circumferential surface and is fixed relative to the machine support 1. The adjustable wheel 51 and the fixed wheel 52 are fixedly connected together by fixing screws 56. The adjustable wheel 51 can rotate relative to the fixed wheel 52, with a maximum adjustment angle of 60°. The sprocket 53 is connected to the drive mechanism of the sowing device 2 via a chain, thereby transmitting the timing reference of the sowing action to the phase angle adjustment device 5. The hexagonal shaft 54 ​​is used to transmit torque and allows the adjustable wheel 51 to be fixed after angle adjustment. The fixing plate 55 is used to securely mount the entire phase angle adjustment device 5 onto the machine support 1.

[0048] The phase angle adjustment device 5 in the above embodiment includes an adjustable wheel 51, a fixed wheel 52, a sprocket 53, a hexagonal shaft 54, a fixing plate 55, and a fixing screw 56. The adjustable wheel 51 is connected to the drive shaft of the fertilizer discharge disc 33, and has multiple arc-shaped grooves 511 for positioning in its circumference. The fixed wheel 52 is fixed relative to the frame. By manually rotating the adjustable wheel 51, the relative circumferential angle between it and the fixed wheel 52 is changed. This angle change is transmitted through the chain drive system of the sprocket 53, and is ultimately converted into a delay or advance in the time when the fertilizer discharge wheel 331 in the fertilizer discharge disc 33 starts to push fertilizer. This design realizes intuitive and mechanical adjustment of the phase angle, with a maximum adjustment range of, for example, 60°. This allows for precise control of the time interval between each fertilizer grain falling and the corresponding seed, based on parameters such as the machine's forward speed and target plant spacing, ensuring the accuracy of the spatiotemporal correspondence.

[0049] In this embodiment, phase adjustment (time displacement) is achieved through phase angle adjustment device 5 to ensure that fertilizer particles fall into fertilizer trench after an optimal time delay after the seeds fall into the seed trench. This delay takes into account factors such as the movement of machinery and the dynamics of soil backfilling, aiming to make the fertilizer and seeds form the best configuration in the root development space.

[0050] This embodiment also achieves positional adjustment (spatial displacement) by independently adjusting the sowing legs 11 and fertilizing legs 12 in the machine bracket 1 in both the horizontal (left-right spacing) and vertical (up-down depth) directions. The horizontal spacing ensures that the fertilizer row is parallel to the seed row and maintains a certain distance (e.g., 6-10cm); the vertical depth difference ensures that the fertilizer is located below and to the side of the seed, which is more conducive to the roots reaching down to find the fertilizer, forming a "root-encapsulated fertilizer" effect. This dual adjustment of "time + space" allows the fertilizer to be accurately delivered to the future dominant growth area of ​​the seed roots, greatly reducing the lateral diffusion and fixation loss of fertilizer in the soil, and realizing true root zone targeted fertilization.

[0051] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: During operation, the relative angle between the adjustable wheel 51 and the fixed wheel 52 can be changed by manually rotating the adjustable wheel 51 or with the aid of auxiliary tools, thereby adjusting the phase difference between them. This change in phase difference is transmitted to the fertilizer applicator 33 through the chain drive system, ultimately adjusting the starting point for the fertilizer applicator wheel 331 inside the fertilizer applicator 33 to begin pushing fertilizer, so that the moment each fertilizer grain falls can be precisely delayed or advanced relative to the moment the corresponding seed falls. Through this phase adjustment, the time difference between fertilization and sowing can be flexibly controlled, achieving precise staggered coordination between the two in time.

[0052] Meanwhile, the installation positions of the inoculation cup 24 of the sowing device 2 and the fertilizer receiving cup 34 of the fertilization device 3 on the machine support 1 are independently adjustable. By adjusting the relative installation positions of the sowing leg 11 and the fertilizer leg 12, the row spacing and depth difference between seeds and fertilizer can be set in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, generally 6-10 cm. In this way, the seeds and fertilizer can also form a preset offset in spatial position.

[0053] By combining temporal and spatial adjustments, each seed and its corresponding fertilizer granule are positioned in the most favorable location for root growth upon landing, maintaining a specific temporal sequence. This precise dual control of "time + space" ensures that the fertilizer is applied to the seed's root zone, promoting root growth towards the fertilizer and forming an ideal "root-fertilizer-encapsulated" structure. This significantly improves fertilizer utilization, reduces nutrient loss, and achieves true root-zone targeted fertilization.

[0054] This invention also provides a phase-angle adjustable seed-fertilizer off-site precision sowing method, based on the phase-angle adjustable seed-fertilizer off-site precision sowing machine described in the above embodiments. The sowing method includes the following steps: S1. Preparation before operation: Select a plot of land that is flat, has deep soil, strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, and is suitable for mechanized operation. Adjust the sowing depth of the sowing device 2 in advance according to the soil moisture and the agronomic requirements of the target crop. It is usually 3-5cm. If the soil moisture is poor, it can be appropriately deepened to 8-10cm.

[0055] S2. Spatial parameter setting: By adjusting the relative installation positions of the sowing leg 11 and the fertilizing leg 12 in the machine support 1, the horizontal and vertical spacing between the seed row and the fertilizer row are set. The adjustable range of both is preferably between 6 and 10 cm to ensure that the fertilizer is applied to the root growth advantage area below the seed.

[0056] S3. Time parameter setting: Based on the target plant spacing, the machine's forward speed and agronomic requirements, the phase angle adjustment device 5 is used to set the phase difference between the fertilizer dispensing disc 33 and the seed dispensing disc 23, thereby precisely controlling the time difference between each fertilizer grain and the corresponding seed falling, achieving precise timing matching.

[0057] S4. Ditching operation: Start the machine and move forward. The arc-shaped ditching blade 41 of the ditching device 4 breaks the soil and opens the ditch as it moves forward. At the same time, the ditch repair mechanism 43 at the bottom of the device repairs the ditch wall and the bottom of the ditch to form a regular and flat planting ditch and a fertilizer ditch that is parallel to it and spaced a certain distance apart. The grass-wrapping roller 42 simultaneously cleans up the weeds and residual film on the ditching path.

[0058] S5. Precision seeding and fertilization in different locations: The seeding device 2 precisely places a single seed into the bottom of the seed furrow according to the set plant spacing and depth. Under the control of the phase angle adjustment device 5, the fertilization device 3 precisely places a single large-particle fertilizer into the bottom of the adjacent fertilizer furrow with a preset time delay.

[0059] S6. Soil Covering Completed: The seeds and fertilizer are covered by the backfilled soil behind the machine, completing the "one seed, one fertilizer" off-site targeted precision seeding operation.

[0060] This method achieves precise matching of fertilization and sowing in the time series through phase angle adjustment and targeted fertilization of the root zone through spatial location adjustment. The dual effects significantly improve fertilizer utilization, reduce nutrient loss and non-point source pollution, and promote crop root growth towards fertilizer.

[0061] This invention provides a phase-angle adjustable seed-fertilizer off-site precision sowing machine and method. By adjusting the fertilization time interval through a phase angle adjustment device, it achieves staggered coordination of fertilization and sowing in time and space, realizing the purpose of targeted fertilization and precision sowing. The operating efficiency is more than 30% higher than that of split-type equipment. This method can improve the utilization rate of ultra-large granular fertilizer by 15% to 20%, and improve the efficiency by 10% to 12% compared with traditional strip application. It is beneficial to maintain the soil pH balance and reduce the pollution of land and environment caused by improper fertilizer use. At the same time, it can accurately fertilize according to the needs of crops, achieving one-time fertilization without topdressing, reducing nutrient loss. In addition, it can promote crop growth and development, facilitate the control of sowing depth and seed distribution, improve the emergence rate and seedling uniformity, and enhance the crop's stress resistance. Tables 1 and 2 show the experimental data of the phase-angle adjustable seed-fertilizer off-site precision sowing machine.

[0062] Table 1. Data from the Sowing and Fertilization Trench Experiment Table 2 Experimental Results In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0063] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phase angle adjustable fertilizer heterotopic precision drilling planter, characterized in that, include: Equipment support (1); The sowing device (2) is installed on the machine support (1); Fertilizer applicator (3) is installed on the machine support (1); The trenching device (4) is located at the front of the tool support (1); The phase angle adjustment device (5) includes an adjustable wheel (51) and a fixed wheel (52) arranged coaxially. The adjustable wheel (51) is fixed relative to the fixed wheel (52). The fixed wheel (52) is connected to the drive shaft of the fertilizer application device (3). By adjusting the circumferential angle of the adjustable wheel (51) relative to the fixed wheel (52), the timing of the operation of the fertilizer application device (3) relative to the sowing device (2) is controlled.

2. The phase angle adjustable fertilizer off-site precision seed planting machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sowing device (2) includes a seed metering box (21), a seed metering tray (23) connected to the seed metering box (21), an inoculation cup (24) disposed below the seed metering tray (23), and a sowing baffle (25) disposed below the inoculation cup (24).

3. The phase angle adjustable fertilizer off-site precision seed planting machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The seed metering disc (23) includes a seed metering housing (234), inside which a seed metering spoon wheel (231) is coaxially mounted. The rotating shaft of the seed metering spoon wheel (231) is connected to the drive mechanism of the seeding device (2). Inside the seed metering housing (234), there is also a seed metering partition (232) located below the seed metering spoon wheel (231). The seed metering partition (232) has a guide channel. Below the seed metering partition (232), a seed guide wheel (233) is horizontally mounted. The outer periphery of the seed guide wheel (233) has grooves arranged at equal intervals. The seed guide wheel (233) and the seed metering spoon wheel (231) are linked through a transmission mechanism.

4. The phase angle adjustable fertilizer off-site precision seed planting machine of claim 3, wherein, The inoculation cup (24) includes, from top to bottom, an inoculation cup opening (241), a funnel-shaped guide area (242), and a cylindrical dispensing area (243).

5. The phase angle adjustable fertilizer off-site precision seed planting machine of claim 1, wherein, The fertilization device (3) includes a fertilizer discharge box (31), a fertilizer discharge tray (33) connected to the fertilizer discharge box (31), a fertilizer receiving cup (34) located below the fertilizer discharge tray (33), and a fertilizer baffle (35) located below the fertilizer receiving cup (34).

6. The phase angle adjustable fertilizer off-site precision seed planting machine of claim 5, wherein, The fertilizer discharge disc (33) includes a fertilizer guide shell (334), inside which are provided a fertilizer discharge wheel (331), a fertilizer discharge partition (332), and a fertilizer guide wheel (333). The fertilizer discharge wheel (331) includes a convex circular stirring structure (3311) located on the upper part of the fertilizer discharge wheel (331) for forced delivery of fertilizer.

7. The phase angle adjustable fertilizer off-site precision seed planting machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase angle adjustment device (5) further includes a sprocket (53) and a hexagonal shaft (54). The sprocket (53) is connected to the drive mechanism of the seeding device (2) via a chain. The hexagonal shaft (54) is used to transmit torque and allow the adjustable wheel (51) to be fixed after angle adjustment.

8. The phase angle adjustable seed and fertilizer off-site precision planting machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The trenching device (4) includes an arc-shaped trenching blade (41) and a grass-wrapping roller (42) rotatably mounted on the trenching device (4) for cleaning weed residue; the lower part of the arc-shaped trenching blade (41) is provided with a trenching mechanism (43) for shaping and cleaning the trenches.

9. The phase angle adjustable seed and fertilizer off-site precision sowing planting machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, The machine support (1) includes a sowing leg (11) for installing the sowing device (2) and a fertilizing leg (12) for installing the fertilizing device (3). The relative positions of the sowing leg (11) and the fertilizing leg (12) are adjustable to achieve the spatial displacement of the seed furrow and the fertilizer furrow.

10. A phase-angle adjustable seed and fertilizer off-site precision sowing method, based on the phase-angle adjustable seed and fertilizer off-site precision sowing machine according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Preparations before operation: Adjust the sowing depth according to the land conditions and agronomic requirements; S2. Spatial parameter setting: By adjusting the relative positions of the sowing leg (11) and the fertilizer leg (12) in the machine support (1), the horizontal and vertical spacing between the seed row and the fertilizer row are set. S3. Time parameter setting: By operating the phase angle adjustment device (5), the angle of the adjustable wheel (51) relative to the fixed wheel (52) is adjusted to set the phase difference of the action of the fertilizer discharge plate (33) relative to the seed discharge plate (23), thereby controlling the time difference of each fertilizer grain relative to the corresponding seed falling. S4. Ditching operation: Start the machinery and use the ditching device (4) to open seed ditch and fertilizer ditch that are parallel to each other and have a set spacing; S5, Seed and fertilizer in different locations: The seeding device (2) accurately puts a single seed into the bottom of the seed furrow, and the fertilizer application device (3), under the control of the phase angle adjustment device (5), accurately puts a single fertilizer into the bottom of the fertilizer furrow with a preset time delay. S6. Covering with soil is complete.

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