Buried pipe liftable test device under wave-current action and automatic monitoring method for scour topography around pipe

Abstract

This invention provides a liftable test device for buried pipes under wave-current action and an automated monitoring method for pipe scour topography, belonging to the field of marine engineering and coastal engineering technology. It includes a base, a wave-current-induced buried pipe buoyancy test device, a 3D laser topography scanner, a test pipe, a water channel slide rail module, a transverse slide rail module, a longitudinal slide rail module, and a hand-cranked slide rail module. The wave-current-induced buried pipe buoyancy test device is mounted on the base, and the test pipe is located at the bottom of the device. The water channel slide rail modules are respectively located on both sides of the base, and the transverse slide rail module is located above the two water channel slide rail modules. A slide rail module motor is located on one side of the transverse slide rail module. The longitudinal slide rail module is vertically mounted on the transverse slide rail module. The 3D laser topography scanner is connected to the longitudinal slide rail module via a vertical mounting frame, and the vertical mounting frame is hand-cranked to the slide rail module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of marine engineering and coastal engineering technology, and in particular to a liftable test device for buried pipes under wave-current action and an automated monitoring method for scour topography around the pipe. Background Technology

[0002] Submarine pipelines are critical energy transmission facilities, and their seabed conditions directly affect transportation safety. In submarine pipeline design, localized scour is a core issue threatening pipeline stability. Domestic and international scholars have long studied the buoyancy mechanism and bottom scour characteristics of buried pipelines under wave-current action through small-scale numerical simulations and physical experiments, involving key parameters such as scour initiation (piping), development time, and equilibrium depth. Among these, indoor physical model tests are an important means of studying buried pipe buoyancy and localized scour. Accurate and convenient monitoring of the hydrodynamic environment and scour process within the tank is crucial for experimental research. However, existing wave-current-induced buried pipe buoyancy test devices typically use steel frames to fix both ends of the pipeline and bury the frames in the sand bed, making it impossible for the model pipeline to move during the test. This fixing method severely hinders the acquisition of topographic data for the pipe's periphery and bottom area. Currently, when relying on 3D laser topographic scanners for topographic measurement, the fixed pipeline itself obscures the bottom area, making it impossible to directly scan and obtain the scour depth. Measuring the bottom scour depth requires draining the water and dismantling the model pipeline, a process that is not only cumbersome and time-consuming but also easily disturbs and damages the existing scour topography.

[0003] Furthermore, the simulated pipeline scouring conditions in the laboratory are complex and varied, requiring the model pipeline fixing device to be flexible and adaptable to various terrain and wave flow conditions. Existing fixing methods are singular and immovable, and when changing test conditions, it is necessary to repeatedly excavate the sand bed to remove or bury the fixing frame, which is inefficient. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a movable pipeline fixing device and a semi-automated terrain monitoring method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a liftable test device for buried pipes under wave-flow action and an automated monitoring method for scour terrain around the pipe, solving the technical problems mentioned in the background art. This invention solves the technical problems of the inability to directly obtain the terrain data at the bottom of the pipe due to pipe fixation, low efficiency of working condition switching, and repeated excavation damaging the sand bed structure, realizing controllable displacement of the model pipe during the test, rapid adaptation to multiple working conditions, and non-destructive measurement of scour terrain.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A wave-current-induced buried pipe lifting test device includes a base, a wave-current-induced buried pipe buoyancy test device, a 3D laser terrain scanner, a test pipe, a water channel slide rail module, a transverse slide rail module, a longitudinal slide rail module, and a hand crank for the slide rail module. The wave-current-induced buried pipe buoyancy test device is mounted on the base, and the test pipe is located at the bottom of the wave-current-induced buried pipe buoyancy test device. The water channel slide rail modules are respectively located on both sides of the base, and the transverse slide rail module is located above the two water channel slide rail modules. A slide rail module motor is provided on one side of the transverse slide rail module. The longitudinal slide rail module is vertically mounted on the transverse slide rail module. The 3D laser terrain scanner is connected to the longitudinal slide rail module via a vertical mounting frame. The vertical mounting frame is connected to the slide rail module by hand crank, and the 3D laser terrain scanner is moved up and down by hand cranking the slide rail module.

[0006] Furthermore, the base is configured as a rectangular aluminum base, which spans across both sides of the outer water tank. Several base aluminum blocks are respectively arranged on the bottom two sides of the base, and the base aluminum blocks are nested on the top tracks on both sides of the outer water tank.

[0007] Furthermore, the wave-induced buried pipe floating process test device includes a support frame, a roller fixing frame, and a pipe connecting frame. The bottom two sides of the support frame are respectively connected to the two sides of the base by support frame fixing steel plates. A lifting mechanism is provided on the top of the support frame. The roller fixing frame is located inside the support frame, and the upper end of the roller fixing frame is connected to the top of the support frame. The pipe connecting frame is located inside the roller fixing frame, and the top of the pipe connecting frame is connected to the lifting mechanism. The test pipe is located at the bottom of the test pipe connecting frame.

[0008] Furthermore, the support frame includes four supporting vertical rods, four supporting top rods, four supporting horizontal rods, and two supporting lower rods. The upper end of the two supporting vertical rods is connected to a supporting horizontal rod, and the lower end of the two supporting vertical rods is connected to a supporting horizontal rod. An aluminum profile angle bracket is provided at the connection between the lower end of the supporting vertical rod and the supporting horizontal rod. The four supporting top rods are respectively connected between the two supporting horizontal rods at the top, and the two supporting lower rods are respectively connected to the lower part between the two supporting vertical rods, and the supporting lower rods are arranged parallel to the supporting top rods.

[0009] Furthermore, the roller fixing frame includes four fixed horizontal bars and four fixed vertical bars. The upper ends of the four fixed vertical bars are respectively connected to the top of the support frame. The middle and lower ends between two fixed vertical bars are connected to the fixed horizontal bars. Two rollers are provided on the inner side of the fixed horizontal bars.

[0010] Furthermore, the roller is mounted on the fixed crossbar via a roller mounting plate. The roller includes a roller shaft, a roller body, and a roller cover. The roller body is sleeved on the roller shaft via a deep groove ball bearing mounted on its inner ring. The roller cover is connected to the end of the roller shaft via an external hexagonal screw and a spring washer.

[0011] Furthermore, the pipe connection frame includes two connecting vertical rods and two connecting horizontal rods. The upper ends of the two connecting vertical rods are respectively provided with springs, one end of the springs is connected to the lifting mechanism, the upper ends between the two connecting vertical rods are connected to a connecting horizontal rod, the upper parts of the two connecting vertical rods are respectively disposed between two rollers, the middle part between the two connecting vertical rods is connected to another connecting horizontal rod, and the lower ends between the two connecting vertical rods are connected to the test pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism includes a lifting motor, a lifting screw, and a motor fixing steel plate. The motor fixing steel plate is connected to the middle of the top of the support frame. Stabilizing steel plates are respectively provided on both sides of the motor fixing steel plate. The lifting motor is connected to the motor fixing steel plate. The output end of the lifting motor is connected to the vertically arranged lifting screw. The lower end of the lifting screw is connected to a lifting plate. Guide columns are respectively provided at the four corners of the lifting plate. One end of the guide column is slidably connected to the stabilizing steel plate.

[0013] This invention provides a universal, efficient, and accurate testing apparatus: 1. The structure is stable and highly versatile. The main body of the device is constructed with aluminum alloy profiles and connected by screws and corner brackets. The structure is stable, easy to disassemble, and can be adapted to laboratory water tanks of various sizes.

[0014] 2. The test pipeline is positioned precisely and controllably. The lifting motor drives the lifting screw, which, together with multiple guide columns and roller groups, enables precise, stable and repeatable control of the height position of the test pipeline.

[0015] 3. Highly efficient and accurate topographic surveying: The integrated automated two-dimensional sliding rail platform and three-dimensional laser scanner can quickly and non-contactly acquire large-area, high-precision topographic data around the pipe, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of test data acquisition.

[0016] 4. The test process is automated. Through centralized control of the motor and slide rail module, the automatic connection between the lifting and lowering of the test pipeline and the terrain scanning can be realized, reducing human intervention and improving the standardization and reliability of the test process.

[0017] An automated monitoring method for the scour terrain around a buried pipe under wave-flow action with a liftable test device includes the following steps: Step 1: Device Setup and Initialization Install the entire test apparatus in the predetermined position in the laboratory water tank and fix it in place. Connect and debug all motors and slide rail modules on the entire test apparatus. Lower the test pipeline to the initial burial depth required for the test through the lifting mechanism and record the initial position coordinates of the lifting motor. Adjust the installation height of the three-dimensional laser terrain scanner, determine its optimal working height through pre-scanning, and lock it. Step Two: Positioning and Lifting Control of the Test Pipeline Before each test cycle begins, the lifting motor is controlled to precisely move the test pipe to the preset initial position. After the simulated wave and water flow phase ends, the lifting motor is controlled to vertically raise the test pipe to a predetermined height. This height setting must ensure that the bottom of the test pipe is completely out of the scanning area and provides an unobstructed scanning field of view for the 3D laser terrain scanner, so as to obtain complete terrain data below and around the test pipe. Step 3: Perimeter Terrain Scanning and Data Acquisition The slide rail module is activated, controlling the slide rail module equipped with a 3D laser terrain scanner to move according to a preset program. The typical movement mode is as follows: the horizontal slide rail module and the vertical slide rail module work together to drive the 3D laser terrain scanner to scan the target area line by line at a constant speed. The scanning process starts and stops synchronously with the slide rail movement to ensure complete coverage of the scanned area and data continuity. The high-density point cloud data obtained by scanning is the 3D digital model of the terrain around the pipe at the current moment. Through subsequent processing, the depth and shape of the scour pit can be accurately quantified.

[0018] The present invention, by adopting the above-described technical solution, has the following beneficial effects: 1. The test device of the present invention is equipped with a lifting mechanism, which drives the lifting screw through a lifting motor and enables the lifting plate to perform precise vertical lifting and lowering movements through four guide columns. By setting rollers on the roller fixing frame to clamp and limit the pipe connecting frame, the displacement of the pipe connecting frame is strictly limited during the lifting process, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the vertical movement of the test pipe.

[0019] 2. The test device of the present invention controls the slide rail module to move at a constant speed left and right by setting a motor to meet the scanning of the terrain by the three-dimensional laser terrain scanner. The vertical mounting frame can be finely adjusted by manually cranking the slide rail module to optimize the scanning range and accuracy of the three-dimensional laser terrain scanner.

[0020] 3. The test device of the present invention has a stable structure and strong versatility. It is easy to disassemble and can be adapted to laboratory water tanks of various sizes. Through the sliding rail module and the three-dimensional laser scanner, it can quickly and non-contactly acquire large-area, high-precision pipe perimeter topographic data, which significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of test data acquisition. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buried pipe lifting test device under wave-water flow action of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the wave-water flow-induced lifting test device for buried pipes according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental device for the wave-current induced buoyancy process of the buried pipe of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the roller of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the monitoring method of the present invention.

[0022] In the attached diagram, 1-base, 2-test device for wave-induced buried pipe floating process, 21-roller, 2101-roller mounting plate, 22-support frame, 23-roller fixing frame, 24-test pipe connection frame, 25-lifting mechanism, 201-supporting vertical rod, 202-supporting top rod, 203-supporting horizontal rod, 204-supporting lower rod, 205-support frame fixing steel plate, 206-lifting motor, 207-lifting screw, 208-motor fixing steel plate, 20... 9-Stabilizing steel plate, 210-Guide column, 211-Lifting plate, 212-Spring, 213-Aluminum profile angle bracket, 214-Fixed crossbar, 215-Fixed vertical bar, 216-Connecting vertical bar, 217-Connecting crossbar, 3-3D laser terrain scanner, 4-Test pipe, 5-Water tank slide rail module, 6-Transverse slide rail module, 7-Vertical slide rail module, 8-Slide rail module hand crank, 9-Slide rail module motor, 10-Base aluminum block, 11-Vertical mounting bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. However, it should be noted that many details listed in the specification are merely to provide the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, and these aspects of the invention can be implemented even without these specific details.

[0024] like Figure 1-2As shown, the wave-current-induced buried pipe lifting test device includes a base 1, a wave-current-induced buried pipe buoyancy test device 2, a 3D laser terrain scanner 3, a test pipe 4, a water-channel slide rail module 5, a transverse slide rail module 6, a longitudinal slide rail module 7, and a slide rail module hand crank 8. The wave-current-induced buried pipe buoyancy test device 2 is mounted on the base 1, which spans both sides of the laboratory water tank and is used to fix the slide rail module and the buried pipe buoyancy test device. The test pipe 4 is located at the bottom of the wave-current-induced buried pipe buoyancy test device 2 and is used as a model pipe for hydrodynamic testing. The water-channel slide rail modules 5 are respectively located on both sides of the base 1, distributed on both sides of the water tank, and their forward and backward movement is controlled by a slide rail module motor. The transverse slide rail module 6 is located above the two water-channel slide rail modules 5 and is mounted on the water-channel slide rail module. The slide rail module spans the water tank above and is controlled by a motor to move left and right at a constant speed, satisfying the scanning of the terrain by the 3D laser terrain scanner. A slide rail module motor 9 is provided on one side of the horizontal slide rail module 6, which enables the slide rail module to move at a constant speed. The vertical slide rail module 7 is vertically mounted on the horizontal slide rail module 6. The 3D laser terrain scanner 3 is connected to the vertical slide rail module 7 through a vertical mounting bracket 11. The vertical slide rail module is mainly used to stably connect the 3D laser scanner, so that the scanner faces downward. The vertical mounting bracket 11 is connected to the slide rail module hand crank 8, which controls the up and down movement of the 3D laser terrain scanner 3. The 3D laser terrain scanner 3 is fixed to the bottom of the vertical slide rail module and its position can be manually adjusted at the height of the slide rail to control the terrain scanner. Its function is to acquire the scanned terrain. The test device of this invention is located above the water tank and the test pipe is controllably moved by a lifting motor, which significantly improves the adaptability to various test conditions. At the same time, a three-dimensional laser terrain scanner is integrated into the longitudinal slide rail module and moved along the slide rail by the slide rail module motor to achieve efficient and non-contact scanning of the water tank terrain. This device greatly shortens the time required for terrain scanning, significantly improves test efficiency, and ensures the accuracy of terrain data (including the area around the pipe and the bottom area after the pipe is removed) in various test scenarios.

[0025] In an embodiment of the invention, the terrain scanning system includes a two-dimensional moving slide rail platform and a three-dimensional laser scanner. A slide rail module is installed on each side of a rectangular aluminum base along the water trough. Above these two slide rail modules, a horizontal slide rail module that can move along it is mounted, spanning across the water trough. The three-dimensional laser scanner is fixed to a vertical slide rail module via an adjustable-height vertical mounting bracket. This vertical slide rail module is then vertically mounted to the horizontal slide rail module with screws, forming a cross-shaped intersecting structure. The vertical mounting bracket of the three-dimensional laser scanner can be finely adjusted in height via an adjustable rocker arm at its top to optimize the scanning range and accuracy, and then locked after adjustment. The movement of the entire scanning system is coordinated and controlled by the slide rail control system, enabling uniform horizontal and vertical movement, thereby driving the three-dimensional laser scanner to perform a full-coverage scan of the bottom of the water trough, especially the area below the pipes.

[0026] In an embodiment of the present invention, the base 1 is a rectangular aluminum base spanning both sides of the outer water tank. Several base aluminum blocks 10 are respectively arranged on both sides of the bottom of the base 1, and the base aluminum blocks 10 are nested on the top tracks on both sides of the outer water tank. The rectangular aluminum base, through its six base aluminum blocks at its bottom (three blocks evenly distributed on each side of the long side), is nested and slidably connected to the top tracks on both sides of the laboratory water tank. This allows the rectangular aluminum base to be better fixed to both sides of the water tank, enabling the entire device to slide along the length of the water tank, facilitating adjustment of the experimental position.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown, the wave-induced buried pipe floating process test device 2 includes a support frame 22, a roller fixing frame 23, and a pipe connecting frame 24. The bottom two sides of the support frame 22 are connected to the two sides of the base 1 via support frame fixing steel plates 205. The four support frame fixing steel plates 205 are fixed to the two sides of the base with screws, serving as the fixing base points for the entire frame. The support frame fixing steel plates 205 are rectangular in structure. A lifting mechanism 25 is provided at the top of the support frame 22. The roller fixing frame 23 is located inside the support frame 22, and its upper end is connected to the top of the support frame 22. The pipe connecting frame 24 is located inside the roller fixing frame 23, and its top is connected to the lifting mechanism 25. The test pipe 4 is located at the bottom of the test pipe connecting frame 24. In this invention, the support frame 22 drives the pipe connecting frame 24 to rise and fall through the lifting mechanism, while the roller fixing frame 23 limits the movement of the pipe connecting frame 24, thereby ensuring the vertical rise and fall of the test pipe 4 and guaranteeing its lifting accuracy.

[0028] In an embodiment of the present invention, the support frame 22 includes four vertical support rods 201, four top support rods 202, four horizontal support rods 203, and two lower support rods 204. The upper end of the two vertical support rods 201 is connected to a horizontal support rod 203, and the lower end of the two vertical support rods 201 is connected to a horizontal support rod 203. An aluminum profile corner bracket 213 is provided at the connection between the lower end of the vertical support rod 201 and the horizontal support rod 203. The aluminum profile corner bracket is mainly located at the connection between the two aluminum rods (the vertical support rod and the horizontal support rod) and is mainly used to reinforce the connection between the aluminum rods (the vertical support rod and the horizontal support rod) to prevent deformation. The four top support rods 202 are respectively connected between the two top horizontal support rods 203 at intervals. The two lower support rods 204 are respectively connected to the lower part between the two vertical support rods 201, and the lower support rods 204 are arranged parallel to the top support rods 202. The supporting vertical rod 201, supporting top rod 202, supporting horizontal rod 203, and supporting lower rod are all aluminum rods. The support frame is installed on a rectangular aluminum base by four rectangular fixed steel plates, each steel plate is fastened with screws, and four aluminum profiles (supporting vertical rods) serve as vertical pillars, which are respectively fixed vertically to the four fixed steel plates; the two vertical aluminum profiles (supporting vertical rods) on the same side of the water tank are connected and reinforced by a horizontal aluminum profile (supporting horizontal rod) and aluminum profile angle brackets, and the top of the two vertical aluminum profiles (supporting vertical rods) are connected by a horizontal aluminum profile (supporting horizontal rod); on the two horizontal aluminum profiles (supporting horizontal rods) at the top of the four vertical pillars (supporting vertical rods), four parallel top aluminum profiles (supporting top rods) spanning the water tank are fixed with screws to form the main load-bearing beams; thus, a stable three-dimensional frame structure with an open top and a water tank bottom is formed.

[0029] In an embodiment of the invention, the supporting vertical rods can be configured as four 850mm long European standard aluminum rods, mainly forming the external support structure of the frame and determining the upper limit of the frame's height. The supporting top rods can be configured as four 1650mm long European standard aluminum rods, located at the top of the entire frame, serving to create a flat surface. The two inner aluminum rods mainly support the motor, while the two outer ones mainly stabilize the external structure of the frame. The supporting horizontal rods can be configured as four 450mm long European standard aluminum rods, connecting the upper and lower ends of aluminum rod 1 respectively, increasing the stability of the external structure. The supporting lower rods can be configured as two 1530mm long European standard aluminum rods, spanning the water tank and connecting the aluminum rods 1 on different sides near the bottom, increasing the stability of the frame.

[0030] In an embodiment of the present invention, the roller fixing frame 23 includes four fixed horizontal bars 214 and four fixed vertical bars 215. The upper ends of the four fixed vertical bars 215 are respectively connected to the top of the support frame 22. The middle and lower ends of the two fixed vertical bars 215 are connected to the fixed horizontal bars 214. Two rollers 21 are provided on the inner side of the fixed horizontal bars 214 to help the test pipe rise and fall vertically and smoothly, and to limit the position of the pipe connecting rod. There are two pairs on each side of the water tank. To further ensure that the test pipe does not deviate during the rising and falling process, two sets of rollers are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the fixed horizontal bars of the roller fixing frame as a guide device. The main body of the device is composed of aluminum profiles: two short aluminum profiles (fixed vertical bars) extend downward from the top load-bearing beam and are parallel to the ground. A horizontal aluminum profile (fixed horizontal bar) is connected to the middle and lower ends of each of these two short aluminum profiles (fixed vertical bars). Two roller devices are symmetrically installed on each horizontal aluminum profile. The distance between the two rollers on the same horizontal bar is slightly larger than the cross-sectional width of the vertical aluminum profile (connecting vertical bar) connecting the test pipe. This allows the two vertical aluminum profiles (connecting vertical bars) connecting the test pipe to be clamped from both sides by four pairs of rollers (two pairs on each side), thereby strictly limiting their horizontal displacement during the lifting process and ensuring the accuracy of vertical movement.

[0031] like Figure 4 As shown, the roller 21 is mounted on the fixed crossbar 214 via a roller mounting plate 2101. The roller 21 includes a roller shaft 2102, a roller body 2103, and a roller cover 2105. The roller body 2103 is sleeved on the roller shaft 2102 via a deep groove ball bearing 2104 mounted on its inner ring. The roller cover 2105 is connected to the end of the roller shaft 2103 via an external hexagonal screw 2107 and a spring washer 2106. The roller shaft is vertically welded to one side of the roller mounting plate, which has screw holes for fixing it to the horizontal aluminum profile. The roller is sleeved on the roller shaft via the deep groove ball bearing mounted on its inner ring, allowing for flexible rotation. The roller cover is fixed to the end of the roller shaft via an external hexagonal screw and a spring washer, axially positioning the roller. This structure allows the roller to roll along with the vertical aluminum profile (connecting vertical bar) during lifting and lowering, greatly reducing frictional resistance.

[0032] In an embodiment of the present invention, the pipe connection frame 24 includes two connecting vertical rods 216 and two connecting horizontal rods 217. Springs 212 are respectively installed at the upper ends of the two connecting vertical rods 216. One end of each spring 212 is connected to the lifting mechanism 25. The upper ends of the two connecting vertical rods 216 are connected to one connecting horizontal rod 217. The upper parts of the two connecting vertical rods 216 are respectively positioned between two rollers 21. The middle part of the two connecting vertical rods 216 is connected to another connecting horizontal rod 217. The lower ends of the two connecting vertical rods 216 are connected to the test pipe 4. The springs are located at both ends of the bottom of the lifting plate, and their elasticity provides a buffering effect during lifting. The connecting vertical rods can be configured as two 1900mm long European standard aluminum rods, extending vertically and parallel towards the water tank to secure the test pipe. The connecting horizontal rods can be configured as two 800mm long European standard aluminum rods to stabilize the connecting vertical rods.

[0033] In an embodiment of the present invention, the lifting mechanism 25 includes a lifting motor 206, a lifting screw 207, and a motor fixing steel plate 208. The motor fixing steel plate 208 is connected to the middle of the top of the support frame 22. Stabilizing steel plates 209 are respectively provided on both sides of the motor fixing steel plate 208. The lifting motor 206 is connected to the motor fixing steel plate 208 to realize the lifting function of the hydrodynamic test pipeline. The output end of the lifting motor 206 is connected to the vertically arranged lifting screw 207. The lower end of the lifting screw 207 is connected to a lifting plate 211. A portion is cut out at the symmetrical position of the center of the plate. The long side of the plate is slightly bent. There are four screw holes on the inner side of each of the four corners for connecting the closed hollow aluminum tube. Four guide posts 210 are respectively provided at the four corners of the lifting plate 211. One end of each of the four guide posts 210 is slidably connected to the stabilizing steel plate 209. The core of the lifting mechanism is the lifting motor, which is mounted on the middle of the top load-bearing beam via a motor fixing steel plate. The motor's output shaft is connected to a vertically arranged lifting screw, the lower end of which has a connecting disc fixed to the center of the lifting plate with screws and nuts. To ensure smooth lifting, four hollow aluminum tubes are used as guide columns. The bottoms of these four guide columns are fixed near the four corners of one side of the lifting plate, and the tops of the guide columns pass through two parallel stabilizing steel plates installed on both sides of the motor fixing steel plate. When the lifting motor drives the lifting screw to rotate, the lifting plate can perform precise vertical lifting movements. The test pipe is connected to the bottom surface of the lifting plate via two vertical aluminum profiles (connecting vertical rods). The upper ends of the two aluminum profiles (connecting vertical rods) are fixed to the bottom surface of the lifting plate, and the lower ends are fixed to the test pipe. To enhance the stability of this connection structure, a horizontal aluminum profile and screws are used to reinforce the connection between the two vertical aluminum profiles (connecting vertical rods) at their middle and lower positions.

[0034] In an embodiment of the invention, the motor drives the pipe to rise and fall via a moving threaded rod, the length of which determines the lifting stroke. The motor fixing steel plate can be a rectangular structure: 25mm long, 110mm wide, and 5mm thick, located at the bottom of the motor, primarily serving to support and fix the motor. The stabilizing steel plate can be composed of two rectangular steel plates, each 250mm long, 85mm wide, and 5mm thick, with two centrally symmetrical cylinders, each 28mm in diameter and 60mm high, welded to one side of each plate, spaced 110mm apart, primarily to facilitate smoother lifting and falling.

[0035] The experimental device of this invention adopts a modular and detachable design, with a compact structure that significantly reduces transportation and assembly difficulties, facilitating rapid deployment and use in different laboratory water tank environments. The main support frame and functional components are primarily constructed from aluminum alloy profiles combined with stainless steel connectors. This design effectively controls manufacturing costs while ensuring structural stability and corrosion resistance.

[0036] In terms of structural design, this device achieves compatibility with various sizes of water tanks through a rigid base and adjustable slide rail system. Its stable foundation can effectively resist the hydrodynamic loads generated during the test, providing a stable benchmark for measurement work. The core feature is that it enables controllable and repeatable precise adjustment of the test pipeline position. The device's integrated motor-driven lifting mechanism, combined with a high-precision guiding and stabilizing system, can conveniently raise and lower the pipeline to different heights or initial burial depths as needed during the test.

[0037] Compared to traditional pipeline layout methods, the testing device of this invention offers significant advantages. Existing technologies typically require pre-burying pipelines and fixed supports in a sand bed. Adjusting the pipeline position necessitates interrupting the test, consuming considerable manpower and time to excavate the sand bed to remove the supports, and waiting for the sand to reclam and level. This process is cumbersome and time-consuming. The testing device of this invention completely changes this model. Through mechanized operation above the water surface, the adjustment and fixation of the pipeline position can be completed safely, quickly, and non-contactly without disturbing the test bed. This greatly shortens the test interval, avoids errors introduced by human disturbance of the test bed, and significantly improves the efficiency, comparability, and accuracy of a series of comparative tests.

[0038] like Figure 5 As shown, the automated monitoring method for the scour terrain around a buried pipe under wave-flow action using a liftable test device includes the following steps: Step 1: Device Setup and Initialization Install the entire test apparatus in the predetermined position in the laboratory water tank and fix it in place. Connect and debug all motors and slide rail modules on the entire test apparatus. Lower the test pipeline to the initial burial depth required for the test through the lifting mechanism and record the initial position coordinates of the lifting motor. Adjust the installation height of the three-dimensional laser terrain scanner, determine its optimal working height through pre-scanning, and lock it. Step Two: Positioning and Lifting Control of the Test Pipeline Before each test cycle begins, the lifting motor is controlled to precisely move the test pipe to the preset initial position. After the simulated wave and water flow phase ends, the lifting motor is controlled to vertically raise the test pipe to a predetermined height. This height setting must ensure that the bottom of the test pipe is completely out of the scanning area and provides an unobstructed scanning field of view for the 3D laser terrain scanner, so as to obtain complete terrain data below and around the test pipe. Step 3: Perimeter Terrain Scanning and Data Acquisition The slide rail module is activated, controlling the slide rail module equipped with a 3D laser terrain scanner to move according to a preset program. The typical movement mode is as follows: the horizontal slide rail module and the vertical slide rail module work together to drive the 3D laser terrain scanner to scan the target area line by line at a constant speed. The scanning process starts and stops synchronously with the slide rail movement to ensure complete coverage of the scanned area and data continuity. The high-density point cloud data obtained by scanning is the 3D digital model of the terrain around the pipe at the current moment. Through subsequent processing, the depth and shape of the scour pit can be accurately quantified.

[0039] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for buried pipes under wave-water flow conditions that can be raised and lowered, characterized in that: The test device includes a base (1), a wave-induced buried pipe floating process test device (2), a three-dimensional laser terrain scanner (3), a test pipe (4), a water channel slide rail module (5), a transverse slide rail module (6), a longitudinal slide rail module (7), and a slide rail module hand crank (8). The wave-induced buried pipe floating process test device (2) is mounted on the base (1), the test pipe (4) is mounted at the bottom of the wave-induced buried pipe floating process test device (2), and the water channel slide rail modules (5) are respectively mounted on both sides of the base (1). The horizontal slide rail module (6) is set above the two slide rail modules (5) along the water tank. A slide rail module motor (9) is set on one side of the horizontal slide rail module (6). The vertical slide rail module (7) is vertically set on the horizontal slide rail module (6). The three-dimensional laser terrain scanner (3) is connected to the vertical slide rail module (7) through a vertical mounting bracket (11). The vertical mounting bracket (11) is connected to the slide rail module hand crank (8). The three-dimensional laser terrain scanner (3) is controlled to move up and down by the slide rail module hand crank (8).

2. The wave-flow-induced lifting test device for buried pipes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The base (1) is a rectangular aluminum base that spans across both sides of the outer water tank. Several base aluminum blocks (10) are provided on both sides of the bottom of the base (1). The base aluminum blocks (10) are nested on the top tracks on both sides of the outer water tank.

3. The wave-flow-induced lifting test device for buried pipes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The wave-induced buried pipe floating process test device (2) includes a support frame (22), a roller fixing frame (23) and a pipe connecting frame (24). The bottom sides of the support frame (22) are respectively connected to the two sides of the base (1) through the support frame fixing steel plate (205). The top of the support frame (22) is provided with a lifting mechanism (25). The roller fixing frame (23) is located inside the support frame (22), and the upper end of the roller fixing frame (23) is connected to the top of the support frame (22). The pipe connecting frame (24) is located inside the roller fixing frame (23), and the top of the pipe connecting frame (24) is connected to the lifting mechanism (25). The test pipe (4) is located at the bottom of the test pipe connecting frame (24).

4. The wave-flow-induced lifting test device for buried pipes as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The support frame (22) includes four vertical support rods (201), four top support rods (202), four horizontal support rods (203), and two lower support rods (204). The upper end of the two vertical support rods (201) is connected to a horizontal support rod (203), and the lower end of the two vertical support rods (201) is connected to a horizontal support rod (203). An aluminum profile corner bracket (213) is provided at the connection between the lower end of the vertical support rod (201) and the horizontal support rod (203). The four top support rods (202) are respectively connected between the two top horizontal support rods (203) at intervals. The two lower support rods (204) are respectively connected to the lower part between the two vertical support rods (201), and the lower support rods (204) are arranged parallel to the top support rods (202).

5. The wave-flow-induced lifting test device for buried pipes as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The roller fixing frame (23) includes four fixed horizontal bars (214) and four fixed vertical bars (215). The upper ends of the four fixed vertical bars (215) are respectively connected to the top of the support frame (22). The middle and lower ends of the two fixed vertical bars (215) are connected to the fixed horizontal bars (214). Two rollers (21) are provided on the inner side of the fixed horizontal bars (214).

6. The wave-flow-induced lifting test device for buried pipes as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The roller (21) is mounted on the fixed crossbar (214) via a roller mounting plate (2101). The roller (21) includes a roller shaft (2102), a roller body (2103), and a roller cover (2105). The roller body (2103) is sleeved on the roller shaft (2102) via a deep groove ball bearing (2104) mounted on its inner ring. The roller cover (2105) is connected to the end of the roller shaft (2103) via an external hexagonal screw (2107) and a spring washer (2106).

7. The wave-flow-induced lifting test device for buried pipes as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The pipe connection frame (24) includes two connecting vertical rods (216) and two connecting horizontal rods (217). The upper ends of the two connecting vertical rods (216) are respectively provided with springs (212). One end of the springs (212) is connected to the lifting mechanism (25). The upper ends of the two connecting vertical rods (216) are connected to a connecting horizontal rod (217). The upper parts of the two connecting vertical rods (216) are respectively arranged between two rollers (21). The middle part of the two connecting vertical rods (216) is connected to another connecting horizontal rod (217). The lower ends of the two connecting vertical rods (216) are connected to the test pipe (4).

8. The wave-flow-induced lifting test device for buried pipes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism (25) includes a lifting motor (206), a lifting screw (207), and a motor fixing steel plate (208). The motor fixing steel plate (208) is connected to the middle of the top of the support frame (22). Stabilizing steel plates (209) are respectively provided on both sides of the motor fixing steel plate (208). The lifting motor (206) is connected to the motor fixing steel plate (208). The output end of the lifting motor (206) is connected to the vertically arranged lifting screw (207). The lower end of the lifting screw (207) is connected to the lifting plate (211). Guide columns (210) are respectively provided at the four corners of the lifting plate (211). One end of the guide column (210) is slidably connected to the stabilizing steel plate (209).

9. An automated monitoring method for the circumferential scour terrain of a buried pipe under wave-flow action-adjustable test device, as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Device Setup and Initialization Install the entire test apparatus in the predetermined position in the laboratory water tank and fix it in place. Connect and debug all motors and slide rail modules on the entire test apparatus. Lower the test pipeline to the initial burial depth required for the test through the lifting mechanism and record the initial position coordinates of the lifting motor. Adjust the installation height of the three-dimensional laser terrain scanner, determine its optimal working height through pre-scanning, and lock it. Step Two: Positioning and Lifting Control of the Test Pipeline Before each test cycle begins, the lifting motor is controlled to precisely move the test pipe to the preset initial position. After the simulated wave and water flow phase ends, the lifting motor is controlled to vertically raise the test pipe to a predetermined height. This height setting must ensure that the bottom of the test pipe is completely out of the scanning area and provides an unobstructed scanning field of view for the 3D laser terrain scanner, so as to obtain complete terrain data below and around the test pipe. Step 3: Perimeter Terrain Scanning and Data Acquisition The slide rail module is activated, controlling the slide rail module equipped with a 3D laser terrain scanner to move according to a preset program. The typical movement mode is as follows: the horizontal slide rail module and the vertical slide rail module work together to drive the 3D laser terrain scanner to scan the target area line by line at a constant speed. The scanning process starts and stops synchronously with the slide rail movement to ensure complete coverage of the scanned area and data continuity. The high-density point cloud data obtained by scanning is the 3D digital model of the terrain around the pipe at the current moment. Through subsequent processing, the depth and shape of the scour pit can be accurately quantified.

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