A deep rock stratum dynamic disaster source prevention and control method based on force-energy dual intervention

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for source-based prevention and control of dynamic disasters in deep rock strata based on force-energy dual intervention, belonging to the field of mine dynamic disaster prevention and control technology. For different disaster-causing physical structures, a suitable force-energy dual intervention technology is obtained to achieve quantitative and graded assessment of the manifestation degree of dynamic disasters in rock strata. Simultaneously, evaluation indicators applicable to different force-energy dual intervention technologies are established from both the construction process and implementation effect perspectives, providing support for the graded assessment and classified prevention and control of dynamic disasters in deep rock strata.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a source-based prevention and control method for dynamic disasters in deep rock strata based on force-energy dual intervention, belonging to the field of mine dynamic disaster prevention and control technology. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the gradual depletion of shallow coal resources, deep coal resources have become the core target of coal development. Deep coal and rock strata are situated in a complex geomechanical environment characterized by high stress, high humidity, high temperature, high temperature, and high risk of disturbance, leading to frequent rock strata dynamic disasters that severely impact safe and efficient underground operations. Rock strata dynamic disasters result from the coupling of stress and energy within the coal and rock strata. Under stress, energy accumulates in the coal and rock strata, and when this accumulated energy exceeds the energy it releases, it induces rock strata dynamic disasters. Furthermore, the stress and energy distribution characteristics of coal and rock strata vary significantly under different geological conditions. Therefore, to achieve long-term safety in deep mines, it is necessary to proactively classify and control the stress sources, energy accumulation capacity, and release pathways of rock strata dynamic disasters.

[0003] Existing methods for preventing and controlling dynamic disasters in deep rock strata can be broadly categorized into two types. One type focuses on stress, reducing the static and dynamic loads generated by the coal and rock strata. For example, the near-field control and far-field isolation method for preventing and controlling dynamic disasters in coal and rock strata, disclosed in Chinese patent document CN116838342A, eliminates the combination of high static and high dynamic loads through near-field control and eliminates the possibility of such combinations through far-field isolation, thus achieving source control of dynamic disasters such as rockbursts. The other type focuses on the energy that induces the rockburst. For instance, Chinese patent document CN119337031A discloses a method for preventing and controlling rockbursts based on active structural control. This method calculates the critical fracture length of the key layer based on the critical dynamic load energy of the rockburst and actively controls the fracture length within a safe range, achieving precise prevention and control of rockbursts. These methods all address the problem from a single dimension of stress or energy and have good control effects in mines with simple geological conditions.

[0004] However, in some areas with complex geological conditions and structures such as large faults and synclines, existing methods for preventing and controlling rock strata dynamic disasters that consider only stress or energy are not ideal. Sometimes, a vicious cycle of repeated stress relief and passive prevention and control occurs. Moreover, existing prevention and control methods rarely consider the physical structure that causes excessive stress or energy concentration and do not classify and control different coal and rock strata structures. Therefore, this invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for source-based prevention and control of deep rock strata dynamic disasters based on force-energy dual intervention. This method employs force-energy dual intervention for different disaster-causing physical structures to achieve quantitative and graded assessment of the manifestation degree of rock strata dynamic disasters. Furthermore, it establishes evaluation indicators applicable to different force-energy dual intervention technologies from both the construction process and implementation effects perspectives, providing support for the graded assessment and classified prevention and control of deep rock strata dynamic disasters.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for source-based prevention and control of dynamic disasters in deep rock strata based on force-energy dual intervention, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) For different coal and rock strata structures, establish appropriate deep rock strata dynamic disaster prevention and control technologies from three dimensions: reducing stress sources, reducing energy accumulation capacity, and increasing energy release paths;

[0009] (2) Quantitatively assess the degree of manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters based on the mine pressure observation data at the control site;

[0010] (3) Establish a geological structure model of coal and rock strata and identify the sources of disaster-causing physical properties;

[0011] (4) Select the force-energy dual intervention technology method based on construction conditions and technical level;

[0012] (5) Design force-energy dual intervention technical parameters based on the degree of manifestation and geological conditions;

[0013] (6) Formulate safety technical measures and implement force-energy dual intervention technology;

[0014] (7) Establish an effectiveness evaluation method to evaluate the effectiveness of rock strata dynamic disaster prevention and control.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), the coal and rock strata structure includes thick strata, faults, folds, and coal thickness variation zones;

[0016] To reduce the source of stress, the technologies suitable for thick rock formations include surface hydraulic fracturing, underground hydraulic fracturing, or blasting fracturing; the technologies suitable for faults include fault plane blasting or fault plane grouting reinforcement; the technologies suitable for folds include priority mining of the wing or axial blasting; and the technologies suitable for coal thickness variation zones include rationally determining the mining direction of the working face and variation zone blasting.

[0017] To reduce the energy accumulation capacity dimension, the technology adapted to thick rock layers, faults, and folds is to dynamically control the coal seam water injection or pushing speed, thereby weakening the energy storage characteristics and energy storage rate of the coal and rock mass; the technology adapted to coal thickness variation zones is to gradually adjust the mining height, dynamically control the coal seam water injection or pushing speed, thereby reducing the energy accumulated in the coal and rock.

[0018] By increasing the dimensions of energy release pathways, technologies such as large-diameter borehole decompression, loosening blasting, hydraulic slotting, or energy-absorbing support are adopted, which are suitable for all coal and rock strata structures, and can release the energy that has been accumulated inside in an orderly manner.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), specifically, the maximum daily energy, total daily energy, maximum hydraulic support working resistance, deformation of the two sides, and convergence of the top and bottom plates are selected as evaluation indicators. A quantitative evaluation is then performed based on the ratio between the monitoring results of the evaluation indicators in the most recent month and the historical maximum values ​​of the evaluation indicators.

[0020]

[0021] In the formula, D a To control the extent of dynamic rock hazard manifestation at the site, E d E t R and B are the average values ​​of the maximum daily energy, total daily energy, and maximum hydraulic support working resistance of the control site over the past month, respectively. s B f These represent the maximum values ​​of deformation of the two sides and the convergence of the top and bottom plates at the control site within the past month, respectively. dmax E tmax R max B smax B fmax These are the historical maximum values ​​for maximum daily energy, total daily energy, maximum hydraulic support working resistance, deformation of the two side walls, and convergence of the top and bottom plates, respectively.

[0022] D a When D < 0.3, the manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters is slight; when D ≤ 0.3, the manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters is slight. a When D < 0.6, the manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters is obvious; when D ≤ 0.6, the manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters is obvious. a When the value is <0.8, the manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters is considered severe. a When the value is ≥0.8, the manifestation of dynamic disasters in rock strata is extremely severe.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (3), specifically, based on geological survey data such as geological descriptions and borehole columnar sections of the prevention and control site, a geological structure model of the coal and rock strata is established, and key physical structures that play a leading role in dynamic disasters of the rock strata are identified and delineated, including thick rock strata, faults, folds, coal thickness variation zones, etc.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (4), specifically, the selection range of force-energy dual intervention technology is clarified based on the source control technology of deep rock strata dynamic disasters and the delineated key physical property structures;

[0025] The existing equipment placement at the control site and the technical experience and skill level of the implementation team influence the technical choices in two dimensions: reducing the source of stress and increasing the energy release path. Specifically, when there is no belt conveyor at the control site and the implementation team is qualified to perform blasting, blasting is preferred in terms of reducing the source of stress, while loosening blasting and energy-absorbing support are preferred in terms of increasing the energy release path. When there is a belt conveyor at the control site and the team has experience in hydraulic fracturing, in terms of reducing the source of stress, underground hydraulic fracturing is used for thick rock strata, grouting is used for faults, and blasting is still used for folds and coal seam thickness variation zones. In terms of increasing the energy release path, large-diameter borehole decompression or hydraulic fracturing is used.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (5), specifically, based on the degree of manifestation of dynamic hazards in rock strata and the geological structure model of coal and rock strata, the degree of manifestation of dynamic hazards in rock strata D a The larger the borehole size, the smaller the borehole spacing Z for technologies such as blasting, grouting reinforcement, hydraulic fracturing, coal seam water injection, energy-absorbing support, and hydraulic slotting, and the faster the mining speed V. m Adjustment speed V h The smaller, that is

[0027] .

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (6), before carrying out underground and surface operations, the coal mining enterprise formulates safety technical measures based on the specific operation content, including electrical equipment safety technical measures, drilling rig stabilization safety technical measures, drilling safety technical measures, blasting safety technical measures, fracturing safety technical measures, etc.

[0029] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (7), specifically:

[0030] First, explosion-proof cameras, water pressure measuring instruments, flow monitoring instruments, intelligent torque wrenches, coal mining machine stroke monitoring systems, and coal mining machine height monitoring systems are used to monitor the construction process of the force-energy dual intervention technology, and to obtain the construction compliance rate of key parameters, namely:

[0031] For blasting technology, explosion-proof cameras are used to record the drilling angle, drilling depth, and charge quantity during the construction process. The drilling depth is obtained based on the number of drill rods withdrawn during the last drilling operation and the length of a single drill rod. Therefore, the key parameter of the blasting technology, the construction compliance rate K, is... c1 for:

[0032]

[0033] In the formula, A s S s M s These are the actual drilling angle, actual drilling depth, and actual charge quantity during the construction process, respectively.d S d M d These are the designed drilling angle, drilling depth, and charge quantity, respectively.

[0034] For hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic kerfing techniques, explosion-proof cameras and hydraulic pressure measuring instruments are used to monitor the drilling angle, drilling depth, fracturing pressure, and fracturing time during the construction process. The key parameter compliance rate K for these techniques is then determined. c2 for:

[0035]

[0036] In the formula, P s T hs These represent the actual rupture pressure and actual rupture time during the construction process, respectively. d T hd These are the designed burst pressure and burst time, respectively;

[0037] For coal seam water injection technology, explosion-proof cameras and flow monitors are used to monitor the drilling angle, drilling depth, water injection volume, and water injection time during the construction process. The key parameter compliance rate K of the coal seam water injection technology is then determined. c3 for:

[0038]

[0039] In the formula, I s T is These represent the actual water injection volume and the actual water injection time during the construction process, respectively. d T id These refer to the designed water injection volume and water injection time, respectively.

[0040] For large-diameter borehole pressure relief and grouting reinforcement technology, using explosion-proof cameras to monitor the drilling angle and depth during construction will result in a high construction compliance rate (K) for the key parameters of this technology. c4 for:

[0041]

[0042] For energy-absorbing support technology, explosion-proof cameras and intelligent torque wrenches are used to monitor the drilling angle, drilling depth, and pre-tightening force during the construction process. This determines the construction compliance rate K of the key parameters of the energy-absorbing support technology. c5 for:

[0043]

[0044] In the formula, F s F represents the actual preload force during construction. d The preload is the preload designed for this purpose.

[0045] For dynamic control technology of pushing speed, the pushing speed is monitored by a coal mining machine stroke monitoring system. The key parameter of dynamic control technology, the construction compliance rate K, is... c6 for:

[0046]

[0047] In the formula, V ms V represents the actual pushing speed of the working face during mining. md The designed drilling speed.

[0048] For the gradual adjustment of mining height technology, a coal mining machine height monitoring system is used to monitor the adjustment speed. The key parameter compliance rate K of the gradual adjustment of mining height technology is then determined. c7 for:

[0049]

[0050] In the formula, V hs V represents the actual adjustment speed of the working face mining height. gd Adjust the speed of the working face mining height design.

[0051] When K ci When the value is less than 0.6, the construction process does not conform to the parameter design, i=12,…,7, 0.6≤K ci When K < 0.8, the construction process basically conforms to the parameter design. ci When the value is ≥0.8, the construction process height meets the design parameters;

[0052] Then, by combining the daily maximum energy, total daily energy, maximum hydraulic support working resistance, sidewall deformation, and top and bottom plate convergence before and after the implementation of the force-energy dual intervention technology at the control site, the implementation effect is evaluated.

[0053]

[0054] In the formula, C e To improve the effectiveness of the power-energy dual intervention technology in prevention and control, E d1 E t1 R1 and R2 represent the maximum daily energy, total daily energy, and maximum hydraulic support working resistance, respectively, within one month after the implementation of the force-energy dual intervention technology. s1 B f1 These represent the maximum values ​​of deformation of the two sides and convergence of the top and bottom plates within one month after the implementation of the force-energy dual intervention technology, E. d0 E t0 R0 and R0 represent the maximum daily energy, total daily energy, and maximum hydraulic support working resistance, respectively, within one month prior to the implementation of the force-energy dual intervention technology. s0 Bf0 These represent the maximum values ​​of the deformation of the two sidewalls and the convergence of the top and bottom plates within one month prior to the implementation of the force-energy dual intervention technology.

[0055] When C e When C < 0.2, the force-energy dual intervention technique has no control effect; when C ≤ 0.2, the effect is less than 0.2. e When the value is <0.4, the force-energy dual intervention technique is generally effective, achieving a moderate prevention and control effect. e When the value is ≥0.4, the force-energy dual intervention technique is highly effective and achieves significant prevention and control results;

[0056] Finally, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the key parameters of the force-energy dual intervention technology, including the construction compliance rate and the effectiveness of prevention and control, to provide a basis for the next implementation of the technology at the same prevention and control site.

[0057] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0058] 1. This invention addresses the different disaster-causing physical properties of thick rock strata, faults, folds, and coal thickness variation zones. It establishes a source-specific prevention and control technology for deep rock strata dynamic disasters from three dimensions: reducing the source of stress, reducing energy accumulation capacity, and enhancing energy release pathways. This achieves a high degree of compatibility between the prevention and control technology and the disaster-causing physical properties, thereby improving the targeting of the prevention and control technology.

[0059] 2. Based on microseismic energy, hydraulic support working resistance, and surrounding rock deformation, this invention establishes an engineering criterion D that can quantitatively assess the degree of manifestation of dynamic disasters in rock strata. a This provides an objective and quantitative scientific basis for the design of key parameters in subsequent force-energy dual intervention technologies.

[0060] 3. This invention establishes evaluation indicators applicable to different force-energy dual intervention technologies from both the construction process and implementation effect perspectives: Key parameter construction compliance rate K ci and prevention and control effectiveness C e This enables quality control and effectiveness verification of force-energy dual intervention technology, providing methodological support for comprehensive evaluation of prevention and control effectiveness.

[0061] 4. This invention forms a comprehensive source-based prevention and control method that covers the entire process from quantitatively assessing the degree of disaster manifestation to identifying the source of the disaster-causing physical properties, implementing force-dual intervention technology, and finally evaluating the prevention and control effect. It is of great significance for the graded assessment and source-based prevention and control of dynamic disasters in deep rock strata. Attached Figure Description

[0062] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the prevention and control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the source-based prevention and control technology architecture for deep rock dynamic disasters provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the working face rock strata provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working surface layout provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a thick rock stratum geological structure model provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a fault geological structure model provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a folded geological structure model provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the geological structure model of the coal thickness variation zone provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] In the diagram, 1. Basic bottom, 2. Immediate bottom, 3. Solid coal, 4. Coal pillar, 5. Mining roadway, 6. Immediate roof, 7. Basic roof, 8. Thick rock strata, 9. Goaf, 10. Fault, 11. Fold, 12. Hydraulic support, 13. Coal thickness variation zone. Detailed Implementation

[0071] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but is not limited thereto.

[0072] Example 1:

[0073] like Figure 1-8 As shown, in a deep mine, the immediate floor 2 is fine-grained sandstone, the basic floor 1 is siltstone, the immediate roof 6 is fine-grained sandstone, and the basic roof 7 is siltstone. One side of the mining roadway 5 is solid coal 3, and the other side is a coal pillar 4 and a goaf 9. Hydraulic supports 12 are used at the working face to ensure safe coal mining. The mine has complex geological conditions, with widespread distribution of thick rock layers 8, faults 10, folds 11, and coal thickness variation zones 13. This means that existing stress-based control measures cannot meet the inherent safety requirements of the site. Even after implementation, the dynamic hazards of the rock strata remain severe, seriously hindering the safe and efficient operation of the mine. Therefore, this embodiment provides a source-specific control method for deep rock strata dynamic hazards based on force-energy dual intervention. The steps are as follows:

[0074] (1) For different coal and rock strata structures, appropriate deep rock strata dynamic disaster prevention and control technologies are established from three dimensions: reducing stress source, reducing energy accumulation capacity and increasing energy release path (see Table 1).

[0075] Table 1: Source-based Prevention and Control Technologies for Dynamic Disasters in Deep Rock Formations

[0076]

[0077] Coal and rock strata structures include thick strata, faults, folds, and coal thickness variation zones;

[0078] To reduce the source of stress, the technologies suitable for thick rock formations include surface hydraulic fracturing, underground hydraulic fracturing, or blasting fracturing; the technologies suitable for faults include fault plane blasting or fault plane grouting reinforcement; the technologies suitable for folds include priority mining of the wing or axial blasting; and the technologies suitable for coal thickness variation zones include rationally determining the mining direction of the working face and variation zone blasting.

[0079] The rational determination of the mining direction of the working face is mainly based on the changes in coal seam thickness, the existing main production system of the mining area, and the working face succession plan. When only considering the relationship between the mining direction of the working face and the coal thickness variation zone, it is recommended that the mining direction of the working face be perpendicular to the strike of the coal thickness variation zone; if the working face is parallel to the strike of the coal thickness variation zone, then its mining direction should gradually transition from the thin coal area to the thick coal area.

[0080] To reduce the energy accumulation capacity dimension, the technology adapted to thick rock layers, faults, and folds is to dynamically control the coal seam water injection or pushing speed, thereby weakening the energy storage characteristics and energy storage rate of the coal and rock mass; the technology adapted to coal thickness variation zones is to gradually adjust the mining height, dynamically control the coal seam water injection or pushing speed, thereby reducing the energy accumulated in the coal and rock.

[0081] By increasing the dimensions of energy release pathways, technologies such as large-diameter borehole decompression, loosening blasting, hydraulic slotting, or energy-absorbing support are adopted, which are suitable for all coal and rock strata structures, and can release the energy that has been accumulated inside in an orderly manner.

[0082] (2) Quantitatively assess the degree of manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters based on the mine pressure observation data at the control site;

[0083] The evaluation indicators are selected as the maximum daily energy, total daily energy, maximum hydraulic support working resistance, sidewall deformation, and top and bottom plate convergence. Quantitative evaluation is conducted based on the ratio between the monitoring results of these indicators over the past month and their historical maximum values.

[0084]

[0085] In the formula, D a To control the extent of dynamic rock hazard manifestation at the site, E d E t R and B are the average values ​​of the maximum daily energy, total daily energy, and maximum hydraulic support working resistance of the control site over the past month, respectively. s B fThese represent the maximum values ​​of deformation of the two sides and the convergence of the top and bottom plates at the control site within the past month, respectively. dmax E tmax R max B smax B fmax These are the historical maximum values ​​for maximum daily energy, total daily energy, maximum hydraulic support working resistance, deformation of the two side walls, and convergence of the top and bottom plates, respectively.

[0086] D a When D < 0.3, the manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters is slight; when D ≤ 0.3, the manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters is slight. a When D < 0.6, the manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters is obvious; when D ≤ 0.6, the manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters is obvious. a When the value is <0.8, the manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters is considered severe. a When the value is ≥0.8, the manifestation of dynamic disasters in rock strata is extremely severe.

[0087] E at the prevention and control site dx 2.4 × 10 5 J, E tmax 5.5×10 6 J, R max 50.1 MPa, B smax 1390mm, B fmax It is 943mm, E d 1.4×10 5 J, E t 1.7×10 6 J and R are 43.2 MPa, B s 861mm, B f If it is 762mm, then D a =0.65, then the degree of dynamic rock strata disaster at this location is severe.

[0088] (3) Establish a geological structure model of coal and rock strata and identify the sources of disaster-causing physical properties;

[0089] Based on geological survey data such as geological descriptions and borehole columnar sections of the control site, a geological structure model of the coal and rock strata was established, and fault 10 was identified and delineated as the main cause of dynamic disasters in the rock strata of this deep mine.

[0090] (4) Select the force-energy dual intervention technology method based on construction conditions and technical level;

[0091] If the control site has no belt conveyor and the mine's implementation team has blasting qualifications, then the optimization is to use fault-plane blasting to reduce the source of stress, to select dynamic control of the pushing speed to reduce the energy accumulation capacity, and to use loosening blasting and energy-absorbing support to increase the energy release path.

[0092] (5) Design force-energy dual intervention technical parameters based on the degree of manifestation and geological conditions;

[0093] Based on the manifestation of dynamic hazards in rock strata and the geological structure model of coal and rock strata, key parameters for the control effect of the influence-energy dual intervention technology were designed. Specifically, the drilling length for fault-plane blasting technology was 38m, the drilling spacing was 8m, the drilling inclination angle was 75°, the charge was 66kg, and the pushing speed was adjusted to 3.46m / d~5.19m / d. The drilling depth for loosening blasting was 20m, the drilling spacing was 1.5m, the charge was 26.4kg, and the energy-absorbing support adopted a new type of anti-impact energy-absorbing anchor cable with a drilling angle of 12°, a drilling depth of 4.3m, and a preload of 240kN.

[0094] (6) Formulate safety technical measures and implement force-energy dual intervention technology;

[0095] Before coking coal mines carry out underground and surface operations, they shall formulate safety technical measures according to the specific operation content, including electrical equipment safety technical measures, drilling rig stabilization safety technical measures, drilling safety technical measures, blasting safety technical measures, fracturing safety technical measures, etc.

[0096] (7) Establish an effectiveness evaluation method to evaluate the effectiveness of rock strata dynamic disaster prevention and control.

[0097] First, explosion-proof cameras, water pressure measuring instruments, flow monitoring instruments, intelligent torque wrenches, coal mining machine stroke monitoring systems, and coal mining machine height monitoring systems are used to monitor the construction process of the force-energy dual intervention technology, and to obtain the construction compliance rate of key parameters, namely:

[0098] For blasting technology, explosion-proof cameras are used to record the drilling angle, drilling depth, and charge quantity during the construction process. The drilling depth is obtained based on the number of drill rods withdrawn during the last drilling operation and the length of a single drill rod. Therefore, the key parameter of the blasting technology, the construction compliance rate K, is... c1 for:

[0099]

[0100] In the formula, A s S s M s These are the actual drilling angle, actual drilling depth, and actual charge quantity during the construction process, respectively. d S d M d These are the designed drilling angle, drilling depth, and charge quantity, respectively.

[0101] Based on the on-site implementation process, the construction compliance rate of key parameters for fault-plane blasting technology was 0.98, and the construction compliance rate of key parameters for loosening blasting was 1.00.

[0102] For energy-absorbing support technology, explosion-proof cameras and intelligent torque wrenches are used to monitor the drilling angle, drilling depth, and pre-tightening force during the construction process. This determines the construction compliance rate K of the key parameters of the energy-absorbing support technology. c5 for:

[0103]

[0104] In the formula, F s F represents the actual preload force during construction. d The preload is the preload designed for this purpose.

[0105] Based on the on-site implementation process, the construction compliance rate of key parameters for energy-absorbing support technology was 0.93.

[0106] For dynamic control technology of pushing speed, the pushing speed is monitored by a coal mining machine stroke monitoring system. The key parameter of dynamic control technology, the construction compliance rate K, is... c6 for:

[0107]

[0108] In the formula, V ms V represents the actual pushing speed of the working face during mining. md The designed drilling speed.

[0109] Based on the on-site implementation process, the key parameter construction symbol rate of the dynamic control technology for pushing and mining speed is 1.

[0110] Then K ci When the value is ≥0.8, the construction process is highly consistent with the design parameters.

[0111] Then, by combining the daily maximum energy, total daily energy, maximum hydraulic support working resistance, sidewall deformation, and top and bottom plate convergence before and after the implementation of the force-energy dual intervention technology at the control site, the implementation effect is evaluated.

[0112]

[0113] In the formula, C e To improve the effectiveness of the power-energy dual intervention technology in prevention and control, E d1 E t1 R1 and R2 represent the maximum daily energy, total daily energy, and maximum hydraulic support working resistance, respectively, within one month after the implementation of the force-energy dual intervention technology. s1 B f1 These represent the maximum values ​​of deformation of the two sides and convergence of the top and bottom plates within one month after the implementation of the force-energy dual intervention technology, E. d0 E t0R0 and R0 represent the maximum daily energy, total daily energy, and maximum hydraulic support working resistance, respectively, within one month prior to the implementation of the force-energy dual intervention technology. s0 B f0 These represent the maximum values ​​of the deformation of the two sidewalls and the convergence of the top and bottom plates within one month prior to the implementation of the force-energy dual intervention technology.

[0114] After implementing force-energy dual intervention technology at this location, E d1 It is 5.6 × 10 3 J, E t1 It is 7.2×10 4 J and R1 are 33.8 MPa, B s1 263mm, B f1 If the value is 224mm, then combining the relevant monitoring data from step 2 before the implementation of the force-energy dual intervention technique, C e =0.71; at the same time, D a The intensity of rock dynamic disasters decreased from 0.65 to 0.23, indicating that the manifestation of rock dynamic disasters was reduced from severe to slight. This shows that the force-energy dual intervention technology is highly effective and has achieved significant prevention and control effects. This technical parameter can be continued to be implemented.

[0115] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for source-based prevention and control of dynamic disasters in deep rock strata based on force-energy dual intervention, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: (1) For different coal and rock strata structures, establish appropriate deep rock strata dynamic disaster prevention and control technologies from three dimensions: reducing stress sources, reducing energy accumulation capacity, and increasing energy release paths; (2) Quantitatively assess the degree of manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters based on the mine pressure observation data at the control site; (3) Establish a geological structure model of coal and rock strata and identify the sources of disaster-causing physical properties; (4) Select the force-energy dual intervention technology method based on construction conditions and technical level; (5) Design force-energy dual intervention technical parameters based on the degree of manifestation and geological conditions; (6) Formulate safety technical measures and implement force-energy dual intervention technology; (7) Establish an effectiveness evaluation method to evaluate the effectiveness of rock strata dynamic disaster prevention and control.

2. The method for source-based prevention and control of deep rock strata dynamic disasters based on force-energy dual intervention as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the coal and rock strata structure includes thick rock layers, faults, folds and coal thickness variation zones.

3. The method for source-based prevention and control of deep rock strata dynamic disasters based on force-energy dual intervention as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step (1), the dimension of reducing stress source is suitable for the following techniques: surface hydraulic fracturing, underground hydraulic fracturing, or blasting fracturing for thick rock layers; fault plane blasting or fault plane grouting reinforcement for faults; folds for blasting of mining wings or shafts; and coal thickness variation zones for determining the mining direction and variation zone blasting. To reduce the energy accumulation capacity dimension, the technology adapted to thick rock layers, faults, and folds is to dynamically control the coal seam water injection or pushing speed, thereby weakening the energy storage characteristics and energy storage rate of the coal and rock mass; the technology adapted to coal thickness variation zones is to gradually adjust the mining height, dynamically control the coal seam water injection or pushing speed, thereby reducing the energy accumulated in the coal and rock. It increases the dimensions of energy release paths and adopts technologies such as large-diameter borehole decompression, loosening blasting, hydraulic slotting, or energy-absorbing support, which are suitable for all coal and rock strata structures.

4. The method for source-based prevention and control of deep rock strata dynamic disasters based on force-energy dual intervention as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step (2), specifically, the maximum daily energy, total daily energy, maximum hydraulic support working resistance, sidewall deformation, and top and bottom plate convergence are selected as evaluation indicators. A quantitative evaluation is then conducted based on the ratio between the monitoring results of these indicators over the past month and their historical maximum values. ； In the formula, D a To control the extent of dynamic rock hazard manifestation at the site, E d E t R and B are the average values ​​of the maximum daily energy, total daily energy, and maximum hydraulic support working resistance of the control site over the past month, respectively. s B f These represent the maximum values ​​of deformation of the two sides and the convergence of the top and bottom plates at the control site within the past month, respectively. dmax E tmax R max B smax B fmax These are the historical maximum values ​​for maximum daily energy, total daily energy, maximum hydraulic support working resistance, deformation of the two side walls, and convergence of the top and bottom plates, respectively. D a When D < 0.3, the manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters is slight; when D ≤ 0.3, the manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters is slight. a When D < 0.6, the manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters is obvious; when D ≤ 0.6, the manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters is obvious. a When the value is <0.8, the manifestation of dynamic rock strata disasters is considered severe. a When the value is ≥0.8, the manifestation of dynamic disasters in rock strata is extremely severe.

5. The method for source-based prevention and control of deep rock strata dynamic disasters based on force-energy dual intervention as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step (3), specifically, based on the geological survey data of the prevention and control site, a geological structure model of the coal and rock strata is established, and the key physical structures that play a major role in causing dynamic disasters in the rock strata are identified and delineated, including thick rock strata, faults, folds, and coal thickness variation zones.

6. The method for source-based prevention and control of deep rock strata dynamic disasters based on force-energy dual intervention as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In step (4), specifically, the selection range of force-energy dual intervention technology is clarified based on the source control technology of deep rock dynamic disasters and the delineated key physical property structures; The existing equipment placement at the control site and the technical experience and skill level of the implementation team influence the technical choices in two dimensions: reducing the source of stress and increasing the energy release path. Specifically, when there is no belt conveyor at the control site and the implementation team is qualified to perform blasting, blasting is preferred in terms of reducing the source of stress, while loosening blasting and energy-absorbing support are preferred in terms of increasing the energy release path. When there is a belt conveyor at the control site and the team has experience in hydraulic fracturing, in terms of reducing the source of stress, underground hydraulic fracturing is used for thick rock strata, grouting is used for faults, and blasting is still used for folds and coal seam thickness variation zones. In terms of increasing the energy release path, large-diameter borehole decompression or hydraulic fracturing is used.

7. The method for source-based prevention and control of deep rock strata dynamic disasters based on force-energy dual intervention as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In step (5), specifically, based on the manifestation degree of dynamic hazards in rock strata and the geological structure model of coal and rock strata, the manifestation degree D of dynamic hazards in rock strata is determined. a The larger the borehole size, the smaller the borehole spacing Z for technologies such as blasting, grouting reinforcement, hydraulic fracturing, coal seam water injection, energy-absorbing support, and hydraulic slotting, and the faster the mining speed V. m Adjustment speed V h The smaller, that is 。 8. The method for source-based prevention and control of deep rock strata dynamic disasters based on force-energy dual intervention as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In step (6), before carrying out underground and surface operations, coal mining enterprises shall formulate safety technical measures according to the specific operation content, including electrical equipment safety technical measures, drilling rig stabilization safety technical measures, drilling safety technical measures, blasting safety technical measures, and fracturing safety technical measures.

9. The method for source-based prevention and control of deep rock strata dynamic disasters based on force-energy dual intervention as described in claim 8, characterized in that, In step (7), specifically: First, the construction process of the force-energy dual intervention technology is monitored to obtain the construction compliance rate of key parameters, namely: For blasting technology, explosion-proof cameras are used to record the drilling angle, drilling depth, and charge quantity during the construction process. The drilling depth is obtained based on the number of drill rods withdrawn during the last drilling operation and the length of a single drill rod. Therefore, the key parameter of the blasting technology, the construction compliance rate K, is... c1 for: ； In the formula, A s S s M s These are the actual drilling angle, actual drilling depth, and actual charge quantity during the construction process, respectively. d S d M d These are the designed drilling angle, drilling depth, and charge quantity, respectively. For hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic kerfing techniques, explosion-proof cameras and hydraulic pressure measuring instruments are used to monitor the drilling angle, drilling depth, fracturing pressure, and fracturing time during the construction process. The key parameter compliance rate K for these techniques is then determined. c2 for: ； In the formula, P s T hs These represent the actual rupture pressure and actual rupture time during the construction process, respectively. d T hd These are the designed burst pressure and burst time, respectively; For coal seam water injection technology, explosion-proof cameras and flow monitors are used to monitor the drilling angle, drilling depth, water injection volume, and water injection time during the construction process. The key parameter compliance rate K of the coal seam water injection technology is then determined. c3 for: ； In the formula, I s T is These represent the actual water injection volume and the actual water injection time during the construction process, respectively. d T id These refer to the designed water injection volume and water injection time, respectively. For large-diameter borehole pressure relief and grouting reinforcement technology, using explosion-proof cameras to monitor the drilling angle and depth during construction will result in a high construction compliance rate (K) for the key parameters of this technology. c4 for: ； For energy-absorbing support technology, explosion-proof cameras and intelligent torque wrenches are used to monitor the drilling angle, drilling depth, and pre-tightening force during the construction process. This determines the construction compliance rate K of the key parameters of the energy-absorbing support technology. c5 for: ； In the formula, F s F represents the actual preload force during construction. d The preload is designed for this purpose; For dynamic control technology of pushing speed, the pushing speed is monitored by a coal mining machine stroke monitoring system. The key parameter of dynamic control technology, the construction compliance rate K, is... c6 for: ； In the formula, V ms V represents the actual pushing speed of the working face during mining. md The designed drilling speed; For the gradual adjustment of mining height technology, a coal mining machine height monitoring system is used to monitor the adjustment speed. The key parameter compliance rate K of the gradual adjustment of mining height technology is then determined. c7 for: ； In the formula, V hs V represents the actual adjustment speed of the working face mining height. gd Adjust the speed of the working face mining height design; When K ci When the value is less than 0.6, the construction process does not conform to the parameter design, i=12,…,7, 0.6≤K ci When K < 0.8, the construction process basically conforms to the parameter design. ci When the value is ≥0.8, the construction process height meets the design parameters; Then, by combining the daily maximum energy, total daily energy, maximum hydraulic support working resistance, sidewall deformation, and top and bottom plate convergence before and after the implementation of the force-energy dual intervention technology at the control site, the implementation effect is evaluated. ； In the formula, C e To improve the effectiveness of the power-energy dual intervention technology in prevention and control, E d1 E t1 R1 and R2 represent the maximum daily energy, total daily energy, and maximum hydraulic support working resistance, respectively, within one month after the implementation of the force-energy dual intervention technology. s1 B f1 These represent the maximum values ​​of deformation of the two sides and convergence of the top and bottom plates within one month after the implementation of the force-energy dual intervention technology, E. d0 E t0 R0 and R0 represent the maximum daily energy, total daily energy, and maximum hydraulic support working resistance, respectively, within one month prior to the implementation of the force-energy dual intervention technology. s0 B f0 These represent the maximum values ​​of the deformation of the two sidewalls and the convergence of the top and bottom plates within one month prior to the implementation of the force-energy dual intervention technology. When C e When C < 0.2, the force-energy dual intervention technique has no control effect; when C ≤ 0.2, the effect is less than 0.

2. e When the value is <0.4, the force-energy dual intervention technique is generally effective, achieving a moderate prevention and control effect. e When the value is ≥0.4, the force-energy dual intervention technique is highly effective and achieves significant prevention and control results; Finally, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the key parameters of the force-energy dual intervention technology, including the construction compliance rate and the effectiveness of prevention and control, to provide a basis for the next implementation of the technology at the same prevention and control site.

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