A beef cattle breeding method and system based on a breeding coefficient

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of beef cattle breeding technology, specifically relating to a method and system for beef cattle breeding based on a reproductive coefficient. The method includes: defining reproductive parameters including the number of pregnancies, duration, number of failures, and interruption time; calculating deviation values ​​based on monitoring data during pregnancy; determining pregnancy deviations and identifying the pregnancy cycle and corresponding pregnancy success rate; constructing a brooding community and setting evaluation cycles and replacement periods; replacing candidate individuals when their reproductive accuracy parameters do not meet preset reproductive standards; and determining the next batch of population update time by updating the reproductive data of the brooding community for the next evaluation cycle. This invention comprehensively considers the stability and results of the reproductive process through a reproductive coefficient, accurately reflecting the true reproductive value of individuals. By outputting information on pregnancy deviations and uncertainty nodes, timely intervention can be implemented. Through periodic evaluation and standardized culling, the reproductive efficiency of breeding cattle is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of beef cattle breeding technology, specifically relating to a method and system for beef cattle breeding based on the reproductive coefficient. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of breeding technology, reproductive management has become an effective factor in ensuring the sustainable development of the beef cattle industry. By optimizing the reproductive process, the overall production performance of the herd can be improved, thereby ensuring the healthy development of the herd.

[0003] In the management of the reproductive process, the existing technology usually uses raw production data such as calving volume collected at random or specified time points without in-depth processing when assessing the reproductive value of cows. The analysis of the data fails to identify and correct these biased data, resulting in a discrepancy between the assessment results and the cow's true reproductive potential.

[0004] Furthermore, when selecting key evaluation parameters, the parameters were not correlated with the dynamic changes of cows at different physiological stages or during the reproductive cycle. This could lead to the premature culling of cows that were in a temporary production trough but had excellent long-term potential. As a result, the breeding herd, including cows and their offspring, experienced an excessively high turnover rate, which disrupted the stability of the herd structure and made it difficult to improve overall output. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a method for breeding beef cattle based on the reproductive coefficient, which can effectively determine the reproductive accuracy and pregnancy accuracy among candidate beef cattle within the renewal cycle, ensuring a high population value within the breeding cycle.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for beef cattle reproductive management based on the reproductive coefficient includes the following steps:

[0008] Constructing cattle-producing communities involves: determining the reproductive coefficient for each beef cattle; and grouping beef cattle with the same reproductive coefficient into cattle-producing communities.

[0009] The cattle breeding community is iteratively optimized in units of evaluation cycles. When any evaluation cycle for the cattle breeding community ends, a single population update process is executed.

[0010] The process of determining the reproductive coefficient for each beef cattle includes: determining whether pregnancy deviation has occurred based on monitoring data collected during pregnancy; determining the gestation period of the beef cattle based on the start and end times of pregnancy and the determination of pregnancy deviation; calculating the pregnancy success rate corresponding to the gestation period; and determining the reproductive coefficient for the beef cattle based on the gestation period and the corresponding pregnancy success rate.

[0011] The single population update process includes: determining the reproductive accuracy parameters of candidate individuals within the evaluation period; comparing the reproductive accuracy parameters of candidate individuals with preset reproductive standards; and when the reproductive accuracy parameters do not meet the preset reproductive standards, performing a replacement operation on the candidate individuals within the replacement period set for the evaluation period, and updating the reproductive data of the cattle breeding community for use in the next evaluation period.

[0012] Preferably, determining whether a beef cattle has experienced pregnancy deviation includes:

[0013] Reproductive parameters for each beef cattle are extracted from the reproductive data, including the number of pregnancies, duration of pregnancy, number of pregnancy failures, and duration of pregnancy interruption. Based on the reproductive parameters, the changes over multiple consecutive time periods are extracted to determine the deviation between each time period and the next adjacent time period. The deviation is compared with the upper limit of fluctuation threshold and the abnormal boundary threshold to determine whether the beef cattle have experienced pregnancy deviation.

[0014] Preferably, determining the gestation period of the beef cattle includes:

[0015] Pregnancy cycles without pregnancy deviation are defined as normal cycles; pregnancy cycles with pregnancy deviation are defined as deviation cycles, where the time range of the deviation cycle includes the corresponding time range in which pregnancy deviation is judged to have occurred, i.e., the pregnancy deviation period.

[0016] Preferably, the pregnancy success rate for the normal cycle is set to 100%; the pregnancy success rate for the off-cycle is determined to be a value in the range of 0% to 100%.

[0017] Preferably, the method further includes:

[0018] Based on the gestation period and the corresponding pregnancy success rate, determine the uncertainty node information; output the reproductive coefficient and uncertainty node information of beef cattle.

[0019] Preferably, when a candidate individual has undergone multiple evaluation cycles, the parameter for determining the reproductive accuracy of the candidate individual within each evaluation cycle includes:

[0020] Obtain the reproductive accuracy parameters of candidate individuals in each evaluation period; calculate the average, maximum, and minimum values ​​of multiple reproductive accuracy parameters; select one from the average, maximum, and minimum values ​​as the baseline reproductive accuracy according to preset rules, and determine the population update time point for the next batch based on the baseline reproductive accuracy.

[0021] A beef cattle breeding management system based on the reproduction coefficient, used for iterative optimization of the cattle breeding community on an evaluation cycle basis, includes the following modules:

[0022] The reproductive activity monitoring module is used to determine the reproductive accuracy parameters of candidate individuals during the evaluation period;

[0023] The population renewal decision module is used to receive the reproductive accuracy parameters determined by the reproductive activity monitoring module at the end of the response evaluation period, and compare the reproductive accuracy parameters with the preset reproductive standards. If the reproductive accuracy parameters do not meet the preset reproductive standards, a replacement instruction is generated.

[0024] The community member replacement module is used to replace candidate individuals within the replacement period set for the evaluation cycle in response to replacement instructions generated by the population update decision module.

[0025] The breeding data update module is used to update the breeding data of the cattle breeding community based on the results of the replacement operation performed by the community member replacement module, for use in the next evaluation cycle.

[0026] Preferably, the system further includes a community building module, which is configured to build a cattle-producing community before performing iterative optimization;

[0027] The community building module includes:

[0028] The reproductive coefficient determination unit is used to determine the reproductive coefficient of each beef cattle based on its gestation cycle and corresponding pregnancy success rate.

[0029] Community classification units are used to group beef cattle with the same reproductive coefficient to form cattle-producing communities.

[0030] Preferably, the community building module further includes:

[0031] The pregnancy deviation monitoring unit is used to determine whether pregnancy deviation has occurred in beef cattle based on monitoring data collected during pregnancy, so that the reproductive coefficient determination unit can use it to determine the gestation period.

[0032] Preferably, the reproductive coefficient determination unit determines the reproductive coefficient of each beef cattle based on its gestation period and corresponding pregnancy success rate by: determining the gestation period of the beef cattle based on the start and end times of pregnancy and the result of pregnancy deviation assessment; calculating the pregnancy success rate corresponding to the gestation period; and determining the reproductive coefficient for the beef cattle based on the gestation period and corresponding pregnancy success rate.

[0033] Beneficial effects

[0034] This invention defines reproductive parameters, calculates deviation values ​​based on monitoring data during pregnancy to determine pregnancy deviation, and determines the reproductive coefficient by combining the pregnancy success rate of normal cycles and deviation cycles. This allows for a multi-dimensional dynamic evaluation of the reproductive performance of beef cattle. Furthermore, by integrating the stability and results of the reproductive process through the reproductive coefficient, it reflects the true reproductive value of an individual, thereby improving the accuracy of breeding cattle selection.

[0035] This invention continuously monitors reproductive parameters, calculates deviations between adjacent time periods and compares them with preset thresholds to determine the occurrence of pregnancy deviations and identify uncertainty nodes in the reproductive process, thus providing early warnings of reproductive abnormalities. By outputting pregnancy deviation and uncertainty node information, risk alerts can be obtained in a timely manner and interventions can be implemented.

[0036] This invention constructs a cattle breeding community based on the reproductive coefficient, and then sets an evaluation cycle and replacement period. The reproductive accuracy parameters of candidate individuals are compared with preset reproductive standards to determine the time point for the next batch of population renewal. Replacement operations are performed during the replacement period, thereby retaining superior individuals through a periodic culling process to improve the population's reproductive level. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is the iterative optimization loop flowchart provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a system module diagram provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] Example 1

[0041] Please refer to Figures 1-2 This embodiment provides a method for beef cattle breeding management based on the reproductive coefficient, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0042] Collect and structure breeding data from the electronic record archives of the target farms;

[0043] The process of collecting reproductive data includes the following steps: collecting the historical number of pregnancies for each beef cattle of breeding age, the actual duration of each pregnancy, the number of pregnancy failures resulting from events such as abortion or stillbirth, and the specific time points that led to the interruption of pregnancy; and combining the extracted historical data into structured reproductive parameters.

[0044] Specifically, beef cattle are initially grouped according to breed, age, or past reproductive performance. The structured reproductive parameters corresponding to all beef cattle in each group are then aggregated to form a set of parameters to be evaluated by category for macro-trend analysis or group assessment.

[0045] Furthermore, based on monitoring data during pregnancy, it is determined whether there is pregnancy deviation. During each pregnancy of beef cattle, sensors deployed on the cattle or in their living environment are used to continuously collect monitoring data during pregnancy, such as body temperature, daily steps and other activity levels, rumination time or changes in the level of key hormones such as progesterone, in order to determine whether the pregnancy process is stable.

[0046] Specifically, an individualized physiological baseline is established for each beef cattle. This baseline is formed by analyzing monitoring data during the same time period in multiple past gestation cycles that have been confirmed to be without abnormalities. The physiological baseline is expressed as an expected range of values ​​that varies with the number of days of gestation or a standard dynamic change curve.

[0047] During the current pregnancy cycle, real-time monitoring data collected during pregnancy is continuously compared with physiological benchmarks, and deviation values ​​are calculated according to preset quantitative rules to measure the degree of difference between the current physiological state and the normal benchmark. The deviation value can be the cumulative integral of the duration and magnitude of the actual body temperature exceeding the benchmark range within a specific time window of 72 consecutive hours.

[0048] To achieve refined hierarchical management of the degree of deviation, the calculated deviation value is compared with the upper limit threshold of fluctuation and the abnormal boundary threshold. If the deviation value is less than the upper limit threshold of fluctuation, it is determined that no pregnancy deviation has occurred; if the deviation value is greater than or equal to the abnormal boundary threshold, it is determined that a pregnancy deviation has occurred. After the judgment is completed, the electronic tag of the beef cattle is highlighted on the management terminal interface or an alarm log is generated to output the judgment result of whether the beef cattle have experienced a pregnancy deviation.

[0049] Among them, the abnormal boundary threshold is greater than the upper fluctuation threshold. The upper fluctuation threshold represents the upper limit of normal random fluctuations in the reproductive physiological cycle of beef cattle. Deviations below this value do not require intervention. The abnormal boundary threshold represents a significant abnormal boundary that may indicate potential health problems or management oversights.

[0050] If a pregnancy deviation occurs, the time range from the first deviation value exceeding the threshold to its return to within the threshold is defined as the pregnancy deviation period. This allows for the isolation or downweighting of the abnormal phase during the determination of the reproductive coefficient, thus avoiding impacting the objective assessment of the beef cattle's reproductive capacity under normal physiological conditions.

[0051] Furthermore, when a pregnancy deviation is detected or a pregnancy failure event is recorded in the reproductive data, an immediate response and correction process is triggered.

[0052] The immediate response and correction process specifically includes: performing additional ultrasound examinations to confirm fetal heart status or conducting blood sample analysis to obtain the latest hormone levels, thereby re-collecting reproductive parameters for the beef cattle to reflect their reproductive performance and production potential; and recalibrating and re-establishing their physiological cycle based on the reproductive parameters.

[0053] Then, an updated pregnancy timeline is generated, which clearly lists key pregnancy time points such as the revised and adjusted estimated estrus period, the recommended optimal insemination window, and the updated due date. This allows for dynamic adjustment of the reproductive management plan based on the latest biological information, thereby improving the success rate of subsequent reproductive operations.

[0054] Furthermore, based on the start and end times of pregnancy for each beef cattle, the complete gestation cycle is determined, and the gestation cycles are classified based on the results of the judgment on whether there is pregnancy deviation.

[0055] The specific classification criteria are as follows: a pregnancy cycle in which no pregnancy deviation occurs and a successful calving is eventually achieved is defined as a normal cycle; a pregnancy cycle in which pregnancy deviation occurs is defined as a deviation cycle, and in terms of time relationship, the total time range of the deviation cycle must include one or more pregnancy deviation periods detected within it.

[0056] Pregnancy success rate was calculated for each gestation cycle to quantify reproductive performance at different cycles. Since the definition of a normal cycle itself excludes failures and significant deviations, it corresponds to a successful pregnancy endpoint with a successful calving, and therefore its pregnancy success rate was recorded as 100%.

[0057] For the offset cycle, the pregnancy success rate is determined based on the actual calving results within that cycle. The calculated pregnancy success rate is used as a new quantitative indicator and added to the corresponding reproductive parameters of the beef cattle. This allows the success rate to be included in the calculation when generating the next parameter to be evaluated, so as to more comprehensively assess the reproductive capacity of the beef cattle.

[0058] Specifically, the pregnancy success rate is calculated as follows: the number of successful births in the cycle is divided by the total number of pregnancy attempts in the cycle, and then the percentage is calculated as the pregnancy success rate. In the specific calculation, since the number of successful births in the cycle is 0 or 1, and the total number of pregnancy attempts is 1, the success rate is 0% or 100%.

[0059] Furthermore, based on the gestation period and the corresponding pregnancy success rate, a comprehensive score is assigned to each beef cattle to quantify its long-term and stable reproductive capacity, serving as the overall reproductive coefficient, thereby identifying information on uncertain nodes.

[0060] The process of determining the overall fertility coefficient is as follows: by using a preset weighted calculation rule, the performance in all historical normal cycles and all historical deviation cycles is combined. The performance in normal cycles is counted as 100% success rate and given a high weight. The performance in deviation cycles is converted according to the actual pregnancy success rate corresponding to the deviation cycle and given a low weight. Finally, a standardized value is obtained.

[0061] The pre-defined functional relationship of the weighted calculation rule is as follows:

[0062]

[0063] In the formula, The overall reproductive coefficient represents a comprehensive quantitative score that reflects the long-term reproductive capacity of beef cattle. This represents the total number of normal cycles, which means the total number of normal cycles experienced by the beef cattle in the records. This indicates the total number of offset cycles, which means the total number of offset cycles experienced by the beef cattle in the record; ( This indicates the pregnancy success rate for each historical offset cycle; Indicates the first The pregnancy success rate in the offset cycle, meaning the pregnancy success rate in the first cycle. The calving result for each offset cycle is 1 for success and 0 for failure. This represents the weighting of the normal cycle, which means the weighting coefficient allocated to the performance during the normal cycle. It is usually set to a relatively high value. This represents the offset period weight, which is the weight coefficient assigned to the performance during the offset period. It is usually set to be lower than [the specified value]. The value;

[0064] Specifically, determining the information on uncertain nodes includes: arranging all reproductive events corresponding to the parameters to be evaluated, such as mating, pregnancy confirmation, miscarriage, and calving, in chronological order; and dividing these arranged reproductive events into multiple consecutive time periods on a quarterly or semi-annual basis.

[0065] By applying a weighted calculation rule similar to that used to determine the overall reproductive coefficient, a stage-specific reproductive coefficient reflecting the reproductive performance of beef cattle in that specific time period is calculated for each time period. Furthermore, by setting an uncertainty threshold, periods in which reproductive performance is at a critical or declining state are marked. In practical use, the uncertainty threshold is set as the minimum acceptable level of reproductive efficiency as determined by the ranch manager.

[0066] The system compares the stage reproduction coefficient calculated for each time period with a preset uncertainty threshold. If the stage reproduction coefficient calculated within a certain time period is lower than or equal to the preset uncertainty threshold, then that time period is identified as an uncertainty node. The uncertainty node is marked and output as uncertainty node information to highlight those periods that require early intervention or key attention from managers, serving as a priority basis for management decisions and resource allocation. The output is the overall reproduction coefficient and uncertainty node information calculated for the beef cattle.

[0067] Furthermore, beef cattle with the same or similar overall reproductive coefficients are classified into breeding communities to facilitate the implementation of unified management strategies and performance comparisons. A fixed evaluation cycle of 1.2 times the historical average gestation interval of the community is set for each breeding community to ensure sufficient time to observe a complete breeding process.

[0068] By defining a total evaluation period consisting of multiple sequentially connected evaluation periods of the same length as the set evaluation period, a replacement period is automatically set within 7 days after the end of each evaluation period.

[0069] Specifically, the replacement period is used to specifically replace beef cattle in the cattle breeding community that do not meet the preset breeding standards. The preset breeding standards are quantitative culling standards. In this embodiment, it is specified that the stage breeding coefficient in two consecutive evaluation cycles is lower than a certain value, or the cumulative duration of the pregnancy deviation period exceeds a certain upper limit.

[0070] Furthermore, candidate individuals are introduced into the cattle breeding community to supplement or replace existing members, and the performance of the introduced individuals is evaluated.

[0071] During the first evaluation period of the candidate individuals, their reproductive activities were continuously measured and relevant data were collected. Through a quantitative evaluation process, reproductive accuracy parameters were determined based on the reproductive activity data of the candidate individuals during the evaluation period. Specifically, the quantitative evaluation process for determining reproductive accuracy parameters is similar to that for determining reproductive coefficients.

[0072] Among them, the reproductive accuracy parameter is a comprehensive score reflecting the reproductive performance of the candidate individual during the trial operation. It is calculated by taking into account factors such as pregnancy success rate and cycle stability, and the future population management plan is dynamically adjusted based on the reproductive accuracy parameter. Specifically, the dynamic adjustment includes appropriately extending the population update time of the next batch if the reproductive accuracy parameters of multiple candidate individuals are generally high.

[0073] Furthermore, during the replacement period, the reproductive accuracy parameters of the candidate individuals are compared with the preset reproductive standards. If the candidate individual's performance is unqualified during this evaluation period, it is because the reproductive accuracy parameters are less than the preset reproductive standards. In this replacement period, a new candidate individual is selected from the reserve herd to replace the unqualified candidate individual.

[0074] The specific date and time of the replacement operation are used as the replacement point. The member list and breeding database of the cattle breeding community are updated with the data of the new candidate individuals to ensure that the latest population information is used in subsequent evaluation cycles.

[0075] Furthermore, to conduct a longer-term and fairer evaluation of candidate individuals, a multi-period evaluation mechanism is established: if a candidate individual successfully survives and goes through multiple evaluation periods, the reproductive accuracy parameters of the candidate individual in each evaluation period are obtained to form a time series; the average, maximum and minimum values ​​of multiple reproductive accuracy parameters are calculated, and their standard deviations are calculated.

[0076] According to the preset selection rules, based on the reproductive accuracy parameter sequence and its stability of candidate individuals over multiple evaluation periods, a benchmark value representing their overall reproductive level is selected from the average, maximum and minimum values ​​as the benchmark reproductive accuracy of the candidate individual; and the statistically determined maximum value is used to identify individuals with high reproductive potential but unstable performance for breeding decision reference.

[0077] Specifically, the preset selection rules are the core of achieving differentiated and risk control management. The judgment logic is as follows: for individuals whose standard deviation of historical reproductive accuracy parameter sequence is less than the preset stability threshold, it indicates that their performance is stable, so the average value is used as their benchmark reproductive accuracy; for individuals whose standard deviation is greater than the stability threshold, it indicates that their performance fluctuates greatly, so in order to carry out risk control, the minimum value is used as their benchmark reproductive accuracy to reflect their worst performance.

[0078] The functional relationships of the preset selection rules for determining the baseline reproduction accuracy include:

[0079] First, calculate the sample standard deviation.

[0080] Then, a baseline breeding precision is generated based on the preset selection rules.

[0081]

[0082] In the formula, The baseline reproductive accuracy represents the score of a candidate individual's long-term and stable reproductive level. For each candidate individual, the sequence of reproductive accuracy parameters over n evaluation periods; where, For the first The reproductive accuracy parameter for the [number]th cycle represents the reproductive accuracy of a candidate individual in the [number]th cycle. Reproductive performance scores obtained within each evaluation period;

[0083] The total number of evaluation cycles represents the total number of evaluation cycles experienced by a candidate individual. A preset stability threshold is used as a critical value to determine whether the volatility of the reproductive accuracy parameter sequence is significant.

[0084] Based on the established baseline reproductive accuracy, the next population update time point for the individual in the future overall assessment period is determined. For example, the time point when an individual with high baseline reproductive accuracy is included in the replacement assessment process can be automatically postponed; conversely, an individual with low baseline reproductive accuracy will be marked and given priority for replacement at a more recent population update time point. By parametrically processing and quantitatively evaluating the entire reproductive cycle, and utilizing the deviation between reproductive data and real-time physiological state, a beef cattle replacement strategy and community building scheme can be established, thereby continuously improving the herd's reproductive level and maintaining herd productivity.

[0085] Example 2

[0086] Please refer to Figure 3 This embodiment provides a beef cattle breeding management system based on the reproductive coefficient. The system continuously collects and aggregates the reproductive data of each beef cattle through IoT sensors such as body temperature and activity level monitors installed on the cattle, RFID identification devices, and a manual input interface. The system includes the following modules:

[0087] The community building module, which is invoked before iterative optimization, initializes and builds a structured cattle-producing community. This module includes the following units:

[0088] The pregnancy deviation monitoring unit is used to determine whether a beef cattle has experienced pregnancy deviation based on the collected monitoring data during pregnancy. It extracts reproductive parameters from the reproductive data, such as the number of historical pregnancies, the actual duration of each pregnancy, the number of pregnancy failures, and the specific time points of pregnancy interruption for each beef cattle.

[0089] The pregnancy deviation monitoring unit analyzes the changes of reproductive parameters over multiple consecutive time periods to determine the deviation between each time period and the next. Then, by comparing the calculated deviation with preset upper limit thresholds for fluctuation and abnormal boundary thresholds, it determines whether the beef cattle have experienced pregnancy deviation in a specific historical period.

[0090] The reproductive coefficient determination unit is used to determine an overall reproductive coefficient for each beef cattle to quantify its reproductive potential. It receives the judgment results output by the pregnancy deviation monitoring unit and divides the entire reproductive history of a beef cattle into different pregnancy cycles based on the judgment results.

[0091] Based on all gestation cycles and corresponding pregnancy success rates of each beef cattle, the overall reproductive coefficient is calculated and determined using a preset weighted calculation rule. In the process of determining the overall reproductive coefficient, the reproductive coefficient determination unit identifies and outputs uncertainty node information for periods with missing or abnormal data for reference.

[0092] Specifically, the pregnancy success rate in a normal cycle is 100%, while the pregnancy success rate in a deviated cycle is 0% or 100% depending on factors such as the severity of the deviation.

[0093] The community classification unit is used to construct cattle-producing communities using the overall reproductive coefficient. It receives the overall reproductive coefficient of all beef cattle and automatically classifies beef cattle with the same or similar overall reproductive coefficient into one category, thereby forming one or more cattle-producing communities. This allows individuals with similar reproductive performance to be managed centrally, providing clear and homogeneous management objects for subsequent iterative optimization.

[0094] The reproductive activity monitoring module is used to continuously run in the iterative optimization process based on evaluation cycles. At the end of each evaluation cycle, the performance of candidate individuals in the community is evaluated. At the end of an evaluation cycle, for a specified candidate individual, the key indicators for measuring its current reproductive performance in that cycle are determined as reproductive accuracy parameters.

[0095] When a candidate individual has gone through multiple evaluation cycles, the reproductive activity monitoring module obtains the reproductive accuracy parameters of the candidate individual in each historical evaluation cycle, and performs statistical analysis on these parameters, such as calculating their average, maximum and minimum values. Based on the preset selection rules, it selects one of the statistical values ​​as the benchmark reproductive accuracy, which serves as a comprehensive reflection of the current performance and is used to determine the population update time point for the next batch.

[0096] The population renewal decision module is activated at the evaluation node of each evaluation cycle and receives the reproductive accuracy parameters of candidate individuals determined by the reproductive activity monitoring module. Then, the reproductive accuracy parameters are compared with the preset reproductive standards that represent the minimum performance threshold required to maintain the overall reproductive efficiency of the community.

[0097] When the comparison results show that the reproductive accuracy parameter of the candidate individual fails to meet the preset reproductive standard, it indicates that the individual's reproductive performance is poor, and the population update decision module generates a replacement instruction for the candidate individual.

[0098] The community member replacement module is used to respond to replacement instructions during the replacement period to perform replacement operations on candidate individuals;

[0099] The replacement operation includes updating the individual's status identifier, marking it as to be eliminated or removed from the breeding population, and triggering the corresponding management process of notifying ranch managers to physically isolate or sell it.

[0100] The breeding data update module is used to update the breeding data of the cattle breeding community after the replacement operation is completed. It removes the relevant data records of the replaced individuals from the community's database or archives them to the historical database. At this time, if a new replacement heifer is added to the community, its initial data is entered into the current community's breeding database, and the updated breeding data is provided for the next evaluation cycle.

[0101] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are merely some specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and many variations are possible. All variations that can be directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of this invention should be considered within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for beef cattle reproductive management based on the reproductive coefficient, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Constructing cattle-producing communities involves: determining the reproductive coefficient for each beef cattle; and grouping beef cattle with the same reproductive coefficient into cattle-producing communities. The cattle breeding community is iteratively optimized in units of evaluation cycles. When any evaluation cycle for the cattle breeding community ends, a single population update process is executed. The process of determining the reproductive coefficient for each beef cattle includes: determining whether pregnancy deviation has occurred based on monitoring data collected during pregnancy; determining the gestation period of the beef cattle based on the start and end times of pregnancy and the determination of pregnancy deviation; calculating the pregnancy success rate corresponding to the gestation period; and determining the reproductive coefficient for the beef cattle based on the gestation period and the corresponding pregnancy success rate. The single population update process includes: determining the reproductive accuracy parameters of candidate individuals within the evaluation period; comparing the reproductive accuracy parameters of candidate individuals with preset reproductive standards; and when the reproductive accuracy parameters do not meet the preset reproductive standards, performing a replacement operation on the candidate individuals within the replacement period set for the evaluation period, and updating the reproductive data of the cattle breeding community for use in the next evaluation period.

2. A method for breeding beef cattle based on the reproductive coefficient according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of whether a beef cattle has experienced pregnancy deviation includes: Reproductive parameters for each beef cattle are extracted from the reproductive data, including the number of pregnancies, duration of pregnancy, number of pregnancy failures, and duration of pregnancy interruption. Based on the reproductive parameters, the changes over multiple consecutive time periods are extracted to determine the deviation between each time period and the next adjacent time period. The deviation is compared with the upper limit threshold of fluctuation and the abnormal boundary threshold to determine whether the beef cattle have experienced pregnancy deviation.

3. A method for breeding beef cattle based on the reproductive coefficient according to claim 2, characterized in that, Determining the gestation period of beef cattle includes: Pregnancy cycles without pregnancy deviation are defined as normal cycles; pregnancy cycles with pregnancy deviation are defined as deviation cycles, where the time range of the deviation cycle includes the corresponding time range in which pregnancy deviation is judged to have occurred, i.e., the pregnancy deviation period.

4. A method for breeding beef cattle based on the reproductive coefficient according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pregnancy success rate for a normal cycle was set at 100%; the pregnancy success rate for a deviated cycle was determined to be a value ranging from 0% to 100%.

5. A method for breeding beef cattle based on the reproductive coefficient according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the gestation period and the corresponding pregnancy success rate, determine the uncertainty node information; output the reproductive coefficient and uncertainty node information of beef cattle.

6. A method for breeding beef cattle based on the reproductive coefficient according to claim 1, characterized in that, When a candidate individual has undergone multiple evaluation cycles, the parameters for determining the reproductive accuracy of the candidate individual within each evaluation cycle include: Obtain the reproductive accuracy parameters of candidate individuals in each evaluation period; calculate the average, maximum, and minimum values ​​of multiple reproductive accuracy parameters; select one from the average, maximum, and minimum values ​​as the baseline reproductive accuracy according to preset rules, and determine the population update time point for the next batch based on the baseline reproductive accuracy.

7. A beef cattle breeding management system based on the reproductive coefficient, characterized in that, It is used for iterative optimization of cattle-producing communities on an evaluation cycle basis, and includes the following modules: The reproductive activity monitoring module is used to determine the reproductive accuracy parameters of candidate individuals during the evaluation period; The population renewal decision module is used to receive the reproductive accuracy parameters determined by the reproductive activity monitoring module at the end of the response evaluation period, and compare the reproductive accuracy parameters with the preset reproductive standards. If the reproductive accuracy parameters do not meet the preset reproductive standards, a replacement instruction is generated. The community member replacement module is used to replace candidate individuals within the replacement period set for the evaluation cycle in response to replacement instructions generated by the population update decision module. The breeding data update module is used to update the breeding data of the cattle breeding community based on the results of the replacement operation performed by the community member replacement module, for use in the next evaluation cycle.

8. A beef cattle breeding management system based on the reproductive coefficient according to claim 7, characterized in that, The system also includes a community building module, which is configured to build cattle-producing communities before performing iterative optimization. The community building module includes: The reproductive coefficient determination unit is used to determine the reproductive coefficient of each beef cattle based on its gestation cycle and corresponding pregnancy success rate. Community classification units are used to group beef cattle with the same reproductive coefficient to form cattle-producing communities.

9. A beef cattle breeding management system based on reproductive coefficient according to claim 8, characterized in that, The community building module also includes: The pregnancy deviation monitoring unit is used to determine whether pregnancy deviation has occurred in beef cattle based on monitoring data collected during pregnancy, so that the reproductive coefficient determination unit can use it to determine the gestation period.

10. A beef cattle breeding management system based on the reproductive coefficient according to claim 8, characterized in that, The reproductive coefficient determination unit determines the reproductive coefficient of each beef cattle based on its gestation period and corresponding pregnancy success rate, including: determining the gestation period of the beef cattle based on the start and end times of pregnancy and the result of pregnancy deviation assessment; calculating the pregnancy success rate corresponding to the gestation period; and determining the reproductive coefficient for the beef cattle based on the gestation period and corresponding pregnancy success rate.

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