A bank water level mutation early warning control method, system and device

Abstract

This invention discloses a method, system, and device for early warning and control of sudden changes in river level, relating to the field of water level early warning technology. The invention uses an ultrasonic water level probe installed on the downstream bank of a power station dam to continuously collect river water level data in real time using a non-contact method. The river water level is wirelessly transmitted to a shipping management center, where the maximum, minimum, and rate of change of the water level are calculated, analyzed, and judged in real time. When the water level exceeds a pre-set limit, an audible and color alarm is issued, and the shipping management center promptly alerts vessels within the impact range of the spillway wave to take emergency measures. Simultaneously, detailed water level change information is collected. This invention can promptly alert vessels within the impact range of the spillway wave to take appropriate emergency measures, and the collected detailed water level change information can provide detailed basic data for other research related to spillway waves.

Description

[0001] This application is the following application.

[0002] The application number is: 202010269964.1

[0003] Application date: April 8, 2020

[0004] The application is titled: A divisional application for a shore-based water level change early warning control system, method, and device. Technical Field

[0005] This invention relates to the field of water level early warning technology, and more specifically to a method, system and device for early warning and control of sudden changes in water level on shore. Background Technology

[0006] Currently, the closest existing technologies address the unpredictability of water levels caused by daily regulation after the operation of hydropower stations, the discharge waves and sudden changes in water level resulting from flood discharge, and the inherent unpredictability of water levels during peak shaving and flood discharge. Information such as the discharge flow from hydropower stations is primarily disseminated through communication between the power generation department and the shipping management department, supplemented by online dissemination; the initiative rests entirely with the power generation department. In special operating conditions of power stations, such as flood discharge or black start-up, poor or untimely communication between the two parties can easily lead to maritime accidents. This causes significant inconvenience and numerous safety hazards for ship navigation, especially for vessels downstream of the power station, including navigation, berthing, and operations.

[0007] The Bank Water Mutation Early Warning System (BWMS) provided by this invention is applicable to warnings of non-steady flow caused by daily regulation after the operation of a hydropower station, water discharge waves and water level changes caused by flood discharge, and the unpredictability of power station peak regulation and flood discharge, which bring great inconvenience and numerous safety hazards to ship navigation, especially ships downstream of the power station for navigation, docking and operation.

[0008] In summary, the existing technology has the following problems: it cannot monitor the downstream water level of the hydropower station in real time, and it cannot issue timely early warnings to downstream ships. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of this, the present invention provides a method, system and device for early warning and control of sudden changes in shore water level.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for early warning and control of sudden changes in shore-based water levels includes the following steps: The river water level is continuously and in real time collected in a non-contact manner by using an ultrasonic water level probe installed on the bank close to the downstream side of the power station dam. Wirelessly transmit the river channel water level to the shipping management center, and calculate, analyze, and judge the maximum value, minimum value, and change rate of the water level in real time; When it exceeds a certain preset limit, sound alarms and color alarms are issued. The shipping management center then promptly reminds the ships within the influence range of the discharge water wave to pay attention and take emergency measures. At the same time, detailed water level change information is collected.

[0011] Optionally, when it exceeds a certain preset limit, sound alarms and color alarms are issued, which specifically include the following steps: When the early warning system is working properly, according to the actual distance h measured by the water level probe hDI to the water surface, the calculation formula for the actual water level elevation hW is obtained: hW = hDI - h; When the water level elevation is greater than the alarm high water level hWH, that is, hW > hWH, where the alarm high water level hWH = the height hDl of the probe to the distance hH from the probe to the alarm high water level, that is, hWH = hDI - hH; the system emits a rapid alarm sound, and at the same time, the displayed water level numbers and graphics turn red. When the water level elevation is less than the alarm high water level, the alarm sound is eliminated, and the displayed numbers and graphics colors return to normal; When the early warning system is working properly, according to the actual distance h measured by the water level probe to the water surface, the calculation formula for the actual water level elevation hW is obtained: hW = hDI - h; When the water level elevation is less than the alarm low water level hWL, that is: hW < hWL; where the alarm low water level hWL = the height hDI of the probe to the distance hL from the probe to the alarm low water level, that is, hWL = hDI - hL; the system emits a slow alarm sound, and at the same time, the displayed water level numbers and graphics turn green. When the water level elevation is less than the alarm high water level, the alarm sound is eliminated, and the displayed numbers and graphics colors return to normal; Detect the water level at a certain interval to obtain the change rate v of the water level. Let the sampling time interval be dt, with the unit of seconds. The calculation formula for the hourly water level change rate is: v = (hR2 - hR1) × 3600 / dt; When the water level change rate is greater than the alarm change rate, the system emits a rapid alarm sound, and at the same time, the displayed water level change rate numbers and graphics turn red.

[0012] An onshore water level sudden change early warning control system based on the onshore water level sudden change early warning control method described in any one of the claims, including: A data acquisition module, where the ultrasonic water level probe acquires data through non-contact water level acquisition; A data conversion module, used to convert the collected data signal into a 4-20mA current signal; A data input module, used to input the converted signal into a computer; A water level calibration module is used to calibrate the ultrasonic water level sensor; The data processing module is used to filter and organize the data from the water level gauge; determine whether the alarm value is exceeded; if the alarm parameter is exceeded, the system will sound an alarm and the corresponding text and graphics on the computer screen will turn red; when the water level data returns to normal, the sound alarm will automatically be deactivated and the text on the screen will return to normal display. The analog sampling module is used to convert the processed signal into a 16-bit digital signal via an A / D converter; The wireless transmission module is used to transmit the data processed by the lower-level machine via GPRS. The data receiving module is used to receive data transmitted from the lower-level machine via GPRS over the Internet; The self-diagnosis module is used for self-diagnosis of the software and hardware system; The parameter setting module is used to set various parameters of the overall system. The file system module is used to manage various data, create corresponding files, and perform operations such as reading, saving, and modifying. The fitting module is used to eliminate random errors and prevent the system from issuing false alarms. The alarm module is used to control the alarm of the entire system. If the relevant data exceeds the specified value, it instructs the alarm to emit sound and graphic alarm signals. The data display module is used to display data such as date, time, freeboard height (port and starboard), and water level variation in real time. The image display module is used to display image data in real time. The table display module is used to display table information in real time.

[0013] A shore-based water level change early warning device based on any one of the shore-based water level change early warning control methods, wherein the shore-based water level change early warning device is equipped with: Ultrasonic water level sensor, wireless water level gauge, industrial control computer, GPRS transmitter, computer, voltmeter, antenna, power indicator, switch, alarm, slave computer, water level probe; The front of the wireless water level meter housing is fitted with a voltmeter and a power switch. Inside the wireless water level meter housing, an industrial control computer and a GPRS transmitter are fixed with screws. The middle of the back of the wireless water level meter housing is fitted with a water level probe interface and a 24V power interface. The right end of the back of the wireless water level meter housing is fitted with a 220V power interface. The upper surface of the wireless water level gauge housing is equipped with a touch screen, which is connected to the industrial control computer. The GPRS transmitter is connected to the host computer via a wireless signal, and the host computer is connected to an alarm. The water level probe interface is connected to an ultrasonic water level sensor via a data line.

[0014] Optionally, a power indicator light electrically connected to the power switch is embedded on the upper side of the power switch.

[0015] Optionally, the 220V power interface is internally connected to a 2A fuse.

[0016] Optionally, an antenna connected to a GPRS transmitter is embedded on the back of the wireless water level gauge housing; a reserved interface is embedded on the left side of the back of the wireless water level gauge housing.

[0017] Optionally, the water level probe can be installed as follows: Before installing the equipment, a mounting platform is built, and then the mounting bracket is fixed on the platform. The water level probe is installed on the bracket, the wireless water level meter is placed on the platform, and the corresponding transmission cables are connected. After powering on, the remote part of the shore-based water level change early warning system can work normally.

[0018] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a method, system and device for early warning and control of sudden changes in water level on the bank. By setting up on the bank close to the downstream of the power station dam, the system continuously collects the river water level in real time and transmits it wirelessly to the shipping management center. The system calculates, analyzes and judges the maximum value, minimum value and rate of change of the water level in real time. When the water level exceeds a certain preset limit, an audible alarm and a color alarm are issued. The shipping management center can then promptly remind ships within the range of the spillway wave to pay attention and take appropriate emergency measures. At the same time, the detailed water level change information collected can provide detailed basic data for other research on spillway waves. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the shore-based water level change early warning and control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a general block diagram of the design of the shore-based water level change early warning and control system provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shore-based water level change early warning device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the front panel structure of the wireless water level gauge provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rear panel structure of the wireless water level gauge provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the shore-based water level sudden change early warning device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a pin connection circuit diagram of an ultrasonic water level sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a diagram of the main interface of the shore-based water level change early warning control system provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the file menu of the shore-based water level change early warning control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the open file menu of the shore-based water level change early warning control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the debugging parameter menu for the shore-based water level change early warning control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the channel detection menu of the shore-based water level change early warning control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the date and time zone of the shore-based water level change early warning control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the data display area of ​​the shore-based water level change early warning control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the graphic display area of ​​the shore-based water level change early warning control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the limit value display area of ​​the shore-based water level change early warning control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the command area of ​​the shore-based water level change early warning control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 18This is a schematic diagram illustrating the viewing of historical data for the shore-based water level change early warning control system provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0038] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the system parameter settings for shore-based water level change early warning control provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] This invention provides early warning of the significant inconvenience and numerous safety hazards to ship navigation, especially for ships downstream of the power station, caused by the non-steady flow resulting from daily regulation after the operation of the hydropower station, the discharge waves and sudden changes in water level formed by flood discharge, the unpredictability of peak regulation and flood discharge.

[0041] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the shore-based water level change early warning and control system provided in this embodiment of the invention includes: The data acquisition module uses an ultrasonic water level probe to acquire data through non-contact water level monitoring. The data conversion module is used to convert the acquired data signals into 4-20mA current signals; The data input module is used to input the converted signal into the computer; A water level calibration module is used to calibrate the ultrasonic water level sensor; The data processing module is used to filter and organize the data from the water level gauge; determine whether the alarm value is exceeded; if the alarm parameter is exceeded, the system will sound an alarm and the corresponding text and graphics on the computer screen will turn red; when the water level data returns to normal, the sound alarm will automatically be deactivated and the text on the screen will return to normal display. The analog sampling module is used to convert the processed signal into a 16-bit digital signal via an A / D converter; The wireless transmission module is used to transmit the data processed by the lower-level machine via GPRS. The data receiving module is used to receive data transmitted from the lower-level machine via GPRS over the Internet; The self-diagnosis module is used for self-diagnosis of the software and hardware system; The parameter setting module is used to set various parameters of the overall system. The file system module is used to manage various data, create corresponding files, and perform operations such as reading, saving, and modifying. The fitting module is used to eliminate random errors and prevent the system from issuing false alarms. The alarm module is used to control the alarm of the entire system. If the relevant data exceeds the specified value, it instructs the alarm to emit sound and graphic alarm signals. The data display module is used to display data such as date, time, freeboard height (port and starboard), and water level variation in real time. The image display module is used to display image data in real time. The table display module is used to display table information in real time.

[0042] The alarm module provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a high water level alarm unit, a low water level alarm unit, and a rate of change alarm unit; The high water level alarm unit specifically includes: When the early warning system is working normally, the actual water level elevation hW is obtained from the actual distance h from the water level probe to the water surface. h W = h DI - h; When the water level is higher than the alarm high water level hWH, that is: hWH = hDI - hH; The system emits a rapid alarm sound, and the displayed water level numbers and graphics turn red. When the water level is lower than the alarm high water level, the alarm sound stops, and the displayed numbers and graphics return to normal color. The low water level alarm unit specifically includes: When the early warning system is working normally, the actual water level elevation hW is obtained from the actual distance h from the water level probe to the water surface. h W = h DI - h; When the water level is lower than the alarm low water level hWL, that is: hWL = hDI - hL; The system emits a slow alarm sound, and the displayed water level numbers and graphics turn green. When the water level is lower than the alarm high water level, the alarm sound stops, and the displayed numbers and graphics return to normal color. The variable rate alarm unit specifically includes: The water level is measured at regular intervals to obtain the rate of change v of the water level. Let the sampling time interval be dt, with the unit being seconds. The formula for calculating the rate of change of water level per hour (unit: m / h) is as follows: v = (h R2 - h R1) × 3600 / dt; When the rate of change of water level exceeds the alarm rate, the system emits a rapid alarm sound, and the displayed starboard freeboard numbers and graphics turn red. When the starboard freeboard height is less than the alarm starboard freeboard height, the alarm sound is silenced, and the displayed numbers and graphics return to normal color.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, the shore-based water level change early warning device provided in this embodiment of the invention includes: an ultrasonic water level sensor, a wireless water level gauge, an industrial control computer, a GPRS transmitter, a computer, a voltmeter, an antenna, a power indicator, a switch, an alarm, a lower-level computer, and a water level probe.

[0044] The front of the wireless water level gauge housing is fitted with a voltmeter and a power switch. Inside the wireless water level gauge housing, an industrial control computer and a GPRS transmitter are fixed with screws. The middle of the back of the wireless water level gauge housing is fitted with a water level probe interface and a 24V power interface. The right end of the back of the wireless water level gauge housing is fitted with a 220V power interface. The upper surface of the wireless water level gauge housing is equipped with a touch screen, which is connected to the industrial control computer. The GPRS transmitter connects to the host computer via wireless signal, and the host computer is connected to an alarm. The water level probe interface is connected to an ultrasonic water level sensor via a data line.

[0045] The installation method for the water level probe is as follows: Before installing the equipment, first build an installation platform, then fix the mounting bracket on the platform, install the water level probe on the bracket, place the wireless water level meter on the platform, connect the corresponding transmission cable, and after powering on, the remote part of the shore-based water level change early warning system can work normally.

[0046] Preferably, a power indicator light, which is electrically connected to the power switch, is embedded on the upper side of the power switch to display the on / off status of the power switch.

[0047] As a preferred option, the 220V power interface has an internal 2A fuse to prevent short circuits from damaging internal components.

[0048] Preferably, the back of the wireless water level gauge housing is equipped with an antenna that connects to the GPRS transmitter. The antenna can improve the stability and transmission distance of the GPRS transmitter signal.

[0049] Preferably, a reserved interface is embedded on the left side of the back of the wireless water level gauge housing.

[0050] The shore-based water level change early warning and control method provided in this embodiment of the invention is as follows: The ultrasonic water level probe acquires data through non-contact water level acquisition, then converts it into the required signal through a dedicated data conversion module and inputs it into a computer. The shipborne water level change early warning system processes the input data and determines whether it exceeds the alarm value. If it exceeds the alarm parameter, the system issues an alarm sound, and the corresponding text and graphics on the computer screen turn red. When the water level data returns to normal, the sound alarm is automatically deactivated, and the text on the screen returns to normal display.

[0051] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0052] 1. System Overview

[0053] The Bank Water Mutation Early Warning System (BWMS) provided in this embodiment of the invention is applicable to warnings of non-steady flow caused by daily regulation after the operation of a hydropower station, water discharge waves and water level changes caused by flood discharge, and the unpredictability of power station peak regulation and flood discharge, which bring great inconvenience and numerous safety hazards to ship navigation, especially ships downstream of the power station for navigation, docking and operation.

[0054] The system provided in this invention uses an advanced ultrasonic water level probe as the sensor. It employs China Mobile GPRS as the wireless data transmission method for water level data. Since the China Mobile GPRS network covers all provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China, reaching over 240 cities, it provides signal coverage even in many remote areas, making it particularly suitable for water level monitoring of various rivers. This invention consists of hardware and software components. The hardware component includes an ultrasonic water level sensor, a water level gauge, an industrial control computer, a GPRS transmitter, a computer, an alarm, and related connecting cables. (See attached document.) Figure 3 .

[0055] This invention is divided into hardware and software components. The software component includes a data input module, a data processing module, a file system module, a parameter setting module, an alarm module, a self-diagnosis module, and a water level calibration module. An ultrasonic water level sensor acquires data through non-contact water level monitoring, then converts it into the required signal via a dedicated data conversion module before inputting it into the computer. The shipborne water level change early warning system processes the input data, determines whether it exceeds the alarm value, and if it does, the system issues an alarm sound, and the corresponding text and graphics on the computer screen turn red. When the water level data returns to normal, the alarm sound automatically dissipates, and the text on the screen returns to normal display. The software component is the system's control center. Its overall task is to achieve wireless transmission, real-time processing, real-time calculation, real-time judgment, and automatic alarm of water level information. Its main task is to preprocess the collected water level data using a lower-level computer and transmit it to the computer (upper-level computer) via GPRS. The computer analyzes and calculates the data transmitted from the lower-level computer and issues alarm signals as needed.

[0056] The hardware mainly consists of four parts: data acquisition, analog-to-digital conversion, wireless data transmission, and a computer monitoring and alarm center. Under the control of the lower-level computer, the ultrasonic water level sensor starts working. The data acquisition part measures the water level of the probe and converts the measured signal into a 4-20mA current signal. Then, the water level instrument data processing module performs filtering and processing on the sampled data. The analog sampling module converts this signal into a 16-bit digital quantity via A / D conversion. Subsequently, the water level data is transmitted via GPRS through the data transmission unit. The computer in the remote central control center receives the water level data via the Internet. The shore-based water level change early warning system (BWMS) software calculates and processes this water level data and issues corresponding alarm signals.

[0057] Before installing the equipment, a mounting platform is built, and then the mounting bracket is fixed on the platform. The water level probe is installed on the bracket, the wireless water level meter is placed on the platform, and the corresponding transmission cables are connected. After powering on, the remote part of the shore-based water level change early warning system can work normally.

[0058] The computer is primarily responsible for displaying, recording, querying, generating reports, and printing various data; parameter setting; gate commands; alarms; and communication with water level gauges. Therefore, software development must fully reflect human-centered design. This system utilizes hybrid language programming techniques. Microsoft Visual Basic (VB) and Microsoft Visual C++ (VC) are used as software development tools. VB serves as the development platform for interface and data processing functions, while VC is the development platform for the data acquisition section. WinCE is used as the operating system for the lower-level machine. Windows CE is a 32-bit embedded operating system designed by Microsoft specifically for non-PC fields such as mobile devices, consumer electronics, and embedded applications. It features preemptive multitasking, good real-time performance, powerful communication capabilities, and an excellent graphical user interface. It also boasts many high-performance and high-efficiency operating system features, including on-demand paging, shared memory, cross-processing synchronization, and support for large heaps.

[0059] The computer can display data such as water level elevation and water level variability, along with the corresponding date and time. It displays water level data graphically, showing red when the water level exceeds the alarm high level, green when it falls below the alarm low level, and black when the water level is normal. It also displays the maximum and minimum water level values ​​within a specified time period, along with the corresponding times. Users can also set parameters such as alarm point name, water level coordinates, time coordinates, water level parameters, probe installation base point, and variability unit.

[0060] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the wireless water level gauge provided in this embodiment of the invention is used as follows: 1) First, connect the ultrasonic water level sensor to the [Probe 1] interface on the rear panel.

[0061] 2) Connect the portable wireless water level meter to a 220V AC power supply and observe the voltage indicator on the chassis. The voltage indication should be 24V, and the deviation should not be greater than 2 volts.

[0062] 3) Check if the GPRS antenna on the rear panel is properly connected.

[0063] 4) The wireless water level gauge provides a touch screen and operating software to receive data.

[0064] 5) After observing and finding no abnormalities, turn the switch to the "on" position. At this time, the indicator light will illuminate, indicating that the water level gauge is powered on and the computer can collect data through the water level gauge.

[0065] 6) To prevent equipment damage, do not plug or unplug the ultrasonic water level probe cable while the system is powered on.

[0066] like Figure 7 The diagram shown is a schematic of the pin connection of an ultrasonic water level sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The parameters of the ultrasonic water level sensor are as follows. Operating voltage Vs: 15-30VDC Scan range limitation SDE (key): 100~1000mm Load resistance (when Vs>24VDC): ≤800Ω Scan range limitation SDC (key): 100~1000mm Power consumption: <55mA Load current: 20mA Short circuit: will Reverse polarity protection: Yes Standby: LED yellow-red Temperature range: -10~60℃ Protection rating: IP67 Repeatability: ≤0.5mm Temperature drift: ≤2% So.

[0067] 2. System Design Principles and Related Technologies

[0068] 2.1 System Working Principle

[0069] Based on functional requirements and system design principles, our system mainly consists of four parts: data acquisition, analog-to-digital conversion, wireless data transmission, and a computer monitoring and alarm center. After power-on, under the control of the lower-level computer, the sensors begin operation. The data acquisition section measures the water level and converts the measured signal into a 4-20mA current signal. The water level gauge data processing module then filters and processes the sampled data. The analog sampling module converts this signal into a 16-bit digital signal via an A / D converter. The data transmission unit then transmits the water level data via GPRS. At the remote central control center, the computer receives the water level data via the internet. The shore-based water level change early warning system (BWMS) software calculates and processes this water level data and issues corresponding alarm signals. (See...) Figure 6 .

[0070] (1) Probe installation

[0071] Before installing the equipment, a mounting platform is built, and then the mounting bracket is fixed on the platform. The water level probe is installed on the bracket, the wireless water level meter is placed on the platform, and the corresponding transmission cables are connected. After powering on, the remote part of the shore-based water level change early warning system can work normally.

[0072] (2) High water level alarm

[0073] When the early warning system is working normally, the actual water level elevation hW can be calculated based on the actual distance h from the water level probe to the water surface. hW = hDI - h; When the water level is higher than the alarm high water level hWH, that is: hWH = hDI - hH; The system emits a rapid alarm sound, and the displayed water level numbers and graphics turn red. When the water level is lower than the alarm high level, the alarm sound stops, and the displayed numbers and graphics return to normal color.

[0074] (3) Low water level alarm

[0075] When the early warning system is working normally, the actual water level elevation hW can be calculated based on the actual distance h from the water level probe to the water surface. h W = h DI - h; When the water level is lower than the alarm low water level hWL, that is: hWL = hDI - hL; The system emits a slow alarm sound, and the displayed water level numbers and graphics turn green. When the water level is lower than the alarm high level, the alarm sound stops, and the displayed numbers and graphics return to normal color.

[0076] (4) Rate alarm

[0077] By monitoring the water level at regular intervals, the rate of change of the water level, v, can be obtained. Let the sampling time interval be dt, in seconds. The formula for calculating the rate of change of water level per hour (in m / h) is as follows: v = (h R2 - h R1) × 3600 / dt; When the rate of change of water level exceeds the alarm rate, the system emits a rapid alarm sound, and the displayed starboard freeboard numbers and graphics turn red. When the starboard freeboard height is less than the alarm starboard freeboard height, the alarm sound is silenced, and the displayed numbers and graphics return to normal color.

[0078] 2.2 System Features

[0079] This invention is a typical remote wireless monitoring and control system, involving multiple disciplines such as automatic control, wireless communication, data acquisition, intelligent detection, and acoustics. During the research process, control accuracy and reliability were closely linked to the economic efficiency of equipment selection, achieving the integration of data acquisition and monitoring terminals.

[0080] The system's main features include: (1) The system has high precision, good reliability, and a high degree of automation; (2) The adoption of GPRS wireless communication technology has solved the problem of digital data transmission in remote areas; (3) Using WINCE as the operating system of the lower-level machine makes the lower-level machine small in size, light in weight, easy to carry and easy to operate; (4) The system software and hardware adopt a modular structure, making the construction of the test system more flexible and convenient than the traditional method, and the data processing is faster, which provides convenience for future system maintenance and system function expansion. (5) The system computer implements automatic alarm control, which is simple and convenient to operate; (6) The measured power sampling, filtering and shaping techniques are used to process the data, and the computer performs fitting analysis on the water level data. The system runs stably and has a low error rate. (7) The control center has designed a visual intelligent management and control software with a good human-machine interface and powerful data management functions.

[0081] (8) The system software adopts an object-oriented programming approach and uses a combination of multiple programming languages. The software system is structured, highly modular, and easy to maintain.

[0082] 2.3 Main Functions of the System

[0083] The main functions of the system are: (1) Automatic collection, transmission, display, and storage of water level information; (2) When the water level is higher than the alarm high water level or lower than the alarm low water level, and the water level variability exceeds the standard, different alarm signals are issued. (3) The collected water level data is stored on the disk in the form of files and can be played back at any time; (4) It can calibrate ultrasonic water level probes; (5) A comprehensive help system allows users to get help from the software at any time if they have any questions.

[0084] 2.4 Ultrasonic water level measurement technology

[0085] 2.5GPRS wireless data transmission technology

[0086] 2.5.1 Generation of GPRS

[0087] GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is a mobile packet data service developed based on the existing GSM mobile communication system. GPRS introduces packet switching functionality into the GSM digital mobile communication network to enable data transmission in packet mode. The GPRS system can be viewed as a service extension of the original GSM circuit-switched system to support mobile users' needs to access the Internet or other packet data networks using packet data mobile terminals.

[0088] Digital cellular mobile communication, primarily based on GSM and CDMA, and packet data communication, primarily based on the Internet, are currently the two fastest-growing industries in the information sector, and they are showing a trend of mutual convergence. GPRS can be seen as the first step in the convergence of mobile communication and packet data communication.

[0089] While mobile communications continue to develop its voice services, support for IP and high-speed data services has become the direction of evolution for second-generation mobile communication systems and will also become a major service feature of third-generation mobile communication systems.

[0090] GPRS includes a rich set of data services, such as PTP point-to-point data service, PTM-M point-to-multipoint broadcast data service, PTM-G point-to-multipoint group call data service, and IP-M broadcast service. These services already have certain scheduling capabilities, and with the addition of voice broadcast and voice group call services defined in GSM-phase 2+, GPRS can perform some scheduling functions.

[0091] The main application areas of GPRS can be: remote monitoring, e-commerce, information retrieval, etc.

[0092] 2.5.2 Development of GPRS

[0093] GSM-GPRS achieves packet data functionality by adding a series of functional entities to the original GSM network. These new functional entities form the GSM-GPRS network, which, as an independent network entity, bypasses GSM data to complete GPRS services. The original GSM network then handles voice functions, minimizing modifications to the original GSM network. The GPRS network and the original GSM network work together through a series of interface protocols to perform mobility management functions for mobile stations.

[0094] The following functional entities have been added to GPRS: Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN), Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN), Point-to-Multipoint Data Service Center, and enhancements to the software functionality of a series of existing functional entities. GPRS extensively borrows and utilizes data communication technologies and products, including Frame Relay, TCP / IP, X.25, X.75, routers, access network servers, firewalls, etc.

[0095] GPRS was first proposed in 1993, and the first phase of the protocol was released in 1997. The GPRS protocol is still being updated. In early 2000, SMG30 was introduced, and anonymous access functionality was no longer included in the new protocol. In addition to the newly released protocol, the GPRS protocol has also made significant modifications to some existing protocols.

[0096] 2.5.3 Characteristics of GPRS Wireless Communication System

[0097] The system utilizes the GPRS network for remote wireless data acquisition and retrieval, and can also achieve wireless remote control. It has the following characteristics: (1) Advanced technology Currently, there are not many control and management systems in the domestic market that use GPRS technology as the communication method. This control system adopts the advanced GMS network SMS short message method, integrating multiple advanced technologies such as computer, communication, electromechanical, and automatic control. It has a stable structure and strong scalability.

[0098] (2) Real-time data acquisition and centralized control

[0099] The control center can collect various real-time data from each field control point. Simultaneously, the wireless control system can promptly detect different types of faults, generate alarm messages, accurately locate the fault point, and take corresponding alarm handling measures.

[0100] (3) Fast, secure and reliable communication

[0101] The GPRS technology used in the wireless control system is an advanced mobile communication method currently applied in my country's communications field, providing strong support for the rapid and stable transmission of data. The GPRS-based control and management system boasts numerous advantages, including bidirectional transmission, low transmission latency, fast system response, and high security and reliability.

[0102] (4) Low investment and high cost performance

[0103] The system utilizes the GPRS network as the transmission network, making full use of the existing and relatively complete public network resources, which greatly saves construction investment and shortens the construction cycle. The overall system has a high performance-price ratio, and the construction investment of this system can save more than 40% compared with the investment in building a wireless private network.

[0104] 2.6 Embedded Operating System Application Technology

[0105] Windows CE (WinCE for short) is a key product from software giant Microsoft in the embedded operating system market. Windows CE.net is a 32-bit multitasking operating system that is compressed, portable, and capable of developing various enterprise and client-side devices. As a Microsoft product, it includes a version of Internet Explorer, enabling connection and synchronous information exchange with the Internet. Developers familiar with the Windows development environment can create excellent applications based on Windows CE. However, its use requires paying certain copyright and usage fees. With the increasing prevalence of embedded systems, Windows CE, due to its user-friendly interface and superior performance, is increasingly being adopted by embedded devices.

[0106] The Bank-based Water Level Change Early Warning System (BWMS) needs to perform not only data communication functions but also historical data query and data curve display functions. The application uses some controls that are more compatible with the Windows CE operating system and offer better operability. Therefore, Windows CE was chosen as the operating system for the lower-level machine.

[0107] 3. System software design and development

[0108] 3.1 Software Design Principles

[0109] The following principles should be followed in software design: (1) Reliability: The reliability of a software system, like that of a hardware system, is a critical indicator and a fundamental guarantee for the normal operation of the system. Software system development should adopt a modular approach to reduce coupling between modules and improve the speed of writing and debugging. At the same time, diagnostic programs and self-testing programs should be designed in the software to realize the self-testing of the system's reliability and ensure the system's security. Software traps can also be designed to prevent the program from going out of control.

[0110] (2) Interactivity: During operation, it can receive user commands in real time, execute corresponding actions, complete special tasks, and provide feedback on execution results.

[0111] (3) Real-time performance: This test system is a real-time measurement and control system. The control system is required to control the system within the time interval allowed during operation. That is, after collecting data at the test site, it is able to calculate and process the data in a timely manner within the allowed time interval, make correct judgments, and control the system accordingly.

[0112] (4) Flexibility and versatility: To save memory and ensure high adaptability, the software adopts a modular structure. A top-down analysis method is used during program development, dividing the entire software system into several functional modules, and then writing subroutines for each module. If additional features or modifications to existing features are needed later, only the subroutines need to be added or modified.

[0113] 3.2 Overall Software Design Philosophy

[0114] The Bank-Mounted Water Level Change Early Warning System (BWMS) software is the system's control center. Its overall task is to achieve wireless transmission, real-time processing, real-time calculation, real-time judgment, and automatic alarm of water level information. Its main task is to preprocess the collected water level data using a lower-level computer and transmit it to a computer (upper-level computer) via GPRS. The computer analyzes and calculates the data transmitted from the lower-level computer and issues alarm signals as needed. The software system mainly consists of the following modules: (1) Lower-level machine data processing module: processes data from the water level gauge; (2) GPRS wireless transmission module: transmits the data processed by the lower-level machine to the outside via GPRS; (3) Data receiving module: receives data transmitted from the lower-level machine via GPRS through the Internet; (4) Self-diagnosis module: performs self-diagnosis of the software and hardware system; (5) Parameter setting module: Setting various parameters of the software system; (6) File system module: manages various data, creates corresponding files, and provides access for reading, saving, and modifying. (7) Fitting module: Eliminates random errors and avoids the system issuing false alarms; (8) Data display module: Real-time display of data such as date, time, freeboard height, and water level variation.

[0115] (9) Alarm module: controls the alarm of the entire system. If the relevant data exceeds the specified value, the software is instructed to issue alarm signals such as sound and graphics.

[0116] 3.3 Software Development Platform

[0117] The computer is primarily responsible for displaying, recording, querying, generating reports, and printing various data; parameter setting; gate commands; alarms; and communication with the water level gauge. Therefore, software development must fully reflect human-centered design. This system utilizes hybrid language programming techniques. Microsoft Visual Basic (VB) and Microsoft Visual C++ (VC) are used as software development tools. VB serves as the development platform for the interface and data processing functions, while VC is the development platform for the data acquisition section. WinCE is used as the operating system for the lower-level machine.

[0118] 3.3.1 Software Platform VB

[0119] 3.3.2 Software Platform VC

[0120] 3.3.3 Software Platform WinCE

[0121] Windows CE is a 32-bit embedded operating system designed by Microsoft specifically for non-PC applications such as mobile devices, consumer electronics, and embedded systems. It features preemptive multitasking, excellent real-time performance, powerful communication capabilities, and a superior graphical user interface. It also boasts many high-performance and efficient operating system features, including on-demand paging, shared memory, cross-processing synchronization, and support for large heaps.

[0122] Windows CE embedded systems have the following characteristics: (1) Multi-hardware platform support and rich driver support Windows CE supports more than 200 CPU architectures, including x86, ARM, MIPS, and SH, and provides corresponding high-quality BSPs. For example, Windows CE 5.0 has the SMDK2410 BSP package for SAMSUNG's S3C2410.

[0123] (2) Good communication capabilities

[0124] Windows CE not only supports traditional wired network connections, but also various wireless network standards, including Bluetooth, infrared, and 802.11.

[0125] (3) Robust real-time performance and multi-tasking capabilities

[0126] Windows CE has been capable of real-time operation since version 3.0, and from version 4.0 onwards, it became a hard real-time operating system, making it suitable for environments with high real-time requirements, such as industrial control. Windows CE supports interrupt nesting, imposes strict upper limits on the response time of high-level ISTs, and provides 256 priorities for more flexible timing control.

[0127] (4) Multimedia support capabilities

[0128] Windows CE provides designers with multimedia capabilities, including support for common audio and video functions, as well as network data streaming. Windows CE 5.0 includes support for the Windows Media Player application.

[0129] (5) Multilingual support

[0130] Windows CE uses Unicode character encoding and is localized for multiple languages. Windows CE 5.0 fully supports the development of localized Chinese operating systems.

[0131] (6) Support reduction

[0132] Developers can trim the corresponding modules according to actual needs. The trimmed size is small and can be booted directly from ROM without a hard drive, eliminating the problems of system crashes and virus infections.

[0133] (7) Powerful development tools

[0134] For Windows CE developers, powerful development tools such as eMbeddedVisualC++, Visual Studio .NET, and PlatformBuilder can be selected, which significantly improves development efficiency.

[0135] (8) Good portability

[0136] A 32-bit, multi-threaded, multi-tasking, fully preemptive operating system that supports most Win32 APIs, allowing other Windows applications to be easily ported to Windows CE.

[0137] Windows CE employs a layered architecture, characterized by strong hierarchy, good portability, modularity and customizability, emphasis on programming interfaces, and support for upper-layer applications. A Windows CE-based embedded system consists of four layers from bottom to top: hardware layer, OEM layer, operating system layer, and application layer.

[0138] (1) Hardware layer

[0139] The hardware layer is an essential component of the Windows CE operating system, including the microprocessor, memory, power supply, and various peripheral devices. The minimum hardware requirements for a Windows CE system include a processor, a real-time clock for thread scheduling, and memory. Furthermore, the hardware platform can support other peripheral devices such as serial ports, network cards, and keyboards.

[0140] (2) OEM layer

[0141] The OEM layer is the interface between hardware and the operating system, logically located between the hardware and Windows CE. Its main function is to abstract the specific underlying hardware to create a unified interface, which allows the operating system kernel to communicate with the hardware.

[0142] (3) Operating System Layer

[0143] The operating system layer is the core layer of the Windows CE operating system. Similar to commonly used operating systems, it provides interfaces and services to the lower layers and corresponding APIs to the upper-layer applications.

[0144] (4) Application layer

[0145] The application layer is a collection of applications that obtain operating system services through the Win32 API. It includes applications provided by Windows CE (such as Internet customer service and user interfaces), as well as applications developed by users for specific embedded systems. Windows CE also provides a shell module, allowing users to develop their own shells using the Windows CE Shell API, tailored to their hardware system needs, such as customizing their own soft keyboard.

[0146] 3.4 Software Functions

[0147] This system adopts a Windows-style interface design, featuring a user-friendly interface, strong interactivity, and simple operation. After logging in, the system enters the main interface. The main interface is the parent window of the Multiple Document Interface (MDI) and serves as the background for all application interfaces, acting as the link between them. The main interface includes a menu area, date and time area, data display area, graph display area, limit value display area, command area, and message scrolling area. (See...) Figure 8 .

[0148] 3.4.1 Menu Area

[0149] (1) File menu

[0150] The File menu is divided into six sub-menus: Open File, Save File, Save File As, Parameter Settings, Water Level Calibration, and Exit. Figure 9 .

[0151] Open file: Open the water level measurement data file previously saved on the computer's hard drive, see... Figure 10 .

[0152] Save file: Save the water level data file to the computer's hard drive as a water level measurement data file; Save file as: Rename the current water level data file and save it to another location on your computer's hard drive; Parameter settings: Configure various parameters of the software (explained separately later); Water level calibration: Calibrate the current ultrasonic water level sensor; Exit: Exit the shipborne water level sudden change early warning system software; (2) Debug menu The debug menu is divided into two sub-menus: debug parameters and channel detection.

[0153] Debugging parameters: Set various debugging parameters for the software (used when debugging the program), see [link to documentation]. Figure 11 .

[0154] Channel testing: Detects the ultrasonic water level sensors in each channel for equipment self-testing. Figure 12 .

[0155] (3) Help Menu

[0156] Open the software's help file.

[0157] 3.4.2 Date and Time Zone

[0158] To display the system date and time, see [link / reference]. Figure 13 .

[0159] 3.4.3 Data display area

[0160] Display data such as water level elevation and water level variability, and also display the corresponding date and time. See [link / reference]. Figure 14 .

[0161] 3.4.4 Graphics Display Area

[0162] The water level data is displayed graphically. A red indicator shows the water level above the high alarm level. A green indicator shows the water level below the low alarm level. A black indicator shows the water level at a normal level. (See below.) Figure 15 .

[0163] 3.4.5 Limit Value Display Area

[0164] This section displays the maximum and minimum water levels within a specified time period, along with the corresponding time. See [link / reference]. Figure 16 .

[0165] 3.4.6 Command Area

[0166] This section is divided into three sub-sections: real-time acquisition, simulation demonstration, and system. (See...) Figure 17 .

[0167] (1) Real-time acquisition of sub-regions

[0168] This sub-area is for the actual operation of the alarm system, and includes two buttons: [Start] and [Stop], which control the software's operation and shutdown respectively.

[0169] (2) Simulation Demonstration Sub-region

[0170] This sub-area is used to replay data on the hard drive or view data stored on the hard drive in a table format. It includes four buttons: [Read File], [Playback], [Stop], and [View]. These respectively read the file, replay past data, stop playback, and view previous data. See [link / description]. Figure 18 .

[0171] 3.4.7 Message Scrolling Area

[0172] This section displays information such as the software name, version, and name of the developing organization in a scrolling manner.

[0173] 3.4.8 Parameter Settings

[0174] Set parameters such as alarm point name, water level coordinates, time coordinates, water level parameters, probe installation base point, and speed change unit. Click the question mark for help. See [link to help documentation]. Figure 19 .

[0175] (1) Alarm point name

[0176] The name of the area where the probe is located; this name also serves as the prefix for the data file name.

[0177] (2) Water level coordinates

[0178] Upper limit of coordinates: refers to the maximum value of the water level coordinates displayed in the graphics window on the main screen.

[0179] Lower limit of coordinates: refers to the minimum value of the water level coordinates displayed in the graphics window on the main screen.

[0180] (3) Time parameter: The range of time coordinate values ​​can be selected from 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 4 days and 8 days.

[0181] (4) Water level parameters

[0182] Low water level alarm: When the water level falls below this value, the system will sound an alarm. At this time, the displayed numbers and graphics will turn green, and a slow alarm sound will be emitted.

[0183] High water level alarm: When the water level exceeds this value, the system will sound an alarm. At this time, the displayed numbers and graphics will turn red, and a rapid alarm sound will be emitted.

[0184] Sampling time interval: refers to the time interval between two samplings, with a value range of 1-600 seconds, a default value of 60 seconds, and must be an integer.

[0185] (5) Probe mounting base

[0186] (6) Unit of water level variability

[0187] The unit of water level variability can be selected.

[0188] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for early warning and control of sudden changes in shore-based water levels, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Collect the river channel water level in a continuous real-time non-contact water level manner through an ultrasonic water level probe set on the downstream bank of the power station dam close to it; Wirelessly transmit the river channel water level to the shipping management center, and calculate, analyze and judge the maximum value, minimum value and change rate of the water level in real time; When it exceeds a certain preset limit, a sound alarm and a color alarm are issued. The shipping management center then timely reminds the ships within the influence range of the discharging water wave to pay attention and take emergency measures. At the same time, detailed water level change information is collected.

2. The method for early warning and control of sudden changes in shoreline water level according to claim 1, characterized in that, When it exceeds a certain preset limit, a sound alarm and a color alarm are issued, which specifically includes the following steps: When the early warning system is working normally, according to the actual distance h measured by the water level probe hDI to the water surface, the calculation formula for the actual water level elevation hW is obtained: hW = hDI - h; When the water level elevation is greater than the alarm high water level hWH, that is, hW > hWH, where the alarm high water level hWH = the height hDl of the probe to the distance hH from the probe to the alarm high water level, that is, hWH = hDI - hH; the system emits a rapid alarm sound, and at the same time the displayed water level numbers and graphics turn red. When the water level elevation is less than the alarm high water level, the alarm sound is eliminated, and the colors of the displayed numbers and graphics return to normal; When the early warning system is working normally, according to the actual distance h measured by the water level probe to the water surface, the calculation formula for the actual water level elevation hW is: hW = hDI - h; When the water level elevation is less than the alarm low water level hWL, that is: hW < hWL; where the alarm low water level hWL = the height hDI of the probe to the distance hL from the probe to the alarm low water level, that is, hWL = hDI - hL; the system emits a slow alarm sound, and at the same time the displayed water level numbers and graphics turn green. When the water level elevation is less than the alarm high water level, the alarm sound is eliminated, and the colors of the displayed numbers and graphics return to normal; Detect the water level at a certain time interval to obtain the change rate v of the water level. Let the sampling time interval be dt, with the unit of seconds. The calculation formula for the hourly water level change rate is: v = (hR2 - hR1) × 3600 / dt; When the water level change rate is greater than the alarm change rate, the system emits a rapid alarm sound, and at the same time the displayed water level change rate numbers and graphics turn red.

3. A shore-based water level change early warning and control system based on the shore-based water level change early warning and control method according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, It includes: A data acquisition module, and the ultrasonic water level probe acquires data through non-contact water level acquisition; A data conversion module, which is used to convert the acquired data signal into a 4 - 20mA current signal; A data input module, which is used to input the converted signal into a computer; A water level calibration module, which is used to calibrate the ultrasonic water level sensor; A data processing module, which is used to filter and process the data from the water level instrument; judge whether it exceeds the alarm value. If it exceeds the alarm parameter, the system emits an alarm sound, and the corresponding text and graphics on the computer display screen turn red. When the water level data returns to normal, the sound alarm is automatically解除, and the text on the display screen also returns to the normal display state; An analog quantity sampling module, which is used to convert the processed signal into a 16-bit digital quantity through A / D conversion; The wireless transmission module is used to transmit the data processed by the lower-level machine via GPRS. The data receiving module is used to receive data transmitted from the lower-level machine via GPRS over the Internet; The self-diagnosis module is used for self-diagnosis of the software and hardware system; The parameter setting module is used to set various parameters of the overall system. The file system module is used to manage various data, create corresponding files, and perform operations such as reading, saving, and modifying. The fitting module is used to eliminate random errors and prevent the system from issuing false alarms. The alarm module is used to control the alarm of the entire system. If the relevant data exceeds the specified value, it instructs the alarm to emit sound and graphic alarm signals. The data display module is used to display data such as date, time, freeboard height (port and starboard), and water level variation in real time. The image display module is used to display image data in real time. The table display module is used to display table information in real time.

4. A shore-based water level change early warning device based on the shore-based water level change early warning control method according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The shore-mounted water level sudden change early warning device is equipped with: Ultrasonic water level sensor, wireless water level gauge, industrial control computer, GPRS transmitter, computer, voltmeter, antenna, power indicator, switch, alarm, slave computer, water level probe; The front of the wireless water level meter housing is fitted with a voltmeter and a power switch. Inside the wireless water level meter housing, an industrial control computer and a GPRS transmitter are fixed with screws. The middle of the back of the wireless water level meter housing is fitted with a water level probe interface and a 24V power interface. The right end of the back of the wireless water level meter housing is fitted with a 220V power interface. The upper surface of the wireless water level gauge housing is equipped with a touch screen, which is connected to the industrial control computer. The GPRS transmitter is connected to the host computer via a wireless signal, and the host computer is connected to an alarm. The water level probe interface is connected to an ultrasonic water level sensor via a data line.

5. A shore-based water level change early warning device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A power indicator light, which is electrically connected to the power switch, is embedded on the upper side of the power switch.

6. A shore-based water level change early warning device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The 220V power interface is internally connected to a 2A fuse.

7. A shore-based water level change early warning device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The back of the wireless water level gauge housing is fitted with an antenna that connects to the GPRS transmitter; a reserved interface is fitted on the left side of the back of the wireless water level gauge housing.

8. A shore-based water level change early warning device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The installation method of the water level probe is as follows: Before installing the equipment, a mounting platform is built, and then the mounting bracket is fixed on the platform. The water level probe is installed on the bracket, the wireless water level meter is placed on the platform, and the corresponding transmission cables are connected. After powering on, the remote part of the shore-based water level change early warning system can work normally.

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