A water surface photovoltaic early warning system and method

Abstract

A water surface photovoltaic early warning system and method are disclosed. The system includes a monitoring module, a signal transmitting module, a signal receiving module, a monitoring module, an early warning module, and a feedback optimization module. Through a three-tiered monitoring layout of a main monitoring area, a routine patrol monitoring area, and a backup monitoring area, coupled with the differentiated deployment of various sensors, it achieves comprehensive monitoring of the entire site without blind spots. Signals are transmitted wirelessly, amplified by repeaters, and stored at a gateway to ensure continuous and secure data transmission. The monitoring module uses a water level change rate analysis algorithm and a positioning system to accurately identify risk types and pinpoint risk points. The early warning module employs a four-level hierarchical early warning strategy, triggering corresponding audible and visual alarms, communication notifications, video switching, and electrical equipment linkage for different risks such as extreme weather, people falling into the water, and equipment failure. The feedback optimization module dynamically adjusts the parameters of the sensing and early warning systems through post-accident data tracing and analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of risk monitoring and early warning technology for water surface photovoltaic projects, specifically relating to a water surface photovoltaic early warning system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic projects adopt different construction models depending on the terrain conditions. Among them, fish-solar complementary projects built using fish ponds and small mountain ponds are developing rapidly. Floating photovoltaic projects usually do not drain the water in the pond and are carried out in a certain water depth environment for construction, production and operation. Due to the deep water environment, two types of safety accidents are prone to occur: First, extreme weather can cause drastic changes in the water level in the pond, affecting the operation of photovoltaic modules and the growth and reproduction of underwater organisms. Second, construction and operation and maintenance personnel working on the water surface are at risk of falling into the water, especially during the production and operation period when usually only 1-2 workers are on site. If a fall into the water accident occurs, the monitoring department must be notified immediately so that necessary rescue measures can be taken.

[0003] Existing safety operation and maintenance technologies for floating photovoltaic projects cannot meet the actual needs of safe and efficient operation and maintenance of large-scale floating photovoltaic projects in terms of scenario adaptability, monitoring accuracy, hierarchical response efficiency, and full-process optimization capabilities. Therefore, developing an early warning system that is tailored to the characteristics of floating photovoltaic scenarios and has the capabilities of accurate monitoring, hierarchical early warning, rapid response, and continuous optimization has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in the current development of the photovoltaic industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a water surface photovoltaic early warning system and method. This system monitors water level changes by arranging sensors around the photovoltaic module array, around the pond, around the piles, or within the array's gaps. The monitoring signals are transmitted to a monitoring room via a transmission module. The monitoring room is equipped with an early warning module that releases different levels of early warning signals based on the rate of water level change, alerting staff to take appropriate measures depending on the urgency of the situation.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A water surface photovoltaic early warning system includes a monitoring module, a signal transmitting module, a signal receiving module, a monitoring module, an early warning module, and a feedback optimization module; The monitoring module is installed in the monitored area; The signal transmitting module is located inside the photovoltaic array, and it collects the data monitored by the monitoring module and transmits signals. The signal receiving module is located at a high point in the central control room to receive signals transmitted by the signal transmitting module. The monitoring module, early warning module, and feedback optimization module are located in the monitoring room. The monitoring module processes and analyzes the transmitted data, the early warning module issues an alarm based on the transmitted data processed and analyzed by the monitoring module, and the feedback optimization module adjusts and optimizes the threshold and level settings of the sensing system and early warning system through data tracing and analysis after an accident occurs.

[0006] The monitoring area includes the main monitoring area, the routine patrol monitoring area, and the backup monitoring area; The main monitoring area includes the perimeter of the photovoltaic array and the edge of the pond. Several radar water level sensors are deployed at a high point in the main monitoring area via brackets. The routine inspection and monitoring area includes the gaps between photovoltaic arrays, around the piles, the entrances and exits for boarding and disembarking ships, and several ultrasonic water level sensors are installed at intervals on the piles above the water surface in the routine inspection and monitoring area. The backup monitoring area includes the lower edge of the photovoltaic support, and water pressure sensors are installed at intervals at the bottom of the photovoltaic module support in the backup monitoring area.

[0007] The signal transmission module is wireless, and the transmission module is deployed at the nodes of the main monitoring area, the routine patrol monitoring area, and the backup monitoring area.

[0008] The signal receiving module includes an industrial-grade gateway with a built-in storage chip to ensure the continuity of data transmission.

[0009] It also includes deploying several repeaters between the signal transmitting module and the signal receiving module to amplify the signal and ensure unimpeded data transmission.

[0010] The monitoring module hardware is an industrial-grade computer integrated data processing center, and the software is a cloud server. The monitoring module has a built-in water level change rate analysis algorithm, which can accurately identify the risk type by comparing the water level change trend with the preset threshold. The monitoring module includes a positioning system that uses sensor numbers to bind preset coordinates to locate risk points. The monitoring module displays the data processed by the core algorithm in the form of images and text on the human-computer interaction interface, realizing visualized monitoring and analysis.

[0011] The early warning module includes a rapid response system and adopts a tiered early warning strategy. The tiered early warning strategy includes four levels of warnings, with the highest level being a red warning triggered by extreme weather, which is triggered when the water level rises by 25 cm or more within 10 minutes. The next level is an orange alert triggered by a person falling into the water, which is triggered when the instantaneous water level fluctuation exceeds 10cm and lasts for more than five seconds. The next level is a yellow alert triggered by equipment failure, with the triggering condition being abnormalities in the monitoring and transmission modules; The lowest level is a blue alert triggered by disturbances from other organisms, and the triggering condition is that the water level curve displayed by the visualization system shows a slow rise and fall.

[0012] The red alert method includes triggering the audible and visual alarms set up on-site and in the monitoring room, and the alert module pushes warning text messages to the mobile phones of operation and maintenance and control personnel. The orange alert method includes triggering the on-site audible and visual alarm, the alert module notifying the operation and maintenance and central control personnel by telephone, and the on-site video surveillance switching to the alarm position; The yellow alert method includes pop-up reminders from the alert module to local workstations and staff mobile phones; The next level of alert, blue alert, includes switching the monitoring screen to the warning zone via the alert module.

[0013] The early warning module is linked with the on-site electrical equipment: when a red warning is triggered, it automatically cuts off the operation of the inverter and the box-type transformer; when an orange warning is triggered, it quickly locates the warning area and turns on the site lighting equipment.

[0014] A method for early warning of photovoltaic power generation on water surfaces includes the following steps: S1: Real-time water level data is collected through the monitoring module; S2: The signal transmitting module receives the data collected by the monitoring module and transmits it wirelessly. After being aggregated by the gateway of the signal receiving module, it is sent to the monitoring module. During the transmission process, the signal is amplified by a repeater. S3: The monitoring module compares the received data with preset thresholds to determine the type of risk and the severity of the accident, and locates the risk point; S4: The early warning module triggers an early warning of the corresponding level based on the judgment result of the monitoring module, and at the same time, it links the relevant on-site electrical equipment; S5: Management personnel respond and handle the warning signal accordingly; S6: The feedback optimization module adjusts and optimizes the threshold and level settings of the sensing system and early warning system through data tracing and analysis after an accident.

[0015] The main beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: I. Comprehensive monitoring coverage with no blind spots, and fully optimized accuracy and timeliness of early warnings: This invention adopts a three-level monitoring layout of main monitoring area, routine patrol monitoring area and backup monitoring area. Combined with the differentiated deployment of radar water level sensor, ultrasonic water level sensor and water pressure sensor, it realizes full-area monitoring without blind spots in the site. The installation position and layout of the sensor are optimized for the water surface environment, which not only ensures the stability of data acquisition, but also reduces the installation and maintenance risks. The signal transmission uses encrypted transmission, combined with repeater signal amplification and gateway built-in storage chip to ensure the continuity, security and unimpeded data transmission; The monitoring module compares the water level change rate analysis algorithm with preset thresholds to accurately identify different risk types such as extreme weather, people falling into the water, and equipment failure. Combined with the positioning method of binding preset coordinates to sensor numbers, it can quickly locate risk points. The entire link from monitoring to early warning has no delay, effectively avoiding the problems of traditional monitoring being singular and having a lagging response.

[0016] II. The tiered and coordinated mechanism has been improved, significantly enhancing the scientific and standardized nature of emergency response: This invention establishes a four-level graded early warning strategy, setting clear triggering conditions and corresponding early warning methods for different risk types and severity levels. This achieves a closed-loop handling process of precise identification, graded response, and equipment linkage. A red alert triggers the shutdown of inverters and box-type transformers to prevent equipment damage caused by extreme weather; an orange alert triggers the activation of site lighting and switching video surveillance to the alarm position, providing environmental support and visual assistance for water rescue; and differentiated alert methods for yellow and blue alerts ensure that management personnel can quickly focus on core issues, avoiding ineffective handling and resource waste. At the same time, it further reduced the rescue response time, and with the synchronous notification between the back-end and the rescue terminal, it enabled the rapid assembly and scientific dispatch of rescue forces, and greatly improved the standardization and efficiency of emergency response.

[0017] III. Optimized end-to-end traceability, resulting in continuous improvement in long-term system stability: This invention adds a feedback optimization module, which dynamically adjusts and optimizes the layout of the sensor system, the threshold and level settings of the early warning system through data tracing and analysis after an accident, forming a closed loop of monitoring-early warning-response-optimization. Compared with the limitations of existing technologies that only focus on a single early warning response, this invention can adapt to dynamic factors such as changes in hydrological conditions in the site, equipment aging, and adjustments to operation and maintenance needs, and continuously improve the early warning accuracy and operational stability of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Example 1, like Figure 1 As shown, a water surface photovoltaic early warning system includes a monitoring module, a signal transmitting module, a signal receiving module, a monitoring module, an early warning module, and a feedback optimization module; The monitoring module is installed in the monitored area; The signal transmitting module is located inside the photovoltaic array, and it collects the data monitored by the monitoring module and transmits signals. The signal receiving module is located at a high point in the central control room to receive signals transmitted by the signal transmitting module. The monitoring module, early warning module, and feedback optimization module are located in the monitoring room. The monitoring module processes and analyzes the transmitted data, the early warning module issues an alarm based on the transmitted data processed and analyzed by the monitoring module, and the feedback optimization module adjusts and optimizes the threshold and level settings of the sensing system and early warning system through data tracing and analysis after an accident occurs.

[0021] The monitoring area includes the main monitoring area, the routine patrol monitoring area, and the backup monitoring area; The main monitoring area includes the perimeter of the photovoltaic array and the edge of the pond. Three to five radar water level sensors, model RS485 radar level gauges, are installed at a high position in the main monitoring area via brackets, depending on the terrain. The measurement range is 0-10m and the accuracy is ±0.5%FS. The routine patrol and monitoring area includes the gaps between photovoltaic arrays, around the piles, the entrances and exits for boarding and disembarking boats, and the piles installed in the routine patrol and monitoring area are 20-30cm above the water surface. The overall layout is in the form of a rhombus or ellipse, with one ultrasonic water level sensor per 10 acres. The model is an integrated ultrasonic level gauge with a measurement range of 0.2-5m and a blind zone of ≤0.15m. The backup monitoring area includes the lower edge of the photovoltaic support. Water pressure sensors are installed at intervals of 3-5 piles at the bottom of the photovoltaic module support in the backup monitoring area. The model is diffused silicon pressure transmitter, with a measurement range of 0-0.5MPa and an accuracy of ±0.25%FS.

[0022] The signal transmission module is wireless, and the transmission module is deployed at the nodes of the main monitoring area, the routine patrol monitoring area, and the backup monitoring area.

[0023] The signal receiving module includes an industrial-grade gateway with a built-in storage chip to ensure the continuity of data transmission.

[0024] It also includes deploying 1 to 3 repeaters between the signal transmitting module and the signal receiving module to amplify the signal and ensure unimpeded data transmission.

[0025] After receiving data from the monitoring module, the signal transmitting module encrypts and packages the data using the AES-128 algorithm and transmits it wirelessly to the repeater via a 433MHz+LoRa dual-band wireless transmission. The repeater amplifies and processes the signal before transmitting it to the signal receiving gateway at the high point of the central control room. The gateway aggregates the data from multiple nodes and transmits it to the cloud server of the monitoring module via Ethernet. If a network interruption occurs during transmission, the gateway's built-in storage chip caches the data, and the transmission resumes automatically after the network is restored.

[0026] The monitoring module hardware is an industrial-grade computer integrated data processing center, and the software is a cloud server. The monitoring module has a built-in water level change rate analysis algorithm, which can accurately identify the risk type by comparing the water level change trend with the preset threshold. Preset thresholds include: Extreme weather risk threshold: water level rise ≥25cm within 10 minutes; Threshold for risk of people falling into water: instantaneous water level fluctuation ≥10cm and duration ≥3 seconds; Equipment fault determination thresholds: sensor data interruption exceeding 5 minutes, signal transmission bit error rate ≥1%; Criteria for determining biological disturbance: water level curve change rate ≤ 0.5 cm / min, and duration ≥ 10 minutes.

[0027] The monitoring module includes a positioning system that uses sensor numbers to bind preset coordinates to locate risk points. The monitoring module displays the data processed by the core algorithm in the form of images and text on the human-computer interaction interface, realizing visualized monitoring and analysis.

[0028] The early warning module includes a rapid response system and adopts a tiered early warning strategy. The tiered early warning strategy includes four levels of warnings, with the highest level being a red warning triggered by extreme weather, which is triggered when the water level rises by 25 cm or more within 10 minutes. The next level is an orange alert triggered by a person falling into the water, which is triggered when the instantaneous water level fluctuation exceeds 10cm and lasts for more than five seconds. The next level is a yellow alert triggered by equipment failure, with the triggering condition being abnormalities in the monitoring and transmission modules; The lowest level is a blue alert triggered by disturbances from other organisms, and the triggering condition is that the water level curve displayed by the visualization system shows a slow rise and fall.

[0029] The red alert method includes triggering the audible and visual alarms set up on-site and in the monitoring room, and the alert module pushes warning text messages to the mobile phones of operation and maintenance and control personnel. The orange alert method includes triggering the on-site audible and visual alarm, the alert module notifying the operation and maintenance and central control personnel by telephone, and the on-site video surveillance switching to the alarm position; The yellow alert method includes pop-up reminders from the alert module to local workstations and staff mobile phones; The next level of alert, blue alert, includes switching the monitoring screen to the warning zone via the alert module.

[0030] The early warning module is linked with the on-site electrical equipment: when a red warning is triggered, it automatically cuts off the operation of the inverter and the box-type transformer; when an orange warning is triggered, it quickly locates the warning area and turns on the site lighting equipment.

[0031] A method for early warning of photovoltaic power generation on water surfaces includes the following steps: S1: Real-time water level data is collected through the monitoring module; S2: The signal transmitting module receives the data collected by the monitoring module and transmits it wirelessly. After being aggregated by the gateway of the signal receiving module, it is sent to the monitoring module. During the transmission process, the signal is amplified by a repeater. S3: The monitoring module compares the received data with preset thresholds to determine the type of risk and the severity of the accident, and locates the risk point; S4: The early warning module triggers an early warning of the corresponding level based on the judgment result of the monitoring module, and at the same time, it links the relevant on-site electrical equipment; S5: Management personnel respond and handle the warning signal accordingly; S6: The feedback optimization module adjusts and optimizes the threshold and level settings of the sensing system and early warning system through data tracing and analysis after an accident.

Claims

1. A water surface photovoltaic early warning system, characterized in that: It includes a monitoring module, a signal transmitting module, a signal receiving module, a monitoring module, an early warning module, and a feedback optimization module; The monitoring module is installed in the monitored area; The signal transmitting module is located inside the photovoltaic array, and it collects the data monitored by the monitoring module and transmits signals. The signal receiving module is located at a high point in the central control room to receive signals transmitted by the signal transmitting module. The monitoring module, early warning module, and feedback optimization module are located in the monitoring room. The monitoring module processes and analyzes the transmitted data, the early warning module issues an alarm based on the transmitted data processed and analyzed by the monitoring module, and the feedback optimization module adjusts and optimizes the threshold and level settings of the sensing system and early warning system through data tracing and analysis after an accident occurs.

2. The water surface photovoltaic early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring area includes the main monitoring area, the routine patrol monitoring area, and the backup monitoring area; The main monitoring area includes the perimeter of the photovoltaic array and the edge of the pond. Several radar water level sensors are deployed at a high point in the main monitoring area via brackets. The routine inspection and monitoring area includes the gaps between photovoltaic arrays, around the piles, the entrances and exits for boarding and disembarking ships, and several ultrasonic water level sensors are installed at intervals on the piles above the water surface in the routine inspection and monitoring area. The backup monitoring area includes the lower edge of the photovoltaic support, and water pressure sensors are installed at intervals at the bottom of the photovoltaic module support in the backup monitoring area.

3. The water surface photovoltaic early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal transmission module is wireless, and the transmission module is deployed at the nodes of the main monitoring area, the routine patrol monitoring area, and the backup monitoring area.

4. The water surface photovoltaic early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal receiving module includes an industrial-grade gateway with a built-in storage chip to ensure the continuity of data transmission.

5. A water surface photovoltaic early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes deploying several repeaters between the signal transmitting module and the signal receiving module to amplify the signal and ensure unimpeded data transmission.

6. A water surface photovoltaic early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring module hardware is an industrial-grade computer integrated data processing center, and the software is a cloud server. The monitoring module has a built-in water level change rate analysis algorithm, which can accurately identify the risk type by comparing the water level change trend with the preset threshold. The monitoring module includes a positioning system that uses sensor numbers to bind preset coordinates to locate risk points. The monitoring module displays the data processed by the core algorithm in the form of images and text on the human-computer interaction interface, realizing visualized monitoring and analysis.

7. A water surface photovoltaic early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The early warning module includes a rapid response system and adopts a tiered early warning strategy. The tiered early warning strategy includes four levels of warnings, with the highest level being a red warning triggered by extreme weather, which is triggered when the water level rises by 25 cm or more within 10 minutes. The next level is an orange alert triggered by a person falling into the water, which is triggered when the instantaneous water level fluctuation exceeds 10cm and lasts for more than five seconds. The next level is a yellow alert triggered by equipment failure, with the triggering condition being abnormalities in the monitoring and transmission modules; The lowest level is a blue alert triggered by disturbances from other organisms, and the triggering condition is that the water level curve displayed by the visualization system shows a slow rise and fall.

8. A water surface photovoltaic early warning system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The red alert method includes triggering the audible and visual alarms set up on-site and in the monitoring room, and the alert module pushes warning text messages to the mobile phones of operation and maintenance and control personnel. The orange alert method includes triggering the on-site audible and visual alarm, the alert module notifying the operation and maintenance and central control personnel by telephone, and the on-site video surveillance switching to the alarm position; The yellow alert method includes pop-up reminders from the alert module to local workstations and staff mobile phones; The next level of alert, blue alert, includes switching the monitoring screen to the warning zone via the alert module.

9. A water surface photovoltaic early warning system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The early warning module is linked with the on-site electrical equipment: when a red warning is triggered, it automatically cuts off the operation of the inverter and the box-type transformer; when an orange warning is triggered, it quickly locates the warning area and turns on the site lighting equipment.

10. A method for early warning of photovoltaic power on water surface, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1: Real-time water level data is collected through the monitoring module; S2: The signal transmitting module receives the data collected by the monitoring module and transmits it wirelessly. After being aggregated by the gateway of the signal receiving module, it is sent to the monitoring module. During the transmission process, the signal is amplified by a repeater. S3: The monitoring module compares the received data with preset thresholds to determine the type of risk and the severity of the accident, and locates the risk point; S4: The early warning module triggers an early warning of the corresponding level based on the judgment result of the monitoring module, and at the same time, it links the relevant on-site electrical equipment; S5: Management personnel respond and handle the warning signal accordingly; S6: The feedback optimization module adjusts and optimizes the threshold and level settings of the sensing system and early warning system through data tracing and analysis after an accident.

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