Industrial tail gas SOFC processing system and method based on hydrogen energy conversion

Abstract

This invention discloses an industrial waste gas SOFC treatment system and method based on hydrogen energy conversion, relating to the field of industrial waste gas treatment technology. The system includes: filtering raw industrial waste gas generated during metallurgical or chemical processes for particulate matter and adjusting moisture content to obtain pretreated waste gas; performing real-time gas composition detection on the pretreated waste gas to obtain concentration information of H2, CO, and CH4; dynamically adjusting the water-gas shift reaction conditions based on the concentration information to convert the pretreated waste gas into hydrogen-enriched fuel gas with an H2 volume concentration of 40% to 70%; introducing the hydrogen-enriched fuel gas into a solid oxide fuel cell with an anode made of a Ni-YSZ matrix doped with a CeO2-Mo2C composite phase; sequentially setting a reforming zone and an electrochemical oxidation zone inside the anode along the gas flow direction, and using the Rh / CeO2 catalyst in the reforming zone to perform in-situ steam reforming of the residual CH4 and CO in the hydrogen-enriched fuel gas at the battery operating temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of industrial exhaust gas treatment technology, and in particular to an industrial exhaust gas SOFC treatment system and method based on hydrogen energy conversion. Background Technology

[0002] Industrial exhaust gas treatment technology refers to a series of technical means for purifying, recovering, converting, or utilizing waste gases containing combustible components, toxic and harmful gases, or greenhouse gases emitted during industrial production processes such as metallurgy, chemical industry, building materials, and oil refining.

[0003] Traditional industrial exhaust gases are usually directly burned and vented or used for heating in inefficient boilers. The high-calorific-value combustible components such as H2, CO, and CH4 contained in them are not efficiently converted into high-grade energy, resulting in a large waste of chemical energy. Moreover, the composition of industrial exhaust gases changes frequently with operating conditions. Existing SOFC systems have high requirements for fuel purity and cannot be directly adapted to such dirty, wet, and variable real exhaust gases. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the aforementioned existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, this invention provides a SOFC treatment method for industrial exhaust gas based on hydrogen energy conversion to solve the problem that traditional industrial exhaust gas is usually directly burned and vented or used for heating in inefficient boilers. The high-calorific-value combustible components such as H2, CO, and CH4 contained therein are not efficiently converted into high-grade energy, resulting in a large waste of chemical energy. In addition, the composition of industrial exhaust gas changes frequently with operating conditions, and existing SOFC systems have high requirements for fuel purity and cannot be directly adapted to such dirty, wet, and variable real exhaust gas.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating SOFC (Sodium Hydrogen Fuel Cell) industrial exhaust gas based on hydrogen energy conversion, comprising: The raw industrial exhaust gas generated in metallurgical or chemical processes is filtered for particulate matter and adjusted for moisture to obtain pretreated exhaust gas. The pretreated exhaust gas is subjected to real-time gas composition detection to obtain the concentration information of H2, CO and CH4; The water-gas shift reaction conditions are dynamically adjusted based on the concentration information to convert the pretreated tail gas into hydrogen-enriched fuel gas with an H2 volume concentration of 40% to 70%. The hydrogen-enriched fuel gas is passed into a solid oxide fuel cell with an anode made of Ni-YSZ matrix doped with CeO2-Mo2C composite phase; Inside the anode, a reforming zone and an electrochemical oxidation zone are sequentially arranged along the airflow direction. The Rh / CeO2 catalyst in the reforming zone is used to perform in-situ steam reforming of the residual CH4 and CO in the hydrogen-enriched fuel gas at the battery operating temperature. The generated combustible gas enters the electrochemical oxidation zone for electrochemical oxidation reaction. The operating voltage of the solid oxide fuel cell is adjusted in real time based on the concentration information obtained from the gas composition detection to maintain maximum power output; The unreacted gas discharged from the anode is mixed with the oxygen-rich exhaust gas discharged from the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell and then subjected to low-temperature catalytic combustion. The heat of combustion is recovered to preheat the pretreated exhaust gas or to supply the water-gas shift reaction.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the SOFC treatment method for industrial tail gas based on hydrogen energy conversion described in this invention, the specific steps for filtering particulate matter and adjusting moisture content in the raw industrial tail gas generated during metallurgical or chemical processes to obtain pretreated tail gas are as follows: The raw industrial exhaust gas is first introduced into a cyclone separator to remove large-diameter solid particles. A porous ceramic filter unit is used to intercept micron-sized dust particles; The gas enters the condensation and dehumidification module, where water vapor is condensed and discharged as liquid water through cooling. This process effectively removes both solid impurities and free moisture from the exhaust gas, resulting in clean and dry pre-treated exhaust gas.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the SOFC treatment method for industrial tail gas based on hydrogen energy conversion described in this invention, the specific steps for real-time gas composition detection of the pretreated tail gas to obtain concentration information of H2, CO, and CH4 are as follows: A portion of the pretreated exhaust gas is diverted into an online gas analysis unit, which includes an infrared absorption spectroscopy module and a thermal conductivity detection module, used to identify carbon-containing components and hydrogen gas, respectively. The analysis unit continuously acquires gas signals and converts them into volume fraction data for each component. The obtained data is transmitted to the central control module in real time via an industrial communication interface, serving as the basis for subsequent control.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the SOFC treatment method for industrial tail gas based on hydrogen energy conversion described in this invention, the specific steps of dynamically adjusting the water-gas shift reaction conditions according to concentration information to convert the pretreated tail gas into hydrogen-enriched fuel gas with an H2 volume concentration of 40% to 70% are as follows: After receiving the gas composition data, the central control module calculates the total amount of carbon monoxide and convertible hydrocarbons in the current exhaust gas. Based on this, a steam injection command is generated to adjust the opening of the flow control valve in the steam supply pipeline; At the same time, adjust the heating power of the water-gas shift reactor to maintain a suitable reaction temperature range inside the reactor; The pretreated exhaust gas and steam come into full contact in the catalyst bed, where a water-gas shift reaction occurs, generating hydrogen-rich fuel gas.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the industrial waste gas SOFC treatment method based on hydrogen energy conversion described in this invention, the specific steps of introducing hydrogen-enriched fuel gas into a solid oxide fuel cell with an anode made of Ni-YSZ matrix doped with CeO2-Mo2C composite phase are as follows: The hydrogen-enriched fuel gas is introduced into the anode channel of the solid oxide fuel cell stack after passing through a pressure-stabilizing buffer tank; The anode uses nickel-yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium oxide as a conductive framework, and cerium oxide and molybdenum dicarbide composite additives are uniformly incorporated during the preparation process; This composite structure simultaneously performs sulfur adsorption and carbon oxidation functions during battery operation, inhibiting anode poisoning and carbon buildup deactivation.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the SOFC treatment method for industrial tail gas based on hydrogen energy conversion described in this invention, the method involves sequentially setting a reforming zone and an electrochemical oxidation zone inside the anode along the gas flow direction. The Rh / CeO2 catalyst in the reforming zone is used to perform in-situ steam reforming of residual CH4 and CO in the hydrogen-enriched fuel gas at the battery operating temperature. The generated combustible gas then enters the electrochemical oxidation zone for electrochemical oxidation reaction. The specific steps are as follows: A nano-cerium oxide catalyst loaded with the noble metal rhodium is coated in the front end region of the anode channel to form a reforming zone; When the hydrogen-enriched fuel gas flows through this area, methane and water vapor undergo an endothermic reforming reaction under the high temperature environment of the solid oxide fuel cell itself, and carbon monoxide also participates in the water-gas shift reaction, jointly generating additional hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The reaction products are carried by the gas flow into the downstream electrochemical oxidation zone, where they combine with oxygen ions from the electrolyte at the anode three-phase interface, releasing electrons to form an electric current.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the industrial waste gas SOFC treatment method based on hydrogen energy conversion described in this invention, the specific steps of adjusting the operating voltage of the solid oxide fuel cell in real time based on the concentration information obtained from gas composition detection to maintain maximum power output are as follows: Based on continuously updated exhaust gas composition data, the central control module calls a preset polarization characteristic model to predict the operating current corresponding to the battery's maximum power point under the current fuel conditions. The optimal output voltage can be deduced from this current value; By dynamically adjusting the load impedance through the power electronic conversion unit, the actual operating voltage of the battery tracks the set value, ensuring that the system is always in a state of high-efficiency power generation.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the SOFC (Sodium Oxide Fuel Cell) treatment method for industrial exhaust gas based on hydrogen energy conversion according to the present invention, the specific steps of mixing the unreacted gas discharged from the anode with the oxygen-enriched waste gas discharged from the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell and then performing low-temperature catalytic combustion are as follows: The anode exhaust gas and cathode exhaust gas are led out separately and then merged into the mixing chamber, where they are fully mixed to form a combustible mixture. The mixture then enters a microchannel burner filled with a precious metal catalyst; Under the action of a catalyst, the residual combustible components and oxygen complete the oxidation reaction at a lower temperature, releasing heat without producing open flames or localized hot spots.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the industrial waste gas SOFC treatment method based on hydrogen energy conversion described in this invention, wherein: the recovered combustion heat is used to preheat and pretreat the waste gas or to supply water-gas shift reaction, the specific steps are as follows: A plate heat exchanger is installed at the outlet of the microchannel burner, and the high-temperature combustion products flow on one side of the heat exchanger. The pretreated tail gas or the feed gas for the water-gas shift reaction flows in the opposite direction on the other side; Heat is transferred through metal partitions, transferring waste heat from combustion to cold fluid; The heated gases are returned to the pretreatment tail gas pipeline or the inlet of the water-gas shift reactor to increase the feed temperature, reduce external energy input, and achieve thermal self-sustaining operation of the system.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention provides an industrial waste gas SOFC treatment system based on hydrogen energy conversion, comprising: The exhaust gas pretreatment module, component detection module, hydrogen enrichment and control module, anti-poisoning SOFC module, cascade reforming power generation module, voltage adaptive regulation module and waste heat recovery and utilization module; The exhaust gas pretreatment module is used to filter particulate matter and adjust the moisture content of raw industrial exhaust gas generated in metallurgical or chemical processes, and output clean and dry pretreated exhaust gas. The component detection module is used to perform real-time online analysis of the pretreated exhaust gas, obtain the concentration information of H2, CO and CH4, and transmit the data to the control system. The hydrogen enrichment and control module is used to dynamically adjust the steam injection amount and reaction temperature of the water-gas shift reaction according to the concentration information, so as to convert the pretreated tail gas into hydrogen-enriched fuel gas with a hydrogen volume concentration that matches the operating requirements of SOFC. The anti-poisoning SOFC module is used to receive hydrogen-enriched fuel gas and generate electricity through electrochemical processes. Its anode adopts Ni-YSZ matrix doped with CeO2-Mo2C composite phase material, which has the ability to resist sulfur poisoning and carbon deposition simultaneously. The cascade reforming power generation module is integrated inside the anode of the anti-poisoning SOFC module. A reforming zone and an electrochemical oxidation zone are set sequentially along the airflow direction. The residual CH4 and CO are reformed in situ using Rh / CeO2 catalyst at the battery operating temperature, and the generated combustible gas then participates in the electrochemical oxidation reaction. The voltage adaptive adjustment module is used to predict the maximum power point based on the component data continuously fed back by the component detection module through the polarization characteristic model, and dynamically adjust the SOFC output voltage to maintain a high-efficiency power generation state. The waste heat recovery module is used to mix the unreacted gas discharged from the anode with the oxygen-rich waste gas discharged from the cathode and then carry out low-temperature catalytic combustion, and recover the combustion heat through a heat exchanger to preheat and pretreat the exhaust gas or provide heat energy for the water-gas shift reaction.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by efficiently converting multi-component combustibles in industrial exhaust gas into electrical energy, a synergistic treatment system integrating exhaust gas purification, hydrogen enrichment and regulation, anti-poisoning power generation, cascade reforming and waste heat self-sustaining is constructed. This improves the adaptability and operational stability of solid oxide fuel cells to complex industrial exhaust gases. Without the need for deep desulfurization and external hydrogen supply, it achieves high-efficiency, long-life, and low-emission hydrogen energy conversion and energy recovery, solving the technical bottlenecks of high energy consumption, low resource utilization and high carbon emission intensity in traditional exhaust gas treatment. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an industrial waste gas SOFC treatment method based on hydrogen energy conversion. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0021] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0022] Reference Figure 1 This is one embodiment of the present invention, which provides a method for treating SOFC (Sodium Hydrogen Fuel Cell) industrial exhaust gas based on hydrogen energy conversion, comprising the following steps: S1. To filter particulate matter and adjust moisture content in raw industrial exhaust gas generated during metallurgical or chemical processes to obtain pretreated exhaust gas.

[0023] Furthermore, the raw industrial exhaust gas is first introduced into a cyclone separator to remove large-diameter solid particles. A porous ceramic filter unit is used to intercept micron-sized dust particles; The gas enters the condensation and dehumidification module, where water vapor is condensed and discharged as liquid water through cooling. This process effectively removes both solid impurities and free moisture from the exhaust gas, resulting in clean and dry pre-treated exhaust gas.

[0024] It should be noted that the three-stage synergistic treatment of cyclone separation, porous ceramic filtration and condensation dehumidification effectively removes solid particles and liquid water that are harmful to subsequent reactions and electrochemical devices from the original industrial exhaust gas, avoiding problems such as pipeline blockage, catalyst deactivation and battery seal failure, and providing a clean and dry feed basis for the long-term stable operation of the system.

[0025] S2. Real-time gas composition detection is performed on the pretreated exhaust gas to obtain the concentration information of H2, CO and CH4.

[0026] Furthermore, a portion of the pretreated exhaust gas is diverted into an online gas analysis unit, which includes an infrared absorption spectroscopy module and a thermal conductivity detection module, used to identify carbon-containing components and hydrogen, respectively. The analysis unit continuously acquires gas signals and converts them into volume fraction data for each component. The obtained data is transmitted to the central control module in real time via an industrial communication interface, serving as the basis for subsequent control.

[0027] It should be noted that the online analysis method combining infrared absorption spectroscopy and thermal conductivity detection can identify key components such as H2, CO and CH4 with high precision and high response, ensuring that the composition data truly reflects the fuel state, providing reliable input for subsequent hydrogen enrichment regulation and voltage adaptation, and improving the system's ability to sense exhaust gas fluctuations and its control robustness.

[0028] S3. Dynamically adjust the water-gas shift reaction conditions based on concentration information to convert the pretreated tail gas into hydrogen-enriched fuel gas with an H2 volume concentration of 40% to 70%.

[0029] Furthermore, after receiving the gas composition data, the central control module calculates the total amount of carbon monoxide and convertible hydrocarbons in the current exhaust gas. Based on this, a steam injection command is generated to adjust the opening of the flow control valve in the steam supply pipeline; At the same time, adjust the heating power of the water-gas shift reactor to maintain a suitable reaction temperature range inside the reactor; The pretreated exhaust gas and steam come into full contact in the catalyst bed, where a water-gas shift reaction occurs, generating hydrogen-rich fuel gas.

[0030] It should be noted that by dynamically adjusting the steam injection rate and reaction temperature based on real-time component information, the water-gas conversion process is always in optimal operating condition. This not only maximizes hydrogen production but also keeps CO concentration within a safe range, effectively suppressing the risk of carbon deposition. At the same time, it avoids energy waste caused by excessive steam injection, achieving dual optimization of fuel quality and energy efficiency.

[0031] S4. Hydrogen-enriched fuel gas is passed into a solid oxide fuel cell with an anode made of Ni-YSZ matrix doped with CeO2-Mo2C composite phase.

[0032] Furthermore, the hydrogen-enriched fuel gas is introduced into the anode channel of the solid oxide fuel cell stack after passing through a pressure-stabilizing buffer tank; The anode uses nickel-yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium oxide as a conductive framework, and cerium oxide and molybdenum dicarbide composite additives are uniformly incorporated during the preparation process; This composite structure simultaneously performs sulfur adsorption and carbon oxidation functions during battery operation, inhibiting anode poisoning and carbon buildup deactivation.

[0033] It should be noted that the introduction of the CeO2-Mo2C composite phase into the Ni-YSZ matrix enables the anode to retain high electronic conductivity while possessing the ability to adsorb sulfides in situ and catalyze carbon oxidation. This significantly reduces the reliance on deep purification of exhaust gas, allowing SOFC to directly treat real industrial exhaust gas containing trace impurities, extending battery life and reducing system pretreatment costs.

[0034] S5. A reforming zone and an electrochemical oxidation zone are sequentially set inside the anode along the airflow direction. The Rh / CeO2 catalyst in the reforming zone is used to perform in-situ steam reforming of the residual CH4 and CO in the hydrogen-enriched fuel gas at the battery operating temperature. The generated combustible gas enters the electrochemical oxidation zone for electrochemical oxidation reaction.

[0035] Furthermore, a nano-cerium oxide catalyst loaded with the precious metal rhodium is coated in the front end region of the anode channel to form a reforming zone; When the hydrogen-enriched fuel gas flows through this area, methane and water vapor undergo an endothermic reforming reaction under the high temperature environment of the solid oxide fuel cell itself, and carbon monoxide also participates in the water-gas shift reaction, jointly generating additional hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The reaction products are carried by the gas flow into the downstream electrochemical oxidation zone, where they combine with oxygen ions from the electrolyte at the anode three-phase interface, releasing electrons to form an electric current.

[0036] It should be noted that the reforming function is embedded in the front end of the anode flow channel, using the battery's own high-temperature environment to drive the in-situ conversion of CH4 and CO, eliminating the need for an external reformer. This simplifies the system structure and avoids energy loss from external heating. At the same time, the stepped zoning design prevents sudden temperature drops caused by local heat absorption, ensuring the thermal stability and power generation efficiency of the electrochemical reaction zone.

[0037] S6. Adjust the operating voltage of the solid oxide fuel cell in real time based on the concentration information obtained from gas composition detection to maintain maximum power output.

[0038] Furthermore, based on continuously updated exhaust gas composition data, the central control module calls a preset polarization characteristic model to predict the operating current corresponding to the battery's maximum power point under the current fuel conditions. The optimal output voltage can be deduced from this current value; By dynamically adjusting the load impedance through the power electronic conversion unit, the actual operating voltage of the battery tracks the set value, ensuring that the system is always in a state of high-efficiency power generation.

[0039] It should be noted that by establishing a component-polarization characteristic mapping model and dynamically adjusting the operating voltage, the SOFC is always operated near the maximum power point, overcoming the performance degradation problem caused by fluctuations in exhaust gas composition, improving the power generation efficiency and output stability of the system under varying operating conditions, and enhancing the applicability of the technology in actual industrial scenarios.

[0040] S7. The unreacted gas discharged from the anode is mixed with the oxygen-rich exhaust gas discharged from the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell and then subjected to low-temperature catalytic combustion. The heat of combustion is recovered and used to preheat and pretreat the exhaust gas or to supply the water-gas shift reaction.

[0041] Furthermore, the anode exhaust gas and cathode exhaust gas are separately led out and then merged into the mixing chamber, where they are fully mixed to form a combustible mixture. The mixture then enters a microchannel burner filled with a precious metal catalyst; Under the action of a catalyst, the residual combustible components and oxygen complete the oxidation reaction at a lower temperature, releasing heat without producing open flames or local high-temperature hot spots. A plate heat exchanger is installed at the outlet of the microchannel burner, and the high-temperature combustion products flow on one side of the heat exchanger. The pretreated tail gas or the feed gas for the water-gas shift reaction flows in the opposite direction on the other side; Heat is transferred through metal partitions, transferring waste heat from combustion to cold fluid; The heated gases are returned to the pretreatment tail gas pipeline or the inlet of the water-gas shift reactor to increase the feed temperature, reduce external energy input, and achieve thermal self-sustaining operation of the system.

[0042] It should be noted that mixing the anode exhaust gas with the cathode oxygen-enriched exhaust gas and then performing low-temperature catalytic combustion not only completely eliminates residual combustible emissions, but also recovers waste heat through efficient heat exchange for use in the front-end processes, forming a closed-loop thermal management system. This significantly reduces external energy demand, enables the entire system to achieve thermal self-sustaining operation, and improves overall energy utilization efficiency and carbon emission reduction benefits.

[0043] This embodiment also provides an industrial exhaust gas SOFC treatment system based on hydrogen energy conversion, including: The exhaust gas pretreatment module, component detection module, hydrogen enrichment and control module, anti-poisoning SOFC module, cascade reforming power generation module, voltage adaptive regulation module and waste heat recovery and utilization module; The exhaust gas pretreatment module is used to filter particulate matter and adjust the moisture content of raw industrial exhaust gas generated in metallurgical or chemical processes, and output clean and dry pretreated exhaust gas. The component detection module is used to perform real-time online analysis of the pretreated exhaust gas, obtain the concentration information of H2, CO and CH4, and transmit the data to the control system; The hydrogen enrichment and control module is used to dynamically adjust the steam injection amount and reaction temperature of the water-gas shift reaction based on the concentration information, so as to convert the pre-treated tail gas into hydrogen-enriched fuel gas with a hydrogen volume concentration that matches the operating requirements of SOFC. The anti-poisoning SOFC module is used to receive hydrogen-enriched fuel gas and generate electricity through electrochemical processes. Its anode adopts Ni-YSZ matrix doped CeO2-Mo2C composite phase material, which has the ability to resist sulfur poisoning and carbon deposition simultaneously. The cascaded reforming power generation module is integrated inside the anode of the anti-poisoning SOFC module. The reforming zone and the electrochemical oxidation zone are set sequentially along the airflow direction. The residual CH4 and CO are reformed in situ using Rh / CeO2 catalyst at the battery operating temperature, and the generated combustible gas then participates in the electrochemical oxidation reaction. The voltage adaptive regulation module is used to predict the maximum power point based on the component data continuously fed back by the component detection module through the polarization characteristic model, and dynamically adjust the SOFC output voltage to maintain a high-efficiency power generation state. The waste heat recovery module is used to mix the unreacted gas discharged from the anode with the oxygen-rich waste gas discharged from the cathode and then carry out low-temperature catalytic combustion. The combustion heat is recovered through a heat exchanger and used to preheat and pretreat the exhaust gas or to provide heat energy for the water-gas shift reaction.

[0044] This embodiment also provides a computer device applicable to the industrial exhaust gas SOFC treatment method based on hydrogen energy conversion, including: a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions to realize the industrial exhaust gas SOFC treatment method based on hydrogen energy conversion as proposed in the above embodiment.

[0045] The computer device can be a terminal, comprising a processor, memory, communication interface, display screen, and input devices connected via a system bus. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage media. The communication interface is used for wired or wireless communication with external terminals; wireless communication can be achieved through Wi-Fi, carrier networks, NFC (Near Field Communication), or other technologies. The display screen can be an LCD screen or an e-ink screen. The input devices can be a touch layer covering the display screen, buttons, a trackball, or a touchpad on the computer device's casing, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse.

[0046] This embodiment also provides a storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the SOFC treatment method for industrial exhaust gas based on hydrogen energy conversion as proposed in the above embodiments. The storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Red-Only Memory (PROM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0048] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for treating SOFC (Sodium Hydrogen Fuel Cell) industrial waste gas based on hydrogen energy conversion, characterized in that: include: The raw industrial exhaust gas generated in metallurgical or chemical processes is filtered for particulate matter and adjusted for moisture to obtain pretreated exhaust gas. The pretreated exhaust gas is subjected to real-time gas composition detection to obtain the concentration information of H2, CO and CH4; The water-gas shift reaction conditions are dynamically adjusted based on the concentration information to convert the pretreated tail gas into hydrogen-enriched fuel gas with an H2 volume concentration of 40% to 70%. The hydrogen-enriched fuel gas is passed into a solid oxide fuel cell with an anode made of Ni-YSZ matrix doped with CeO2-Mo2C composite phase; Inside the anode, a reforming zone and an electrochemical oxidation zone are sequentially arranged along the airflow direction. The Rh / CeO2 catalyst in the reforming zone is used to perform in-situ steam reforming of the residual CH4 and CO in the hydrogen-enriched fuel gas at the battery operating temperature. The generated combustible gas enters the electrochemical oxidation zone for electrochemical oxidation reaction. The operating voltage of the solid oxide fuel cell is adjusted in real time based on the concentration information obtained from the gas composition detection to maintain maximum power output; The unreacted gas discharged from the anode is mixed with the oxygen-rich exhaust gas discharged from the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell and then subjected to low-temperature catalytic combustion. The heat of combustion is recovered to preheat the pretreated exhaust gas or to supply the water-gas shift reaction.

2. The method for treating SOFC-based industrial waste gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for pre-treated exhaust gas are as follows: filtration of particulate matter and moisture adjustment of raw industrial exhaust gas generated during metallurgical or chemical processes. The raw industrial exhaust gas is first introduced into a cyclone separator to remove large-diameter solid particles. A porous ceramic filter unit is used to intercept micron-sized dust particles; The gas enters the condensation and dehumidification module, where water vapor is condensed and discharged as liquid water through cooling. This process effectively removes both solid impurities and free moisture from the exhaust gas, resulting in clean and dry pre-treated exhaust gas.

3. The method for treating SOFC-based industrial waste gas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps for real-time gas composition detection of the pretreated exhaust gas to obtain the concentration information of H2, CO, and CH4 are as follows: A portion of the pretreated exhaust gas is diverted into an online gas analysis unit, which includes an infrared absorption spectroscopy module and a thermal conductivity detection module, used to identify carbon-containing components and hydrogen gas, respectively. The analysis unit continuously acquires gas signals and converts them into volume fraction data for each component. The obtained data is transmitted to the central control module in real time via an industrial communication interface, serving as the basis for subsequent control.

4. The method for treating SOFC-based industrial waste gas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific steps for dynamically adjusting the water-gas shift reaction conditions based on concentration information to convert the pretreated tail gas into hydrogen-enriched fuel gas with an H2 volume concentration of 40% to 70% are as follows: After receiving the gas composition data, the central control module calculates the total amount of carbon monoxide and convertible hydrocarbons in the current exhaust gas. Based on this, a steam injection command is generated to adjust the opening of the flow control valve in the steam supply pipeline; At the same time, adjust the heating power of the water-gas shift reactor to maintain a suitable reaction temperature range inside the reactor; The pretreated exhaust gas and steam come into full contact in the catalyst bed, where a water-gas shift reaction occurs, generating hydrogen-rich fuel gas.

5. The method for treating SOFC-based industrial waste gas as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The specific steps for introducing hydrogen-enriched fuel gas into a solid oxide fuel cell with an anode made of Ni-YSZ matrix doped with CeO2-Mo2C composite phase are as follows: The hydrogen-enriched fuel gas is introduced into the anode channel of the solid oxide fuel cell stack after passing through a pressure-stabilizing buffer tank; The anode uses nickel-yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium oxide as a conductive framework, and cerium oxide and molybdenum dicarbide composite additives are uniformly incorporated during the preparation process; This composite structure simultaneously performs sulfur adsorption and carbon oxidation functions during battery operation, inhibiting anode poisoning and carbon buildup deactivation.

6. The method for treating SOFC-based industrial waste gas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The process involves sequentially setting up a reforming zone and an electrochemical oxidation zone inside the anode along the gas flow direction. The Rh / CeO2 catalyst in the reforming zone performs in-situ steam reforming of residual CH4 and CO in the hydrogen-enriched fuel gas at the battery operating temperature. The generated combustible gas then enters the electrochemical oxidation zone for electrochemical oxidation. The specific steps are as follows: A nano-cerium oxide catalyst loaded with the noble metal rhodium is coated in the front end region of the anode channel to form a reforming zone; When the hydrogen-enriched fuel gas flows through this area, methane and water vapor undergo an endothermic reforming reaction under the high temperature environment of the solid oxide fuel cell itself, and carbon monoxide also participates in the water-gas shift reaction, jointly generating additional hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The reaction products are carried by the gas flow into the downstream electrochemical oxidation zone, where they combine with oxygen ions from the electrolyte at the anode three-phase interface, releasing electrons to form an electric current.

7. The method for treating SOFC-based industrial waste gas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific steps for adjusting the operating voltage of the solid oxide fuel cell in real time based on the concentration information obtained from gas composition detection to maintain maximum power output are as follows: Based on continuously updated exhaust gas composition data, the central control module calls a preset polarization characteristic model to predict the operating current corresponding to the battery's maximum power point under the current fuel conditions. The optimal output voltage can be deduced from this current value; By dynamically adjusting the load impedance through the power electronic conversion unit, the actual operating voltage of the battery tracks the set value, ensuring that the system is always in a state of high-efficiency power generation.

8. The method for treating SOFC-based industrial waste gas according to claim 7, characterized in that: The process of mixing the unreacted gas discharged from the anode with the oxygen-rich exhaust gas discharged from the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell and then performing low-temperature catalytic combustion involves the following steps: The anode exhaust gas and cathode exhaust gas are led out separately and then merged into the mixing chamber, where they are fully mixed to form a combustible mixture. The mixture then enters a microchannel burner filled with a precious metal catalyst; Under the action of a catalyst, the residual combustible components and oxygen complete the oxidation reaction at a lower temperature, releasing heat without producing open flames or localized hot spots.

9. The method for treating SOFC-based industrial waste gas according to claim 8, characterized in that: The recovered combustion heat is used to preheat and pretreat the tail gas or to supply the water-gas shift reaction. The specific steps are as follows: A plate heat exchanger is installed at the outlet of the microchannel burner, and the high-temperature combustion products flow on one side of the heat exchanger. The pretreated tail gas or the feed gas for the water-gas shift reaction flows in the opposite direction on the other side; Heat is transferred through metal partitions, transferring waste heat from combustion to cold fluid; The heated gases are returned to the pretreatment tail gas pipeline or the inlet of the water-gas shift reactor to increase the feed temperature, reduce external energy input, and achieve thermal self-sustaining operation of the system.

10. An industrial waste gas SOFC treatment system based on hydrogen energy conversion, based on the industrial waste gas SOFC treatment method based on hydrogen energy conversion according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: The exhaust gas pretreatment module, component detection module, hydrogen enrichment and control module, anti-poisoning SOFC module, cascade reforming power generation module, voltage adaptive regulation module and waste heat recovery and utilization module; The exhaust gas pretreatment module is used to filter particulate matter and adjust the moisture content of raw industrial exhaust gas generated in metallurgical or chemical processes, and output clean and dry pretreated exhaust gas. The component detection module is used to perform real-time online analysis of the pretreated exhaust gas, obtain the concentration information of H2, CO and CH4, and transmit the data to the control system. The hydrogen enrichment and control module is used to dynamically adjust the steam injection amount and reaction temperature of the water-gas shift reaction according to the concentration information, so as to convert the pretreated tail gas into hydrogen-enriched fuel gas with a hydrogen volume concentration that matches the operating requirements of SOFC. The anti-poisoning SOFC module is used to receive hydrogen-enriched fuel gas and generate electricity through electrochemical processes. Its anode adopts Ni-YSZ matrix doped with CeO2-Mo2C composite phase material, which has the ability to resist sulfur poisoning and carbon deposition simultaneously. The cascade reforming power generation module is integrated inside the anode of the anti-poisoning SOFC module. A reforming zone and an electrochemical oxidation zone are set sequentially along the airflow direction. The residual CH4 and CO are reformed in situ using Rh / CeO2 catalyst at the battery operating temperature, and the generated combustible gas then participates in the electrochemical oxidation reaction. The voltage adaptive adjustment module is used to predict the maximum power point based on the component data continuously fed back by the component detection module through the polarization characteristic model, and dynamically adjust the SOFC output voltage to maintain a high-efficiency power generation state. The waste heat recovery module is used to mix the unreacted gas discharged from the anode with the oxygen-rich waste gas discharged from the cathode and then carry out low-temperature catalytic combustion, and recover the combustion heat through a heat exchanger to preheat and pretreat the exhaust gas or provide heat energy for the water-gas shift reaction.

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