Battery management system with continuous battery cell monitoring functionality and method of operation thereof

Abstract

A battery management system with continuous battery cell monitoring function and its operating method are disclosed. The battery management system includes a cell monitoring unit (CMU) configured to continuously monitor the state of multiple battery cells included in a battery module. The CMU is further configured to notify a battery management unit (BMU) of the abnormal state of at least one battery cell when an abnormal state of at least one battery cell is detected. The system further includes a BMU configured to manage the at least one CMU. The BMU is also configured to switch from a sleep mode to an active mode upon receiving notification of the abnormal state of at least one battery cell from the CMU, and to respond to the abnormal state of the at least one battery cell.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit and priority of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0188518, filed on December 17, 2024, with the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to a battery management system and its operating method. More specifically, this disclosure relates to a battery management system and its operating method that has the function of continuously monitoring the battery cells of the high-voltage battery, even when the electric vehicle is parked. Background Technology

[0004] The batteries used in environmentally friendly vehicles such as electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are high-voltage batteries that generate high voltage by connecting multiple battery cells of the same specifications in series or parallel.

[0005] A battery management system (BMS) is a device that controls and manages the charging and discharging of a high-voltage battery that comprises multiple battery cells. A BMS includes at least one cell monitoring unit (CMU) that monitors the battery cells and a battery management unit (BMU) that manages at least one CMU.

[0006] In the prior art, the BMU and CMU of the battery management system operate normally in active mode while the vehicle is in motion. However, when the ignition (IG) is turned off, the BMU and CMU switch to sleep mode after a predetermined time (e.g., 2 hours) when the vehicle is parked. The BMU and CMU are then periodically woken up (e.g., at 10-minute intervals) for very short periods (e.g., 10 seconds) to monitor the battery cells. After an additional predetermined time (e.g., 58 hours) has elapsed since the ignition was turned off, the BMU and CMU switch to full sleep mode and do not perform battery cell monitoring.

[0007] However, recently, fires caused by batteries in parked electric vehicles have occurred frequently. In the prior art, because the BMU and CMU switch to sleep mode when the vehicle is parked and are only intermittently awakened for very short periods (e.g., 10 seconds) at relatively long intervals (e.g., every 10 minutes) to perform battery cell monitoring, anomalies such as battery cell overvoltage, undervoltage, overtemperature, or undertemperature can occur during the periods when the BMU and CMU are not awake. In such cases, by the time the BMU and CMU are awakened and responding, the fire may have already developed rapidly and could therefore cause significant damage to property and people.

[0008] Furthermore, if the BMU and CMU operate normally in active mode when the vehicle is parked, the power consumption of the vehicle's auxiliary battery (e.g., a 12V lead-acid battery) increases when the vehicle is parked, and thus the auxiliary battery is prone to discharge. The topics described in this Background section are intended to facilitate an understanding of the background of this disclosure and therefore may include topics unknown to those skilled in the art. The statements in this section are provided only as background information in relation to this disclosure and may not constitute prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This disclosure provides a battery management system and its operating method, which has the function of continuously monitoring the battery cells of the high-voltage battery when the electric vehicle is parked without significantly consuming the power of the vehicle's auxiliary battery.

[0010] This disclosure also provides a battery management system and its operating method with continuous battery cell monitoring function, wherein the cell monitoring unit (CMU) continuously monitors the battery cells when the electric vehicle is parked, and notifies the battery management unit (BMU) to respond to the abnormal state when an abnormal state of the battery cells is detected.

[0011] The aspects of this invention are not limited to those mentioned above. Other aspects and advantages not mentioned above should be understood from this disclosure and will become more apparent from the embodiments. Furthermore, aspects of this disclosure can be achieved by the means and combinations thereof indicated in the claims.

[0012] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a battery management system with continuous battery cell monitoring functionality includes a cell monitoring unit (CMU) configured to continuously monitor the state of a plurality of battery cells included in a battery module. The CMU is further configured to notify a battery management unit (BMU) of the abnormal state of at least one battery cell when an abnormal state of at least one battery cell is detected. The system further includes a BMU configured to manage at least one CMU. The BMU is further configured to switch from a sleep mode to an active mode upon receiving notification of the abnormal state of at least one battery cell from the CMU, and to respond to the abnormal state of the at least one battery cell.

[0013] In this embodiment, the BMU is further configured to switch from active mode to sleep mode when the ignition device is turned off.

[0014] In one embodiment, the BMU is further configured to operate in hibernation mode using backup power from an external battery after the ignition device is turned off.

[0015] In an embodiment, the CMU is further configured to operate in active mode during a preset continuous monitoring period after the ignition device is turned off.

[0016] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a battery management system with continuous battery cell monitoring functionality includes a cell monitoring unit (CMU). The CMU includes a cell monitoring unit configured to continuously monitor the status of multiple battery cells included in a battery module and to generate battery cell status information. The CMU further includes a battery management unit (BMU) interface unit configured to communicate with the BMU and transmit battery cell status information to the BMU. The system further includes a BMU including a CMU interface unit configured to communicate with the CMU and receive battery cell status information. The BMU further includes a power supply unit configured to provide backup power from an external battery to the CMU interface unit. The BMU further includes a control unit configured to manage the CMU based on the battery cell status information received through the CMU interface unit. The battery cell monitoring unit of the CMU is further configured to notify the BMU of the abnormal status of at least one battery cell through the CMU's BMU interface unit when an abnormal status of at least one battery cell is detected. The control unit of the BMU is further configured to switch from sleep mode to active mode and respond to the abnormal state of at least one battery cell when it receives a notification of an abnormal state of at least one battery cell from the CMU via the CMU interface unit of the BMU.

[0017] In an embodiment, the CMU interface unit of the BMU is further configured to wake up the control unit of the BMU when a notification of an abnormal state of at least one battery cell is received from the BMU interface unit of the CMU.

[0018] In this embodiment, when the BMU is woken up by the CMU interface unit, the control unit of the BMU is further configured to: request battery cell status information from the CMU through the BMU CMU interface unit, and determine whether there is an abnormal state of at least one battery cell based on the battery cell status information received from the CMU.

[0019] In an embodiment, the BMU's CMU interface unit is further configured to continue operating after the ignition device is turned off by using backup power from an external battery supplied from the BMU's power supply unit.

[0020] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a method for operating a battery management system with continuous battery cell monitoring functionality includes: continuously monitoring the state of a plurality of battery cells included in a battery module by a cell monitoring unit (CMU). The method further includes detecting an abnormal state of at least one battery cell by the CMU. The method further includes notifying a battery management unit (BMU) of the abnormal state of at least one battery cell by the CMU. The method further includes switching the BMU from a sleep mode to an active mode. The method further includes responding to the abnormal state of at least one battery cell by the BMU upon receiving notification of the abnormal state of at least one battery cell from the CMU.

[0021] In an embodiment, continuous monitoring includes running the CMU in active mode during a preset continuous monitoring period after the ignition device is turned off.

[0022] In this embodiment, responding to an abnormal state includes waking up the BMU's control unit via the BMU's CMU interface unit. Responding to an abnormal state further includes the BMU's control unit requesting battery cell status information from the CMU via the BMU's CMU interface unit. Responding to an abnormal state further includes the BMU's control unit determining whether an abnormal state exists for at least one battery cell based on the battery cell status information received from the CMU. Responding to an abnormal state further includes, when an abnormal state of a battery cell is determined, responding to the abnormal state of at least one battery cell via the BMU's control unit.

[0023] According to this disclosure, when the ignition is off, the BMU switches from active mode to sleep mode, and the CMU performs continuous monitoring. This enables continuous monitoring of the battery cells in the high-voltage battery when the electric vehicle is parked without significantly consuming the power of the vehicle's auxiliary battery.

[0024] Furthermore, according to this disclosure, the CMU continuously monitors the battery cells while the electric vehicle is parked and notifies the BMU upon detecting an abnormal state in the battery cells, enabling an immediate response to the abnormal state. This allows for the resolution of battery-related fires before significant damage occurs, thereby greatly reducing damage to property and people. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The foregoing and other aspects, features, and advantages of this disclosure, as well as the following detailed description of embodiments, should be better understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings illustrate embodiments for the purpose of illustrating this disclosure. However, it should be understood that this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the details shown in the drawings. Rather, various modifications and structural changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of this disclosure and within the scope and equivalents of the claims. In the various drawings, the same reference numerals and symbols denote the same elements.

[0026] Figure 1 This illustrates the operation of the battery management unit (BMU) and cell monitoring unit (CMU) under normal conditions, according to existing technology.

[0027] Figure 2 This demonstrates the operating methods of the BMU and CMU according to existing technology in the event of an anomaly.

[0028] Figure 3 This illustrates a method of operation for a BMU and a CMU under normal conditions according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0029] Figure 4 This illustration shows the operation of the BMU and CMU according to an embodiment of this disclosure in the event of an anomaly.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of a battery management system with continuous battery cell monitoring function according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for operating a battery management system with continuous battery cell monitoring functionality according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same, similar, or equivalent components. Redundant descriptions of the embodiments are omitted herein. For ease of description, terms such as “module” and “unit” refer to components that are used interchangeably. Therefore, these terms should not be considered in themselves to have different meanings or functions. In describing the present disclosure, detailed descriptions of relevant prior art are omitted where such descriptions are determined to unnecessarily obscure the gist of the disclosure. Furthermore, it should be understood that the drawings are intended only to aid in understanding the embodiments disclosed herein and do not limit the technical principles and scope of the present disclosure. Rather, it should be understood that the drawings include all modifications, equivalents, or substitutions described by the technical principles and falling within the technical scope of the present disclosure.

[0033] Although terms such as first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or parts, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or parts should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another.

[0034] When an element or layer is referred to as being "on," "attached to," "connected to," or "coupled to" another element or layer, the element or layer may be directly on, attached to, connected to, or coupled to the other element or layer, or there may be intermediate elements or layers between the element or layer. Conversely, when an element is referred to as being "directly on," "directly attached to," "directly connected to," or "directly coupled to" another element or layer, there are no intermediate elements or layers between the elements or layers. When the controllers, devices, modules, components, apparatuses, elements, etc. of this disclosure are described as having a purpose or performing an operation, function, etc., the controllers, devices, modules, components, apparatuses, elements, etc., herein should be considered as being "configured" to satisfy that purpose or perform that operation or function. Each controller, device, module, component, apparatus, element, etc., may individually embody a processor and memory (such as a non-transitory computer-readable medium) or be included together with a processor and memory as part of an apparatus.

[0035] In the following text, reference will be made to Figures 3 to 6 This disclosure provides a detailed description of a battery management system with continuous battery cell monitoring functionality and its operating method.

[0036] Before describing this disclosure, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 Describes the operation methods of a battery management unit (BMU) and a cell monitoring unit (CMU, battery cell) according to the prior art.

[0037] Figure 1 This illustrates the operating methods for BMU and CMU under normal conditions according to existing technology, and Figure 2 This illustrates the operating methods for BMU and CMU based on existing technology in the event of an anomaly.

[0038] refer to Figure 1 In the prior art, after the ignition device (IG) is turned off, the BMU and CMU operate normally in active mode for a first predetermined period of time (e.g., 2 hours). Once the first predetermined period of time has elapsed since the ignition device was turned off, the BMU and CMU switch from active mode to sleep mode. During a second predetermined period of time (e.g., 58 hours), the BMU and CMU are periodically woken up (e.g., at 10-minute intervals) to perform battery cell monitoring for a very short period of time (e.g., 10 seconds). Once the second predetermined period of time has passed, the BMU and CMU enter a full sleep mode, during which battery cell monitoring is not performed.

[0039] refer to Figure 2 In the prior art, when a first predetermined time period has elapsed after the ignition device is turned off and the BMU and CMU have switched from active mode to sleep mode, the BMU and CMU are intermittently woken up at relatively long intervals during a second predetermined time period to perform battery cell monitoring for very short periods. Here, if the BMU and CMU are in sleep mode (see...) Figure 2 If a battery cell malfunction (such as overvoltage, undervoltage, overtemperature, or undertemperature) occurs at time A, battery cell diagnostics cannot be performed until the BMU and CMU are reactivated (see [link]). Figure 2 (Time B). Therefore, the fire spread rapidly until the BMU and CMU were activated and responded. This caused significant damage to property and people.

[0040] In the following text, see references Figure 3 and Figure 4 This describes a method of operation for a BMU and a CMU under normal conditions according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0041] Figure 3 This illustrates a method of operation for a BMU and CMU under normal conditions according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 4 This illustration shows an operating method for the BMU and CMU according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in the event of an anomaly.

[0042] refer to Figure 3 In one embodiment of this disclosure, when the ignition device (IG) is turned off, the BMU transitions from an active mode to a sleep mode, and during a third predetermined time period (e.g., 60 hours), the BMU is periodically (e.g., at 10-minute intervals) woken up to intermittently manage the CMU for very short periods (e.g., 10 seconds). Conversely, after the ignition device is turned off, the CMU remains active during the third predetermined time period (continuous monitoring period) to perform continuous monitoring of the battery cells. Once the third predetermined time period has elapsed, both the BMU and CMU transition to a full sleep mode and cease performing battery cell monitoring.

[0043] Reference Figure 4 In one embodiment of this disclosure, the CMU remains active during a continuous monitoring period after the ignition device is turned off, and performs continuous monitoring of the battery cells. Here, if a battery cell abnormality (such as overvoltage, undervoltage, overtemperature, or undertemperature) occurs at any time (see...), Figure 4 If the time (A) is specified, the CMU in active mode immediately detects the abnormal state of the battery cell. Then, the CMU notifies the BMU of the abnormal state of the battery cell, and the BMU switches from sleep mode to active mode to respond to the abnormal state of the battery cell.

[0044] In the following, a battery management system with continuous battery cell monitoring function and its operating method are explained according to an embodiment of the present disclosure for implementing the operating methods of BMU and CMU according to the embodiments of the present disclosure as described above.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of a battery management system with continuous battery cell monitoring function according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for operating a battery management system with continuous battery cell monitoring functionality according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] refer to Figure 5 According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a battery management system (BMS) 100 with continuous battery cell monitoring function includes a battery cell monitoring unit (CMU) 110 configured to monitor the state of at least one battery module, and a battery management unit (BMU) (120) configured to manage at least one CMU.

[0047] The CMU 110 continuously monitors the status (e.g., voltage, current, temperature) of the multiple battery cells included in the battery module, generates battery cell status information, and sends the battery cell status information to the BMU 120.

[0048] Therefore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the CMU 110 includes a battery cell monitoring unit 111 and a BMU interface unit 112, etc.

[0049] Even after the ignition is turned off and the vehicle is parked, the battery cell monitoring unit 111 will perform continuous battery cell monitoring by remaining active during a preset continuous monitoring period (third predetermined period). Figure 6 (S610 in the text), and sends battery cell status information to BMU 120 via BMU interface unit 112. When battery cell monitoring unit 111 detects an abnormal state in at least one battery cell during continuous monitoring (see S610 in the text), it will send the battery cell status information to BMU 120 via BMU interface unit 112. Figure 6 In the S620), the battery cell monitoring unit 111 notifies the BMU 120 of the abnormal state of the battery cell through the BMU interface unit 112 (see S620). Figure 6 (S630 in the example). The battery cell monitoring unit 111 can be implemented as a battery monitoring integrated circuit (BMIC), etc.

[0050] BMU interface unit 112 communicates with BMU 120 (specifically, the CMU interface unit of the BMU) to send battery cell status information generated by battery cell monitoring unit 111 to BMU 120, receive control information from BMU 120, and send that information to battery cell monitoring unit 111. When BMU interface unit 112 receives a notification of an abnormal state of a battery cell from battery cell monitoring unit 111, BMU interface unit 112 sends that notification to BMU 120. BMU interface unit 112 can be implemented as an interface integrated circuit (IC), etc.

[0051] The BMU 120 receives battery cell status information from the CMU 110, determines the status of the battery cells, and performs operations such as charging, discharging, and balancing based on this information. If the BMU 120 receives a notification of an abnormal state of the battery cells from the CMU 110, the BMU 120 takes action (controls) to resolve the abnormal state.

[0052] Therefore, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the BMU 120 includes a control unit 121, a CMU interface unit 122, and a power supply unit 123, etc.

[0053] Control unit 121 manages and controls CMU 110 based on battery cell status information received from CMU 110. If, after the ignition is turned off, control unit 121 receives a notification of an abnormal battery cell status from CMU 110 while in sleep mode, control unit 121 switches to active mode, determines whether a battery cell abnormality exists, and takes action (control) to respond accordingly to the abnormal battery cell status (see...). Figure 6 (S640 in the example). The control unit 121 can be implemented as a microcontroller unit (MCU), a central processing unit (CPU), etc.

[0054] CMU interface unit 122 communicates with CMU 110 (specifically, the CMU's BMU interface unit), sending battery cell status information from CMU 110 to control unit 121, and receiving control information from control unit 121 and sending that information back to CMU 110. When CMU interface unit 122 receives a notification of an abnormal battery cell status from CMU 110, CMU interface unit 122 wakes up control unit 121 and notifies control unit 121 of the abnormal battery cell status. CMU interface unit 122 can be implemented as an interface integrated circuit (IC), etc.

[0055] Power supply unit 123 provides backup power (e.g., B+ power) from the vehicle's auxiliary battery (an external battery from the BMU's perspective) to control unit 121 and CMU interface unit 122. Even when the ignition is off and control unit 121 is in sleep mode (non-operating state), power supply unit 123 continuously supplies power to CMU interface unit 122, thus keeping CMU interface unit 122 in an on state, ensuring that communication between CMU interface unit 122 and BMU interface unit 112 is always possible. Power supply unit 123 can be implemented as a power management integrated circuit (PMIC), etc.

[0056] In the following text, see references Figures 3 to 6 A method of operation for BMU and CMU according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is described in full.

[0057] After the ignition device (IG) is turned off, the control unit 121 of BMU 120 sets the power supply unit 123, which is connected to an external battery (e.g., a 12V lead-acid battery) and has backup power (e.g., B+ power), to continuous operation, so that the backup power from the external battery can be continuously supplied to the CMU interface unit 122. Furthermore, the control unit 121 of BMU 120 sets the CMU interface unit 122 to continuous operation, thus enabling continuous communication with the BMU interface unit 112 of CMU 110.

[0058] The control unit 121 of BMU 120 switches from active mode to sleep mode to minimize power consumption.

[0059] The power supply unit 123 uses a real-time clock (RTC) or similar device to periodically (e.g., every 10 minutes) wake up the control unit 121 for very short periods of time (e.g., 10 seconds) during a preset continuous monitoring period (e.g., 60 hours). Then, when woken up, the control unit 121 communicates with the CMU 110 via the CMU interface unit 122 to perform battery cell monitoring.

[0060] The CMU 110 remains active even after the ignition (IG) is turned off during the continuous monitoring period, and continuously monitors the status of the battery cells (see...). Figure 6 (S610 in the middle).

[0061] Under normal circumstances, once the continuous monitoring period has passed, CMU 110 and BMU 120 switch to full sleep mode and stop performing battery cell monitoring.

[0062] However, if at any time during the continuous monitoring period of CMU 110 (see...) Figure 4If a battery cell abnormality occurs during time A, such as overvoltage, undervoltage, overtemperature, or undertemperature (e.g., overvoltage, undervoltage, overtemperature, or undertemperature is detected a predetermined number or more times), then the battery cell monitoring unit 111 of the CMU 110 in active mode immediately detects the abnormal state of the battery cell (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 6 (S620 in the middle), and notify the BMU 120 of the abnormal state of the battery cell through the BMU interface unit 112 (see S620 in the middle), and notify the BMU 120 of the abnormal state of the battery cell (see S620 in the middle). Figure 6 (S630 in the middle).

[0063] When the CMU interface unit 122 of BMU 120 receives a notification of abnormal state of the battery cell from the BMU interface unit 112 of CMU 110, the CMU interface unit 122 of BMU 120 wakes up the control unit 121 of BMU 120.

[0064] Then, the control unit 121 of BMU 120 switches from sleep mode to active mode and identifies the reason for being woken up. If the control unit 121 of BMU 120 determines that the wake-up was caused by CMU interface unit 122, the control unit 121 of BMU 120 requests battery cell status information from CMU 110 through the CMU interface unit 122 of BMU 120, and determines whether there is an abnormal state of the battery cell based on the battery cell status information received from CMU 110.

[0065] If an abnormal state of the battery cell is determined, both the control unit 121 of the BMU 120 and the CMU interface unit 122 of the BMU 120 store the battery cell state information for dual storage. The control unit 121 of the BMU 120 then takes measures (control) to respond to the abnormal state of the battery cell (see...). Figure 6 (S640 in the middle).

[0066] As described above, according to this disclosure, when the ignition is off, the BMU switches from active mode to sleep mode, and the CMU performs continuous monitoring. This enables continuous monitoring of the battery cells in the high-voltage battery when the electric vehicle is parked without significantly consuming power from the vehicle's auxiliary battery.

[0067] For example, in the prior art, after the ignition is turned off, the BMU and CMU operate normally in active mode for 2 hours, and are then woken up for 10 seconds every 10 minutes for the next 58 hours to perform battery cell monitoring, which consumes approximately 13mA of power. Furthermore, if the BMU and CMU continue to operate in active mode for 60 hours after the ignition is turned off, this consumes approximately 200mA of power.

[0068] However, according to this disclosure, after the ignition device is turned off, the BMU switches from active mode to sleep mode, and only the CMU interface unit continues to operate using backup power from the external battery (e.g., B+ power). Therefore, only approximately 8.1 mA of power is consumed within 60 hours after the ignition device is turned off. This both prevents external battery discharge and allows for continuous monitoring of the battery cells.

[0069] As used in this disclosure (especially in the appended claims), the terms “an” and “the” include both singular and plural indicators, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that any numerical ranges listed in this disclosure are intended to include all subranges contained therein (unless otherwise explicitly indicated), and therefore, the disclosed numerical ranges include each individual value between the minimum and maximum values ​​of the numerical range.

[0070] Unless a particular order is described or otherwise specified, the steps constituting a method according to this disclosure may be performed in a suitable order. In other words, this disclosure is not necessarily limited to the order in which the steps are described. All examples described herein or their indicative terms (“e.g.,” “such as”) are used only to describe this disclosure in more detail. Therefore, it should be understood that the scope of this disclosure is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described above or by the use of such terms, unless limited by the appended claims. Moreover, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, and substitutions can be made within the scope of the appended claims or their equivalents, depending on design conditions and factors.

[0071] Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments, but is intended to include all modifications, equivalents and substitutions that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery management system, comprising: The cell monitoring unit (CMU) is configured as follows: Continuously monitor the status of multiple battery cells included in the battery module; and Upon detecting an abnormal state in at least one of the plurality of battery cells, the abnormal state of the at least one battery cell is notified to the Battery Management Unit (BMU); and The BMU is configured as follows: Manage the CMU; and Upon receiving notification of the abnormal state of the at least one battery cell from the CMU, the BMU switches from sleep mode to active mode and responds to the abnormal state of the at least one battery cell.

2. The battery management system according to claim 1, wherein, The BMU is further configured to switch from the active mode to the sleep mode when the ignition device is turned off.

3. The battery management system according to claim 2, wherein, The BMU is further configured to operate in the hibernation mode by using backup power from an external battery after the ignition device is turned off.

4. The battery management system according to claim 1, wherein, The CMU is further configured to operate in active mode during a preset continuous monitoring period after the ignition device is turned off.

5. A battery management system for a vehicle, the battery management system comprising: The cell monitoring unit (CMU) includes: The battery cell monitoring unit is configured to continuously monitor the status of multiple battery cells included in the battery module and generate battery cell status information; and The Battery Management Unit (BMU) interface unit is configured to communicate with the BMU and send the battery cell status information to the BMU; and The BMU includes: The CMU interface unit is configured to communicate with the CMU and receive the battery cell status information; The power supply unit is configured to provide backup power from an external battery to the CMU interface unit; and The control unit is configured to manage the CMU based on the battery cell status information received through the CMU interface unit. The battery cell monitoring unit of the CMU is further configured to: when an abnormal state of at least one of the plurality of battery cells is detected, notify the BMU of the abnormal state of the at least one battery cell through the BMU interface unit of the CMU, and The control unit of the BMU is further configured to: when receiving a notification of the abnormal state of the at least one battery cell from the CMU through the CMU interface unit of the BMU, switch from sleep mode to active mode and respond to the abnormal state of the at least one battery cell.

6. The battery management system according to claim 5, wherein, Upon receiving a notification of the abnormal state of the at least one battery cell from the BMU interface unit of the CMU, the CMU interface unit of the BMU is further configured to wake up the control unit of the BMU.

7. The battery management system according to claim 6, wherein, When the control unit of the BMU is woken up by the CMU interface unit of the BMU, it is further configured to: The battery cell status information is requested from the CMU via the CMU interface unit of the BMU; and The presence of the abnormal state of the at least one battery cell is determined based on the battery cell status information received from the CMU.

8. The battery management system according to claim 5, wherein, The CMU interface unit of the BMU is further configured to continue operating using the backup power from the external battery provided by the power supply unit of the BMU after the ignition device is turned off.

9. The battery management system according to claim 5, wherein, The battery cell monitoring unit of the CMU is further configured to operate in the activity mode during a preset continuous monitoring period after the ignition device is turned off.

10. The battery management system according to claim 5, wherein, The control unit of the BMU is further configured to set the CMU interface unit to operate continuously during a preset continuous monitoring period when the ignition device is turned off.

11. The battery management system according to claim 5, wherein, The control unit of the BMU is further configured to switch from the active mode to the sleep mode when the ignition device is turned off.

12. The battery management system according to claim 5, wherein, The control unit of the BMU and the CMU interface unit of the BMU are further configured to dual-store the battery cell status information.

13. A method for operating a battery management system, the method comprising: The cell monitoring unit (CMU) continuously monitors the status of multiple battery cells included in the battery module; The CMU detects the abnormal state of at least one of the plurality of battery cells; When the CMU detects an abnormal state of at least one of the plurality of battery cells, it notifies the battery management unit (BMU) of the abnormal state of the at least one battery cell. When the CMU receives a notification of the abnormal state of the at least one battery cell, the BMU switches from sleep mode to active mode and responds to the abnormal state of the at least one battery cell.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein, Continuous monitoring includes: The CMU operates in the activity mode during a preset continuous monitoring period after the ignition device is turned off.

15. The method according to claim 13, wherein, Responding to the abnormal state includes: The control unit of the BMU is woken up by the CMU interface unit of the BMU; The control unit of the BMU requests battery cell status information from the CMU through the CMU interface unit of the BMU; The control unit of the BMU determines whether the abnormal state of the at least one battery cell exists based on the battery cell status information received from the CMU; and The control unit of the BMU responds to the abnormal state of the at least one battery cell based on the determination that the abnormal state of the at least one battery cell exists.

16. The method of claim 13, further comprising, before detecting the abnormal state, When the ignition device is turned off, the BMU switches from the active mode to the sleep mode.

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