Antenna device and electronic device

Abstract

This application discloses an antenna device and electronic device, belonging to the field of power electronics technology. The antenna device includes: a radiating layer comprising at least two mutually coupled antenna elements; and a liquid crystal decoupling layer disposed on at least one side of the radiating layer. A portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna elements is reflected by the liquid crystal decoupling layer to form decoupled electromagnetic waves. An amplitude difference and / or phase difference exists between the decoupled electromagnetic waves and another portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna elements, which are superimposed and canceled out. This application embodiment enables antenna decoupling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power electronics technology, and more particularly to antenna devices and electronic devices. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread adoption of 5G (5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology), MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) antenna technology, as a key technology for improving communication channel capacity, has been widely used.

[0003] However, with the compression of antenna clearance area and the increase of 5G communication frequency bands, the mutual coupling problem between antennas has become increasingly significant. The mutual coupling phenomenon will lead to the deterioration of antenna performance indicators, such as reduced radiation efficiency and narrowed radiation bandwidth, which in turn will affect the channel capacity of the entire communication system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this application is to provide an antenna device and electronic device, which aims to at least solve the technical problem of how to achieve antenna decoupling.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, embodiments of this application provide an antenna device, the antenna device comprising:

[0006] A radiating layer comprising at least two mutually coupled antenna elements;

[0007] A liquid crystal decoupling layer is disposed on at least one side of the radiating layer. A portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna unit are reflected by the liquid crystal decoupling layer to form decoupled electromagnetic waves. There is an amplitude difference and / or a phase difference between the decoupled electromagnetic waves and another portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna unit, which are superimposed and canceled out.

[0008] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, this application also provides an electronic device, which includes the antenna device described above.

[0009] This application proposes an antenna device and electronic device that overcomes the mutual coupling problem between antennas in related technologies. The antenna device includes: a radiating layer comprising at least two mutually coupled antenna elements; and a liquid crystal decoupling layer disposed on at least one side of the radiating layer. A portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna elements is reflected by the liquid crystal decoupling layer to form a decoupled electromagnetic wave. The decoupled electromagnetic wave and another portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna elements have an amplitude difference and / or a phase difference that superimposes and cancels each other out. This application, by adding a liquid crystal decoupling layer on at least one side of the radiating layer, provides a reflection path for a portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the mutually coupled antenna elements disposed within the radiating layer to form a decoupled electromagnetic wave. This decoupled electromagnetic wave can cancel out the induced electromagnetic field generated on adjacent antenna elements by the other portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna elements, avoiding the influence of the induced electromagnetic field on antenna performance, improving the isolation between antennas, and achieving decoupling between antenna elements. Attached Figure Description

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna device provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0012] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna device provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0013] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid crystal decoupling layer in an antenna device according to another embodiment of this application;

[0014] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the isolation parameter S12 involved in an antenna device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0015] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radiating layer in an antenna device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0016] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna device provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional assembly structure diagram of an antenna device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0018] The realization of the objectives, functional features and advantages of the embodiments of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0020] 100, Radiating layer; 101, Antenna element; 200, Liquid crystal decoupling layer; 300, Dielectric pillar; 201, Liquid crystal layer; 202, Alignment layer; 102, First dielectric substrate; 103, Parasitic element; 400, Feed coupling layer; 4, Second dielectric substrate; 5, Coupling gap; 2, Third dielectric substrate; 3, Feed element; 1, Grounding structure. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0022] With the widespread adoption of 5G (5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology), MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) antenna technology, as a key technology for improving communication channel capacity, has been widely used.

[0023] However, with the miniaturization and larger screens of mobile terminals, antenna clearance is constantly being compressed, and the number of frequency bands is increasing, leading to an increase in the number of antennas. This exacerbates the mutual coupling problem between adjacent antennas, affecting antenna efficiency, throughput, and radiation patterns. To solve the mutual coupling problem, a series of decoupling methods have emerged, mainly divided into two categories: blocking coupling paths and canceling coupling. For example, the defective ground method, by disrupting the integrity of the ground, can cause directional radiation leakage from the antenna, resulting in an increased back lobe and deteriorated main lobe directivity. Neutralization line technology achieves decoupling by changing the routing of microstrip lines and adding stub paths, but this is difficult to implement when antenna space is limited. Self-decoupling antennas achieve decoupling by adjusting the antenna layout to achieve cross-polarity decoupling of the antenna radiation patterns, but the antenna layout has significant limitations and is difficult to implement in highly integrated small mobile terminals with limited space.

[0024] Based on this, embodiments of this application provide an antenna device and electronic device. The decoupling principle adopted is to introduce a coupling path to cancel the original coupling, without affecting the original antenna structure, and is easier to implement on mobile terminal devices. Specifically, embodiments of this application add a liquid crystal decoupling layer on at least one side of the radiating layer, providing a reflection path for a portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated by mutually coupled antenna elements disposed in the radiating layer to form a decoupled electromagnetic wave. This decoupled electromagnetic wave can cancel the induced electromagnetic field generated on adjacent antenna elements by another portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna elements, avoiding the influence of the induced electromagnetic field on the antenna performance, improving the isolation between antennas, and realizing decoupling between antenna elements.

[0025] The antenna device and electronic device provided in this application are specifically described through the following embodiments. First, the antenna device in the embodiments of this application is described.

[0026] This application provides an antenna device, with reference to... Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application. The antenna device includes:

[0027] The radiating layer 100 includes at least two mutually coupled antenna elements 101.

[0028] A liquid crystal decoupling layer 200 is disposed on at least one side of the radiating layer 100. A portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna unit 101 are reflected by the liquid crystal decoupling layer 200 to form decoupled electromagnetic waves. There is an amplitude difference and / or a phase difference between the decoupled electromagnetic waves and another portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna unit 101 so that they can be superimposed and canceled out.

[0029] In this embodiment, the coupling between mutually coupled antenna elements 101 may include spatial wave coupling, that is, part of the energy distributed on antenna element 101 is spatially coupled to generate an induced electromagnetic field on another adjacent antenna element 101, affecting its normal electromagnetic field distribution, resulting in a decrease in antenna performance and a reduction in isolation.

[0030] It is understood that mutual coupling is a phenomenon that occurs between different antenna elements 101. Therefore, the antenna device provided in this embodiment includes at least two antenna elements 101. For ease of description, the following embodiments will be described using two antenna elements 101 as an example, but this does not mean that the antenna device provided in this embodiment can only contain two antenna elements 101.

[0031] To mitigate the impact of spatial wave coupling on antenna performance, this embodiment may deploy a liquid crystal decoupling layer 200 on one or more sides of the radiating layer 100 where the antenna element 101 is located. Figure 1This illustration shows an example of a liquid crystal decoupling layer 200 disposed on one side of the radiating layer 100 (this does not imply that this is the only possible arrangement; the specific placement can be adjusted according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not impose any limitations on this). This allows a portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna element 101 to be reflected by the liquid crystal decoupling layer 200, forming decoupled electromagnetic waves. These decoupled electromagnetic waves can cancel out the induced electromagnetic fields generated on adjacent antenna elements 101 by another portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna element 101, thereby reducing the impact of coupling on antenna performance and improving the isolation between antenna elements 101. Specifically, by adjusting the position and dielectric constant of the liquid crystal decoupling layer 200, the radiation path of the decoupled electromagnetic waves can be changed, thereby altering the amplitude difference and / or phase difference between the decoupled electromagnetic waves and the other portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna element 101. As long as an amplitude difference and / or phase difference exists, there will be a certain degree of cancellation effect on mutual coupling. Under certain conditions, the optimal decoupling effect can be achieved.

[0032] In some feasible embodiments, the amplitude of the decoupled electromagnetic wave is equal to the amplitude of another portion of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna element 101, and the phase of the decoupled electromagnetic wave is opposite to the phase of the other portion of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna element 101.

[0033] In this embodiment, when the amplitude difference between the decoupled electromagnetic wave and the other part of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna unit 101 is zero, and the phase difference between the decoupled electromagnetic wave and the other part of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna unit 101 is 180°, the decoupling effect can be considered to be optimal, that is, the decoupled electromagnetic wave can completely cancel the influence of the other part of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna unit 101 on the performance of the adjacent antenna unit 101.

[0034] Reference Figure 2 In some feasible embodiments, the antenna device described above may further include:

[0035] Dielectric pillar 300 is disposed between radiating layer 100 and liquid crystal decoupling layer 200. Dielectric pillar 300 is used to adjust the spacing between antenna element 101 and liquid crystal decoupling layer 200.

[0036] In this embodiment, the radiating layer 100 and the liquid crystal decoupling layer 200 can be connected by a dielectric pillar 300. By determining the spacing between the liquid crystal decoupling layer 200 and the radiating layer 100, the design height of the dielectric pillar 300 can be determined.

[0037] As an example, generally speaking, once the antenna device is packaged, the height of the dielectric pillar 300 cannot be adjusted unless it is disassembled and reassembled. Therefore, before packaging, it is necessary to perform reasonable calculations based on the relevant parameters of the antenna element 101 in the radiating layer 100 and the relevant parameters of the liquid crystal decoupling layer 200 to determine the most suitable height of the dielectric pillar 300. This ensures that even after the antenna device is packaged, the decoupling effect can be changed by adjusting other adjustable parameters once the height of the dielectric pillar 300 is determined.

[0038] In some feasible embodiments, the height of the dielectric pillar 300 is determined according to the wavelength of the antenna element 101.

[0039] In this embodiment, during the antenna debugging stage, the operating frequency of the antenna can be determined first. For a multi-frequency antenna, the median value of its multi-frequency points is determined as its operating frequency. After the operating frequency is determined, the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency can be obtained, and a certain proportion of the wavelength is used as the height of the dielectric pillar 300.

[0040] As an example, in this embodiment, one-tenth of its wavelength can be used as the height of the dielectric pillar 300, that is, the spacing between the liquid crystal decoupling layer 200 and the radiating layer 100 is kept to be one-tenth of the wavelength.

[0041] Reference Figure 3 In some feasible embodiments, the liquid crystal decoupling layer 200 includes:

[0042] Liquid crystal layer 201 is connected to a bias voltage, which is used to change the dielectric constant of liquid crystal layer 201 to change the amplitude and phase of decoupled electromagnetic wave.

[0043] An alignment layer 202 is disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the liquid crystal layer 201, and the alignment layer 202 is used to adjust the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 201.

[0044] In this embodiment, the liquid crystal decoupling layer 200 is composed of a liquid crystal layer 201 and an alignment layer 202. The alignment layer 202 can be coated on the upper and lower surfaces of the liquid crystal layer 201. The coating of the alignment layer 202 will affect the initial orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 201, thereby affecting the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 201. By applying an adjustable bias voltage to the liquid crystal layer 201, the long axis deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 201 can be further controlled, thereby changing the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 201.

[0045] As an example, such as Figure 3As shown, some of the electromagnetic waves radiated by antenna element 101 will affect adjacent antenna elements 101 via path 1, resulting in mutual coupling. However, after introducing the liquid crystal decoupling layer 200, some of the electromagnetic waves radiated by antenna element 101 can be reflected by the liquid crystal decoupling layer 200. When the incident wave is incident on the dielectric interface, the reflected wave will form a new coupling path between two adjacent antenna elements 101, which is equivalent to path 2 being used to transmit the decoupled electromagnetic wave. When the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 201 changes, the amplitude and phase of the reflected wave will change accordingly (liquid crystal dielectric). As the constant increases, the refraction angle decreases, and the amplitude of the reflected electric field increases, the superposition and cancellation of the coupled wave transmitted through path 1 and the reflected wave transmitted through path 2 changes. The bias voltage applied to the two poles of the liquid crystal layer 201 is gradually increased within the threshold voltage. At the same time, the isolation change of the two antenna elements 101 is monitored. When the isolation meets the index requirements, the spatial wave decoupling between the two antenna elements 101 can be achieved. For example, when the electromagnetic waves transmitted through path 2 and path 1 have equal amplitudes and opposite phases, they superimpose and cancel each other out, and the two antenna elements 101 are completely decoupled.

[0046] In some feasible embodiments, with the height of the dielectric pillar 300 determined, the bias voltage is determined based on the operating frequency, isolation, and a preset lookup table of the antenna element 101, wherein the preset lookup table includes the correspondence between the operating frequency, isolation, and bias voltage of the antenna element 101.

[0047] In this embodiment, with the height of the dielectric pillar 300 fixed, i.e., the distance between the liquid crystal decoupling layer 200 and the radiating layer 100 essentially constant, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 201 can be changed by adjusting the bias voltage, thereby adjusting the decoupling effect of the liquid crystal decoupling layer 200 on the two antenna elements 101. The preset lookup table can be obtained by summarizing the correspondence between the operating frequency, bias voltage, and isolation of the antenna element 101. When the antenna element 101 operates at a certain frequency, the frequency can be collected and fed back to the control system for adjusting the bias voltage, so that the control system can adjust the bias voltage according to the correspondence between the operating frequency and the bias voltage until the isolation reaches the preset isolation target. At this point, the decoupling between the two antenna elements 101 can be considered complete.

[0048] In some feasible embodiments, the liquid crystal layer 201 described above can be made of a positive liquid crystal material.

[0049] In this embodiment, when the liquid crystal layer 201 is made of a positive liquid crystal material, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal increases with the increase of voltage within the threshold voltage range.

[0050] As an example, in this embodiment, when the liquid crystal layer 201 is made of a positive liquid crystal material, its dielectric constant can be in the range of 2.5 to 8, and the bias voltage can be adjusted in the range of 1 to 7 volts.

[0051] As an example, in this embodiment, after adding the liquid crystal decoupling layer 200 as described above to a group of MIMO antennas with frequency ranges of 1 to 5 GHz, the isolation parameter S12 curve obtained through simulation testing is shown in the figure below. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the brown curve represents the initial antenna isolation, and the red curve represents the isolation after adding the liquid crystal decoupling layer 200. It can be seen that the multi-frequency antenna at the 1 to 5 GHz frequency points has achieved a significant improvement in isolation. The correspondence between the control voltage and isolation of the multi-frequency antenna at the 1 to 5 GHz frequency points is shown in Table 1. According to this correspondence, the control voltage at both ends of the liquid crystal can be changed as the frequency band switches when the antenna is working, thereby realizing real-time decoupling of different frequency bands.

[0052] Table 1

[0053] Operating frequency 1G 1.5G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 4G 4.5G 5G Control voltage 2.4V 3.2V 4.6V 5V 5.8V 6V 6.2V 6.6V 7V Isolation -90 -80 -60 -40 -35 -50 -40 -40 -40

[0054] Reference Figure 5 In some feasible embodiments, the radiation layer 100 may further include:

[0055] The first dielectric substrate 102 is used to support the antenna unit 101.

[0056] Parasitic element 103 is disposed between at least two antenna elements 101 and is used to decouple the at least two antenna elements 101 from surface waves.

[0057] In this embodiment, considering that in addition to spatial wave coupling, surface wave coupling may also exist between antenna elements 101, this embodiment adds a parasitic unit 103 between the two antenna elements 101 to destroy the surface wave coupling between the two antenna elements 101, thereby achieving surface wave decoupling.

[0058] Reference Figure 6 In some feasible embodiments, the antenna device described above may further include:

[0059] A feed coupling layer 400 is attached to the first dielectric substrate 102 and is used to decouple the antenna element 101 from the feed.

[0060] In this embodiment, considering that in addition to spatial wave coupling and surface wave coupling, the power supply also affects the coupling of the antenna element 101, this embodiment provides a differential power supply network for the antenna element 101 by adding a power supply coupling layer 400, which increases the difference in phase and polarization between the two antenna elements 101, reduces the coupling between the antenna elements 101 from the source, and is more suitable for various antenna types.

[0061] Reference Figure 7 In some feasible embodiments, the aforementioned feed coupling layer 400 may specifically include:

[0062] The second dielectric substrate 4 is attached to the first dielectric substrate 102.

[0063] The coupling gap 5 is disposed in the second dielectric substrate 4, and the position of the coupling gap 5 in the vertical direction corresponds to the position of the antenna element 101 in the first dielectric substrate 102.

[0064] The third dielectric substrate 2 is attached to the second dielectric substrate 4.

[0065] The power supply unit 3 is disposed in the third dielectric substrate 2, and the position of the power supply unit 3 corresponds to the position of the coupling gap 5 in the second dielectric substrate 4.

[0066] Grounding structure 1 is disposed on the side of the third dielectric substrate 2 away from the second dielectric substrate 4.

[0067] In this embodiment, the feeding unit 3 consists of two orthogonal feeding ports, forming a differential feeding network for the antenna unit 101. The coupling network loads a cross-shaped slot on the metal ground of the second dielectric substrate 4 to couple and feed the antenna unit 101.

[0068] As an example, this embodiment provides, for instance, the following: Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the three-dimensional assembly structure of the antenna device shown illustrates the specific structural design of the feed coupling layer 400 and the above embodiments. Figures 1 to 7 It can be seen that label 6 corresponds to the first dielectric substrate 102, label 7 corresponds to the antenna element 101, label 8 corresponds to the parasitic element 103, label 9 corresponds to the dielectric pillar 300, and label 10 corresponds to the liquid crystal decoupling layer 200.

[0069] This embodiment provides an antenna device that introduces a new reflected wave coupling path by loading a liquid crystal layer with an adjustable dielectric constant onto the signal radiation path of the antenna element. Controlling the voltage of the liquid crystal layer and the height of the dielectric pillars cancels out and decouples the spatial wave coupling. Surface wave decoupling is achieved by introducing parasitic stubs between antenna elements. Furthermore, feed decoupling is achieved by adding a differential feed network, further reducing coupling between antenna elements. This embodiment reduces coupling between antenna elements in three ways, and different antenna types can be decoupled at different frequency bands by adjusting the feed phase, the voltage of the liquid crystal layer, and the height of the dielectric pillars. The antenna device provided in this embodiment can be implemented using microstrip dielectric technology, making it suitable for both small mobile terminals and large arrays.

[0070] In addition, this application also provides an electronic device that includes the antenna device provided in the above embodiments.

[0071] The electronic device proposed in this embodiment belongs to the same technical concept as the antenna device proposed in the above embodiments. Technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be found in any of the above embodiments. Furthermore, this embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the above embodiments of the antenna device.

[0072] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of this application are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0073] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified. Additionally, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution that simultaneously satisfies A and B.

[0074] In the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connection" and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0075] It should also be understood that references to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" in the specification of embodiments of this application mean that one or more embodiments of this application include the specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof all mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0076] It should be noted that the technical solutions of the various embodiments of this application can be combined with each other, but only if they are implemented by those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the embodiments of this application.

[0077] The above are merely optional embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the description and drawings of this application, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna device, characterized in that, The antenna device includes: A radiating layer comprising at least two mutually coupled antenna elements; A liquid crystal decoupling layer is disposed on at least one side of the radiating layer. A portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna unit are reflected by the liquid crystal decoupling layer to form decoupled electromagnetic waves. There is an amplitude difference and / or a phase difference between the decoupled electromagnetic waves and another portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna unit, which are superimposed and canceled out.

2. The antenna device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The amplitude of the decoupled electromagnetic wave is equal to the amplitude of the other part of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna element, and the phase of the decoupled electromagnetic wave is opposite to the phase of the other part of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna element.

3. The antenna device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna device further includes: A dielectric pillar is disposed between the radiating layer and the liquid crystal decoupling layer, and the dielectric pillar is used to adjust the spacing between the antenna element and the liquid crystal decoupling layer.

4. The antenna device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The height of the dielectric pillar is determined according to the wavelength of the antenna element.

5. The antenna device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The liquid crystal decoupling layer includes: A liquid crystal layer is provided with a bias voltage, which is used to change the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer to change the amplitude and phase of the decoupled electromagnetic wave. An alignment layer is disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the liquid crystal layer, and the alignment layer is used to adjust the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer.

6. The antenna device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, With the height of the dielectric pillar determined, the bias voltage is determined based on the operating frequency, isolation, and a preset lookup table of the antenna element, wherein the preset lookup table includes the correspondence between the operating frequency, isolation, and bias voltage of the antenna element.

7. The antenna device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, The liquid crystal layer is made of positive liquid crystal material.

8. The antenna device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer is in the range of 2.5 to 8, and the bias voltage is adjustable in the range of 1 to 7 volts.

9. The antenna device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The radiation layer also includes: A first dielectric substrate, wherein the first dielectric substrate is used to support the antenna unit; A parasitic unit is disposed between the at least two antenna elements, and the parasitic unit is used to decouple the at least two antenna elements from surface waves.

10. The antenna device as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, The antenna device further includes: A power coupling layer is provided, which is attached to the first dielectric substrate, and is used to decouple the antenna element from the power supply.

11. The antenna device as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, The feed coupling layer includes: A second dielectric substrate is disposed in conjunction with the first dielectric substrate; A coupling slot is disposed in the second dielectric substrate, and the position of the coupling slot in the vertical direction corresponds to the position of the antenna element in the first dielectric substrate. A third dielectric substrate is disposed in conjunction with the second dielectric substrate; A power supply unit is disposed in the third dielectric substrate, and the position of the power supply unit corresponds to the position of the coupling gap in the second dielectric substrate. A grounding structure is provided on the side of the third dielectric substrate away from the second dielectric substrate.

12. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes an antenna device as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

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