Full-band dynamic spectrum scanning method and apparatus based on software radio

Abstract

This application relates to a method and apparatus for full-band dynamic spectrum scanning based on software-defined radio devices. The method includes: coordinating frequency switching commands and data stream processing through a dynamic spectrum scheduling module; dynamically reconfiguring the USRP center frequency through a UHD driver interface; employing a sliding window spectrum fusion algorithm to weightedly superimpose scanning results from adjacent frequency bands to eliminate signal breakpoints between bands; stitching together the spectrum data collected from each frequency point in frequency order to form a full-bandwidth continuous spectrum map; and using a frequency domain overlap preservation method to smooth spectrum edges and avoid spectrum leakage at band boundaries. This method overcomes the limitations of single frequency points, achieving seamless spectrum sensing over a wide bandwidth; users can customize the scanning range, step size, and dwell time to adapt to various application scenarios; and by combining driver layer optimization with signal processing algorithms, scanning efficiency and spectrum quality are improved, achieving low-cost spectrum scanning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wireless communication technology and relates to a method and apparatus for full-band dynamic spectrum scanning based on software-defined radio devices. Background Technology

[0002] Software-defined radio (SDR)-based spectrum monitoring systems offer excellent cost-effectiveness and are widely used in various research fields. Gnuradio, a widely used open-source platform, provides a rich set of signal processing modules. However, in spectrum monitoring applications, Gnuradio's existing spectrum scanning capabilities are limited by its inherent architecture. Existing components require manual configuration of a single center frequency, support only static frequency settings, and cannot achieve dynamic switching between multiple frequency points. To cover multiple frequency bands, users need to reconfigure and restart the process multiple times, or rely on hardware frequency hopping modules. However, hardware frequency hopping modules are expensive and have poor scalability, making them unsuitable for applications requiring rapid, large-scale spectrum scanning. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the technical bottlenecks in dynamic frequency switching and system architecture adaptation during full-bandwidth continuous spectrum scanning based on the Gnuradio platform, this invention proposes a full-band dynamic spectrum scanning method and apparatus based on software-defined radio devices. This method can leverage the maximum performance of professional SDR hardware to achieve high-speed, accurate, and real-time scanning, realizing the goal of seamless multi-band scanning without hardware modification. It breaks through the limitations of the existing framework and achieves fast and continuous full-bandwidth scanning.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention adopt the following technical solutions: On the one hand, a full-band dynamic spectrum scanning method based on software-defined radio equipment is provided, the method comprising the following steps: Step 100: Coordinate frequency switching commands and data stream processing through the dynamic spectrum scheduling module; dynamically reconfigure the USRP center frequency through the UHD driver interface, and set a short silence period during the switching interval.

[0005] Step 101: Using a sliding window spectrum fusion algorithm, the scanning results of adjacent frequency bands are weighted and superimposed to eliminate signal breakpoints between frequency bands; the spectrum data collected at each frequency point are spliced ​​together in frequency order to form a full-bandwidth continuous spectrum map; the frequency domain overlap preservation method is used to smooth the spectrum edges to avoid spectrum leakage at the frequency band boundary.

[0006] On the other hand, a full-band dynamic spectrum scanning device based on software-defined radio equipment is also provided, the device comprising: The dynamic spectrum scheduling module is used to coordinate frequency switching commands and data stream processing; it dynamically reconfigures the USRP center frequency through the UHD driver interface and sets a short silence period during the switching interval. The full-band continuous spectrum scanning module is used to employ a sliding window spectrum fusion algorithm to weight and superimpose the scanning results of adjacent frequency bands, eliminating signal breakpoints between frequency bands; it splices the spectrum data collected at each frequency point in frequency order to form a full-bandwidth continuous spectrum map; and it uses a frequency domain overlap preservation method to smooth the spectrum edges, avoiding spectrum leakage at frequency band boundaries.

[0007] One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages and beneficial effects: The aforementioned method and apparatus for full-band dynamic spectrum scanning based on software-defined radio equipment includes the following steps: coordinating frequency switching commands and data stream processing through a dynamic spectrum scheduling module; dynamically reconfiguring the USRP center frequency through a UHD driver interface and setting a brief silence period during switching intervals; employing a sliding window spectrum fusion algorithm to weightedly superimpose scanning results from adjacent frequency bands to eliminate signal breakpoints between frequency bands; stitching together the spectrum data collected from each frequency point in frequency order to form a continuous full-bandwidth spectrum map; and using a frequency domain overlap preservation method to smooth spectrum edges and avoid spectrum leakage at frequency band boundaries. This method overcomes the limitations of single frequency points, achieving seamless spectrum sensing over a wide bandwidth; users can customize the scanning range, step size, and dwell time to adapt to various application scenarios; and by combining driver layer optimization with signal processing algorithms, scanning efficiency and spectrum quality are improved, achieving low-cost spectrum scanning. Attached Figure Description

[0008] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the conventional technology, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the conventional technology will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0009] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a full-band dynamic spectrum scanning method based on a software-defined radio device in one embodiment. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a full-bandwidth continuous spectrum scan in one embodiment; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of full-bandwidth continuous spectrum scan data processing in one embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the acquisition of signals using conventional methods in one embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the signal acquisition method used in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0010] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0011] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0012] It should be noted that, in this document, the reference to "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The presentation of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments. The term "and / or" as used herein refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items, and all possible combinations, including such combinations.

[0013] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0014] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a full-band dynamic spectrum scanning method based on a software-defined radio device is provided, which may include the following processing steps 100 to 101: Step 100: Coordinate frequency switching commands and data stream processing through the dynamic spectrum scheduling module; dynamically reconfigure the USRP center frequency through the UHD driver interface, and set a short silence period during the switching interval.

[0015] Specifically, after the USRP series board B210 is powered on, the device will first be initialized, during which a complete calibration (including RF / BB PLL calibration) will be performed. The method involved in this invention requires the use of a fast frequency switching function. During initialization, the Fast Lock function needs to be enabled first, and then the profile configuration parameters are calculated. After the calculation is completed, the calculation results are saved to the profile parameter table. When switching between different frequencies, only the parameters of the corresponding frequency need to be called to complete the microsecond-level frequency switching.

[0016] In practical applications, if the bandwidth range being scanned is less than 8×Fs MHz (where Fs is the sampling rate), then only one set of profile configuration data is needed. If the bandwidth range being scanned is greater than 8×Fs MHz, then multiple sets of profile configuration data are required for a ping-pong operation, switching back and forth between multiple profiles to achieve the timing-based multi-frequency switching function. The principle of its full-bandwidth continuous spectrum scanning is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0017] The Gnuradio source code adds function modules such as fastlock_store_all, update_fastlock_profile, fastlock_recall, fastlock_load, fastlock_save, fastlock_prepare, fastlock_readval, and fastlock_writeval to coordinate frequency switching commands and data stream processing. By calling these API functions in a specific order, real-time dynamic configuration of the center frequency can be achieved, supporting microsecond-level frequency switching.

[0018] Based on the Gnuradio open-source platform, it is easy to integrate into existing systems and supports a variety of SDR hardware devices based on ad9361.

[0019] Step 101: Using a sliding window spectrum fusion algorithm, the scanning results of adjacent frequency bands are weighted and superimposed to eliminate signal breakpoints between frequency bands; the spectrum data collected at each frequency point are spliced ​​together in frequency order to form a full-bandwidth continuous spectrum map; the frequency domain overlap preservation method is used to smooth the spectrum edges to avoid spectrum leakage at the frequency band boundary.

[0020] Specifically, a multi-threaded time-sharing multiplexing mechanism is adopted to decompose the spectrum scanning task into discrete frequency band sub-tasks, and parallel processing is achieved through gr::threaded_block.

[0021] A sliding window spectrum fusion algorithm is employed to weightedly superimpose the scanning results of adjacent frequency bands, eliminating signal breakpoints between frequency bands. The spectrum data collected at each frequency point are then stitched together in frequency order to form a full-bandwidth continuous spectrum map. A frequency domain overlap preservation method is used to smooth the spectrum edges, avoiding spectral leakage at frequency band boundaries. The full-bandwidth continuous spectrum scanning data processing flow is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0022] The system coordinates frequency switching commands through a dynamic spectrum scheduling module, performs FFT transformation on the acquired data, then concatenates and deduplicates the FFT data, and finally plots the spectrum of the acquired signal. This software-controlled dynamic switching of multiple frequencies eliminates the need for a hardware frequency hopping module, offering high cost-effectiveness and excellent scalability.

[0023] The aforementioned full-band dynamic spectrum scanning method based on software-defined radio equipment includes: coordinating frequency switching commands and data stream processing through a dynamic spectrum scheduling module; dynamically reconfiguring the USRP center frequency through the UHD driver interface and setting a brief silence period during switching intervals; employing a sliding window spectrum fusion algorithm to weightedly superimpose scanning results from adjacent frequency bands to eliminate signal breakpoints between frequency bands; stitching together the spectrum data collected from each frequency point in frequency order to form a continuous full-bandwidth spectrum map; and using a frequency domain overlap preservation method to smooth spectrum edges and avoid spectrum leakage at frequency band boundaries. This method overcomes the limitations of a single frequency point, achieving seamless spectrum sensing over a wide bandwidth; users can customize the scanning range, step size, and dwell time to adapt to various application scenarios; and by combining driver layer optimization with signal processing algorithms, scanning efficiency and spectrum quality are improved, achieving low-cost spectrum scanning.

[0024] In one embodiment, step 100 includes: based on a user-set starting frequency. Termination frequency and frequency step Generate frequency switching sequence: ; in, For the first i One frequency point, N This represents the total number of frequency points.

[0025] At each frequency point Preset stay time The time-domain signal at this frequency point is acquired and converted into frequency-domain data using FFT. During frequency switching, the USRP center frequency is dynamically reconfigured through the UHD driver interface, and a short silence period is set during the switching interval to avoid signal distortion.

[0026] In one embodiment, step 101 includes: using a sliding window spectrum fusion algorithm to weight and superimpose the scanning results of adjacent frequency bands to eliminate signal breakpoints between frequency bands; and stitching together the spectrum data collected at each frequency point in frequency order to form a full-bandwidth continuous spectrum diagram as follows: ; in, It is a continuous spectrum of the full bandwidth. For the first i Spectrum data collected at each frequency point N This represents the number of frequency points.

[0027] The frequency domain overlap preservation method is used to smooth the spectrum edges and avoid spectrum leakage at the frequency band boundary.

[0028] In a specific implementation, the specific implementation steps of the full-band dynamic spectrum scanning method based on software-defined radio equipment are as follows: (1) Create a new project in Gnuradio and import the custom spectrum scan block (i.e., custom module installation). (2) Configure USRP device parameters (sampling rate, gain, etc.); (3) Set scanning parameters: start frequency, end frequency, step interval, and acquisition time per frequency point; (4) Operation flowchart: USRP will automatically switch frequencies according to the set sequence, collect and stitch the spectrum; (5) Display or save the full bandwidth spectrum in real time for subsequent analysis or monitoring.

[0029] The scanning controller drives the underlying hardware to complete frequency hopping based on the frequency point sequence output by the adaptive algorithm, and then fuses and outputs the multi-band scanning results.

[0030] In a specific embodiment, when performing full-band spectrum data analysis from 70 to 6000 MHz, it is necessary to switch between multiple frequency points, collect signals at each frequency point, and finally perform spectrum stitching to obtain complete full-band data. The frequency points of the full-band data must be sequentially continuous to ensure the accuracy of the analyzed frequency points. If the data is discontinuous, analyzing the frequency points becomes very difficult, and the obtained frequency points will not change linearly. Recursively applying linear formulas will lead to randomly incorrect frequency points.

[0031] like Figure 4 As shown, using a standard USRP source component, with the frequency switching time set to 100ms, the obtained time-domain data is from... Figure 4 As can be seen, the data does not appear at equal intervals. Therefore, when performing FFT data analysis on equally spaced data, the obtained spectrum data will be random frequency points. When performing spectrum stitching later, the obtained frequency point data will be inaccurate.

[0032] like Figure 5 As shown, after using this method and setting the frequency switching time to 1ms, the obtained time-domain data is from... Figure 5 As can be seen, the data appears stably and at equal intervals. When performing FFT data analysis on the equally spaced data, the obtained spectrum data also shows stable frequency points. Therefore, the frequency point data obtained during subsequent spectrum stitching is accurate, allowing for correct frequency point analysis.

[0033] It should be understood that, although the above Figure 1The steps are shown sequentially as indicated by the arrows, but these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise explicitly stated in this document, there is no strict order in which these steps are executed; they can be performed in other orders. Furthermore, the above... Figure 1 At least some of the steps may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0034] In one embodiment, a full-band dynamic spectrum scanning device based on a software-defined radio is also provided, the device comprising: The dynamic spectrum scheduling module is used to coordinate frequency switching commands and data stream processing; it dynamically reconfigures the USRP center frequency through the UHD driver interface and sets a short silence period during the switching interval. The full-band continuous spectrum scanning module is used to employ a sliding window spectrum fusion algorithm to weight and superimpose the scanning results of adjacent frequency bands, eliminating signal breakpoints between frequency bands; it splices the spectrum data collected at each frequency point in frequency order to form a full-bandwidth continuous spectrum map; and it uses a frequency domain overlap preservation method to smooth the spectrum edges, avoiding spectrum leakage at frequency band boundaries.

[0035] In one embodiment, the multi-threaded time-sharing and parallel execution module is further configured to adjust the starting frequency according to the user-defined frequency. Termination frequency and frequency step Generate frequency switching sequence: ; in, For the first i One frequency point, N This represents the total number of frequency points.

[0036] At each frequency point Preset stay time The time-domain signal at this frequency point is acquired and converted into frequency-domain data using FFT. During frequency switching, the USRP center frequency is dynamically reconfigured through the UHD driver interface, and a short silence period is set during the switching interval.

[0037] In one embodiment, the full-band continuous spectrum scanning module is further configured to use a sliding window spectrum fusion algorithm to weight and superimpose the scanning results of adjacent frequency bands to eliminate signal breakpoints between frequency bands; to splice the spectrum data collected at each frequency point in frequency order to form a full-bandwidth continuous spectrum map; and to use a frequency domain overlap preservation method to smooth the spectrum edges to avoid spectrum leakage at the frequency band boundary.

[0038] It is understood that for a detailed explanation of the full-band dynamic spectrum scanning device based on software-defined radio equipment, please refer to the corresponding explanations of the various embodiments of the full-band dynamic spectrum scanning method based on software-defined radio equipment mentioned above, and will not be repeated here. Each module in the aforementioned full-band dynamic spectrum scanning device based on software-defined radio equipment can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. Each module can be embedded in hardware or independently of a device with data processing capabilities, or stored in software in the memory of the aforementioned device, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each module. The aforementioned device can be, but is not limited to, various types of data processing computer devices already existing in the art.

[0039] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0040] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed. However, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and all such modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A full-band dynamic spectrum scanning method based on software-defined radio equipment, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Step 100: Coordinate frequency switching commands and data stream processing through the dynamic spectrum scheduling module; The USRP center frequency is dynamically reconfigured via the UHD driver interface, and a short silence period is set during the switching interval. Step 101: Using a sliding window spectrum fusion algorithm, the scanning results of adjacent frequency bands are weighted and superimposed to eliminate signal breakpoints between frequency bands; the spectrum data collected at each frequency point are spliced ​​together in frequency order to form a full-bandwidth continuous spectrum map; the frequency domain overlap preservation method is used to smooth the spectrum edges to avoid spectrum leakage at the frequency band boundary.

2. The full-band dynamic spectrum scanning method based on software-defined radio equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 100 includes: Based on the user-set start frequency Termination frequency and frequency step Generate frequency switching sequence: in, For the first i One frequency point, N The total number of frequency points; At each frequency point Preset stay time Collection frequency points The time-domain signal is converted into frequency-domain data using FFT. ; During frequency switching, the USRP center frequency is dynamically reconfigured through the UHD driver interface, and a short silence period is set during the switching interval.

3. The full-band dynamic spectrum scanning method based on software-defined radio equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 101 includes: A sliding window spectrum fusion algorithm is used to weight and superimpose the scanning results of adjacent frequency bands to eliminate signal breakpoints between frequency bands; the spectrum data collected at each frequency point are spliced ​​together in frequency order to form a continuous spectrum map of the full bandwidth; and the frequency domain overlap preservation method is used to smooth the spectrum edges to avoid spectrum leakage at the frequency band boundary.

4. A full-band dynamic spectrum scanning device based on software-defined radio equipment, characterized in that, include: The dynamic spectrum scheduling module is used to coordinate frequency switching commands and data stream processing; The USRP center frequency is dynamically reconfigured via the UHD driver interface, and a short silence period is set during the switching interval. The full-band continuous spectrum scanning module is used to employ a sliding window spectrum fusion algorithm to weight and superimpose the scanning results of adjacent frequency bands, eliminating signal breakpoints between frequency bands; it splices the spectrum data collected at each frequency point in frequency order to form a full-bandwidth continuous spectrum map; and it uses a frequency domain overlap preservation method to smooth the spectrum edges, avoiding spectrum leakage at frequency band boundaries.

5. The full-band dynamic spectrum scanning device based on software-defined radio equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dynamic spectrum scheduling module is also used to schedule frequencies based on user-defined starting frequencies. Termination frequency and frequency step Generate frequency switching sequence: in, Let N be the i-th frequency point, and N be the total number of frequency points. At each frequency point Preset stay time Collection frequency points The time-domain signal is converted into frequency-domain data using FFT. During frequency switching, the USRP center frequency is dynamically reconfigured through the UHD driver interface, and a short silence period is set during the switching interval.

6. The full-band dynamic spectrum scanning device based on software-defined radio equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The full-band continuous spectrum scanning module is also used to employ a sliding window spectrum fusion algorithm to weight and superimpose the scanning results of adjacent frequency bands to eliminate signal breakpoints between frequency bands; to stitch together the spectrum data collected at each frequency point in frequency order to form a full-bandwidth continuous spectrum map; and to use the frequency domain overlap preservation method to smooth the spectrum edges to avoid spectrum leakage at the frequency band boundary.

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