Hydrophilic and abrasion resistant fiber and process of making

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of hydrophilic wear-resistant fibers and preparation process, and the application relates to the technical field of fiber preparation.The hydrophilic wear-resistant fibers and preparation process include: fiber base material, and the functional modification layer that is compounded on the surface of the fiber base material;The fiber base material is one or more of polyamide fiber, polyester fiber, polypropylene fiber or polyacrylonitrile fiber;The functional modification layer is compounded by hydrophilic component, wear-resistant component and binder, wherein the hydrophilic component accounts for 30%-50% of the total mass of functional modification layer, the wear-resistant component accounts for 20%-40% of the total mass of functional modification layer, and the binder accounts for 10%-30% of the total mass of functional modification layer;The hydrophilic wear-resistant fibers and preparation process, by constructing the functional modification layer compounded by hydrophilic component, wear-resistant component and binder on the surface of fiber base material, hydrophilic component can improve the hydrophilicity of fiber surface, enhance the moisture absorption, moisture conductivity and permeability of fiber, and improve the comfort or work efficiency during use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fiber preparation technology, specifically to a hydrophilic wear-resistant fiber and its preparation process. Background Technology

[0002] Due to their advantages such as lightweight, high strength, and ease of processing, fiber materials are widely used in various fields such as textiles and apparel, medical and health care, filtration and separation, and industrial wiping. In many application scenarios, the hydrophilicity and abrasion resistance of fibers are core performance indicators: hydrophilicity can improve the moisture absorption and breathability of fibers, enhance user comfort, or improve filtration and adsorption efficiency; abrasion resistance directly determines the service life of fiber products, preventing problems such as pilling, fuzzing, and damage during repeated use or friction.

[0003] Currently, many fiber materials on the market suffer from the pain point of "difficulty in achieving both hydrophilicity and abrasion resistance": traditional natural fibers (such as cotton and linen) have a certain degree of hydrophilicity, but poor abrasion resistance and are easily deformed and damaged; synthetic fibers (such as polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, polypropylene fibers, etc.) generally have the problem of strong hydrophobicity and insufficient hydrophilicity, and simply improving hydrophilicity through surface modification often leads to a decrease in the stability of the fiber surface structure and a significant reduction in abrasion resistance.

[0004] To address these issues, various fiber modification schemes have emerged in the prior art. For example, hydrophilicity can be improved by coating the fiber surface with a hydrophilic polymer. However, this scheme does not consider optimizing abrasion resistance, and the hydrophilic coating is prone to peeling off after repeated friction or washing, resulting in poor performance durability. Another scheme involves fusing the hydrophilic component with the fiber substrate through blend spinning. However, this process is complex and costly, and the amount of hydrophilic component added is limited, making it difficult to achieve a significant improvement in hydrophilicity. At the same time, it can negatively impact the mechanical properties of the fiber substrate.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a hydrophilic wear-resistant fiber and a preparation process to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a hydrophilic wear-resistant fiber and its preparation process, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a hydrophilic wear-resistant fiber, comprising: a fiber substrate, and a functional modification layer composited on the surface of the fiber substrate; The fiber substrate is one or more of polyamide fiber, polyester fiber, polypropylene fiber or polyacrylonitrile fiber; The functional modified layer is composed of a hydrophilic component, a wear-resistant component and a binder, wherein the hydrophilic component accounts for 30%-50% of the total mass of the functional modified layer, the wear-resistant component accounts for 20%-40% of the total mass of the functional modified layer, and the binder accounts for 10%-30% of the total mass of the functional modified layer.

[0008] Preferably, the hydrophilic component is one or more of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, sodium polyacrylate, and sodium alginate; the wear-resistant component is one or more of nano-silica, modified nano-montmorillonite, and carbon nanotubes, and the particle size of the wear-resistant component is 30-200 nm.

[0009] Preferably, the modified nano-montmorillonite is nano-montmorillonite modified with a silane coupling agent; the carbon nanotubes are hydroxylated or carboxylated carbon nanotubes.

[0010] Preferably, the adhesive is one or more of waterborne polyurethane, epoxy resin emulsion, or acrylate emulsion; the thickness of the functional modified layer is 50-300 nm.

[0011] A process for preparing a hydrophilic abrasion-resistant fiber includes the following steps: Step 1, Substrate Pretreatment: The fiber substrate is subjected to oxidation treatment, water washing, and drying treatment in sequence; Step 2: Preparation of functional slurry: Add the hydrophilic component and wear-resistant component to deionized water according to the proportion, ultrasonically disperse for 10-30 minutes, then add the binder and stir for 20-60 minutes to obtain a uniform functional slurry; Step 3: Coating treatment: Apply the functional slurry to the pretreated fiber substrate surface using pad coating or spray coating methods, controlling the coating amount to 5-20 g / m². 2 ; Step 4, Curing and Molding: The coated fiber substrate is subjected to pre-baking, curing and cooling treatment in sequence. The pre-baking temperature is 80-120℃ and the pre-baking time is 5-15min. The curing temperature is 130-180℃ and the curing time is 10-30min. After cooling to room temperature, hydrophilic wear-resistant fiber is obtained.

[0012] Preferably, in step one, the oxidation treatment uses a 5-15 wt% ammonium persulfate solution or an alkaline solution containing hydrogen peroxide, the treatment temperature is 50-70℃, and the treatment time is 5-30 min.

[0013] Preferably, in step two, the ultrasonic dispersion power is 100-300W, the stirring speed is 300-800r / min, and the solid content of the functional slurry is 15%-40%.

[0014] Preferably, in step three, the slurry rate of the pad coating is 30%-60%; the spraying pressure is 0.3-0.8 MPa; and the spraying distance is 10-30 cm.

[0015] Preferably, in step four, the curing process employs hot air curing or ultraviolet (UV) curing; when UV curing is used, the UV wavelength is 200-400 nm, and the irradiation intensity is 50-150 mW / cm². 2 The irradiation time is 3-10 minutes.

[0016] Beneficial effects This invention provides a hydrophilic abrasion-resistant fiber and its preparation process. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages: (1) The hydrophilic wear-resistant fiber and its preparation process construct a functional modified layer composed of hydrophilic components, wear-resistant components and binders on the surface of the fiber substrate. The hydrophilic components can improve the hydrophilicity of the fiber surface, enhance the fiber's moisture absorption, moisture conduction and permeability, and improve the comfort or work efficiency during use. The wear-resistant components can form a uniform physical support structure on the fiber surface, enhance the fiber's ability to resist friction and wear, and reduce the occurrence of fuzzing, pilling and breakage. The two work together to enable the fiber to have excellent hydrophilicity and wear resistance at the same time, solving the problem that single functional modification is difficult to meet multiple use requirements.

[0017] (2) The hydrophilic wear-resistant fiber and its preparation process effectively improve the compatibility of the wear-resistant components with the hydrophilic components and the binder by targeted modification treatment, avoid the agglomeration of functional components in the modified layer, and ensure that the modified layer structure is uniform and dense. At the same time, the surface activity of the substrate is enhanced after oxidation pretreatment, and it forms a firm bond with the binder, which improves the adhesion between the functional modified layer and the fiber substrate, prevents the coating from peeling off or delaminating during use, washing or subsequent processing, and ensures that the fiber maintains stable functional performance during long-term use.

[0018] (3) The hydrophilic wear-resistant fiber and its preparation process adopt a simple process of "substrate pretreatment - functional slurry preparation - coating treatment - curing and molding". Each step is easy to operate and does not require complicated reaction conditions or special equipment. The substrate pretreatment method is mild, which can activate the substrate surface without damaging the original mechanical properties of the substrate. The functional slurry can be uniformly dispersed by ultrasonic dispersion and stirring. The coating method can be flexibly selected as padding or spraying. The curing method can be selected as hot air curing or ultraviolet curing according to the production conditions. The overall process is efficient and controllable, reducing production energy consumption and technical threshold, and facilitating large-scale industrial application. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 SEM image of the hydrophilic and abrasion-resistant fiber provided by this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0021] A hydrophilic abrasion-resistant fiber comprises a polyester fiber substrate and a functionally modified layer composited on the surface of the substrate. The functionally modified layer is composed of a hydrophilic component, an abrasion-resistant component, and a binder. The mass percentages of each component in the functionally modified layer are: hydrophilic component (polyethylene glycol) 40%, abrasion-resistant component (nano-silica, average particle size 80 nm) 35%, and binder (waterborne polyurethane) 25%; the thickness of the functionally modified layer is approximately 100 nm. Its preparation process includes the following steps: Substrate pretreatment: The polyester fibers were immersed in a 10% sodium hydroxide solution and alkali-washed at 50°C for 15 minutes to remove surface oil and impurities. They were then thoroughly washed with deionized water until the fiber surface pH reached 7.0, and finally dried in an oven at 110°C for 20 minutes.

[0022] Preparation of functional slurry: Weigh polyethylene glycol and nano-silica according to the above proportions, add them to deionized water, and ultrasonically disperse for 20 min at a power of 200W. Then add waterborne polyurethane binder and stir and mix at a speed of 500 r / min for 40 min to obtain a uniform functional slurry with a solid content of approximately 28%.

[0023] Coating treatment: A pad-on coating method is used. The pretreated fibers are passed through a slurry tank and the slurry rate is controlled at 50% by rollers, so that the coating amount on the fiber surface is controlled at about 12g / m². 2 . Example 2

[0024] A hydrophilic and wear-resistant fiber whose fiber matrix is ​​polyamide fiber.

[0025] The functionally modified layer is composed of the following: 35% hydrophilic component (polyvinylpyrrolidone), 30% wear-resistant component (nano-alumina, average particle size 100nm), and 35% binder (epoxy resin emulsion). The thickness of the functionally modified layer is approximately 150nm. Its preparation process includes the following steps: Substrate pretreatment: The polyamide fibers were immersed in an 8% ammonium persulfate solution and oxidized at 60°C for 20 minutes to activate the fiber surface. After washing with water until neutral, they were dried at 105°C for 25 minutes.

[0026] Preparation of functional slurry: Polyvinylpyrrolidone and nano-alumina were added to deionized water and ultrasonically dispersed at 250W for 25 min. Then, epoxy resin emulsion was added and stirred at 600 r / min for 45 min to obtain a functional slurry with a solid content of approximately 32%.

[0027] Coating treatment: A spraying method is used, employing a spray gun at a pressure of 0.5 MPa and a spraying distance of 20 cm to evenly spray the functional slurry onto the fiber surface, controlling the coating amount to approximately 8 g / m². 2 .

[0028] Curing and molding: The sprayed fibers are first pre-baked at 90℃ for 8 minutes, then cured with hot air at 160℃ for 25 minutes, and the product is obtained after cooling. Example 3

[0029] A hydrophilic and wear-resistant fiber, the fiber base material of which is polyacrylonitrile fiber.

[0030] The functionally modified layer is composed of the following: 45% hydrophilic component (a mixture of polyethylene glycol and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, mass ratio 1:1), 25% wear-resistant component (graphene, sheet size 50-100 nm), and 30% binder (acrylate emulsion). The thickness of the functionally modified layer is approximately 200 nm. Its preparation process includes the following steps: Substrate pretreatment: Polyacrylonitrile fibers were treated in a weakly alkaline solution (pH=9) containing 5wt% hydrogen peroxide at 55°C for 15 min. They were then washed and dried (under the same conditions as in Example 1).

[0031] Preparation of functional slurry: The hydrophilic component and graphene were added to deionized water, and a small amount of dispersant (sodium polyacrylate) was added. The mixture was ultrasonically dispersed at 300W for 30 minutes. Then, acrylate emulsion was added, and the mixture was stirred at 800 r / min for 30 minutes to obtain a homogeneous and stable functional slurry with a solid content of approximately 20%.

[0032] Coating treatment: Roll-on coating is used, with a roll-off rate of 40% and a coating amount of approximately 10 g / m². 2 .

[0033] Curing and molding: After pre-baking (110℃, 5 min), place in a UV curing device with an irradiation intensity of 100 mW / cm² at a wavelength of 365 nm. 2 It is cured by irradiation under ultraviolet light for 5 minutes and then cooled to obtain the final product.

[0034] Curing and molding: The coated fibers are first sent to an 80-120℃ drying tunnel for pre-drying, with the temperature set at 100℃ for 10 minutes. Then, they are cured in a 150℃ hot air curing oven for 20 minutes, and finally cooled to room temperature in a cooling zone to obtain hydrophilic wear-resistant fibers.

[0035] Comparative Example 1 Plain polyester fiber without any functional modifications.

[0036] Comparative Example 2 The preparation process is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the functional slurry does not contain wear-resistant components (nano silica), and the mass fraction of wear-resistant components is replaced entirely with hydrophilic components (polyethylene glycol). That is, the functional modified layer is composed of 65% polyethylene glycol and 25% waterborne polyurethane.

[0037] Performance testing: The water contact angle was measured using a static contact angle measuring instrument. Water absorption rate was determined according to GB / T 21655.1-2008 standard; Abrasion resistance was determined using a Martindale abrasion tester, and the number of friction cycles when pilling or breakage occurred was recorded. The soap resistance was tested according to GB / T 3921-2008 standard. After 50 washes, the number of abrasion resistance cycles was retested and the rate of decrease was calculated.

[0038] As shown in the table above, compared with Comparative Example 1 (unmodified fiber), the hydrophilicity (significantly reduced contact angle and greatly increased water absorption rate) and abrasion resistance of all embodiments were greatly improved, proving the effectiveness of the functional modified layer of the present invention.

[0039] Although Comparative Example 2 (without abrasion-resistant components) exhibited the best hydrophilicity (lowest contact angle and highest water absorption), its abrasion resistance was far lower than that of the other examples, and its performance deteriorated significantly after soaping. This demonstrates the crucial role of the abrasion-resistant components in the system of this invention: they not only directly provide abrasion resistance, but also work synergistically with the binder to stabilize the structure of the functional layer, thereby ensuring the durability of the modification effect.

[0040] Furthermore, any content not described in detail in this specification is existing technology known to those skilled in the art.

[0041] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0042] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A hydrophilic and abrasion-resistant fiber, characterized in that, include: A fiber substrate, and a functional modification layer composited on the surface of the fiber substrate; The fiber substrate is one or more of polyamide fiber, polyester fiber, polypropylene fiber or polyacrylonitrile fiber; The functional modified layer is composed of a hydrophilic component, a wear-resistant component and a binder, wherein the hydrophilic component accounts for 30%-50% of the total mass of the functional modified layer, the wear-resistant component accounts for 20%-40% of the total mass of the functional modified layer, and the binder accounts for 10%-30% of the total mass of the functional modified layer.

2. The hydrophilic abrasion-resistant fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrophilic component is one or more of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, sodium polyacrylate, and sodium alginate; the wear-resistant component is one or more of nano-silica, modified nano-montmorillonite, and carbon nanotubes, and the particle size of the wear-resistant component is 30-200 nm.

3. The hydrophilic abrasion-resistant fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modified nano-montmorillonite is nano-montmorillonite modified with a silane coupling agent; the carbon nanotubes are hydroxylated or carboxylated carbon nanotubes.

4. The hydrophilic abrasion-resistant fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adhesive is one or more of waterborne polyurethane, epoxy resin emulsion, or acrylate emulsion; the thickness of the functional modified layer is 50-300 nm.

5. The preparation process of a hydrophilic abrasion-resistant fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, Substrate Pretreatment: The fiber substrate is subjected to oxidation treatment, water washing, and drying treatment in sequence; Step 2: Preparation of functional slurry: Add the hydrophilic component and wear-resistant component to deionized water according to the proportion, ultrasonically disperse for 10-30 minutes, then add the binder and stir for 20-60 minutes to obtain a uniform functional slurry; Step three, coating treatment: using dip coating or spraying method, functional slurry is coated on the surface of pretreated fiber substrate, and the coating amount is controlled to be 5-20 g / m 2 ; Step 4, Curing and Molding: The coated fiber substrate is subjected to pre-baking, curing and cooling treatment in sequence. The pre-baking temperature is 80-120℃ and the pre-baking time is 5-15min. The curing temperature is 130-180℃ and the curing time is 10-30min. After cooling to room temperature, hydrophilic wear-resistant fiber is obtained.

6. The preparation process of a hydrophilic wear-resistant fiber according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step one, the oxidation treatment uses a 5-15 wt% ammonium persulfate solution or an alkaline solution containing hydrogen peroxide, at a temperature of 50-70°C, for a time of 5-30 minutes.

7. The hydrophilic wear-resistant fiber and its preparation process according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step two, the ultrasonic dispersion power is 100-300W, and the stirring speed is 300-800r / min; the solid content of the functional slurry is 15%-40%.

8. The preparation process of a hydrophilic wear-resistant fiber according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step three, the slurry rate for dip coating is 30%-60%; the spraying pressure is 0.3-0.8 MPa, and the spraying distance is 10-30 cm.

9. The preparation process of a hydrophilic wear-resistant fiber according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step four, the curing process employs either hot air curing or ultraviolet (UV) curing. When UV curing is used, the UV wavelength is 200-400 nm, and the irradiation intensity is 50-150 mW / cm². 2 The irradiation time is 3-10 minutes.

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