A kind of river channel silt solidification revetment material of spray slope construction and its special equipment and construction method

Abstract

This invention provides a river silt solidification slope protection material and its dedicated equipment and construction method using spray-applied slope construction, belonging to the field of river ecological restoration and slope reinforcement technology. The river silt solidification slope protection material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-75 parts river silt, 20-30 parts spray-applied composite curing agent, 1-3 parts rheology modifier, 1-4 parts accelerator, and 1-3 parts ecological additive. The construction method is as follows: after the raw materials are mixed evenly, they are sprayed in layers onto the slope using a spray-applied device. After spraying, curing is performed to form a solidified ecological slope protection layer on the slope. This river silt solidification slope protection material enables in-situ resource utilization of river silt and has strong terrain adaptability. It is a low-cost, low-carbon, and environmentally friendly solidification slope protection material. Moreover, the spray-applied slope formation is rapid, has strong terrain adaptability, and a short construction period, forming an ecological slope protection interface that combines structural support and vegetation restoration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of river ecological restoration and slope reinforcement technology, and in particular relates to a river silt solidification slope protection material for spray-slope construction, as well as its special equipment and construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Existing river regulation and slope protection projects typically utilize large quantities of cement concrete and masonry, resulting in high costs, long construction periods, and environmental damage. Currently, many rivers in my country carry significant sediment loads, requiring substantial annual investment of manpower and resources for river dredging and slope reinforcement, amounting to hundreds of billions of yuan. Current river dredging primarily employs mechanical excavation, removing silt and transporting it to designated silt disposal sites. However, this method suffers from low resource utilization efficiency, land waste, and high processing costs. Therefore, existing technologies often utilize river silt solidification in river regulation and slope protection projects. While existing technologies for silt solidification have been researched, they largely rely on prefabrication or on-site spreading, resulting in low construction efficiency and poor adaptability to terrain.

[0003] Shotcrete technology, as a flexible, efficient, and adaptable construction method, can greatly improve resource utilization and ecological slope protection when combined with silt solidification materials. However, problems such as pipe blockage, poor hanging, and slow solidification can easily occur during shotcrete construction, affecting construction efficiency and quality. Therefore, overcoming these problems and developing a river silt solidification slope protection material using shotcrete technology is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems in existing technologies, this invention provides a riverbed silt solidification slope protection material for spray-slope construction, along with its dedicated equipment and construction method. By precisely controlling the material's rheological properties and early strength, it solves problems such as easy pipe blockage, poor hanging, and slow solidification during spray-slope construction, resulting in a rapidly solidified and ecologically stable bank protection structure.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: One of the technical solutions of the present invention: This invention provides a river silt solidification slope protection material for spray-applied construction, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-75 parts river silt, 20-30 parts spray-applied composite curing agent, 1-3 parts rheology modifier, 1-4 parts accelerator and 1-3 parts ecological additive.

[0006] Beneficial Effects: In this invention, river silt is used as the main raw material. Its natural fine-grained structure and certain organic matter content allow it to function as aggregate and filler in the solidification system, enabling in-situ resource utilization of river silt and significantly reducing engineering material costs and the pressure of off-site disposal. The spray-type composite curing agent, through hydration reaction, forms a dense hydration product structure, improving the overall strength, durability, and erosion resistance of the solidified body, meeting the stability requirements of the slope protection structure. The rheology modifier adjusts the slurry viscosity, yield stress, and thixotropic properties, giving the solidified slurry good pumpability during spraying, allowing for rapid solidification after spraying and reducing material waste caused by flow. The accelerator can quickly activate the curing reaction, significantly shortening the initial setting time, improving the early stability of the sprayed slope layer, avoiding collapse and slippage caused by excessively thick or steep spraying, and ensuring construction safety.

[0007] This invention achieves a comprehensive effect of sprayable, rapid molding, long-term stability, and natural revegetation through the synergistic effect of river silt, sprayable composite curing agent, rheology modifier, quick-setting agent, and ecological additives. This enables the slope protection structure to meet mechanical stability requirements while possessing good ecological restoration function, significantly improving the overall technical level and environmental benefits of river regulation projects.

[0008] Furthermore, the water content of the riverbed silt is 75%-120%.

[0009] Furthermore, the spray-type composite curing agent is composed of silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, blast furnace slag powder, fly ash and gypsum; The mass ratio of silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, blast furnace slag powder, fly ash and gypsum is 2:1:4:2:1.

[0010] Beneficial Effects: In this invention, tricalcium silicate in sulfoaluminate cement and silicate cement dominates early strength, while blast furnace slag powder and fly ash undergo secondary hydration reactions under alkaline activation, contributing significantly to later strength. Furthermore, silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, blast furnace slag powder, and fly ash work synergistically to further improve the strength of the solidified slope protection material. The incorporation of fly ash produces a good micro-expansion effect, helping to reduce shrinkage cracks. Simultaneously, as active admixtures, blast furnace slag powder and fly ash synergistically reduce overall heat of hydration, mitigating the impact of temperature.

[0011] Furthermore, the rheology modifier is a mixture of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and sodium silicate in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0012] Beneficial Effects: This invention uses a composite of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and sodium silicate as a rheology modifier. The polycarboxylate superplasticizer primarily reduces the system's yield stress and improves the dispersibility and pumpability of the slurry, while sodium silicate enhances the system's thixotropy and early structural stability after spraying. The combination of these two agents results in a cured slurry with good fluidity during spraying and rapid viscosity recovery after spraying onto the slope, thus balancing sprayability and slope adhesion. A mass ratio of 2:1 yields optimal sprayed slope performance and finishing quality.

[0013] Furthermore, the quick-setting agent is one or a combination of calcium chloride and sodium aluminate in any proportion.

[0014] Beneficial effects: Calcium chloride can significantly shorten the initial and final setting time of solidified slope protection materials, especially in low-temperature environments, which helps to speed up construction and improve the freeze-thaw resistance of the slope protection layer.

[0015] Furthermore, the ecological additives include herbaceous plant seeds, water-retaining agents, and sodium humate; The mass ratio of the herbaceous plant seeds, water-retaining agent and sodium humate is (1-3):(3-6):(2-5).

[0016] Beneficial effects: Herbaceous plant seeds in the ecological additive form a later-stage vegetation cover in the solidified substrate; water-retaining agent is used to regulate the local moisture environment and reduce evaporation loss; sodium humate improves the physical and chemical properties of the substrate and promotes plant root growth, thereby achieving a synergistic unity between slope protection structure and ecological restoration.

[0017] Furthermore, the water-retaining agent is one or more of the following: superabsorbent resins, natural or semi-natural polymeric water-retaining materials, and inorganic porous water-retaining materials. The herbaceous plant seeds can be selected based on the climate conditions and ecological restoration needs of the riverbed location, preferably perennial or annual herbaceous plant seeds that are moisture-tolerant, tolerant of poor soil, and have well-developed root systems.

[0018] The second technical solution of the present invention: The present invention also provides a special equipment for solidifying river silt slope protection material by spraying slope construction. The special equipment is a special spraying device, including a storage tank, a metering pump, a multi-channel agitator, an adjustable nozzle group and a quick-setting agent injection system.

[0019] Furthermore, the multi-channel agitator is connected to the bottom of the storage tank, a metering pump is provided on the connection passage between the multi-channel agitator and the bottom of the storage tank, the multi-channel agitator is connected to the accelerator injection system, and the adjustable nozzle assembly is connected to the top of the multi-channel agitator.

[0020] Furthermore, the adjustable nozzle assembly is equipped with an angle adjustment mechanism and a slope tracking feedback device.

[0021] Beneficial effects: This invention, by incorporating an angle adjustment mechanism and a slope tracking feedback device, enables the nozzle assembly to adjust in real time according to changes in slope geometry, achieving adaptive matching between the spraying direction and the slope attitude. This ensures that the solidified slurry adheres uniformly to the slope at a reasonable incident angle. This structure significantly reduces spray rebound rate and material waste, improves the consistency of the sprayed layer thickness and the density of the formed layer, while reducing the frequency of manual adjustments, lowering construction intensity and safety risks.

[0022] The third technical solution of the present invention: This invention also provides a construction method for a riverbed silt solidification slope protection material using spray-drilling construction, comprising the following steps: The solidified slope protection material is obtained by uniformly mixing the river silt, spray-type composite curing agent, rheology modifier, quick-setting agent and ecological additive. The solidified slope protection material is then sprayed and cured in layers on the slope using the special spraying device described in claim 6 to form a consolidated ecological slope protection layer.

[0023] Furthermore, the thickness of a single layer of the layered spraying is 5-10 cm, and the total thickness of the slope spraying is 15-30 cm; The interlayer interval for the layered spraying is ≤30 min. The number of spraying passes is 2-3.

[0024] Furthermore, the maintenance described refers to natural or wet maintenance for 7-14 days.

[0025] Furthermore, the humidity level for wet curing is 80-95%.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows: The river silt solidification slope protection material of this invention enables in-situ resource utilization of river silt, exhibits strong terrain adaptability, and is a low-cost, low-carbon, and environmentally friendly solidification slope protection material. Furthermore, this river silt solidification slope protection material can be rapidly formed on river slopes with a short construction cycle and high strength. The strength of the formed solidified ecological slope protection layer after 28 days was measured to reach 2150 kPa. The pH value of the formed solidified ecological slope protection layer is suitable for plant growth, resulting in good plant growth on the slope. The solidification slope protection material of this invention can form an ecological slope protection interface on river slopes that combines structural support and vegetation restoration, greatly improving the level of resource utilization and ecological slope protection. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a special spraying device for solidifying river silt slope protection material in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 1 is a storage tank, 2 is a metering pump, 3 is a multi-channel mixer, 4 is an adjustable nozzle group, and 5 is a quick-setting agent injection system. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0031] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0032] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0033] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0034] The natural maintenance described in the following embodiments of the present invention refers to maintenance carried out at room temperature of 23±2℃.

[0035] A special spraying device for solidifying river silt slope protection material using spraying construction includes a storage tank (1), a metering pump (2), a multi-channel mixer (3), an adjustable nozzle assembly (4), and a quick-setting agent injection system (5). The multi-channel mixer (3) is connected to the bottom of the storage tank (1). A metering pump (3) is installed on the connection passage between the multi-channel mixer (3) and the bottom of the storage tank (1). The multi-channel mixer (3) is connected to the quick-setting agent injection system (5). An adjustable nozzle group (4) is connected to the top of the multi-channel mixer (3).

[0036] Example 1 A river silt solidification slope protection material for spray-applied construction comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts river silt with a moisture content of 75%, 22 parts spray-applied composite curing agent, 2 parts rheology modifier, 1 part accelerator, and 3 parts ecological additive. The spray-applied composite curing agent is composed of silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, blast furnace slag powder, fly ash, and gypsum in a mass ratio of 2:1:4:2:1. The rheology modifier is a mixture of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and sodium silicate in a mass ratio of 2:1. The accelerator is calcium chloride. The ecological additive is herbaceous plant seeds, water-retaining agent, and sodium humate in a mass ratio of 2:4:3.

[0037] Example 2 A river silt solidification slope protection material for spray-applied construction comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts river silt with a moisture content of 80%, 25 parts spray-applied composite curing agent, 1 part rheology modifier, 1.5 parts accelerator, and 3 parts ecological additive. The spray-applied composite curing agent is composed of silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, blast furnace slag powder, fly ash, and gypsum in a mass ratio of 2:1:4:2:1. The rheology modifier is a mixture of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and sodium silicate in a mass ratio of 2:1. The accelerator is calcium chloride. The ecological additive is herbaceous plant seeds, water-retaining agent, and sodium humate in a mass ratio of 2:4:3.

[0038] Example 3 A river silt solidification slope protection material for spray-applied construction comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts river silt with a moisture content of 100%, 28 parts spray-applied composite curing agent, 1 part rheology modifier, 2 parts accelerator, and 3 parts ecological additive. The spray-applied composite curing agent is composed of silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, blast furnace slag powder, fly ash, and gypsum in a mass ratio of 2:1:4:2:1. The rheology modifier is a mixture of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and sodium silicate in a mass ratio of 2:1. The accelerator is calcium chloride. The ecological additive is herbaceous plant seeds, water-retaining agent, and sodium humate in a mass ratio of 2:4:3.

[0039] Example 4 A river silt solidification slope protection material for spray-applied construction comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts river silt with a moisture content of 100%, 28 parts spray-applied composite curing agent, 1 part rheology modifier, 2 parts accelerator, and 3 parts ecological additive. The spray-applied composite curing agent is composed of silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, blast furnace slag powder, fly ash, and gypsum in a mass ratio of 2:1:4:2:1. The rheology modifier is a mixture of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and sodium silicate in a mass ratio of 2:1. The accelerator is sodium aluminate. The ecological additive is herbaceous plant seeds, water-retaining agent, and sodium humate in a mass ratio of 2:4:3.

[0040] Example 5 A river silt solidification slope protection material for spray-applied construction comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts river silt with a moisture content of 120%, 30 parts spray-applied composite curing agent, 2 parts rheology modifier, 2 parts accelerator, and 3 parts ecological additive. The spray-applied composite curing agent is composed of silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, blast furnace slag powder, fly ash, and gypsum in a mass ratio of 2:1:4:2:1. The rheology modifier is a mixture of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and sodium silicate in a mass ratio of 2:1. The accelerator is calcium chloride. The ecological additive is herbaceous plant seeds, water-retaining agent, and sodium humate in a mass ratio of 2:4:3.

[0041] Comparative Example 1 A spray-applied slope protection material for solidifying river silt comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of river silt with a moisture content of 100% and 35 parts of ordinary cement-based curing agent.

[0042] Comparative Example 2 A river silt solidification slope protection material constructed by spraying slope construction differs from Example 5 in that the amount of spray-type composite curing agent added is 35 parts. The types and amounts of the remaining raw materials are the same as in Example 5.

[0043] Comparative Example 3 A river silt solidification slope protection material for spray-drilling construction differs from Example 5 in that the amount of ecological additive added is 4 parts. The types and amounts of the remaining raw materials are the same as in Example 5.

[0044] Comparative Example 4 A river silt solidification slope protection material constructed by spraying slope construction differs from Example 5 in that: the sprayed composite curing agent is composed of silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, blast furnace slag powder, fly ash and gypsum in a mass ratio of 3:1:4:2:1. The types and amounts of the remaining raw materials are the same as in Example 5.

[0045] Comparative Example 5 A river silt solidification slope protection material constructed by spraying slope construction differs from Example 5 in that: the gypsum in the sprayed composite curing agent is replaced with an equal amount of desulfurization ash; The types and amounts of the remaining raw materials are the same as in Example 5.

[0046] Comparative Example 6 A riverbed silt solidification slope protection material constructed by spraying slope construction differs from Example 5 in that: sodium silicate in the rheology modifier is replaced with bentonite in an equal amount; The types and amounts of the remaining raw materials are the same as in Example 5.

[0047] Comparative Example 7 A river silt solidification slope protection material constructed by spraying slope construction differs from Example 5 in that: calcium chloride in the quick-setting agent is replaced with calcium fluoride in an equal amount. The types and amounts of the remaining raw materials are the same as in Example 5.

[0048] Comparative Example 8 A river silt solidification slope protection material for spray-applied construction differs from Example 5 in that sodium humate in the ecological additive is replaced with fulvic acid in equal amounts. The types and amounts of the remaining raw materials are the same as in Example 5.

[0049] Performance verification The raw materials in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-7 were mixed evenly to obtain solidified slope protection materials. The solidified slope protection materials of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-7 were sprayed in layers onto the riverbank slope using the above-mentioned spraying device. The thickness of a single layer was 5-10 cm, and the total thickness was 15-30 cm. The interval between spraying layers was ≤30 min. After spraying, the slope was naturally cured for 7-14 days to form a solidified ecological slope protection layer. The strength of the solidified ecological slope protection layer was measured according to T / CECS 1175-2022 "Technical Specification for Self-Compacting Solidified Soil Filling". Then, the pH of the solidified ecological slope protection layer was measured according to GB / T 50123-2019 "Standard for Geotechnical Testing Methods". The plant growth was observed. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0050] Table 1

[0051] Table 1 shows that the strength of the consolidated ecological slope protection layer formed on the slope using the solidified slope protection material of this invention is significantly improved, reaching 2150 kPa after 28 days. Furthermore, the pH of the consolidated ecological slope protection layer is weakly alkaline after 28 days, which is suitable for plant growth. Changing any component of the solidified slope protection material will have adverse effects on the ecological slope protection layer.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A river channel silt solidification slope protection material for spray slope construction, characterized by, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 55-75 parts river silt, 20-30 parts spray-type composite curing agent, 1-3 parts rheology modifier, 1-4 parts quick-setting agent, and 1-3 parts ecological additives.

2. The river silt solidification slope protection material for spray-drilling construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spray-type composite curing agent is composed of silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, blast furnace slag powder, fly ash and gypsum; The mass ratio of silicate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, blast furnace slag powder, fly ash and gypsum is 2:1:4:2:

1.

3. The river silt solidification slope protection material for spray-drilling construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rheology modifier is a mixture of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and sodium silicate in a mass ratio of 2:

1.

4. The river silt solidification slope protection material for spray-drilling construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quick-setting agent is one of calcium chloride and sodium aluminate or a combination thereof in any proportion.

5. The river silt solidification slope protection material for spray-drilling construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological additives include herbaceous plant seeds, water-retaining agents, and sodium humate; The mass ratio of the herbaceous plant seeds, water-retaining agent and sodium humate is (1-3):(3-6):(2-5).

6. A special equipment for the spray-slope construction of river silt solidification slope protection material as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The specialized equipment is a specialized spraying device, which includes a storage tank, a metering pump, a multi-channel agitator, an adjustable nozzle assembly, and a quick-setting agent injection system.

7. The special equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adjustable nozzle assembly is equipped with an angle adjustment mechanism and a slope tracking feedback device.

8. A construction method for a riverbed silt solidification slope protection material using spray-drilling construction as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The solidified slope protection material is obtained by uniformly mixing the river silt, spray-type composite curing agent, rheology modifier, quick-setting agent and ecological additive. The solidified slope protection material is then sprayed and cured in layers on the slope using the special spraying device described in claim 6 to form a consolidated ecological slope protection layer.

9. The construction method for river silt solidification slope protection material according to claim 8, characterized in that, The thickness of a single layer of the layered spraying is 5-10cm; The interlayer interval time for the layered spraying is ≤30min; The number of spraying passes is 2-3.

10. The construction method of the river silt solidification slope protection material according to claim 8, characterized in that, The maintenance described is natural or wet maintenance for 7-14 days.

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