Construction method for ecological protection and drainage of low-carbon slope in alpine region
By combining various ecological protection technologies, the problems of ecological damage and poor drainage in the construction of slopes in high-altitude and cold regions have been solved, achieving the dual goals of vegetation restoration and ecological protection, reducing the impact of the project on the environment, and improving the ecological continuity and drainage efficiency of the slopes.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA FIRST HIGHWAY ENGINEERING CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-26
AI Technical Summary
In slope construction in high-altitude and cold regions, traditional methods have led to severe damage to the ecosystem, slow vegetation recovery, significant environmental impact from engineering materials, and poor drainage resulting in soil erosion, making it difficult to achieve a balance between ecological protection and engineering construction.
The project employs a variety of ecological protection technologies, including shallow saucer-shaped native turf ditches, prefabricated RPC drainage ditches, native stripped turf protection, geocell grid ecological protection for slopes, composite grass seed plant fiber blanket protection, sprayed vegetation protection, and prefabricated gabion protection. Combined with prefabricated vegetation ecological retaining walls, the project reduces the amount of masonry materials used and enhances vegetation coverage and drainage functions.
It significantly improved the effect of slope vegetation restoration, reduced soil erosion, achieved the continuity and natural harmony of the ecosystem, reduced the disturbance of the project to the environment, met drainage needs, reduced carbon emissions, and protected regional biodiversity.
Smart Images
Figure CN122280185A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological protection and drainage technology for low-carbon slopes in high-altitude and cold regions, specifically to a construction method for ecological protection and drainage of low-carbon slopes in high-altitude and cold regions. Background Technology
[0002] The Gannan region is mostly located at an altitude of over 3,000 meters, characterized by a typical high-altitude, cold climate. The average annual temperature is only 2-3℃, with extreme winter temperatures reaching -25℃. Freeze-thaw cycles are frequent and prolonged. Precipitation is concentrated in summer, mostly in the form of showers. Short-term heavy rainfall can easily erode slopes. Simultaneously, the region experiences high wind speeds and intense ultraviolet radiation, placing extremely stringent demands on vegetation growth and the durability of engineering materials.
[0003] The region's ecosystem is primarily composed of alpine meadows, grasslands, wetlands, and forests. The vegetation mainly consists of hardy herbs, low shrubs, and hardy trees. Vegetation growth is slow, and once damaged, it can take decades or even centuries to recover. The soil layer is relatively thin, mostly meadow and marsh soil, which has weak erosion resistance. Excavation of the slopes can easily lead to soil erosion and vegetation degradation.
[0004] This area belongs to the upper reaches of the Yellow River's water conservation zone and is a core area of the ecological protection red line. Environmental protection laws and regulations are relatively strict, and the control over the ecological impacts generated during engineering construction is extremely stringent. In traditional highway construction in high-altitude and cold regions, masonry structures are used extensively, leaving obvious traces of artificiality, which can easily cause irreversible damage to the ecosystem. Summary of the Invention
[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a method for ecological protection and drainage construction of low-carbon slopes in high-altitude and cold regions, which can effectively solve the problems of the existing technology.
[0006] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention discloses a low-carbon slope ecological protection and drainage construction method in high-altitude and cold regions, including a drainage structure, a slope ecological protection structure, and a prefabricated ecological protection structure. The drainage structure includes a shallow saucer-shaped native turf drainage ditch structure for drainage in gentle slope sections, and a prefabricated RPC drainage ditch for drainage in sections with large water catchment or complex terrain. The slope ecological protection structure includes a native stripped turf protection structure laid on the slope, a slope geocell grid ecological protection structure to increase slope soil stability, a grass seed plant fiber blanket protection structure suitable for rapid vegetation cover formation in high-altitude and cold regions, and a sprayed mixed vegetation protection structure for rock or semi-rock slopes. The prefabricated ecological protection structure includes a prefabricated gabion protection structure that enhances the integrity of the structure and the slope surface, and a prefabricated vegetation ecological retaining wall for fill slopes and slope toe areas.
[0007] Furthermore, the shallow saucer-shaped native turf drainage structure includes a permeable geotextile covering the inner wall of the ditch and a longitudinal drainage ditch set in the ditch. The longitudinal drainage ditch is a 20cm thermoplastic synthetic resin plastic blind drain pipe. The permeable geotextile is filled with a gravel permeable layer, and the upper surface of the gravel permeable layer is covered with transplanted native turf.
[0008] Furthermore, the native turf protective structure is used for slopes with a ratio of 1:1.3–1:0.7, and the thickness of the native turf used is 20–30 cm, with the following dimensions: .
[0009] Furthermore, the slope geocell grid-based ecological protection structure includes a geocell body and drainage holes. The geocell body is used for slopes with a ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:1.75. Drainage holes are formed on the surface of the geocell body. The tensile strength of the geocell body is ≥20 MPa. The geocell body unfolds into a honeycomb structure. The height of the geocell body is 100 mm. The pore diameter of the geocell body is... The material is blackish-gray in color, and four sets of positioning anchors are fixedly connected to the surface of the drainage hole. The ends of the positioning anchors are tapered, and the cross-section of the positioning anchors is circular.
[0010] Furthermore, the prefabricated gabion protection structure includes a steel cage body and a steel cage door. The inner sides of both the steel cage body and the steel cage door are fixedly provided with zinc-aluminum alloy wire mesh. One end of the steel cage body and the steel cage door is wound and fixed with binding alloy wire. The gabion formed by the steel cage body and the steel cage door is filled with stones, which are pebbles and rubble.
[0011] Furthermore, the prefabricated vegetation ecological retaining wall includes a rear baffle and foundation components on both sides, as well as vegetation boards disposed inside the two sets of foundation components. The rear baffle, foundation components, and vegetation boards are all integrally fixedly connected. The surface of the rear baffle is provided with drainage windows. The middle position of the foundation component is provided with a through groove for grouting cement. The upper end of the foundation component is fixedly provided with a connecting step, and the lower end of the foundation component is provided with a connecting slot adapted to the connecting step. The cross-section of the connecting step is wedge-shaped.
[0012] This invention also provides a construction method for ecological protection and drainage of low-carbon slopes in high-altitude and cold regions, including the following methods: Native turf stripping and transplantation: S1. Before the project construction, systematically strip and transplant the native turf in the land acquisition boundary area; S2. After stripping, select pieces of turf that are intact and in good condition and store them on both sides of the roadbed; S3. For turf that cannot be placed within the land area on both sides of the roadbed after being stripped, it shall be transported to a temporary storage site for storage. S4. Storage should be done by stacking, with humus piled at the bottom and turf stacked on the surface in layers (2-4 layers). When stacking, a certain amount of overlapping space should be left. S5. After stacking, cover with shade nets and geotextiles in a timely manner. For turf blocks that have been stacked for a long time, the top and bottom layers of the turf pile can be turned over and rotated every 2 months during the soil thawing period. S6. When transplanting, first cover the slope surface with 50cm of humus soil, level and compact it, and then splice the turf according to the original growth direction to ensure that the turf can be closely integrated with the slope surface. S7. After the turf is laid back, it should be covered with fiber blankets or non-woven fabrics. Geocell-based ecological protection of slopes: S1. During construction, first cover the original slope with 20-30cm of humus soil and compact it; S2. When laying the geocell body, positioning anchors are inserted into the soil for fixation to ensure that the geocells are tensioned flat and firmly connected; S3. Fill the geocells with improved soil; S4. Cover the completed geocells with 20-30cm of humus soil to ensure that the total thickness of the humus soil reaches 50cm. S5. Then sow adaptable, cold-resistant grass seeds; S6. Cover with soil and water conservation blankets for maintenance; Composite grass seed plant fiber blanket protection: S1. During construction, first clear debris from the slope surface; S2. Lay the fiber blanket and fix it with U-shaped nails. If there are joints on the slope, they need to be sewn or overlapped by 15-20cm. S3. After laying, water in time to keep the soil moist until the seedlings grow. Since the plant roots are not yet developed, water once a week. After the plant roots are thick and the drought resistance is enhanced, water once a year when the plants turn green and once a year before winter, depending on the situation. Spraying mixed vegetation protection: S1. Mix hardy grass species (Kentucky bluegrass, Potentilla biloba, Leymus chinensis), shrub species (Hippophae rhamnoides, Potentilla fruticosa, Spiraea alpineensis) with humus, organic fertilizer, water-retaining agent, cement, etc. to make a spray mix. S2. Before spraying, clean the loose soil and gravel on the slope and install anchor bolts and hang hot-dip galvanized wire mesh for fixation; S3. The high-pressure spray gun is used to evenly spray the substrate onto the slope to form a 10cm-15cm thick vegetation growth substrate layer; S4. Cover with non-woven fabric to retain moisture after spraying; Prefabricated gabion protection: S1. The steel cage is hoisted to the installation position using a six-point hoisting method; S2. Fill the cage body, which is composed of a steel cage body and a steel cage door, with stone material. S3. Use binding alloy wire to wrap around the four sides of the steel cage and the steel cage door to form a closed loop for fixation; S4. After the pile is completed, cover the top and gaps with soil and sow suitable grass seeds; Prefabricated vegetation ecological retaining wall: S1. The retaining wall is spliced and fixed by using the connecting steps and connecting slots at both ends of the basic components; S2. Concrete is poured into the upper through groove to form a rib column; S3. Plant green, cold-resistant plants by covering the vegetation board with soil.
[0013] Furthermore, the height of the turf and humus mound is between 1.0m and 1.5m.
[0014] Furthermore, the improved soil filling the cell is mixed with local humus, water-retaining agent and organic fertilizer, and the adaptive cold-resistant grass seeds are Kentucky bluegrass: Potentilla biloba: Leymus chinensis = 1:1:1 (30g / ㎡).
[0015] Furthermore, the composite grass seed plant fiber blanket is woven from natural materials such as straw fiber and coconut shell fiber, and contains cold-resistant composite grass seeds (a mixture of cold-resistant grass seeds, water-retaining agents, and nutrient substrates).
[0016] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the known prior art, the technical solution provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Through the comprehensive application of various ecological protection technologies, the slope vegetation restoration effect is significant: the survival rate of transplanted native turf is high, and the vegetation coverage of slopes constructed with composite grass seed plant fiber blankets and sprayed vegetation is also high. Vegetation growth within the geocell grids is uniform, effectively controlling soil erosion on the slope. The vegetation coverage of prefabricated gabions and ecological retaining walls achieves the ecological effect of "retaining walls becoming green walls." The slope protection project is organically integrated with alpine meadows, grasslands, and other ecosystems, significantly reducing the traces of artificial intervention and effectively maintaining ecological continuity.
[0017] 2. Shallow, saucer-shaped native turf ditches effectively collect and drain rainwater from the road surface during the rainy season, without significant erosion or damage to the turf vegetation, resulting in a natural and harmonious ecological landscape. Prefabricated RPC drainage ditches exhibit good frost resistance, are less prone to frost heave and cracking in winter, and ensure smooth drainage with minimal siltation. The combined use of these two drainage methods meets the drainage needs of different road sections while minimizing disruption to the ecological environment, achieving the dual goals of drainage function and ecological protection.
[0018] 3. By promoting the concept of "de-artificialization" and applying ecological protection and green drainage technologies, the amount of masonry materials used is reduced compared to traditional methods, effectively minimizing the ecological disturbance caused by engineering construction. The protection and restoration of native vegetation maintains regional biodiversity and reduces soil erosion. Attached Figure Description
[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.
[0020] Figure 1 This is a construction drawing of the original edge ditch of the shallow saucer-shaped turf in this invention; Figure 2 This is a construction schematic diagram of the geocell-based ecological protection structure for slopes in this invention; Figure 3 This is a front view schematic diagram of the structure of the geocell body and the positioning anchor rod in this invention; Figure 4 This is a rear view schematic diagram of the structure of the geocell body and the positioning anchor rod in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the prefabricated gabion structure in this invention; Figure 6 This is a construction schematic diagram of the prefabricated gabion in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the prefabricated vegetation ecological retaining wall in this invention; Figure 8 This is a construction schematic diagram of the prefabricated vegetation ecological retaining wall in this invention; Figure 9 This is a top view schematic diagram of the prefabricated vegetation ecological retaining wall in this invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the prefabricated vegetation ecological retaining wall in this invention; Figure 11 This is a monitoring map for the ecological and social benefits of engineering applications.
[0021] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. Permeable geotextile; 2. Longitudinal drainage ditch; 3. Crushed stone permeable layer; 4. Native turf; 5. Geocell body; 6. Drainage hole; 7. Base; 8. Positioning anchor; 9. Reinforcing cage; 10. Reinforcing cage door; 11. Zinc-aluminum alloy wire mesh; 12. Binding alloy wire; 13. Stone; 14. Back panel; 15. Foundation component; 16. Vegetation board; 17. Drainage window; 18. Through groove; 19. Connecting step; 20. Connecting slot. Detailed Implementation
[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.
[0024] This embodiment of a low-carbon slope ecological protection and drainage structure in high-altitude and cold regions includes a drainage structure, a slope ecological protection structure, and a prefabricated ecological protection structure. The drainage structure includes a shallow saucer-shaped native turf drainage ditch structure installed on gentle slope sections, and a prefabricated RPC drainage ditch for drainage sections with large water catchment or complex terrain. The slope ecological protection structure includes a native stripped turf protection structure laid on the slope, and a slope geocell grid ecological protection structure to increase slope soil stability. It also includes a grass seed plant fiber blanket protection structure suitable for rapid vegetation cover formation in high-altitude and cold regions, and a sprayed mixed vegetation protection structure for rock or semi-rock slopes. The prefabricated ecological protection structure includes a prefabricated gabion protection structure that enhances the integrity of the structure and the slope surface, and a prefabricated vegetation ecological retaining wall for fill slopes and slope toe areas.
[0025] Turf transplantation enabled the in-situ protection and reuse of native vegetation, effectively maintaining the continuity of the regional ecosystem.
[0026] Prefabricated RPC drainage ditches: RPC material features high strength, high frost resistance, and good durability, enabling it to adapt to the freeze-thaw cycle environment of cold regions. The drainage ditches are constructed using a factory prefabrication and on-site assembly method, shortening on-site construction time and minimizing disturbance to the surrounding ecosystem. Sealed connections between prefabricated components ensure smooth drainage. The outer side of the drainage ditch is covered with soil and planted, blending seamlessly with the surrounding vegetation, minimizing the traces of artificial structure, and achieving harmony between green drainage and the ecological landscape.
[0027] As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 1 As shown, the shallow saucer-shaped native turf drainage structure includes a permeable geotextile 1 covering the inner wall of the ditch and a longitudinal drainage ditch 2 set in the ditch. The longitudinal drainage ditch 2 is a 20cm thermoplastic synthetic resin plastic blind drain pipe. The permeable geotextile 1 is filled with a gravel permeable layer 3, and the upper surface of the gravel permeable layer 3 is covered with transplanted native turf 4.
[0028] The shallow saucer-shaped native turf ditch features a shallow saucer-shaped cross-section with a gentle slope, blending naturally with the surrounding terrain. Transplanted native turf is laid at the bottom and on the slopes. The turf's root system enhances the ditch's resistance to erosion, while the vegetation integrates seamlessly with the surrounding meadow ecosystem, minimizing the visual impact of artificial structures. The shallow saucer-shaped structure effectively collects drainage from the road surface and slopes. After being filtered by the turf, water slowly infiltrates into the ground through the bottom gravel permeable layer, and then drains through longitudinal drainage ditches, fulfilling both drainage requirements and achieving ecological utilization of rainwater.
[0029] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the native turf protective structure is used for slopes with a ratio of 1:1.3–1:0.7, and the thickness of the native turf used is 20–30 cm. The dimensions of the native turf are as follows: .
[0030] Native turf is an important component of the alpine meadow ecosystem, possessing excellent soil-fixing, water-retention, and ecological adaptability.
[0031] As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 2As shown, the slope geocell grid ecological protection structure includes a geocell body 5 and drainage holes 6. The geocell body 5 is used for slopes with a ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:1.75. Drainage holes 6 are formed on the surface of the geocell body 5. The tensile strength of the geocell body 5 is ≥20 MPa. The geocell body 5 unfolds into a honeycomb structure. The height of the geocell body 5 is 100 mm. The pore diameter of the geocell body 5 is... The material is blackish-gray in color. Four sets of positioning anchor rods 8 are fixedly connected to the surface of the drainage hole 6. The ends of the positioning anchor rods 8 are tapered, and the cross-section of the positioning anchor rods 8 is circular.
[0032] Geocells, which are cold-resistant and aging-resistant, were selected. The geocells enhance the shear strength of the soil through the constraint of the grid, while providing a stable environment for vegetation growth, thus achieving the dual effects of engineering protection and ecological restoration.
[0033] As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 5 As shown, the prefabricated gabion protection structure includes a steel cage body 9 and a steel cage door 10. Zinc-aluminum alloy wire mesh 11 is fixedly installed on the inner side of both the steel cage body 9 and the steel cage door 10. A binding alloy wire 12 is wound and fixed at one end of the steel cage body 9 and the steel cage door 10. The gabion formed by the steel cage body 9 and the steel cage door 10 is filled with stones 13, which are pebbles and rubble.
[0034] As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 7 As shown, the prefabricated vegetation ecological retaining wall includes a rear baffle 14 and foundation components 15 disposed on both sides of the 14, as well as vegetation boards 16 disposed inside the two sets of foundation components 15. The rear baffle 14, foundation components 15 and vegetation boards 16 are all integrally fixedly connected. The surface of the rear baffle 14 is provided with drainage windows 17. The middle position of the foundation component 15 is provided with a through groove 18 for grouting cement. The upper end of the foundation component 15 is fixedly provided with a connecting step 19. The lower end of the foundation component 15 is provided with a connecting slot 20 adapted to the connecting step 19. The cross-section of the connecting step 19 is wedge-shaped.
[0035] This embodiment describes a construction method for ecological protection and drainage of low-carbon slopes in high-altitude and cold regions, including: Native turf stripping and transplantation: S1. Before the project construction, systematically strip and transplant the native turf in the land acquisition boundary area; S2. After stripping, select pieces of turf that are intact and in good condition and store them on both sides of the roadbed; S3. For turf that cannot be placed within the land area on both sides of the roadbed after being stripped, it shall be transported to a temporary storage site for storage. S4. Storage should be done by stacking, with humus piled at the bottom and turf stacked on the surface in layers (2-4 layers). When stacking, a certain amount of overlapping space should be left. This method allows for ventilation and water permeability. However, due to the small gaps between the turf layers, the vegetation on the surface of the lower turf layer is prone to necrosis during long-term storage. The height of the turf and humus mound should generally be between 1.0 and 1.5 meters.
[0036] S5. After stacking, cover with shade nets and geotextiles in a timely manner. For turf blocks that have been stacked for a long time, the top and bottom layers of the turf pile can be turned over and rotated every 2 months during the soil thawing period. This method can reduce water evaporation and replenish water in a timely manner according to weather conditions. Turning and rotating the pile can improve the aeration effect of the lower layer of turf.
[0037] S6. When transplanting, first cover the slope surface with 50cm of humus soil, level and compact it, and then splice the turf according to the original growth direction to ensure that the turf can be closely integrated with the slope surface. S7. After the turf is laid back, it should be covered with fiber blankets or non-woven fabrics. This method reduces water evaporation and weakens transpiration.
[0038] Geocell-based ecological protection of slopes: S1. During construction, first cover the original slope with 20-30cm of humus soil and compact it; S2. When laying the geocell body 5, use positioning anchor rods 8 to be inserted into the soil for fixation to ensure that the geocell is tensioned flat and connected firmly; S3. Fill the cells of the geocell body 5 with improved soil; S4. Cover the completed geocells with 20-30cm of humus soil to ensure that the total thickness of the humus soil reaches 50cm. S5. Then sow adaptable, cold-resistant grass seeds; S6. Cover with soil and water conservation blankets for maintenance; Composite grass seed plant fiber blanket protection: S1. During construction, first clear debris from the slope surface; S2. Lay the fiber blanket and fix it with U-shaped nails. If there are joints on the slope, they need to be sewn or overlapped by 15-20cm. S3. After laying, water in time to keep the soil moist until the seedlings grow. Since the plant roots are not yet developed, water once a week. After the plant roots are thick and the drought resistance is enhanced, water once a year when the plants turn green and once a year before winter, depending on the situation. Fiber blankets effectively protect slopes from rain erosion in the initial stages. After the fibers degrade, they become organic matter in the soil, providing nutrients for grass seed germination and growth. This technology is convenient and quick to implement, suitable for rapidly forming vegetation cover in high-altitude and cold regions, and is especially suitable for gentle 1:2 slopes and areas with relatively smooth slope surfaces.
[0039] Spraying mixed vegetation protection: S1. Mix hardy grass species (Kentucky bluegrass, Potentilla biloba, Leymus chinensis), shrub species (Hippophae rhamnoides, Potentilla fruticosa, Spiraea alpineensis) with humus, organic fertilizer, water-retaining agent, cement, etc. to make a spray mix. S2. Before spraying, clean the loose soil and gravel on the slope and install anchor bolts and hang hot-dip galvanized wire mesh for fixation; S3. The high-pressure spray gun is used to evenly spray the substrate onto the slope to form a 10cm-15cm thick vegetation growth substrate layer; S4. Cover with non-woven fabric to retain moisture after spraying; For rock or semi-rock slopes, sprayed concrete with vegetation can be applied. The cement in the sprayed concrete provides initial strength, while organic fertilizer and water-retaining agents provide nutrients and water for plant growth, enabling them to adapt to cold and arid environments. After construction, the slope is covered with vegetation, effectively curbing weathering and erosion of the rock slope.
[0040] Prefabricated gabion protection: S1. The steel cage 9 is hoisted to the installation position using a six-point hoisting method; S2. Stone material 13 is filled into the cage body 9 and the steel cage door 10; S3. Use the binding alloy wire 12 to wrap around the four sides of the steel cage body 9 and the steel cage door 10 to form a closed loop for fixation; S4. After the pile is completed, cover the top and gaps with soil and sow suitable grass seeds; Gabion structures offer excellent permeability and flexibility, allowing them to adapt to slope deformation. The gaps between the stones provide space for vegetation growth, and the germination of grass seeds after covering with soil further enhances the integrity of the structure and the slope. This technology reduces the use of masonry materials such as concrete, and the stone material harmonizes with the natural environment, embodying the concept of "de-artificialization."
[0041] Prefabricated vegetation ecological retaining wall: S1. The retaining wall is spliced and fixed by using the connecting steps 19 and connecting slots 20 at the upper and lower ends of the base component 15; S2. Concrete is poured into the upper through groove 18 to form a rib column; S3. Plant green, cold-resistant plants by covering the planting board 16 with soil.
[0042] The overall structure is a spatial frame, enclosed by a foundation component 15 and a rear retaining wall 14. The bottom has a slope 16, on which soil can be planted with hardy green plants. Drainage windows 17 are located on the rear wall, serving as channels for water drainage and for connecting plant roots with the natural soil. After assembly via connecting steps 19 and connecting slots 20, a closed space is formed. Rib columns are formed by cast-in-place concrete at 18 and rigidly connected to the foundation to enhance the overall structural rigidity. The retaining wall structure not only meets the requirements for support but also achieves ecological restoration through vegetation cover. The appearance of the retaining wall blends naturally with the surrounding terrain, effectively reducing the jarring effect of the artificial structure.
[0043] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the improved soil filling the cell is mixed with local humus, water-retaining agent and organic fertilizer, and the adaptable cold-resistant grass seeds are Kentucky bluegrass: Potentilla biloba: Leymus chinensis = 1:1:1 (30g / ㎡).
[0044] As a preferred embodiment of this invention, the composite grass seed plant fiber blanket is woven from natural materials such as straw fiber and coconut shell fiber, and contains cold-resistant composite grass seeds (a mixture of cold-resistant grass seeds, water-retaining agents, and nutrient matrix).
[0045] This method gives it the characteristics of water retention, heat preservation, and erosion resistance.
[0046] Comparison of the performance of two green drainage technologies
[0047] Carbon emission accounting and emission reduction effect analysis Accounting basis and scope
[0048] Carbon emission accounting strictly follows the "Carbon Emission Accounting Standard" (GB / T 51366-2019), and the accounting scope covers the entire process of highway construction, focusing on three core carbon emission sources: production and transportation of engineering materials, energy consumption of construction machinery, and auxiliary energy consumption of on-site operations (including slope treatment, material laying, etc.), excluding carbon emissions during the operation phase.
[0049] Calculation methods and key parameters
[0050] Using the "source-specific calculation + summary accounting" method, the core formula is as follows: Carbon emissions from materials production:
[0051] Among them (Q) i） For material usage (t), (F) i） For material carbon emission factor ( / t) Mechanical energy consumption and carbon emissions:
[0052] Among them (P) j） Mechanical power (kW), (T) j） For the operation time (h), (F) e） Carbon emission factors for electricity / fuel ( / ( )or / L) Total carbon emissions:
[0053] (E) a To supplement carbon emissions from energy consumption, it is calculated as 5% of the sum of the first two items. Material emission factor: Concrete 0.82 / t, steel 1.98 / t, asphalt 0.42 / t, 0.03g humus soil / t, RPC material 0.65 / t Mechanical energy consumption factor: 0.0027 for diesel machinery / L, Electric Machinery 0.0006 / ( ) Carbon emissions from transportation: Based on an average transport distance of 50km, the transportation energy consumption factor is 0.005. / ( ) Accounting Results and Emission Reduction Analysis Table 5.4.3-1 Emission Reduction and Percentage Table
[0054] Table 5.4.3-2 Monitoring Table of Ecological and Social Benefits of Engineering Applications
[0055] Note: Improvement margin = (Implementation value of this project - Predicted value of traditional scheme) / Predicted value of traditional scheme × 100%; "↑" indicates improvement, "↓" indicates reduction.
[0056] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
[0057] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.
[0058] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A low-carbon ecological protection and drainage structure for slopes in high-altitude and cold regions, characterized in that: The system includes drainage structures, slope ecological protection structures, and prefabricated ecological protection structures. The drainage structures include shallow saucer-shaped native turf drainage ditches installed on gentle slopes, and prefabricated RPC drainage ditches for drainage of sections with large water catchment or complex terrain. The slope ecological protection structures include native stripped turf protection structures laid on slopes, and slope geocell grid ecological protection structures that increase slope soil stability. They also include grass seed plant fiber blanket protection structures suitable for rapid vegetation cover formation in high-altitude and cold regions, and sprayed mixed vegetation protection structures for rock or semi-rock slopes. The prefabricated ecological protection structures include prefabricated gabion protection structures that enhance the integrity of the structure and the slope surface, and prefabricated vegetation ecological retaining walls for fill slopes and slope toe areas.
2. The low-carbon slope ecological protection and drainage structure for high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shallow saucer-shaped native turf drainage structure includes a permeable geotextile (1) covering the inner wall of the ditch and a longitudinal drainage ditch (2) set in the ditch. The longitudinal drainage ditch (2) is a 20cm thermoplastic synthetic resin plastic blind drain pipe. The permeable geotextile (1) is filled with a gravel permeable layer (3), and the upper surface of the gravel permeable layer (3) is covered with transplanted native turf (4).
3. The low-carbon slope ecological protection and drainage structure for high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The native turf protective structure is used for slopes with a ratio of 1:1.3–1:0.7, and the thickness of the native turf used is 20–30 cm. The dimensions of the native turf are as follows: .
4. The low-carbon slope ecological protection and drainage structure for high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope geocell grid ecological protection structure includes a geocell body (5) and drainage holes (6). The geocell body (5) is used for slopes with a ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:1.
75. Drainage holes (6) are provided on the surface of the geocell body (5). The tensile strength of the geocell body (5) is ≥20 MPa. The geocell body (5) unfolds into a honeycomb shape. The height of the geocell body (5) is 100 mm. The pore size of the geocell body (5) is... The material is blackish-gray in color. Four sets of positioning anchor rods (8) are fixedly connected to the surface of the drainage hole (6). The ends of the positioning anchor rods (8) are tapered, and the cross-section of the positioning anchor rods (8) is circular.
5. The low-carbon slope ecological protection and drainage structure for high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prefabricated gabion protection structure includes a steel cage body (9) and a steel cage door (10). The inner sides of the steel cage body (9) and the steel cage door (10) are fixedly provided with zinc-aluminum alloy wire mesh (11). One end of the steel cage body (9) and the steel cage door (10) is wrapped and fixed with binding alloy wire (12). The gabion formed by the steel cage body (9) and the steel cage door (10) is filled with stones (13), which are pebbles and rubble.
6. The low-carbon slope ecological protection and drainage structure for high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prefabricated vegetation ecological retaining wall includes a rear baffle (14) and foundation components (15) set on both sides of the 14, and a vegetation board (16) set inside the two sets of foundation components (15). The rear baffle (14), foundation components (15) and vegetation board (16) are all integrally fixedly connected. The surface of the rear baffle (14) is provided with a drainage window (17). The middle position of the foundation component (15) is provided with a through groove (18) for grouting cement. The upper end of the foundation component (15) is fixedly provided with a connecting step (19). The lower end of the foundation component (15) is provided with a connecting slot (20) that matches the connecting step (19). The cross section of the connecting step (19) is wedge-shaped.
7. A construction method for ecological protection and drainage of low-carbon slopes in high-altitude and cold regions, the method being based on any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: include: Native turf stripping and transplantation: S1. Before the project construction, systematically strip and transplant the native turf in the land acquisition boundary area; S2. After stripping, select pieces of turf that are intact and in good condition and store them on both sides of the roadbed; S3. For turf that cannot be placed within the land area on both sides of the roadbed after being stripped, it shall be transported to a temporary storage site for storage. S4. Storage should be done by stacking, with humus piled at the bottom and turf stacked on the surface in layers (2-4 layers). When stacking, a certain amount of overlapping space should be left. S5. After stacking, cover with shade nets and geotextiles in a timely manner. For turf blocks that have been stacked for a long time, the top and bottom layers of the turf pile can be turned over and rotated every 2 months during the soil thawing period. S6. When transplanting, first cover the slope surface with 50cm of humus soil, level and compact it, and then splice the turf according to the original growth direction to ensure that the turf can be closely integrated with the slope surface. S7. After the turf is laid back, it should be covered with fiber blankets or non-woven fabrics. Geocell-based ecological protection of slopes: S1. During construction, first cover the original slope with 20-30cm of humus soil and compact it; S2. When laying the geocell body (5), use positioning anchor rods (8) to be inserted into the soil for fixing, to ensure that the geocell is tensioned flat and connected firmly; S3. Fill the geocell body (5) with improved soil; S4. Cover the completed geocells with 20-30cm of humus soil to ensure that the total thickness of the humus soil reaches 50cm. S5. Then sow adaptable, cold-resistant grass seeds; S6. Cover with soil and water conservation blankets for maintenance; Composite grass seed plant fiber blanket protection: S1. During construction, first clear debris from the slope surface; S2. Lay the fiber blanket and fix it with U-shaped nails. If there are joints on the slope, they need to be sewn or overlapped by 15-20cm. S3. After laying, water in time to keep the soil moist until the seedlings grow. Since the plant roots are not yet developed, water once a week. After the plant roots are thick and the drought resistance is enhanced, water once a year when the plants turn green and once a year before winter, depending on the situation. Spraying mixed vegetation protection: S1. Mix hardy grass species (Kentucky bluegrass, Potentilla biloba, Leymus chinensis), shrub species (Hippophae rhamnoides, Potentilla fruticosa, Spiraea alpineensis) with humus, organic fertilizer, water-retaining agent, cement, etc. to make a spray mix. S2. Before spraying, clean the loose soil and gravel on the slope and install anchor bolts and hang hot-dip galvanized wire mesh for fixation; S3. The high-pressure spray gun is used to evenly spray the substrate onto the slope to form a 10cm-15cm thick vegetation growth substrate layer; S4. Cover with non-woven fabric to retain moisture after spraying; Prefabricated gabion protection: S1. The steel cage (9) is hoisted to the installation position using a six-point hoisting method; S2. The cage body (9) and the steel cage door (10) are filled with stone material (13). S3. Use the binding alloy wire (12) to wrap around the four sides of the steel cage (9) and the steel cage door (10) to form a closed loop for fixing; S4. After the pile is completed, cover the top and gaps with soil and sow suitable grass seeds; Prefabricated vegetation ecological retaining wall: S1. The retaining wall is spliced and fixed by inserting the connecting steps (19) and connecting slots (20) at the upper and lower ends of the basic component (15); S2. Concrete is poured into the upper through groove (18) to form a rib column; S3. Plant green, cold-resistant plants by covering the planting board (16) with soil.
8. A construction method for ecological protection and drainage of low-carbon slopes in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 7, characterized in that: The height of the turf and humus mound is between 1.0m and 1.5m.
9. A construction method for ecological protection and drainage of low-carbon slopes in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The improved soil filling the cell is mixed with local humus, water-retaining agent and organic fertilizer. The adaptable cold-resistant grass seeds are Kentucky bluegrass: Potentilla biloba: Leymus chinensis = 1:1:1 (30g / ㎡).
10. A construction method for ecological protection and drainage of low-carbon slopes in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite grass seed plant fiber blanket is woven from natural materials such as straw fiber and coconut shell fiber, and contains cold-resistant composite grass seeds (a mixture of cold-resistant grass seeds, water-retaining agents and nutrient matrix).