Method for optimizing the position of a bottom blowing nozzle of a metallurgical vessel

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of iron and steel metallurgy technology, specifically to a method for optimizing the position of bottom-blowing nozzles in a metallurgical vessel. The method includes the following steps: collecting geometric parameters, process conditions, and slag physical property data of the metallurgical vessel; constructing a model adapted to different nozzle arrangement parameters; determining steel mixing time and slag-steel interface volumetric mass transfer coefficient as dual optimization indices; normalizing the dual optimization indices to construct a unified optimization single objective function; traversing different arrangement schemes within the nozzle arrangement parameter space, inputting them into the model and the single objective function for solution, and selecting the nozzle arrangement parameters with the smallest single objective function value as the optimal solution. Through this method, the flow field organization and interfacial reaction kinetics of the metallurgical process can be significantly improved, increasing steel mixing efficiency, slag-steel interface mass transfer efficiency, and refining effect, thereby enhancing the stability of steel quality and the overall efficiency of the smelting process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of iron and steel metallurgy technology, and specifically to a method for optimizing the position of bottom blowing nozzles in metallurgical containers. Background Technology

[0002] In steelmaking, refining, and continuous casting pretreatment processes, bottom-blowing gas agitation technology improves the flow, temperature uniformity, and compositional uniformity of molten steel by introducing inert gases (such as argon) into the bottom of the molten steel, and enhances the flotation of inclusions and the chemical reaction process at the slag-steel interface. The number, radial position, arrangement angle, and gas flow distribution of bottom-blowing elements are key factors affecting steel mixing, interfacial mass transfer, bubble behavior, and overall metallurgical reaction efficiency.

[0003] In existing technologies, the main optimization indicators for bottom-blowing nozzle arrangement are usually the steel molten mixing time or the proportion of dead zone in the molten pool, and most studies and patents adopt single-objective design. For example, CN113930573B mainly focuses on the dynamic adjustment of instantaneous flow rate of bottom blowing, and establishes a dynamic control model for bottom blowing through historical data fitting and feedback correction, but only considers mixing and does not consider mass transfer; CN115261551B compares the mixing time and dead zone of different nozzle arrangement parameters through numerical simulation to obtain a better arrangement scheme, but similarly does not comprehensively consider the interfacial mass transfer performance.

[0004] Some scholars have pointed out that the arrangement of bottom-blowing nozzles not only affects the mixing of molten steel, but also has a significant impact on the slag-steel interface mass transfer coefficient, reaction rate, and inclusion removal process. The inventors (Kaijun Niu, Weihang Feng, Alerto. N. Conejo. Effect of the Nozzle Radial Position and Gas Flow Rate on Mass Transfer During Bottom Gas Injection in Ladles with One Nozzle[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2022, 53(3): 1344-1350) have reported some experimental results on mixing characteristics related to nozzle position in their previous studies. However, this paper only conducted experimental observations on a single performance parameter and did not systematically describe the interaction between nozzle arrangement and mixing behavior and interfacial mass transfer behavior, nor did it propose corresponding nozzle arrangement optimization strategies. In particular, the applicant's subsequent research further revealed a significant conflict between the radial position and included angle of the nozzles and their effects on mixing performance and interfacial mass transfer performance: a nozzle arrangement that is conducive to mixing may not necessarily be conducive to interfacial mass transfer, while an arrangement that is conducive to interfacial mass transfer may lead to a decrease in mixing efficiency. In addition, the literature (Zhang Fujun, Yang Shufeng, Liu Wei, et al. Characteristics of mixing and interfacial mass transfer in electric arc furnace molten pool of composite stirring process [J]. Iron and Steel, 2024, 59(2):85-98.) studied the effects of nozzle spacing and position changes on mixing and mass transfer, and also found that the optimal points for stirring conditions are not consistent. However, the relevant studies did not propose a systematic design method that incorporates both into the optimization objective, nor did they establish a multi-objective optimization model that can be used for engineering applications. At present, nozzle arrangement in industrial production is mostly based on experience or single performance indicators, and there is a lack of a systematic and quantitative design method that can take into account the performance requirements of mixing time and interfacial mass transfer coefficient, resulting in unstable smelting efficiency, high energy consumption, and significant fluctuations in molten steel quality.

[0005] In summary, the method for optimizing the position of bottom blowing nozzles that simultaneously considers the mixing of molten steel and the mass transfer at the slag-steel interface still falls into the current technological gap. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to address the problem that existing bottom-blowing nozzle arrangement methods for metallurgical vessels, which design solely based on mixing time or dead zone size, fail to simultaneously consider slag-steel interfacial mass transfer efficiency. Existing nozzle arrangement methods typically rely on empirical judgment, lacking quantitative optimization criteria, leading to insufficient steel mixing, low interfacial reaction efficiency, and unreasonable nozzle placement. Therefore, this invention proposes a nozzle arrangement determination method that simultaneously optimizes steel mixing time and the slag-steel interfacial mass transfer coefficient. By constructing a flow-mass transfer coupling model for the metallurgical vessel considering the number of nozzles, radial position, and separation angle, and combining it with a normalized single-objective trade-off optimization method, a nozzle arrangement scheme achieving a comprehensive optimal balance between mixing performance and interfacial mass transfer performance is obtained. This invention, by establishing a single-objective function, ensures that the optimization results have clear physical meaning and strong engineering adjustability, realizing a shift in nozzle arrangement from empirical setting to quantifiable, calculable, and verifiable data-driven optimization design. The method of this invention can significantly improve the flow field organization and interfacial reaction kinetics in the metallurgical process, increase the mixing efficiency of molten steel, the mass transfer efficiency of the slag-steel interface, and the refining effect, thereby improving the quality stability of molten steel and the overall efficiency of the smelting process.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for optimizing the position of a bottom-blowing nozzle in a metallurgical container, comprising the following steps: Collect data on the geometric parameters, process conditions, and physical properties of metallurgical containers; Construct a model that adapts to different nozzle arrangement parameters; The steel molten mixing time and the slag-steel interface volumetric mass transfer coefficient were determined as the dual optimization indicators. The dual optimization indices are normalized to construct a unified optimization single objective function; Different arrangement schemes are traversed within the nozzle arrangement parameter space, and they are input into the model and solved using a single objective function. The nozzle arrangement parameters with the smallest single objective function value are selected as the optimal solution.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steel mixing time is obtained through experiments or CFD calculations, with the optimization objective being minimization; the slag-steel interface volumetric mass transfer coefficient is obtained through experiments or CFD calculations, with the optimization objective being maximization. To facilitate the unified handling of objective functions in opposite directions, the normalization process employs a linear normalization method, uniformly converting the steel mixing time and the slag-steel interface volumetric mass transfer coefficient into the optimization direction of minimization. The normalization formula is: ; ; in, This is the normalized value of the steel mixing time. To measure the mixing time, The minimum measured mixing time, This represents the maximum measured mixing time. This represents the normalized value of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient at the slag-steel interface. The measured volumetric mass transfer coefficient is... The maximum measured volumetric mass transfer coefficient, This is the minimum measured volumetric mass transfer coefficient.

[0009] The two normalized objectives ( and All of them satisfy the optimization direction of "the smaller the better".

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in the normalization target and Based on this, the invention adopts a proportional compromise principle, directly combining the two indicators into a single objective function. The calculation formula for the single objective function is as follows: ; Among them, For single-objective function values, This is the normalized value of the steel mixing time. This is the normalized value of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient at the slag-steel interface. This function is equivalent to assuming that mixing performance and interfacial mass transfer performance are equally important in the industrial refining process. When is minimized, it is considered that the nozzle arrangement has achieved the optimal trade-off between the two performance characteristics.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data includes one or more of the following: metallurgical container diameter, metallurgical container height, molten steel height, slag thickness, slag-to-steel thickness ratio, molten steel height-to-width ratio, number of bottom blowing holes, bottom blowing hole diameter, or bottom blowing gas density.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the model includes one or more combinations of a physical model and a numerical model. The physical model is constructed using the principle of similarity, and the numerical model is constructed using CFD software (such as ANSYS Fluent).

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle arrangement parameters include the number of nozzles, radial position, and nozzle angle; the nozzle arrangement method within the nozzle arrangement parameter space includes multi-ring multi-point arrangement or ring-radial combination arrangement, and the nozzle gas flow rate is distributed among different nozzles or different rings.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the method for determining the mixing time of molten steel includes: adding a tracer to the molten steel; when the conductivity fluctuation caused by the tracer in the molten steel is stable and the change range does not exceed ±5% of the stable value, it is determined that the steel has been mixed, and the time at this time is recorded as the mixing time.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the method for determining the volumetric mass transfer coefficient at the slag-steel interface includes: adding a tracer to the molten steel, taking samples at intervals to detect the tracer concentration, stopping the detection when the concentration difference between two consecutive measurements is less than 1%, and calculating the volumetric mass transfer coefficient based on the detection data.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, it also includes iterative calibration of the model by collecting data on temperature uniformity, composition fluctuation, or slag-steel interface behavior.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the metallurgical container includes one or more of a converter, an electric furnace, and an LF refining furnace (ladle refining furnace).

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Compared to existing methods that rely on experience-based judgment or focus on a single indicator to determine nozzle arrangement, this invention offers a significant improvement in technical effectiveness. For the first time, this invention incorporates both "slag-steel interface mass transfer capacity" and "molten steel mixing time" as dual performance indicators into the nozzle arrangement optimization framework. Through data normalization and weighted single-objective construction, these two competing indicators are unified into a calculable objective function, achieving systematic, quantitative, and repeatable optimization of nozzle arrangement, overcoming the limitations of existing single-objective arrangement methods. The physical simulation or numerical model established by this invention can accurately characterize the influence of nozzle number, radial position, and nozzle angle on molten steel flow structure, thermal-mass transport behavior, and slag-steel interface coupling effect. Based on this, through normalization and the establishment of a single objective function, the optimal nozzle arrangement scheme in an engineering sense can be obtained even when mixing efficiency and interfacial mass transfer efficiency cannot be simultaneously optimized. This transforms the nozzle design process from qualitative judgment based on experience to quantitative decision-making based on a model. This method is applicable to various metallurgical vessels such as converters, electric furnaces, and LF refining furnaces. It can correct the model through on-site data, realize closed-loop iterative optimization between the model and actual working conditions, and ensure that the optimization results are consistent with the actual smelting conditions. It has the advantages of wide applicability, strong operability, and improved smelting efficiency and quality stability, and has good engineering promotion value. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the arrangement and determination method of bottom-blowing nozzles for metallurgical containers provided by the present invention; Figure 2This is a plan view of a double-hole bottom-blown ladle model according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement of the double-hole bottom-blowing nozzles in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 The relationship curve between the included angle of the dual-hole bottom-blowing nozzle and the mixing time in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 5 The relationship curve between the radial position of the dual-hole bottom-blowing nozzle and the mixing time in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 6 The relationship curve between the included angle of the dual-hole bottom-blowing nozzle and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 7 The relationship curve between the radial position of the dual-hole bottom-blowing nozzle and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient in this embodiment of the invention.

[0020] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Metallurgical container; 11-Bottom of container; 2-Bottom blowing nozzle; 3-Gas supply pipe for nozzle; 4-Gas flow control device; 5-Molten steel; 6-Slag layer. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with specific examples. However, these should not be construed as limiting the present invention and are merely examples.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, the test methods or experimental methods described in the following examples are conventional methods; unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials are obtained from conventional commercial sources or prepared by conventional methods.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in the embodiments of this invention are commercially available chemical raw materials that are known in the market.

[0024] In existing bottom-blowing nozzle arrangement methods for metallurgical vessels, the nozzle position and number are usually selected solely based on the steel mixing time or dead zone distribution, neglecting the impact of slag-steel interface mass transfer on the smelting process. This results in insufficient uniformity of steel composition and temperature, affecting steel quality; low interface mass transfer efficiency, leading to incomplete removal of inclusions; long smelting cycles; high energy consumption; and a strong reliance on experience in nozzle arrangement, lacking scientific optimization methods.

[0025] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a method for determining the bottom-blowing nozzle arrangement in metallurgical vessels based on the optimization of mixing time and slag-steel interface mass transfer coupling. This method achieves scientific optimization of nozzle arrangement, thereby improving steel quality and production efficiency.

[0026] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and experimental data.

[0027] Example: like Figures 1-7 As shown, the present invention provides a method for optimizing the position of a bottom-blowing nozzle in a metallurgical container, comprising the following steps: (1) Metallurgical container 1 smelting parameter acquisition Using a 210-ton double-hole bottom-blowing industrial steel ladle as a prototype, a physical simulation model with a geometric similarity ratio of 1:10 for organic glass water was established to verify the bottom-blowing nozzle arrangement optimization method of the present invention for metallurgical containers.

[0028] Ladle prototype dimensions: bottom diameter 3513 mm, top diameter 3900 mm, total height 4000 mm, molten steel height 2810 mm, slag-to-steel thickness ratio 0.08, bottom blowing vent diameter 130 mm, number of bottom blowing vents 2, bottom blowing gas density 1.783 kg·m³ -3 .

[0029] Dimensions of the physical model of the ladle: bottom diameter 351 mm, top diameter 390 mm, total height 400 mm, molten steel height 281 mm, slag-to-steel thickness ratio 0.08, bottom blowing vent diameter 13 mm, number of bottom blowing vents 2, bottom blowing gas density 1.293 kg·m³ -3 .

[0030] (2) Physical model building and nozzle arrangement variable setting The ladle body is made of transparent acrylic material, with replaceable nozzles at the bottom for easy adjustment of the bottom-blowing position and quantity. It simulates the mixing and interfacial mass transfer of the molten ladle using a dual-hole bottom-blowing system. The vent holes simulate permeable bricks, and compressed air is used as the stirring gas. The included angles between the two bottom-blowing nozzles are 45°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, and 180°, corresponding to radial positions of 0.2R, 0.3R, 0.4R, 0.5R, 0.6R, and 0.7R.

[0031] To account for the influence of slag on the transport behavior within the ladle, the physical simulation uses a water-oil-air system to simulate the molten steel-slag-argon system, with petroleum ether simulating slag and thymol simulating solute.

[0032] (3) Determine the dual performance indicators and perform normalization processing. To investigate the mixing phenomenon within the ladle, 100 mL of saturated potassium chloride solution was added to each furnace. The mixing time was calculated by measuring the change in conductivity caused by the addition of the tracer. The 95% rule was used to determine the mixing time: when the conductivity fluctuation was stable and the change range did not exceed ±5% of the stable value, it was considered to be mixed.

[0033] In the study of mass transfer in steel ladles, deionized water was used to simulate the metallic phase, petroleum ether to simulate the slag phase, and thymol was used as a tracer. A 100 ppm thymol reagent was prepared and added to the steel ladle. Samples of the molten steel were taken at different times, and the concentrations were measured and recorded using a UV spectrophotometer at intervals until the concentration difference between two consecutive measurements was less than 1%. The measurement points coincided with the mixing process, and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient was calculated based on the detection data.

[0034] (4) Data normalization and construction of single objective function Since the mixing time and the interfacial mass transfer system have different dimensions and opposite target directions, this invention employs linear normalization for easier unified optimization: ; ; Both normalized indices are "the smaller the better", thus constructing a single objective function: ; All nozzle arrangement schemes were calculated and compared, and the results were recorded. Minimal layout scheme.

[0035] (5) Performance test results of nozzle arrangement scheme For ladle mixing: Under dual-orifice bottom blowing conditions, the angle between the dual-orifice bottom blowing nozzles and the ladle mixing time show a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. With a radial position of 0.5R, a slag layer thickness of 5%, and an air flow rate of 3.5 NL / min, when the angle between the dual-orifice bottom blowing nozzles increases from 45° to 120°, the average ladle mixing time decreases from 77.73 s to 70.37 s. Further increasing the angle to 180° increases the average ladle mixing time to 86.75 s, indicating that a 120° angle is more suitable for ladle mixing. Under dual-orifice bottom blowing conditions, the radial position of the bottom blowing nozzles and the ladle mixing time show a linear decreasing trend; when the radial position increases from 0.2R to 0.7R, the average ladle mixing time gradually decreases from 109.62 s to 58.59 s. In summary, under dual-hole bottom blowing conditions, a 120° included angle between the dual-hole bottom blowing nozzles and a radial position of 0.7R are more conducive to uniform mixing of the ladle.

[0036] For ladle mass transfer: Under dual-orifice bottom blowing conditions, the included angle between the dual-orifice bottom blowing nozzles is linearly positively correlated with the ladle volumetric mass transfer coefficient. With a radial position of 0.5R, a slag layer thickness of 5%, and an air flow rate of 3.5 NL / min, when the included angle between the dual-orifice bottom blowing nozzles increases from 45° to 180°, the ladle volumetric mass transfer coefficient increases from 4.94 cm⁻¹. 3 / s increased to 6.36cm 3 / s indicates that a 180° angle between the two-orifice bottom-blowing nozzles is more suitable for ladle mass transfer. Under the condition of dual-orifice bottom-blowing, the radial position of the bottom-blowing nozzles and the ladle volumetric mass transfer coefficient show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the radial position increases from 0.2R to 0.5R, the ladle volumetric mass transfer coefficient increases from 3.61 cm³ / s. 3 / s increased to 5.82 cm 3 / s. Further increasing the radial position of the bottom-blowing nozzle to 0.7R slightly reduced the volumetric mass transfer coefficient of the ladle to 4.29 cm. 3 / s. In summary, under dual-orifice bottom-blowing conditions, a 180° included angle between the two bottom-blowing nozzles and a radial position of 0.5R are more conducive to ladle mixing. This invention is not limited to the specific values ​​mentioned above.

[0037] (5) Single-objective optimization to select the final nozzle arrangement scheme Based on the test results of the ladle mixing performance and slag-steel interface mass transfer performance, it can be observed that the optimal points for the two performance indicators are not consistent with each other in terms of nozzle arrangement variables (radial position, nozzle angle), exhibiting typical multi-objective conflict characteristics. Therefore, according to the "normalization + single-objective optimization" method proposed in this invention, the mixing time and interface mass transfer coefficient are weighted equally to construct a comprehensive objective function: ; in This is the normalized value of the mixing time. The normalized minimum value of the interface volume mass transfer coefficient is achieved through inverse normalization, which realizes that "the higher the mass transfer, the smaller the target".

[0038] By traversing the experimental schemes, the corresponding F-function values ​​under different bottom-blowing nozzle positions can be obtained, as shown in the table below.

[0039] Table 1 Single-objective optimization scheme According to the single-objective optimization proposed in this invention, considering both mixing time and slag-steel interface mass transfer, under current process conditions, the optimal nozzle radial position of the dual-orifice bottom-blowing ladle is approximately 0.5R, with an included angle of 120° between nozzles. This optimization scheme maintains a low comprehensive objective function value in both the normalized objectives of mixing time and mass transfer coefficient, achieving a balanced optimization at this position that maintains a short mixing time while improving slag-steel interface mass transfer efficiency, thus balancing the effects of steel mixing and slag-steel interface mass transfer. Compared with designs that solely pursue mixing or mass transfer, this scheme has higher metallurgical applicability and process stability, and can simultaneously shorten mixing time, accelerate the slag-steel interface reaction rate, and improve the uniformity of steel composition and temperature during the refining process.

[0040] (6) On-site verification and model correction Field verification shows that this arrangement scheme can effectively shorten the mixing time and improve the slag-steel interface reaction efficiency. The deviation between the model prediction and the actual result is within 5%, verifying the effectiveness and operability of the method of this invention. By correcting the model using field data, dynamic optimization and closed-loop iteration of the nozzle arrangement can be further realized.

[0041] It should be noted that the methods and apparatus not described in detail in the embodiments of the present invention are all prior art and will not be repeated. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the position of a bottom-blowing nozzle in a metallurgical container, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Collect data on the geometric parameters, process conditions, and physical properties of metallurgical containers; Construct a model that adapts to different nozzle arrangement parameters; The steel molten mixing time and the slag-steel interface volumetric mass transfer coefficient were determined as the dual optimization indicators. The dual optimization indices are normalized to construct a unified optimization single objective function; Different arrangement schemes are traversed within the nozzle arrangement parameter space, and they are input into the model and solved using a single objective function. The nozzle arrangement parameters with the smallest single objective function value are selected as the optimal solution.

2. The method for optimizing the position of bottom-blowing nozzles in metallurgical containers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The normalization process employs a linear normalization method, which unifies the steel mixing time and the slag-steel interface volumetric mass transfer coefficient into a minimized optimization direction. The normalization formula is as follows: ； ； in, This is the normalized value of the steel mixing time. To measure the mixing time, The minimum measured mixing time, This represents the maximum measured mixing time. This represents the normalized value of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient at the slag-steel interface. The measured volumetric mass transfer coefficient is... The maximum measured volumetric mass transfer coefficient, This is the minimum measured volumetric mass transfer coefficient.

3. The method for optimizing the position of the bottom-blowing nozzle in a metallurgical container according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the single-objective function is as follows: ； Among them, For single-objective function values, This is the normalized value of the steel mixing time. This is the normalized value of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient at the slag-steel interface.

4. The method for optimizing the position of the bottom-blowing nozzle in a metallurgical container according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data includes one or more of the following: metallurgical container diameter, metallurgical container height, molten steel height, slag thickness, slag-to-steel thickness ratio, molten steel height-to-width ratio, number of bottom blowing holes, bottom blowing hole diameter, or bottom blowing gas density.

5. The method for optimizing the position of bottom-blowing nozzles in metallurgical containers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The model includes one or more combinations of physical models and numerical models.

6. The method for optimizing the position of bottom-blowing nozzles in metallurgical containers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle arrangement parameters include the number of nozzles, radial position, and nozzle angle; the nozzle arrangement method within the nozzle arrangement parameter space includes multi-ring multi-point arrangement or ring-radial combination arrangement, and the nozzle gas flow rate is distributed among different nozzles or different rings.

7. The method for optimizing the position of bottom-blowing nozzles in metallurgical containers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for determining the mixing time of molten steel includes: adding a tracer to the molten steel; when the conductivity fluctuation caused by the tracer in the molten steel is stable and the change range does not exceed ±5% of the stable value, it is determined that the steel has been mixed, and the time at this time is recorded as the mixing time.

8. The method for optimizing the position of bottom-blowing nozzles in metallurgical containers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for determining the volumetric mass transfer coefficient at the slag-steel interface includes: adding a tracer to the molten steel, taking samples at intervals to detect the tracer concentration, stopping the detection when the concentration difference between two consecutive measurements is less than 1%, and calculating the volumetric mass transfer coefficient based on the detection data.

9. The method for optimizing the position of the bottom-blowing nozzle in a metallurgical container according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes iterative calibration of the model by collecting data on temperature uniformity, compositional fluctuations, or slag-steel interface behavior.

10. The method for optimizing the position of the bottom-blowing nozzle in a metallurgical container according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metallurgical vessel includes one or more of the following: converter, electric furnace, and LF refining furnace.

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