A tidal adaptive salt marsh wetland ecological restoration construction method

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for constructing a tidal-adaptive salt marsh wetland ecological restoration, comprising: step S1, ecological transformation of aquaculture ponds; step S2, reconstruction of tidal channel systems; step S3, reconstruction of the salt marsh vegetation system; step S4, oyster reef ecological restoration; and step S5, precise release and monitoring of benthic organisms: based on GIS ecological assessment, the mudflats are divided into 50m×50m grids, and primary and secondary restoration zones are established according to the degree of ecological degradation. Benthic organisms are released into the restoration zones using RTK drones, and a three-level monitoring system is established for monitoring organism survival. This invention solves the problems of hydrological connectivity obstruction caused by aquaculture pond dikes, obstacles to organism migration, restoration of vegetation shrinkage and benthic biodiversity loss caused by reclamation, depletion of oyster reef resources, and inefficient monitoring and management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of salt marsh wetland ecological restoration technology, specifically a method for constructing a tidal-adaptive salt marsh wetland ecological restoration system. Background Technology

[0002] Salt marsh wetlands are located at the confluence of fresh and saltwater in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Due to the interaction of regular or irregular marine tides and freshwater runoff, these areas have developed into typical wetland ecosystems with significant natural physical environmental stress gradients and distinct vegetation zones. Currently, the degradation and decline of native species habitats are caused by obstructed hydrological connectivity, reduced habitat connectivity for native species, weakened seed flow connectivity, and soil water-salt imbalances. Therefore, the restoration technology of native vegetation in degraded salt marsh wetlands has become an important and highly challenging scientific problem.

[0003] Therefore, a method for constructing a tidal-adaptive ecological restoration system for salt marsh wetlands is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems in existing technologies, this invention provides a tidal-adaptive method for constructing ecological restoration of salt marsh wetlands. This method solves the problems of hydrological connectivity disruption caused by aquaculture pond embankments, obstacles to biological migration, vegetation shrinkage and loss of benthic biodiversity caused by reclamation, oyster reef resource depletion, and inefficient monitoring and management.

[0005] The technical solution to achieve the above objectives is: A method for constructing a tidal-adaptive saline wetland ecosystem includes: Step S1, Ecological transformation of aquaculture ponds: According to the construction drawings and relevant specifications, amphibious excavators are used to break down the original fishpond dikes to form a reclamation area for the sea, and a pine pile support system is installed at the junction of the tidal channel. The excavated soil is used for micro-topography on-site. Step S2, tidal channel water system reconstruction: Based on the existing tidal channel, it is expanded in stages and a cutter suction dredger is used to excavate in layers to restore the water exchange capacity and provide a stable hydrological environment for subsequent vegetation and organisms. Step S3, Reconstruction of Salt Marsh Vegetation System: After the tidal channel water system is stabilized, micro-land preparation and planting of plant communities, including but not limited to reeds and Suaeda salsa; Step S4, Oyster Reef Ecological Restoration: Multiple reef groups are deployed using a three-stage process of "prefabrication-transportation-deployment"; Step S5, Precise Deployment and Monitoring of Benthic Organisms: Based on GIS (Geographic Information System) ecological assessment, the mudflats are divided into 50m×50m grids, and primary and secondary restoration zones are established according to the degree of ecological degradation. Benthic organisms are deployed to the restoration zones using RTK drones, and a three-level monitoring system is established for monitoring the survival of the organisms.

[0006] Preferably, in step S1, a pine pile support system is installed at the junction of the tidal ditch, and the construction process includes: Use a total station to accurately lay out the lines according to the pile location plan; Then, use an excavator to control the piling according to the design requirements. Stop piling when the design elevation is reached or the design penetration requirements are met. After pile driving is completed, if the top elevation of the pile is higher than the design elevation, the pile will be cut off: the pile will be cut off by a pile saw or by manual saw. After the pile driving is completed, if the top elevation of the pile is higher than the design elevation, the pile is spliced. The splicing method is: steel plate clamp + bolt connection or tongue and groove joint. The pine stakes are treated with CCA (chromium copper arsenate) for corrosion protection.

[0007] Preferably, in step S2, the tidal channel is divided into a primary tidal channel, a secondary tidal channel, and a tertiary tidal channel, and the excavation sequence is as follows: tertiary tidal channel, secondary tidal channel, primary tidal channel; in, Level 1 tidal ditch: bottom width ≥ 5m, length 1149m, over-excavation depth 0.3m, over-width 3m; Secondary tidal channel: bottom width 30m, length 5946m; Level 3 tidal channel: bottom width 20m, length 1721m; After excavation, RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) was used to remeasure the bottom width and slope of the tidal channel; After the excavation was completed, fast-growing salt-tolerant herbaceous plants were planted on the slopes of the tidal ditch, and pine stakes and eco-bags were added to protect the bank at the bends of the tidal ditch.

[0008] Preferably, in step S3, the micro-topography shaping standard is as follows: Elevation control in layers: Reed planting area: 2.7m, Salt-tolerant Suaeda salsa planting area: 2.3-2.7m, wherein the Salt-tolerant Suaeda salsa planting adopts the tidal irrigation method; Static compaction is achieved using a light road roller.

[0009] Preferably, in step S4, the three-stage process of "prefabrication-transportation-deployment" is as follows: Prefabrication stage: The concrete mix proportions were determined through experiments. Before pouring, thoroughly inspect the flatness of the formwork, the stability of the supports, the spacing of the reinforcing bars and the position of the embedded parts. Remove sawdust and cement residue from the formwork, and clean the mortar and oil stains on the surface of the reinforcing bars and embedded parts to ensure effective bonding between the concrete and the reinforcing bars. After the concrete is poured, immediately cover it with geotextile or plastic film to keep it moist. After it hardens, continue to cure it for more than 10 days until the concrete strength is ≥C30. All welding points of the added reinforcing bars shall be double-sided lap welded, with a lap length of not less than 5 times the diameter of the reinforcing bar, a weld width of ≥0.8 times the diameter of the reinforcing bar, and a weld thickness of ≥0.3 times the diameter of the reinforcing bar. Transportation phase: Marine transport barges are used as the core tool for transporting and deploying reefs. Based on the size and weight of the reefs and the water depth of the deployment area, barges with suitable hull capacity are selected and equipped with anti-collision buffer layers. Deployment phase: When deploying at sea, the single-unit hoisting adopts a four-point hoisting process. With dual positioning through GPS on the deployment vessel and GPS handheld by the construction personnel, the deployment error is ≤5 meters. After the reef is completely lowered to the seabed, the four-point hoisting is released simultaneously.

[0010] Preferably, in step S5, severely degraded ecological areas are marked as primary restoration areas, and the stocking density is increased to 1.5 times that of conventional areas; native ecosystems are designated as secondary restoration areas, and the stocking density is implemented according to conventional standards.

[0011] Preferably, in step S5, the RTK drone deployment includes: flight path planning and deployment control; Optimal route generation for flight path planning: Combining the tidal flat terrain and the distribution of the deployment area, a greedy algorithm is used to plan the flight path, with the flight altitude set at 3-5m and the flight speed controlled at 2-3m / s; Deployment control: After the UAV reaches the center point of the target grid, the hovering accuracy is controlled within ±0.5m. The deployment gate is triggered by the flight control system or remote controller to achieve single-point quantitative deployment. For large-area continuous repair areas, a regional coverage deployment mode is adopted, and the deployment gate opens intermittently at a preset frequency. Preferably, in step S5, the three-level monitoring system includes: Short-term: Sampling will be conducted at 7, 15, and 30 days after deployment, with 3 1m samples randomly selected from each grid. 2 Quadrates are used to collect benthic organisms using quadrat methods or core samplers, and their survival rate, distribution range, and activity status are recorded. Benthic organisms include mollusks and annelids. For mollusks, underwater high-definition cameras are used to film their burrowing depth and feeding behavior. For annelids, their habitat density is observed through artificial excavation. Mid-term: Compare the Shannon-Wiener diversity index before and after release to assess changes in species evenness and richness, and monitor changes in benthic density; Long-term: By combining drone aerial photography with AI image recognition technology, monitor changes in the coverage of native marine plants in the deployment area, count the frequency of appearance of intertidal birds and small fish, and assess the supporting role of benthic organisms in the food chain.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) This invention reconstructs the water system network by tiered excavation of tidal channels (primary / secondary / tertiary), eliminates the ecological isolation effect of aquaculture ponds, solves the hydrological connectivity blockage and biological migration obstacles caused by the dikes of aquaculture ponds, and restores the natural tidal exchange capacity; 2) This invention restores the carbon sink and bank protection functions of salt marsh wetlands through micro-topography (elevation control ±5cm) and reconstruction of native plant communities, solving the problem of vegetation shrinkage and loss of benthic biodiversity caused by reclamation. 3) This invention targets areas with a reef coverage rate of <5%, and uses a prefabrication-transportation-deployment process to precisely deploy multiple reef groups, rebuild the attachment base for oyster larvae, and solve the problem of oyster reef resource depletion. 4) This invention uses RTK drones and AI image recognition to achieve biological release and survival rate monitoring, solving the problem of large errors in traditional manual monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a tidal-adaptive salt marsh wetland ecological restoration construction method according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for constructing a tidal-adaptive saline wetland ecological restoration system includes: Step S1, Ecological transformation of aquaculture ponds: According to the construction drawings and relevant specifications, amphibious excavators are used to break down the original fishpond dikes to form a reclamation area for the sea, and a pine pile support system is installed at the junction of the tidal channel. The excavated soil is used for micro-topography on-site.

[0016] In this embodiment, a pine pile support system is installed at the junction of the tidal ditch, and the construction process includes: Use a total station to accurately lay out the lines according to the pile location plan; Then, use an excavator to control the piling according to the design requirements. Stop piling when the design elevation is reached or the design penetration requirements are met. Piling includes: Initial pressing: The excavator (SY235H) reverses its bucket and uses the back of the bucket to gently press the top of the pile, pressing the pile into the foundation 1-2m (self-stabilizing depth). The personnel holding the pile then leave. Continuous pile driving: The excavator continues to press down vertically with the back of the bucket until the pile tip enters the bearing layer. It takes about 3-5 minutes for a single pile. During the piling process, closely observe the verticality and penetration of the pile. If the pile is found to be tilted or the penetration speed is abnormal, piling should be stopped immediately, the cause should be identified and corrected. Generally, the verticality deviation of the pile should not exceed 1%. Control the piling depth according to the design requirements. Piling can be stopped when the pile reaches the design elevation or meets the design penetration requirements. After pile driving is completed, if the top elevation of the pile is higher than the design elevation, the pile will be cut off: the pile will be cut off by a pile saw or by manual saw. After the pile driving is completed, if the top elevation of the pile is higher than the design elevation, the pile is spliced. The splicing method is: steel plate clamp + bolt connection or tongue and groove joint. The pine stakes are treated with CCA for corrosion prevention, which extends their service life.

[0017] Step S2, tidal channel system reconstruction: Based on the existing tidal channel, it is expanded in stages and a cutter suction dredger is used to excavate in layers to restore the water exchange capacity and provide a stable hydrological environment for subsequent vegetation and organisms.

[0018] In this embodiment, the tidal channel is divided into a primary tidal channel, a secondary tidal channel, and a tertiary tidal channel, and the excavation sequence is as follows: tertiary tidal channel, secondary tidal channel, primary tidal channel; in, Level 1 tidal ditch: bottom width ≥ 5m, length 1149m, over-excavation depth 0.3m, over-width 3m; Secondary tidal channel: bottom width 30m, length 5946m; Level 3 tidal channel: bottom width 20m, length 1721m; After excavation, RTK was used to remeasure the bottom width and slope of the tidal channel to ensure that it met the design requirements. After the excavation was completed, fast-growing salt-tolerant herbaceous plants were planted on the slopes of the tidal ditch, and pine stakes and eco-bags were added to protect the bank at the bends of the tidal ditch.

[0019] Step S3, Reconstruction of Salt Marsh Vegetation System: After the tidal channel water system is stabilized, micro-land preparation and planting of plant communities, including but not limited to reeds and Suaeda salsa.

[0020] In this embodiment, the micro-topography remediation standard is as follows: Elevation control in layers: Reed planting area: 2.7m (allowable deviation ±5cm), Suaeda salsa planting area: 2.3-2.7m (distributed according to tidal inundation gradient), among which, Suaeda salsa planting adopts tidal irrigation method; Use a light roller for static compaction to avoid damaging the soil structure.

[0021] Step S4, oyster reef ecological restoration: Multiple reefs are deployed using a three-stage process of "prefabrication-transportation-deployment".

[0022] In this embodiment, the three-stage process of "prefabrication-transportation-deployment" is as follows: Prefabrication stage: The concrete mix proportions were determined through experiments. Before pouring, thoroughly inspect the flatness of the formwork, the stability of the supports, the spacing of the reinforcing bars and the position of the embedded parts. Remove sawdust and cement residue from the formwork, and clean the mortar and oil stains on the surface of the reinforcing bars and embedded parts to ensure effective bonding between the concrete and the reinforcing bars. After the concrete is poured, immediately cover it with geotextile or plastic film to keep it moist. After it hardens, continue to cure it for more than 10 days until the concrete strength is ≥C30. All welding points of the added reinforcing bars shall be double-sided lap welded, with a lap length of not less than 5 times the diameter of the reinforcing bar, a weld width of ≥0.8 times the diameter of the reinforcing bar, and a weld thickness of ≥0.3 times the diameter of the reinforcing bar. Transportation phase: Marine transport barges are used as the core tool for transporting and deploying reefs. Based on the size and weight of the reefs and the water depth of the deployment area, barges with suitable hull capacity are selected and equipped with anti-collision buffer layers. Deployment phase: When deploying at sea, the single-unit hoisting adopts a four-point hoisting process. With dual positioning through GPS on the deployment vessel and GPS handheld by the construction personnel, the deployment error is ≤5 meters. After the reef is completely lowered to the seabed, the four-point hoisting is released simultaneously.

[0023] Step S5, Precise Deployment and Monitoring of Benthic Organisms: Based on GIS ecological assessment, the mudflats are divided into 50m×50m grids, and primary and secondary restoration zones are established according to the degree of ecological degradation. Benthic organisms are deployed to the restoration zones using RTK drones, and a three-level monitoring system is established for monitoring the survival of the organisms.

[0024] In the embodiment, severely degraded ecological areas are marked as Level 1 restoration areas, and the stocking density is increased to 1.5 times that of conventional areas; native ecological areas are designated as Level 2 restoration areas, and the stocking density is implemented according to conventional standards.

[0025] In this embodiment, RTK drone deployment includes: flight path planning and deployment control; Optimal route generation for flight path planning: Combining the tidal flat terrain and the distribution of the deployment area, a greedy algorithm is used to plan the flight path, with the flight altitude set at 3-5m and the flight speed controlled at 2-3m / s; Deployment control: After the UAV reaches the center point of the target grid, the hovering accuracy is controlled within ±0.5m. The deployment gate is triggered by the flight control system or remote controller to achieve single-point quantitative deployment. For large-area continuous repair areas, a regional coverage deployment mode is adopted, and the deployment gate opens intermittently at a preset frequency. In this embodiment, the three-level monitoring system includes: Short-term: Sampling will be conducted at 7, 15, and 30 days after deployment, with 3 1m samples randomly selected from each grid. 2 Quadrates are used to collect benthic organisms using quadrat methods or core samplers, and their survival rate, distribution range, and activity status are recorded. Benthic organisms include mollusks and annelids. For mollusks, underwater high-definition cameras are used to film their burrowing depth and feeding behavior. For annelids, their habitat density is observed through artificial excavation. Mid-term: Compare the Shannon-Wiener index before and after release to assess changes in species evenness and richness, and monitor changes in benthic density; Long-term: By combining drone aerial photography with AI image recognition technology, monitor changes in the coverage of native marine plants in the deployment area, count the frequency of appearance of intertidal birds and small fish, and assess the supporting role of benthic organisms in the food chain.

[0026] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a tidal-adaptive saline wetland ecological restoration system, characterized in that, include: Step S1, Ecological transformation of aquaculture ponds: According to the construction drawings and relevant specifications, amphibious excavators are used to break down the original fishpond dikes to form a reclamation area for the sea, and a pine pile support system is installed at the junction of the tidal channel. The excavated soil is used for micro-topography on-site. Step S2, tidal channel water system reconstruction: Based on the existing tidal channel, it is expanded in stages and a cutter suction dredger is used to excavate in layers to restore the water exchange capacity and provide a stable hydrological environment for subsequent vegetation and organisms. Step S3, Reconstruction of Salt Marsh Vegetation System: After the tidal channel water system is stabilized, micro-land preparation and planting of plant communities, including but not limited to reeds and Suaeda salsa; Step S4, Oyster Reef Ecological Restoration: Multiple reef groups are deployed using a three-stage process of "prefabrication-transportation-deployment"; Step S5, Precise Deployment and Monitoring of Benthic Organisms: Based on GIS ecological assessment, the mudflats are divided into 50m×50m grids, and primary and secondary restoration zones are established according to the degree of ecological degradation. Benthic organisms are deployed to the restoration zones using RTK drones, and a three-level monitoring system is established for monitoring the survival of the organisms.

2. The method for constructing a tidal-adaptive saline wetland ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, a pine pile support system is installed at the junction of the tidal ditch. The construction process includes: Use a total station to accurately lay out the lines according to the pile location plan; Then, use an excavator to control the piling according to the design requirements. Stop piling when the design elevation is reached or the design penetration requirements are met. After pile driving is completed, if the top elevation of the pile is higher than the design elevation, the pile will be cut off: the pile will be cut off by a pile saw or by manual saw. After the pile driving is completed, if the top elevation of the pile is higher than the design elevation, the pile is spliced. The splicing method is: steel plate clamp + bolt connection or tongue and groove joint. The pine stakes were treated with CCA for corrosion prevention.

3. The method for constructing a tidal-adaptive saline wetland ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the tidal channel is divided into a primary tidal channel, a secondary tidal channel, and a tertiary tidal channel, and the excavation sequence is as follows: tertiary tidal channel, secondary tidal channel, primary tidal channel; in, Level 1 tidal ditch: bottom width ≥ 5m, length 1149m, over-excavation depth 0.3m, over-width 3m; Secondary tidal channel: bottom width 30m, length 5946m; Level 3 tidal channel: bottom width 20m, length 1721m; After excavation, RTK was used to remeasure the bottom width and slope of the tidal channel; After the excavation was completed, fast-growing salt-tolerant herbaceous plants were planted on the slopes of the tidal ditch, and pine stakes and eco-bags were added to protect the bank at the bends of the tidal ditch.

4. The method for constructing a tidal-adaptive saline wetland ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the micro-topography remediation standard is as follows: Elevation control in layers: Reed planting area: 2.7m, Salt-tolerant Suaeda salsa planting area: 2.3-2.7m, wherein the Salt-tolerant Suaeda salsa planting adopts the tidal irrigation method; Static compaction is achieved using a light road roller.

5. The method for constructing a tidal-adaptive saline wetland ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the three-stage process of "prefabrication-transportation-deployment" is as follows: Prefabrication stage: The concrete mix proportions were determined through experiments. Before pouring, thoroughly inspect the flatness of the formwork, the stability of the supports, the spacing of the reinforcing bars and the position of the embedded parts. Remove sawdust and cement residue from the formwork, and clean the mortar and oil stains on the surface of the reinforcing bars and embedded parts to ensure effective bonding between the concrete and the reinforcing bars. After the concrete is poured, immediately cover it with geotextile or plastic film to keep it moist. After it hardens, continue to cure it for more than 10 days until the concrete strength is ≥C30. All welding points of the added reinforcing bars shall be double-sided lap welded, with a lap length of not less than 5 times the diameter of the reinforcing bar, a weld width of ≥0.8 times the diameter of the reinforcing bar, and a weld thickness of ≥0.3 times the diameter of the reinforcing bar. Transportation phase: Marine transport barges are used as the core tool for transporting and deploying reefs. Based on the size and weight of the reefs and the water depth of the deployment area, barges with suitable hull capacity are selected and equipped with anti-collision buffer layers. Launch phase: When deploying at sea, the single-unit hoisting adopts a four-point hoisting process. With dual positioning through GPS on the deployment vessel and GPS handheld by the construction personnel, the deployment error is ≤5 meters. After the reef is completely lowered to the seabed, the four-point hoisting is released simultaneously.

6. The method for constructing a tidal-adaptive saline wetland ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, severely degraded ecological areas are marked as Level 1 restoration areas, and the stocking density is increased to 1.5 times that of conventional areas; native ecosystems are designated as Level 2 restoration areas, and the stocking density is implemented according to conventional standards.

7. The method for constructing a tidal-adaptive saline wetland ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the RTK drone deployment includes: flight path planning and deployment control; Optimal route generation for flight path planning: Combining the tidal flat terrain and the distribution of the deployment area, a greedy algorithm is used to plan the flight path, with the flight altitude set at 3-5m and the flight speed controlled at 2-3m / s; Deployment control: After the UAV reaches the center point of the target grid, the hovering accuracy is controlled within ±0.5m. The deployment gate is triggered by the flight control system or remote controller to achieve single-point quantitative deployment. For large-area continuous repair areas, a regional coverage deployment mode is adopted, and the deployment gate opens intermittently at a preset frequency.

8. The method for constructing a tidal-adaptive saline wetland ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the three-level monitoring system includes: Short-term: Sampling will be conducted at 7, 15, and 30 days after deployment, with 3 1m samples randomly selected from each grid. 2 Quadrates are used to collect benthic organisms using quadrat methods or core samplers, and their survival rate, distribution range, and activity status are recorded. Benthic organisms include mollusks and annelids. For mollusks, underwater high-definition cameras are used to film their burrowing depth and feeding behavior. For annelids, their habitat density is observed through artificial excavation. Mid-term: Compare the Shannon-Wiener index before and after release to assess changes in species evenness and richness, and monitor changes in benthic density; Long-term: By combining drone aerial photography with AI image recognition technology, monitor changes in the coverage of native marine plants in the deployment area, count the frequency of appearance of intertidal birds and small fish, and assess the supporting role of benthic organisms in the food chain.

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