A bifacial photovoltaic Translab wall structure coupled with thermochromic and phase change energy storage

Abstract

This invention discloses a thermochromic-phase change energy storage coupled bifacial photovoltaic Translucent wall structure, relating to the field of building envelope technology. It includes a building exterior wall and a structural connection layer. The exterior wall, from the inside out, is sequentially provided with a PCM energy storage layer, a high-absorption coating, and a thermochromic layer. Bifacial photovoltaic modules are installed on the exterior wall, and an airflow channel is provided between the bifacial photovoltaic modules and the thermochromic layer. A ventilation component one is provided between the bifacial photovoltaic modules and the structural connection layer, and a ventilation component two is provided on the exterior wall. By integrating multiple key components such as bifacial photovoltaic modules, airflow channels, thermochromic layer, high-absorption coating, PCM energy storage layer, and building exterior wall, it not only effectively utilizes solar energy for power generation but also significantly improves overall energy utilization efficiency and building environment control capabilities through the organic combination of multiple mechanisms such as heat collection, heat storage, heat dissipation, and insulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building envelope technology, specifically to a bifacial photovoltaic Transbryne wall structure coupled with thermochromic-phase change energy storage. Background Technology

[0002] Transbrew walls are a typical type of passive solar thermal envelope. They absorb, store, and supply heat to the interior through the synergistic effect of an outer transparent layer, an air layer, and a heat-absorbing wall. In winter, Transbrew walls can reduce the building's heating load; however, in summer, traditional Transbrew walls are prone to overheating, leading to an increased cooling load and limiting their year-round applicability.

[0003] Meanwhile, bifacial photovoltaic modules can utilize both direct front radiation and reflected back radiation, exhibiting high power generation potential in building facades. However, existing building photovoltaic envelope systems often consider power generation, building insulation, and solar heat gain regulation separately, making it difficult to simultaneously address photovoltaic temperature control, building thermal environment improvement, and wall heat storage utilization.

[0004] Thermochromic materials can automatically change their transmittance and reflectance with temperature: at higher temperatures, they exhibit higher reflectance and lower transmittance to reduce ineffective solar heat gain in summer; at lower temperatures, they exhibit higher transmittance and lower reflectance to enhance effective heat gain in winter. Phase change materials can absorb or release latent heat within the phase change temperature range, thereby smoothing, shifting, and delaying the release of heat peaks.

[0005] In summary, the existing technologies have the following problems: traditional Transylvania walls are prone to overheating in summer and have insufficient heating continuity in winter; building photovoltaic (PV) envelope systems cannot balance power generation efficiency and wall thermal regulation; thermochromic and phase change energy storage technologies are mostly used alone and have failed to achieve synergistic effects.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a bifacial photovoltaic Transbryne wall structure with a more complete structure, clearer mode switching, and stronger year-round regulation capability. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a bifacial photovoltaic Transbryne wall structure that couples thermochromic and phase change energy storage, solving the problems of traditional Transbryne walls being prone to overheating in summer and insufficient heating continuity in winter; building photovoltaic envelope systems struggling to balance power generation efficiency and wall thermal regulation; and thermochromic and phase change energy storage technologies often being used separately without achieving synergistic effects.

[0008] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A thermochromic-phase change energy storage coupled bifacial photovoltaic Translucent wall structure includes an exterior wall and structural connection layers located at the upper and lower ends of the exterior wall. The exterior wall facing the outside is provided with a PCM energy storage layer, a high absorption coating and a thermochromic layer from the inside to the outside. The building's exterior wall is equipped with a bifacial photovoltaic module on the outdoor side. The bifacial photovoltaic module is connected between the upper and lower structural connection layers of the building's exterior wall. An airflow channel is provided between the bifacial photovoltaic module and the thermochromic layer. A ventilation component one is provided between the bifacial photovoltaic module and the structural connection layer, and a ventilation component two is provided on the building exterior wall; Both ventilation component one and ventilation component two are connected to the airflow channel, and ventilation component one and ventilation component two can be opened or closed.

[0009] The present invention provides a thermochromic-phase change energy storage coupled bifacial photovoltaic Transbryne wall structure, which, compared with the prior art, has, but is not limited to, the following beneficial effects: This invention can adjust the opening and closing states of ventilation component one and ventilation component two according to different seasons and day and night operating conditions, in conjunction with the functional characteristics of the structural layer itself, to achieve different temperature control and power generation effects. Compared with the traditional Transbryne wall structure, the structure of this embodiment, through the self-radiative regulation characteristics of the thermochromic layer, combined with the heat storage function of the PCM energy storage layer, and the power generation capacity of the bifacial photovoltaic modules, constitutes an adaptive temperature control and energy storage system. In this system, the components cooperate with each other to adapt to the heat demand of different seasons and different times, greatly improving the effect of passive temperature control of the building. While ensuring indoor thermal comfort, it further reduces the energy consumption of building heating and cooling, realizing the coupling and improvement of photovoltaic power generation and passive energy saving.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention: the bifacial photovoltaic module includes a photovoltaic power generation area and a light transmission area; The photovoltaic power generation area is used to convert incident solar radiation into electrical energy; The light-transmitting area is used for solar radiation to penetrate the airflow channel.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention: the ventilation component is provided in two sets, and the two sets of ventilation components are respectively located between the bifacial photovoltaic module and the upper structural connection layer and between the bifacial photovoltaic module and the lower structural connection layer; The ventilation component includes a ventilation opening, and a baffle is provided on the outside of the ventilation opening. The baffle can be opened or closed.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention: the baffle is a bimetallic strip drive component; The bimetallic strip drive is composed of a composite of metal layer one and metal layer two; the coefficient of thermal expansion of metal layer one is smaller than that of metal layer two. When the temperature rises, the bimetallic strip drive bends toward the metal layer and opens the ventilation port.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the ventilation component one further includes a ventilation frame and guide rails on both sides disposed on the ventilation opening one, a limit block is disposed at the bottom of the guide rail, and a bidirectional memory metal spring is disposed at the top of the limit block; A rack is slidably disposed in the guide rail, and the bottom surface of the rack is connected to the bidirectional memory metal spring; The rack meshes with a transmission gear, and a transmission shaft is connected between the two transmission gears on both sides. The transmission shaft passes through the ventilation frame and is connected to a ventilation baffle. The ventilation baffle is opened or closed by the bidirectional memory metal spring.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the second ventilation component is provided in two sets, and the two sets of the second ventilation component are symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of the building exterior wall; The second ventilation component includes a second ventilation opening on the exterior wall of the building; A baffle is provided in the second ventilation opening; The second baffle can be opened or closed.

[0015] As a further aspect of the present invention: two sets of PCM energy storage layers are provided, and the two sets of PCM energy storage layers are arranged side by side and distributed between the high absorption coating and the building exterior wall.

[0016] As a further aspect of the present invention, the PCM energy storage layer may be one or more of microcapsule phase change materials, shaped phase change composite materials, plate-encapsulated phase change materials, or embedded phase change energy storage media.

[0017] As a further aspect of the present invention: the thermochromic layer can automatically change its transmittance and reflectance with temperature changes, and can exist in a high reflectance and low transmittance state and a high transmittance and low reflectance state.

[0018] As a further aspect of the present invention: during operation, at least one of the following operating modes is included: External circulation single ventilation mode: the first set of two sets of baffles is open, and the second set of two sets of baffles is closed; Internal and external dual circulation mode: both sets of baffle one and both sets of baffle two are open; Internal circulation single ventilation mode: the first set of two baffles is closed, and the second set of two baffles is open; Insulation mode: Both sets of baffle one and both sets of baffle two are closed. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the external circulation single ventilation mode of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal and external dual circulation mode of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal circulation single ventilation mode of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the heat preservation mode of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the two sets of PCM energy storage layer structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the bimetallic strip drive component of the present invention in its normal state; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal deformation of the bimetallic strip drive component of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of sunlight passing through the light-transmitting area and being reflected on the thermochromic layer according to the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the ventilation component of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ventilation component of the present invention that blocks the ventilation opening; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ventilation frame with a limiting strip in this invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Bifacial photovoltaic module; 1-1. Photovoltaic power generation area; 1-2. Light transmission area; 2. Ventilation module one; 2-1. Ventilation opening one; 2-2. Baffle one; 2-3. Guide rail; 2-4. Limiting block; 2-5. Bidirectional memory metal spring; 2-6. Rack; 2-7. Ventilation frame; 2-8. Transmission gear; 2-9. Ventilation baffle; 2-10. Limiting strip; 3. Airflow channel; 4. Ventilation module two; 4-1. Ventilation opening two; 4-2. Baffle two; 5. Building exterior wall; 6. PCM energy storage layer; 7. High absorption coating; 8. Thermochromic layer; 9. Structural connection layer; 10. Bimetallic strip drive component; 10-1. Metal layer one; 10-2. Metal layer two. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments described in this application without creative effort will fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used in the description of this application is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit this application; the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," etc., in the description, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are open-ended terms. Therefore, "comprising," "including," or "having" refers to, for example, a method or apparatus having one or more steps or elements, but is not limited to having only these one or more elements. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the description, claims, or accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order or hierarchy. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0025] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "attachment" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] It should be emphasized that when the term "comprising / including" is used in this specification, it is used to explicitly indicate the presence of the stated feature, integer, step, or component, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, parts, or groups of features, integers, steps, or parts.

[0027] In this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, in this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0028] like Figures 1-12 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a thermochromic-phase change energy storage coupled bifacial photovoltaic Transbryne wall structure, including an exterior wall 5 and structural connection layers 9 located at the upper and lower ends of the exterior wall 5. The exterior wall 5, facing the outside, is sequentially provided with a PCM energy storage layer 6, a high-absorption coating 7, and a thermochromic layer 8 from the inside out. A bifacial photovoltaic module 1 is provided on the exterior wall 5 facing the outside, and the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 is connected between the upper and lower structural connection layers 9 of the exterior wall 5. An airflow channel 3 is provided between the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 and the thermochromic layer 8. A ventilation component 1 2 is provided between the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 and the structural connection layer 9, and a ventilation component 2 4 is provided on the exterior wall 5. Both the ventilation component 1 2 and the ventilation component 2 4 are connected to the airflow channel 3, and both the ventilation component 1 2 and the ventilation component 2 4 can be opened or closed.

[0029] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the exterior wall 5 is preferably the wall facing south, and the exterior wall 5 can be the wall of a high-rise building or the wall of a low-rise bungalow. When it is the wall of a high-rise building, the structural connection layer 9 is the floor slab structure of each floor. When it is on the first floor, the lower structural connection layer 9 is the corresponding connection and fixing structure to the ground. When it is on the top floor, the upper structural connection layer 9 is the corresponding connection and fixing structure to the roof. When it is the wall of a low-rise bungalow, the structural connection layer 9 is the corresponding connection and fixing structure between the roof and the ground.

[0030] It should be understood that the building exterior wall 5 in this embodiment is the basic wall structure that separates the interior and exterior spaces.

[0031] It should be noted that the high-absorption coating 7 in this embodiment selects the coating material according to actual needs. For example, in cold regions, a material with a high absorptivity (such as 0.9-0.95) is selected, while in hot regions, where the main load is cooling, such as in southern regions, a high-reflectivity coating with an absorptivity of 0.1-0.2 is used, which increases the power generation on the back side and reduces the heat gain of the building. The specific material types are all existing technologies and will not be elaborated here.

[0032] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 is installed vertically between the two sets of structural connection layers 9 at the upper and lower ends. On the one hand, this can maintain the flatness of the wall appearance, and on the other hand, the vertical installation method can adapt to the installation requirements of most south-facing building exterior walls 5 without much modification to the main structure of the wall, thus making the installation more adaptable.

[0033] It should be noted that in this embodiment, "the ventilation component 1 2 and the ventilation component 2 4 can be opened or closed" means that the ventilation component 1 2 and the ventilation component 2 4 can be opened and closed in a controllable manner. When the ventilation component 1 2 and / or the ventilation component 2 4 are open, they can form different airflow circulation paths with the air flow channel 3 to realize heat exchange between indoor and outdoor environments, regulate indoor temperature, reduce the energy consumption of active heating or cooling in the building, and reduce carbon emissions during building operation.

[0034] The thermochromic-phase change energy storage coupled bifacial photovoltaic Transbryne wall provided in this embodiment can adjust the opening and closing states of ventilation component 1 2 and ventilation component 2 4 according to different climates and day / night operating conditions (temperature), combined with the functional characteristics of the structural layer itself (the bifacial photovoltaic panels adjust according to different solar radiation), to achieve different temperature control and power generation effects. Furthermore, compared with traditional Transbryne wall structures, the structure of this embodiment utilizes the spontaneous emission regulation characteristics of the thermochromic layer 8 (i.e., high reflection and low transmission under high temperature conditions, and high transmission and low reflection under low temperature conditions, where the specific trigger thresholds for high and low temperature conditions are specified). The thermochromic layer 8 can be adjusted according to the climate characteristics of the target area and the demand. Combined with the heat storage function of the PCM energy storage layer 6 (phase change energy storage layer) and the power generation capacity of the bifacial photovoltaic module 1, it forms an adaptive temperature control and energy storage system. In this system, the components (bifacial photovoltaic module 1, thermochromic layer 8, high absorption coating 7, PCM energy storage layer 6) work together to adapt to the heat demand of different climates and different times, which greatly improves the effect of passive temperature control of buildings. While ensuring indoor thermal comfort, it further reduces the energy consumption of building heating and cooling, and realizes the coupling and improvement of photovoltaic power generation and passive energy saving.

[0035] This embodiment produces better temperature control and power generation effects, especially under high radiation and high temperature conditions. Under high temperature conditions, there is no solar radiation, such as on a cloudy day in summer. In this case, there is very little direct radiation in the environment. The wall mainly exchanges heat with the surrounding environment through convection, and radiation heat exchange is a small part. At this time, even if the thermochromic layer 8 has high reflectivity, the reflected radiation is limited. The main function is to reduce or delay indoor heat gain through the PCM energy storage layer 6.

[0036] Specifically, regarding the visible light spectrum, the variation of thermochromic transmittance with temperature can be found in existing technical literature (Experimental study of bifacial photovoltaic wall system incorporating thermochromic material). Sai Xu, Chao Li, Wei He, Wenfeng Chu, Zhongting Hu, Bin Lu).

[0037] In this embodiment, by integrating multiple key components such as the bifacial photovoltaic module 1, airflow channel 3, thermochromic layer 8, high-absorption coating 7, PCM energy storage layer 6, and building exterior wall 5, a high degree of synergy and integration of multiple functions is achieved. Specifically, this synergistic system not only effectively utilizes solar energy for power generation, but also significantly improves overall energy utilization efficiency and building environmental control capabilities through the organic combination of multiple mechanisms such as heat collection, heat storage, heat dissipation, and insulation, thereby achieving energy conservation and environmental protection while meeting the building's own energy needs.

[0038] Preferably, such as Figure 1 As shown, the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 includes a photovoltaic power generation area 1-1 and a light transmission area 1-2; the photovoltaic power generation area 1-1 is used to convert incident solar radiation into electrical energy; the light transmission area 1-2 is used for solar radiation to pass through the air channel 3.

[0039] It should be noted that the photovoltaic power generation area 1-1 can be a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell strip arranged vertically at intervals, and the light-transmitting area 1-2 is located between adjacent photovoltaic cell strips to ensure that some solar radiation passes through the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 into the system. The front side of the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 is used for direct light reception and power generation, while the back side can receive reflected radiation from the thermochromic layer 8 and the wall surface, thereby improving the bifacial utilization capability.

[0040] In this embodiment, the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 faces direct sunlight, and its photovoltaic power generation area 1-1 generates and outputs electricity. Solar radiation not absorbed and utilized by the photovoltaic power generation area 1-1 can pass through the light transmission area 1-2 and enter the air flow channel 3, heating the air in the flow channel, the thermochromic layer 8, and the high absorption coating 7, thus realizing the cascade utilization of solar energy. Furthermore, the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 and the thermochromic layer 8 work together: when the outdoor temperature is high, the thermochromic layer 8 automatically switches to a high reflection and low transmission state, reflecting most of the solar radiation away, reducing the heat entering the wall and lowering the indoor cooling load; at the same time, the reflected solar radiation is absorbed by the back of the bifacial photovoltaic module 1, further improving its power generation efficiency and realizing the secondary utilization of solar energy, thereby effectively improving energy utilization efficiency and saving costs.

[0041] Preferably, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, the ventilation component 2 is provided in two sets, and the two sets of ventilation components 2 are respectively located between the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 and the upper structural connection layer 9 and between the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 and the lower structural connection layer 9; the ventilation component 2 includes a ventilation opening 2-1, and a baffle 2-2 is provided on the outside of the ventilation opening 2-1; the baffle 2-2 can be opened or closed.

[0042] In this embodiment, it should be noted that the upper and lower sets of ventilation openings 2-1 are respectively connected to the outdoor environment and the upper and lower ends of the air flow channel 3. By controlling the opening and closing of the ventilation openings 2-1 through the baffle 2-2, the connection state between the air flow channel 3 and the outside can be flexibly adjusted. With the help of the ventilation component 4, different airflow circulation modes can be formed to adapt to the needs of different seasons and different time periods.

[0043] Preferably, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the baffle 2-2 is a bimetallic strip drive 10; the bimetallic strip drive 10 is composed of a metal layer 10-1 and a metal layer 10-2; the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal layer 10-1 is less than that of the metal layer 10-2; when the temperature rises, the bimetallic strip drive 10 bends toward the metal layer 10-1 side, opening the vent 2-1.

[0044] In this embodiment, a bimetallic strip drive 10 composed of two metal layers with different coefficients of thermal expansion is used as a baffle 2-2 to block the ventilation opening 2-1. When the outdoor temperature changes, the thermal expansion rates of the metal layer 10-1 and the metal layer 10-2 are different (metal layer 10-1 is a metal layer with a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and metal layer 10-2 is a metal layer with a high coefficient of thermal expansion, wherein the expansion coefficient is determined manually according to the actual needs of the material selection). When the temperature rises, since the thermal expansion deformation of metal layer 10-2 is greater than that of metal layer 10-1, the bimetallic strip drive 10 bends towards the metal layer 10-1 side, opening the ventilation opening 2-1. When the temperature drops, the bimetallic strip drive 10 returns to its initial state, closing the ventilation opening 2-1.

[0045] Specifically, metal layer 10-1 can be made of 4J36 iron-nickel low expansion alloy or stainless steel, and metal layer 10-2 can be made of brass, copper alloy or other high thermal expansion metal materials.

[0046] In this embodiment, the bimetallic strip drive component 10 undergoes bending deformation, thereby automatically opening or closing the baffle 2-2. No additional electrical control device is required. It can adaptively adjust the opening and closing of the vent 2-1 according to temperature changes, reducing the system's dependence on active control and external power supply. The structure is simple, energy-saving and reliable.

[0047] Preferably, such as Figures 10-12 As shown, the ventilation assembly 2 further includes a ventilation frame 2-7 disposed on the ventilation opening 2-1 and guide rails 2-3 on both sides. A limit block 2-4 is disposed at the bottom of the guide rail 2-3, and a bidirectional memory metal spring 2-5 is disposed at the top of the limit block 2-4. A rack 2-6 is slidably disposed in the guide rail 2-3, and the bottom surface of the rack 2-6 is connected to the bidirectional memory metal spring 2-5. A transmission gear 2-8 is meshed with the rack 2-6, and a transmission shaft is connected between the two transmission gears 2-8. The transmission shaft passes through the ventilation frame 2-7 and is connected to a ventilation baffle 2-9. The ventilation baffle 2-9 is opened or closed by the bidirectional memory metal spring 2-5.

[0048] It should be noted that in this embodiment, a limit strip 2-10 is also provided on the ventilation frame 2-7 to limit the deflection position of the ventilation baffle 2-9 and avoid excessive deflection, which would affect the opening and closing state.

[0049] In this embodiment, by changing the structure of the ventilation component-2 that blocks the ventilation opening-2-1, the opening and closing of the ventilation component-2 becomes more stable. The bidirectional memory metal spring-5 utilizes its inherent characteristics (it recovers its high-temperature preset shape, i.e., elongates, and recovers its low-temperature preset shape, i.e., retracts, with the high-temperature and low-temperature preset shapes being the initial presets of the bidirectional memory metal spring-5) to convert vertical power into torque that deflects the baffle-2-2, thus achieving power transmission.

[0050] Specifically, when the ambient temperature rises to the preset high temperature threshold, the bidirectional memory metal spring 2-5 extends, causing the rack 2-6 to slide upward along the guide rail 2-3. The meshing transmission gear 2-8 then drives the transmission shaft to rotate, thereby driving the baffle 2-2 to rotate and open the vent 2-1, completing the automatic opening of the vent. When the ambient temperature drops to the preset low temperature threshold, the bidirectional memory metal spring 2-5 retracts, pulling the rack 2-6 to slide downward along the guide rail. This reverses the rotation of the transmission gear and transmission shaft, driving the baffle 2-2 to rotate in the opposite direction and close the vent 2-1. Similarly, it can adapt to temperature changes and complete the on / off adjustment without active control or external power supply, further improving the reliability and adaptability of the structure.

[0051] Preferably, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, the second ventilation component 4 is provided in two sets, and the two sets of the second ventilation component 4 are symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of the building exterior wall 5; the second ventilation component 4 includes a second ventilation opening 4-1 opened on the building exterior wall 5; a second baffle 4-2 is provided in the second ventilation opening 4-1; the second baffle 4-2 can be opened or closed.

[0052] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the upper and lower sets of ventilation openings 4-1 are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the indoor environment and the air flow channel 3. By controlling the opening and closing of the ventilation openings 4-1 through the baffle 4-2, the connection state between the air flow channel 3 and the indoor environment can be flexibly adjusted. Combined with the coordination with the ventilation component 2, different airflow circulation modes (internal and external double circulation, external single circulation, internal single circulation, and heat preservation) can be formed to meet the needs of different time periods.

[0053] In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the baffle 4-2 can be opened and closed manually, by spring reset (knob + spring, turning the knob opens the baffle 4-2, turning the knob again restores the baffle 4-2 to its original position), or by opening and closing in conjunction with the building ventilation system (for example, connecting the baffle 4-2 to the building smart home control module to automatically control the opening and closing based on the data from the indoor temperature sensor), so as to control whether the indoor air is connected to the air duct 3 according to the operating requirements.

[0054] Preferably, such as Figure 6As shown, the PCM energy storage layer 6 is provided in two sets, and the two sets of PCM energy storage layers 6 are arranged side by side (for example, the inner layer uses PCM18 and the outer layer uses PCM31; the actual combination can be set according to actual needs), distributed between the high absorption coating 7 and the building exterior wall 5.

[0055] It should be noted that the PCM energy storage layer 6 is preferably two layers, because if the PCM energy storage layer 6 is too thick, it will affect the impact of the external environment on the indoor temperature balance.

[0056] For the enthalpy-temperature relationship of phase change materials with different phase transition temperatures, please refer to existing technology (Numerical study of a novel bifacial photovoltaic wall combining thermochromic material and double-layer PCM). Bin Lu, Sai Xu, Wei He, Zhongting Hu, Tong Hu).

[0057] It should be noted that the PCM energy storage layer 6 is preferably arranged on the outer wall 5 near the outer heated area. It can be an independently installed phase change energy storage layer, or it can be an embedded, composite, or standardized phase change energy storage component. The phase change temperature of the PCM energy storage layer 6 can be selected according to the different temperature operation requirements of the target area, so that it absorbs excess heat when the temperature rises and releases heat when the temperature drops, thereby improving the thermal inertia and dynamic regulation capability of the building envelope.

[0058] In this embodiment, the two sets of parallel PCM energy storage layers 6 can be made of materials with different phase change temperatures, thus forming a phase change temperature difference. When facing different temperature environment changes, a phase change process (storing or releasing latent heat) is formed. On the one hand, this increases the operating temperature range of the PCM energy storage layer 6, and on the other hand, it expands the energy storage capacity of the PCM energy storage layer 6, further changing the heat flux peak, delaying heat transfer, and enhancing the heating continuity when the outdoor temperature is low.

[0059] Preferably, the PCM energy storage layer 6 may be one or more of microcapsule phase change materials, shaped phase change composite materials, plate-encapsulated phase change materials, or embedded phase change energy storage media.

[0060] The specific material in this embodiment is selected according to actual needs.

[0061] Preferably, such as Figure 1 and Figure 9 As shown, the thermochromic layer 8 can automatically change its transmittance and reflectance with temperature changes, and can exist in a high reflectance and low transmittance state and a high transmittance and low reflectance state.

[0062] In this embodiment, the thermochromic layer 8 can be thermochromic functional glass, a transparent substrate covered with a thermochromic film, or other transparent components whose optical properties can change with temperature. It is positioned on the side of the airflow channel 3 near the wall, so that solar radiation entering the system is first regulated by the thermochromic layer 8 before acting on the high-absorption coating 7 and the building exterior wall 5. Radiation regulation can be achieved without additional control, adapting to the adaptive temperature control requirements of the building exterior wall 5.

[0063] The high-absorption coating 7 is used to enhance the radiation absorption capacity of the light-receiving surface of the exterior wall.

[0064] Furthermore, the thermochromic layer 8 can automatically change its optical properties with temperature changes. Specifically, it can be selected according to the different temperature requirements of the target area. For example, it can be in a high-reflection and low-transmission state under high-temperature conditions in summer to reduce the proportion of solar radiation entering the wall; and in a high-transmission and low-reflection state under low-temperature conditions in winter to increase the proportion of solar radiation entering the wall.

[0065] Preferably, the thermochromic-phase change energy storage coupled bifacial photovoltaic Transbryne wall structure of the present invention operates in at least one of the following modes: External circulation single ventilation mode (outdoor temperature is higher than indoor temperature, such as in summer): like Figure 2 As shown, when the outdoor temperature reaches the high temperature of the thermochromic layer 8, the thermochromic layer 8 exhibits a high reflectivity and low transmittance state. Of the solar radiation entering the airflow channel 3 through the light-transmitting area 1-2, only a small portion passes through the thermochromic layer 8 to reach the high-absorption coating 7 and the building exterior wall 5. The remaining large proportion of the radiation is reflected back to the direction of the airflow channel 3 by the thermochromic layer 8. The aforementioned reflected radiation and the scattered radiation from the wall direction can be received again by the back side of the bifacial photovoltaic module 1, thereby improving the back side's ability to receive sunlight and generate electricity. At the same time, affected by solar radiation and component heat transfer, the bimetallic strip drive component 10 bends, opening the vent 1 2-1. The baffle 2 4-2 of the ventilation component 2 4 remains closed. The cooler outdoor air enters the airflow channel 3 through the lower outer vent 1 2-1. As it rises vertically, it carries away the heat accumulated on the back side of the bifacial photovoltaic module 1, the surface of the thermochromic layer 8, and inside the airflow channel 3, and is finally discharged through the upper vent 1 2-1. Because the radiative heat flux entering the wall is suppressed, and the airflow channel 3 forms a continuous heat dissipation mechanism, the PCM energy storage layer 6 mainly serves to weaken the peak residual heat flux and delay the transfer of heat to the deeper layers of the wall, thereby reducing heat exchange between the building's interior and exterior walls and lowering the indoor cooling load. Furthermore, the reflected radiation is reused on the back of the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 to generate electricity, improving the overall solar energy utilization efficiency, reducing energy waste caused by heat entering the interior, and achieving synergistic gains in temperature control and power generation.

[0066] Dual circulation mode (when a fresh air system is present indoors): like Figure 3 As shown, this mode differs from the external circulation single ventilation mode in that the baffle 4-2 in the ventilation component 4 is also open, allowing the airflow channel 3 to connect with both the outdoor and indoor sides simultaneously. This mode is suitable for buildings with mechanical fresh air or exhaust systems, where the indoor environment is relatively under positive pressure or can form directional exhaust. During operation, the bimetallic strip drive 10 remains open after being heated, allowing outdoor air to enter the airflow channel 3 through the lower vent 2-1; simultaneously, cooler return air, residual cold air, or air that needs to be exhausted from the indoor side enters the airflow channel 3 through the lower vent 4-1, absorbing the heat transmitted from the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 and the wall surface together with the rising airflow in the channel, and is then exhausted through the upper vent 2-1. This mode, on the one hand, enhances convective heat transfer in the airflow channel 3, further reducing the operating temperature of the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 and improving power generation efficiency; on the other hand, it utilizes the residual cooling capacity of indoor exhaust air or residual cold air to remove heat from the airflow channel 3, helping to reduce the heat intensity of the wall and the building's cooling load.

[0067] Internal circulation single ventilation mode (outdoor temperature is lower than indoor temperature, such as in winter): like Figure 4 As shown, when the outdoor temperature reaches the low temperature condition of the thermochromic layer 8, the thermochromic layer 8 exhibits a high transmission and low reflection state; and the bimetallic strip drive 10 is in an untriggered state, with baffle 1 2-2 remaining closed to block the direct connection between the airflow channel 3 and the outdoor environment; the indoor side baffle 2 4-2 is open, allowing the airflow channel 3 to connect only with the indoor space. At this time, solar radiation enters the system through the light-transmitting area 1-2 of the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 and the thermochromic layer 8, reaching the high-absorption coating 7, the PCM energy storage layer 6, and the heated side of the building exterior wall 5. Part of the solar energy is absorbed by the high-absorption coating 7 and converted into heat, heating the air in the airflow channel 3; another part of the heat is absorbed by the PCM energy storage layer 6 and stored as latent heat, simultaneously raising the temperature of the building exterior wall 5. The cooler indoor air enters the airflow channel 3 through the lower vent 2 4-1, rises vertically after being heated, and returns to the room through the upper vent 2 4-1, thus forming an internal circulation heating airflow. At the same time, the PCM energy storage layer 6 absorbs some solar heat when there is solar radiation, and gradually releases heat when the radiation weakens or the temperature drops, thereby extending the heating period of the building's exterior wall 5 to the interior and reducing the building's winter heating load.

[0068] Insulation mode (when outdoor temperatures are extremely low and it is necessary to reduce indoor heat loss): like Figure 5As shown, when the outdoor environment is cold and the airflow channel 3 is not required for sensible heat convection, both baffle 2-2 and baffle 4-2 remain closed, forming a closed, static air layer in the airflow channel 3 (similar to aerogel, which has poor thermal conductivity). At this time, the front side of the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 continues to receive solar radiation and generate electricity. Some solar radiation can still enter the system through the light-transmitting area 1-2 and the thermochromic layer 8, and be absorbed by the high-absorption coating 7, the PCM energy storage layer 6, and the building exterior wall 5. Because the airflow channel 3 is closed, air convection within it is significantly suppressed, thereby reducing unnecessary heat exchange to the outside or inside through the airflow channel 3, forming an additional insulation layer. In this mode, the PCM energy storage layer 6 stores the heat gained during the day and releases it to the building exterior wall 5 in subsequent periods, slowing down the wall temperature decay process and further reducing heat loss caused by the indoor-outdoor temperature difference, thus improving the system's winter insulation performance.

[0069] This invention overcomes the shortcomings of traditional Transylvanian walls, such as single function and low energy utilization, by coupling a thermochromic layer 8, a bifacial photovoltaic module 1, a PCM energy storage layer 6, and an adaptive ventilation structure (ventilation module 1 2 and ventilation module 2 4). It can not only generate electricity stably using solar energy, but also automatically regulate the building's heat gain and heat storage and release processes in different seasons and temperature conditions. It can achieve energy-saving temperature control without complex active control. The structure is simple and reliable, and it is suitable for the building energy-saving needs of different climate regions, and has good prospects for promotion and application.

[0070] This invention can also achieve different ventilation and heat regulation modes according to ambient temperature and building requirements throughout the year: in summer, it mainly uses heat reflection and ventilation to suppress heat, while in winter, it mainly uses heat transmission, internal circulation heating, and heat storage for insulation. The thermochromic layer 8 undertakes the front-end radiation modulation function, and the PCM energy storage layer 6 undertakes the back-end heat storage and release function. The two work together to achieve better seasonal adaptability under the condition of smaller wall thickness, thereby improving the adaptability of the structure to thin wall cladding and prefabricated buildings.

[0071] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but this description is merely a preferred embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims

1. A thermochromic-phase change energy storage coupled bifacial photovoltaic Translab wall structure, comprising an exterior wall (5) and structural connection layers (9) located at the upper and lower ends of the exterior wall (5), characterized in that, The building's exterior wall (5) is provided with a PCM energy storage layer (6), a high-absorption coating (7), and a thermochromic layer (8) from the inside out on the outdoor side. The building exterior wall (5) is provided with a double-sided photovoltaic module (1) facing the outside. The double-sided photovoltaic module (1) is connected between the upper and lower structural connection layers (9) of the building exterior wall (5). An air flow channel (3) is provided between the double-sided photovoltaic module (1) and the thermochromic layer (8). A ventilation component one (2) is provided between the bifacial photovoltaic module (1) and the structural connection layer (9), and a ventilation component two (4) is provided on the building exterior wall (5). Both the ventilation component one (2) and the ventilation component two (4) are connected to the airflow channel (3), and the ventilation component one (2) and the ventilation component two (4) can be opened or closed.

2. The bifacial photovoltaic Transbryne wall structure with thermochromic-phase change energy storage coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bifacial photovoltaic module (1) includes a photovoltaic power generation area (1-1) and a light transmission area (1-2). The photovoltaic power generation area (1-1) is used to convert incident solar radiation into electrical energy; The light-transmitting area (1-2) is used for solar radiation to penetrate into the airflow channel (3).

3. The bifacial photovoltaic Transbryne wall structure with thermochromic-phase change energy storage coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilation component 1 (2) is provided in two sets, and the two sets of ventilation components 1 (2) are respectively located between the bifacial photovoltaic module (1) and the upper structural connection layer (9) and between the bifacial photovoltaic module (1) and the lower structural connection layer (9); The ventilation component 1 (2) includes a ventilation opening 1 (2-1), and a baffle 1 (2-2) is provided on the outside of the ventilation opening 1 (2-1). The baffle (2-2) can be opened or closed.

4. The bifacial photovoltaic Transbryne wall structure with thermochromic-phase change energy storage coupling according to claim 3, characterized in that, The baffle (2-2) is a bimetallic strip drive (10). The bimetallic drive unit (10) is composed of a first metal layer (10-1) and a second metal layer (10-2); the coefficient of thermal expansion of the first metal layer (10-1) is smaller than that of the second metal layer (10-2); When the temperature rises, the bimetallic strip drive (10) bends toward the metal layer (10-1) side and opens the vent (2-1).

5. The bifacial photovoltaic Transbryne wall structure with thermochromic-phase change energy storage coupling according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ventilation component 1 (2) further includes a ventilation frame (2-7) and guide rails (2-3) on both sides of the ventilation opening 1 (2-1). The bottom of the guide rail (2-3) is provided with a limit block (2-4), and the top of the limit block (2-4) is provided with a bidirectional memory metal spring (2-5). A rack (2-6) is slidably disposed in the guide rail (2-3), and the bottom surface of the rack (2-6) is connected to the bidirectional memory metal spring (2-5); The rack (2-6) meshes with a transmission gear (2-8), and a transmission shaft is connected between the two transmission gears (2-8). The transmission shaft passes through the ventilation frame (2-7) and is connected to a ventilation baffle (2-9). The ventilation baffle (2-9) is opened or closed by the bidirectional memory metal spring (2-5).

6. The bifacial photovoltaic Transbryne wall structure with thermochromic-phase change energy storage coupling according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ventilation component 2 (4) is provided in two sets, and the two sets of ventilation component 2 (4) are symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of the building exterior wall (5); The second ventilation component (4) includes a second ventilation opening (4-1) opened on the exterior wall (5) of the building. A baffle plate (4-2) is provided in the second ventilation opening (4-1); The second baffle (4-2) can be opened or closed.

7. A bifacial photovoltaic Transbryne wall structure coupled with thermochromic-phase change energy storage according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The PCM energy storage layer (6) is provided in two sets, and the two sets of PCM energy storage layers (6) are arranged side by side and distributed between the high absorption coating (7) and the building exterior wall (5).

8. A bifacial photovoltaic Transbryne wall structure coupled with thermochromic-phase change energy storage according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The PCM energy storage layer (6) may be one or more of the following: microcapsule phase change material, shaped phase change composite material, plate-encapsulated phase change material, or embedded phase change energy storage medium.

9. A bifacial photovoltaic Transbryne wall structure coupled with thermochromic-phase change energy storage according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The thermochromic layer (8) can automatically change its transmittance and reflectance with temperature changes, and can exist in a high reflectance and low transmittance state and a high transmittance and low reflectance state.

10. A bifacial photovoltaic Transbryne wall structure coupled with thermochromic-phase change energy storage according to claim 6, characterized in that, When working, it should include at least one of the following operating modes: External circulation single ventilation mode: the two sets of baffles one (2-2) are open, and the two sets of baffles two (4-2) are closed; Internal and external dual circulation mode: both sets of baffle one (2-2) and both sets of baffle two (4-2) are open; Internal circulation single ventilation mode: the two sets of baffles one (2-2) are closed, and the two sets of baffles two (4-2) are open; Insulation mode: The two sets of baffle one (2-2) and the two sets of baffle two (4-2) are closed.

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