Shaft lower bend section shaping and pouring system

Abstract

This invention relates to a shaped casting system for a curved section of a vertical shaft. The curved section includes a curved chamber, and the system includes a shaped template mechanism, a shaped support ring mechanism, and a longitudinal beam mechanism. The shaped template mechanism includes a first template group, the first template being annular in shape, with its outer wall surface fitting against the surface of the curved chamber. The shaped support ring mechanism includes a first support ring group, with multiple first support rings abutting against the side of the first template away from the surface of the curved chamber. The longitudinal beam mechanism includes a first longitudinal beam group, with multiple first longitudinal beams abutting against the side of the first support rings away from the surface of the curved chamber. This shaped casting system for a curved section of a vertical shaft significantly reduces labor input; it also reduces management costs associated with multi-trade cross-operations; it greatly shortens the construction period and significantly accelerates construction progress; it significantly reduces construction safety risks and improves the safety management level of critical engineering projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering technology, and in particular to a system for shaping and casting the lower bend section of a vertical shaft. Background Technology

[0002] The tailrace surge tank of a pumped storage power station is a key structure connecting the tailrace surge tank and the tailrace tunnel. Its cross-section often includes horseshoe-shaped variable cross-sections, circular cross-sections, and spatial curved surface structures in the downward bend section, requiring high precision in lining construction and high structural stability. The lining construction of the downward bend section of the underground cavern in the Wuhai pumped storage power station mainly adopts the traditional construction process of "scaffolding support + wooden / steel formwork assembly." However, this traditional process involves high on-site labor input, low construction efficiency, and reliance on on-site openings, making it difficult to accurately control the lining quality. As the scale of pumped storage power station construction expands and the construction period requirements for underground caverns tighten, the shortcomings in labor input, construction efficiency, lining quality, and safety management become increasingly prominent. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a vertical shaft lower bend section shaping and casting system with low labor input and high construction efficiency.

[0004] A shaping and casting system for the lower bend section of a vertical shaft, the lower bend section of the vertical shaft including a bend chamber, the system comprising:

[0005] The template mechanism includes a first template group, which includes multiple first templates arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the curved cavity; the first templates are in the shape of a ring, and the outer wall of the first template is in contact with the surface of the curved cavity;

[0006] The shaping support ring mechanism includes a first support ring group, which includes multiple first support rings. The multiple first support rings are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the curved cavity, and the multiple first support rings abut against the side of the first template away from the surface of the curved cavity.

[0007] The longitudinal beam mechanism includes a first longitudinal beam group, which includes multiple first longitudinal beams. The multiple first longitudinal beams are arranged along the axial direction of the curved tunnel, and the multiple longitudinal beams are arranged at intervals around the axial direction of the tunnel. The multiple first longitudinal beams abut against the side of the first support ring away from the surface of the curved tunnel.

[0008] In one embodiment, a plurality of first longitudinal beams are arranged at uniform intervals around the axial direction of the curved cavity.

[0009] In one embodiment, on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the curved cavity, the template has a first point that is closest to the center of the bend of the curved cavity axis and a second point that is farthest from the center of the bend of the curved cavity axis; from the first point to the second point, the dimension of the first template gradually increases along the axis of the curved cavity.

[0010] In one embodiment, the first template includes multiple modules, the module located at the top of the first template is defined as the first module, the two sides of the first module in the circumferential direction are demolding surfaces, the slope of the two sides of the other modules in the circumferential direction is different from the slope of the demolding surfaces, and the first module is provided with a pumping interface.

[0011] In one embodiment, a support component is provided at intervals within the first support ring. The support component includes multiple connecting rods symmetrically arranged along the center of the first support ring, with both ends of the connecting rods connected to the first support ring.

[0012] In one embodiment, there are six connecting rods, and the central angles formed by the lines connecting the two ends of the six connecting rods to the center of the first support ring are all the same; or,

[0013] There are ten connecting rods, and the ten connecting rods are centrally symmetrical about the center of the support ring.

[0014] In one embodiment, the lower bend of the shaft also includes a straight tunnel chamber;

[0015] The template mechanism also includes a second template group, which includes multiple second templates arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the straight tunnel. The second templates are in the shape of a ring, and the outer wall of the second template is in contact with the surface of the straight tunnel.

[0016] The shaping support ring mechanism also includes a second support ring group, which includes multiple second support rings. The multiple second support rings are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the straight tunnel, and the multiple second support rings abut against the side of the second template away from the surface of the straight tunnel.

[0017] The longitudinal beam mechanism also includes a second longitudinal beam group, which includes multiple second longitudinal beams. The multiple second longitudinal beams are arranged along the axial direction of the straight tunnel, and the multiple longitudinal beams are arranged at intervals around the axial direction of the tunnel. The multiple second longitudinal beams abut against the side of the second support ring away from the surface of the straight tunnel.

[0018] In one embodiment, a first connector is provided on the first support ring, and the first connector is fixedly connected to the first longitudinal beam.

[0019] In one embodiment, a second connector is provided on the first template, and the second connector is fixedly connected to the first support ring.

[0020] In one embodiment, a third connector is provided between two adjacent first templates, and the third connector is fixedly connected to the two adjacent first templates respectively.

[0021] The aforementioned vertical shaft downward bend section shaped casting system eliminates the need for full-section, full-span support scaffolding, significantly reducing the need for scaffolders and general laborers. Furthermore, the modular structures of the longitudinal beam mechanism, shaped support ring mechanism, and shaped formwork mechanism can all be prefabricated, eliminating the need for on-site cutting and assembly, greatly reducing the need for formwork workers and carpenters, lowering the cost per unit, and reducing the management costs associated with multiple trades operating simultaneously. The combined installation of the longitudinal beams, support rings, and formwork modules of the single-unit vertical shaft downward bend section shaped casting system of this application can be completed in a short time, compared to the traditional process which requires sequential scaffolding erection. The system involves multiple independent processes, including design, formwork assembly, pouring, and dismantling, which significantly shortens the construction period and greatly accelerates the construction progress. At the same time, the system is easy to dismantle and can be directly reused in similar caverns without secondary processing, further improving the overall construction efficiency and meeting the tight schedule requirements of pumped storage power stations. In addition, by replacing the high-risk full-span scaffolding with a prefabricated longitudinal beam-support ring system, deformation or formwork bursting is less likely to occur during pouring, and workers mainly work in the internal passages of the system, which significantly reduces construction safety risks and improves the safety management level of critical projects. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a vertical shaft lower bend section shaping and casting system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first template according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 2a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a support component according to an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a support component according to another embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of a shaft lower bend section shaping and casting system according to another embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure label:

[0029] 10. First template; 110. First module; 120. Demolding surface; 130. Pumping interface; 20. First support ring; 210. Connecting rod; 30. First longitudinal beam; 40. Second template; 50. Second support ring; 60. Second longitudinal beam. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0032] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0033] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0035] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0036] The lining construction of the lower bend section of the underground cavern at the bottom connecting tunnel of the pumped storage power station mainly adopts the traditional construction technique of "full-span disc-lock scaffolding support + wooden / steel formwork assembly". However, the traditional technique requires the erection of a full-section full-span support scaffold, which requires a large number of certified scaffolders and general laborers to complete the scaffolding erection and dismantling. At the same time, the on-site cutting and assembly of loose formwork requires a large number of formwork workers and carpenters. The peak labor input for a single compartment exceeds 30 people, resulting in high labor costs and difficulty in managing multiple trades working simultaneously. In addition, the traditional technique results in poor concrete forming quality and frequent quality defects: the traditional technique requires drilling holes in the formwork panels on-site, which damages the integrity and sealing of the formwork. During the pouring process, grout leakage and formwork displacement at the holes are very likely to occur, resulting in defects such as honeycomb, pitting, and misalignment on the concrete surface. At the same time, the joint precision of the on-site assembled formwork is low, the curved line deviates greatly from the design, and the lining dimensional accuracy is difficult to meet the design requirements. A large amount of manpower is needed later to repair the defects. Traditional methods require multiple independent processes, including scaffolding erection, formwork assembly, hole drilling, pouring, formwork removal, and scaffolding dismantling. Furthermore, scaffolding erection and dismantling, as well as formwork assembly, are all high-altitude, open-air operations, which cannot meet the tight schedule requirements of pumped-storage power stations. In addition, parameters for full-span scaffolding erection are prone to deviation, increasing the risk of scaffolding instability and collapse. Simultaneously, scaffolding erection and dismantling, as well as formwork installation, are all high-altitude operations with numerous work surfaces and edge protection points, resulting in a high risk of falls from heights and falling objects. During pouring, the formwork support system experiences dispersed stress, making it prone to localized deformation and formwork bursting. Bulk formwork has a high wastage rate after on-site cutting and cannot be reused for other similar cavern construction projects. Full-span scaffolding steel pipes and fasteners require multiple transfers, resulting in high wastage rates, and parts are easily lost during installation and dismantling, further increasing construction material costs.

[0037] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a vertical shaft lower bend section shaping and casting system with low labor input and high construction efficiency to solve the above problems.

[0038] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a shaping and casting system for the lower curved section of a vertical shaft. The lower curved section of the vertical shaft includes a curved chamber, and the system includes a shaping template mechanism, a shaping support ring mechanism, and a longitudinal beam mechanism.

[0039] The template mechanism, support ring mechanism, and longitudinal beam mechanism are sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside of the tunnel. In the curved section of the lower shaft, the template mechanism serves as the main body for lining formation, fitting and fixing itself to the surface of the curved tunnel. The template mechanism includes 10 sets of first templates arranged along the axis of the curved tunnel to completely cover the entire lining surface of the lower curved section. Each set of 10 first templates consists of multiple first templates 10. The curved section of the tunnel can be designed and divided into multiple standard curved sections. One first template 10 is set for each standard curved section. The first template 10 is a circular arc plate that matches the designed cross-section of the curved tunnel. The curvature of its outer wall (i.e., the casting surface) matches the designed curved surface of the curved tunnel 1:1. By fitting the arc with a broken line, the maximum error with the theoretical profile can be controlled within 9mm, thus ensuring high precision in lining formation. After installation, the outer walls of all the first templates 10 together form a continuous and smooth spatial curved surface that fits the contour of the rock wall surface of the curved tunnel to be cast. Multiple first templates 10 are detachably connected to ensure connection strength.

[0040] The shaped support ring mechanism is located outside the shaped template mechanism. This mechanism serves as the circumferential load-bearing and force-transmitting body and includes 20 sets of first support rings. Each set of 20 first support rings comprises multiple first support rings 20, arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the curved section. For example, the arrangement can be matched to the first template 10 sets, with one ring spaced every other template. For instance, for a turning section with 16 first templates 10, a total of 8 first support rings 20 would be provided.

[0041] The inner / outer ring diameters of the multiple first support rings 20 match the cross-sectional diameter of the first template 10 at that location in the curved cavity. In the installed state, the outer side of the first support ring 20 (i.e., the side closest to the cavity wall) abuts against the inner side of the first template 10 (i.e., the side furthest from the curved cavity surface), thus providing full-circumferential support and constraint for the entire molded template mechanism from the inside. No permanent connection is provided between the first support rings 20 and the first template 10; instead, they are temporarily fixed during installation using on-site tooling for easy subsequent demolding and removal.

[0042] The longitudinal beam system is the main longitudinal load-bearing component of the entire system. The longitudinal beam mechanism includes 30 sets of first longitudinal beams, each set comprising multiple first longitudinal beams 30. These multiple first longitudinal beams 30 are arranged along the axial direction of the curved tunnel, and spaced apart around the axial direction of the tunnel, and can be positioned at key stress locations within the tunnel. The multiple first longitudinal beams 30 abut against the side of the first support ring 20 away from the surface of the curved tunnel. The first longitudinal beams 30 and the first support ring 20 are reliably connected, thereby linking multiple dispersed support rings into a stable spatial skeleton. For example, the two ends of the first longitudinal beams 30 can be supported on the tunnel rock wall and the completed lining concrete surface, respectively. Specifically, the lower end of the longitudinal beam located outside the curved tunnel is supported on the rock wall, while the upper end is anchored to the rock wall via anchor bolts or other components, forming a stable support and force transmission system.

[0043] After all components of the three main mechanisms—the prefabrication mechanism, the prefabricated support ring mechanism, and the longitudinal beam mechanism—are prefabricated in the factory, they are transported to the site for assembly. The system can be hoisted and transferred as a whole to the next work surface for reuse.

[0044] The aforementioned vertical shaft lower bend section precast system, including the precast template mechanism, precast support ring mechanism, and longitudinal beam mechanism, is all prefabricated in the factory in a standardized manner. On-site construction is only a "building block" style connection operation, which replaces the complex and high-intensity work of multiple trades, such as steel pipe scaffolding erection, template component measurement, cutting and nailing, which is required on-site in the traditional process. This directly reduces the input of a large amount of labor such as scaffolders, template workers, and carpenters, and transforms the uncontrollable on-site component construction into controllable modular installation, which significantly shortens the construction cycle of a single compartment and greatly improves construction efficiency.

[0045] The first longitudinal beam 30 and the first support ring 20 form a rigid integral spatial skeleton, providing uniform and stable support for the outer first formwork 10. The factory-prefabricated formwork curvature perfectly matches the design, and the joint precision is high, effectively solving the problems of "formwork running" and "deformation" caused by uneven stress at support points and insufficient formwork rigidity in traditional wooden formwork + scaffolding support systems, as well as the problem of "grout leakage" caused by loose joints and openings that damage the seal on site. The dimensional accuracy of the lining concrete can reach within ±2mm, ensuring the alignment. The concrete is poured densely, and the surface is smooth and flat after demolding, without common quality defects such as honeycomb, pitting, and misalignment, significantly improving the structural and appearance quality, and basically eliminating the need for later repairs.

[0046] The robust steel longitudinal beams and support ring system completely replaced the towering, multi-node "full-span scaffolding" to address the significant safety risks of scaffolding instability and collapse. Workers primarily operate within the pre-installed system or on stable platforms, significantly reducing the amount of work at height and exposed work areas near edges. The steel prefabricated formwork and support system are high-strength and durable, allowing for complete dismantling and reuse in the next similar opening, greatly reducing the risks of falls from heights, falling objects, and scaffold collapses. Simultaneously, it significantly improves material utilization, reducing the substantial losses, damage, and secondary processing costs of timber and steel pipe fittings found in traditional methods, thus lowering the overall construction cost throughout the project lifecycle.

[0047] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, multiple first longitudinal beams 30 are evenly spaced around the axis of the curved tunnel.

[0048] For example, the first longitudinal beam 30 can be made of steel and arranged along the tunnel axis. Four first longitudinal beams 30 are respectively set at the bottom, top, and side waistlines of the curved tunnel. The two ends of the longitudinal beams are supported by the tunnel rock wall and the already lined concrete pouring surface, respectively. The uniform circumferential distribution allows the longitudinal beam system to provide uniform and stable support and constraint to the inner fixed support ring mechanism from multiple directions.

[0049] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the curved tunnel, the template has a first point that is closest to the center of the bend of the curved tunnel axis and a second point that is farthest from the center of the bend of the curved tunnel axis; from the first point to the second point, the dimension of the first template 10 gradually increases along the axis of the curved tunnel.

[0050] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 The bending center refers to the center of the arc corresponding to the cross-section of the curved cavity. On a plane perpendicular to the axis of the curved cavity, the first template 10 is sized to match the arc region, and its length gradually increases from the bending center outwards. For example, the innermost length of the first template 10 is 273.8 mm, and the outermost length is 707.56 mm.

[0051] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 2a As shown, the first template 10 includes multiple modules. The module located at the top of the first template 110 is defined as the first module 110. The two sides of the first module 110 in the circumferential direction are demolding surfaces 120. The slope of the two sides of the other modules in the circumferential direction is different from the slope of the demolding surfaces 120. The first module is provided with a pumping interface 130.

[0052] For example, the first template 10 includes a specially designed first module 110. The first module 110 may be located on top of the first template 10, and the side of the first module 110 is designed with a specific demolding slope. During demolding, this slope design allows the module to be separated from the solidified concrete surface and adjacent templates first and more easily along the slope direction, thereby achieving priority demolding, solving the difficulty of demolding large areas of templates simultaneously, creating initial space for the removal of other templates subsequently, and significantly reducing the difficulty and risk of the overall demolding operation.

[0053] A standard pumping port 130 is pre-installed on the panel of the first module 110. The pumping port 130 is manufactured and reinforced in the factory prefabrication stage and is used to quickly connect the pipeline of the concrete delivery pump during pouring.

[0054] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, support components are provided at intervals inside the first support ring 20. The support components include multiple connecting rods 210 symmetrically arranged along the center of the first support ring 20, and both ends of the connecting rods 210 are connected to the first support ring 20.

[0055] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, there are six connecting rods 210, and the central angles formed by the lines connecting the two ends of the six connecting rods 210 to the center of the first support ring 20 are all the same.

[0056] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, there are ten connecting rods 210, and the ten connecting rods 210 are centrally symmetrical about the center of the support ring.

[0057] For example, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 Two types of connecting rod 210 structures are presented, allowing selection of different structures based on support requirements. In tunnel engineering, if over-excavation is significant, a larger number of connecting rods 210 can be used for auxiliary support. The connecting rods 210 are positioned inside the first support ring 20, with both ends fixedly connected (e.g., bolted) to the inner circumferential wall of the first support ring 20, thus forming a star-shaped or spoke-shaped rigid internal support frame within the support ring. The connecting rods 210 are symmetrically arranged along the center of the first support ring 20 to ensure that the pressure from concrete pouring is evenly transmitted to the support ring through the formwork, and then evenly and efficiently transmitted and distributed to the entire circumferential wall of the support ring through these connecting rods 210. This prevents the support ring from undergoing elliptical deformation or local buckling under pressure, greatly enhancing the overall stiffness and load-bearing capacity of the support ring as the main circumferential load-bearing component.

[0058] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 5As shown, the lower bend of the shaft also includes a straight tunnel.

[0059] The template mechanism also includes a set of second templates 40, which includes multiple second templates 40 arranged sequentially along the axis of the straight tunnel. The second templates 40 are in the shape of a ring, and the outer wall of the second templates 40 is in contact with the surface of the straight tunnel.

[0060] The shaping support ring mechanism also includes a second support ring group 50, which includes multiple second support rings 50. The multiple second support rings 50 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the straight tunnel, and the multiple second support rings 50 abut against the side of the second template 40 away from the surface of the straight tunnel.

[0061] The longitudinal beam mechanism also includes a second longitudinal beam group 60, which includes multiple second longitudinal beams 60. The multiple second longitudinal beams 60 are arranged along the axial direction of the straight tunnel, and the multiple longitudinal beams are arranged at intervals around the axial direction of the tunnel. The multiple second longitudinal beams 60 abut against the side of the second support ring 50 away from the surface of the straight tunnel.

[0062] Specifically, the lower bend of the shaft also includes a straight chamber connected to the bend chamber, i.e., the straight section of the tailrace tunnel. The standardized casting system is correspondingly extended to cover the lining construction of this straight section, forming a continuous construction system together with the bend chamber system. The standardized formwork mechanism also includes 40 sets of second formwork for the straight chamber. These second formwork sets consist of multiple second formworks 40 arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the straight chamber to cover the entire lining surface of the straight section.

[0063] For example, the entire straight section can be designed with seven second templates 40, each ring also divided into 18 pieces. The second template 40 is circular, with its outer wall surface fitting against the rock wall surface of the straight tunnel, and its curvature strictly matching the circular cross-section design of the straight section. Similar to the first template 10, the second template 40 at the top of each ring is also designed as a priority demolding structure, and is equipped with a material inlet, vibration window, and pumping interface. All templates are fixedly connected to each other to achieve rapid assembly.

[0064] The fixed support ring mechanism also includes a set of second support rings 50 for the straight-through chamber. Each set of second support rings 50 comprises multiple second support rings 50, spaced apart along the axial direction of the straight-through chamber. One second support ring is placed every other ring, resulting in a total of five second support rings 50 along the straight sections of the seven second templates 40. In the installed state, the inner sides of the multiple second support rings 50 abut against the inner side of the second template 40 (i.e., the side furthest from the surface of the straight-through chamber), providing circumferential support to the set of second templates 40 from the inside. There is no permanent connection between the second support rings 50 and the second templates 40; they are fixed on-site during installation to facilitate subsequent demolding.

[0065] The longitudinal beam mechanism also includes a set of second longitudinal beams 60 for the straight tunnel. The set of second longitudinal beams 60 comprises multiple second longitudinal beams 60 arranged along the axial direction of the straight tunnel. For example, four second longitudinal beams 60 can be evenly arranged circumferentially around the straight tunnel. The inner sides of these four longitudinal beams are bolted to the inner sides of five second support rings 50, thereby connecting all support rings into a single load-bearing frame. One end of each second longitudinal beam 60 is supported on the rock wall at the end of the straight tunnel, and the other end can be supported on the already poured concrete lining surface of the curved tunnel, thus achieving a smooth connection and load transfer with the curved tunnel system structure.

[0066] In an exemplary embodiment, a first connector is provided on the first support ring 20, and the first connector is fixedly connected to the first longitudinal beam 30.

[0067] In one exemplary embodiment, a second connector is provided on the first template 10, and the second connector is fixedly connected to the first support ring 20.

[0068] In an exemplary embodiment, a third connector is provided between two adjacent first templates 10, and the third connector is fixedly connected to the two adjacent first templates 10 respectively.

[0069] For example, the first connector can be a high-strength bolt or other anchoring structure. The first support ring 20 and the first longitudinal beam 30 are fixedly connected by the first connector. The second connector can be a detachable fastener, such as a bolt, pin, or special clamp, and the first template 10 and the first support ring 20 are fixedly connected by the second connector. The third connector can be a bolt, and two adjacent first templates 10 are fixedly connected by bolts. The above-mentioned first, second, and third connectors, using detachable mechanical connection methods such as bolts, realize the rapid assembly, overall stress distribution, and efficient turnover of the vertical shaft lower bend section shaping and casting system.

[0070] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0071] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A vertical shaft lower bend section shaping and casting system, characterized in that, The lower bend of the shaft includes a bend chamber, and the system includes: A template mechanism includes a first template group, which includes multiple first templates arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the curved cavity; the first templates are annular in shape, and the outer wall of the first templates is in contact with the surface of the curved cavity; The shaping support ring mechanism includes a first support ring group, which includes a plurality of first support rings. The plurality of first support rings are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the curved cavity, and the plurality of first support rings abut against the side of the first template away from the surface of the curved cavity. The longitudinal beam mechanism includes a first longitudinal beam group, which includes a plurality of first longitudinal beams. The plurality of first longitudinal beams are arranged along the axial direction of the curved cavity and are spaced apart around the axial direction of the cavity. The plurality of first longitudinal beams abut against the side of the first support ring away from the surface of the curved cavity.

2. The vertical shaft lower bend section shaping and casting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of first longitudinal beams are evenly spaced around the axis of the curved cavity.

3. The vertical shaft lower bend section shaping and casting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, On a plane perpendicular to the axis of the curved cavity, the template has a first point that is closest to the center of the bend of the curved cavity axis and a second point that is farthest from the center of the bend of the curved cavity axis; from the first point to the second point, the dimension of the first template gradually increases along the axis of the curved cavity.

4. The vertical shaft lower bend section shaping and casting system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first template includes multiple modules. The module located at the top of the first template is defined as the first module. The two sides of the first module in the circumferential direction are demolding surfaces. The slope of the two sides of the other modules in the circumferential direction is different from the slope of the demolding surfaces. The first module is provided with a pumping interface.

5. The vertical shaft lower bend section shaping and casting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first support ring is provided with support components at intervals. The support components include multiple connecting rods symmetrically arranged around the center of the first support ring, and both ends of the connecting rods are connected to the first support ring.

6. The vertical shaft lower bend section shaping and casting system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The connecting rods consist of six rods, and the central angles formed by the lines connecting the two ends of each of the six connecting rods to the center of the first support ring are all the same; or, There are ten connecting rods, and the ten connecting rods are centrally symmetrical about the center of the support ring.

7. The vertical shaft lower bend section shaping and casting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower curved section of the vertical shaft also includes a straight tunnel chamber; The template mechanism also includes a second template group, which includes multiple second templates arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the straight cavity; the second templates are annular in shape, and the outer wall of the second templates is in contact with the surface of the straight cavity; The shaping support ring mechanism further includes a second support ring group, which includes a plurality of second support rings. The plurality of second support rings are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the straight cavity, and the plurality of second support rings abut against the side of the second template away from the surface of the straight cavity. The longitudinal beam mechanism further includes a second longitudinal beam group, which includes multiple second longitudinal beams. The multiple second longitudinal beams are arranged along the axial direction of the straight tunnel, and are spaced apart around the axial direction of the tunnel. The multiple second longitudinal beams abut against the side of the second support ring away from the surface of the straight tunnel.

8. The vertical shaft lower bend section shaping and casting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first support ring is provided with a first connector, which is fixedly connected to the first longitudinal beam.

9. The vertical shaft lower bend section shaping and casting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first template is provided with a second connector, which is fixedly connected to the first support ring.

10. The vertical shaft lower bend section shaping and casting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A third connector is provided between two adjacent first templates, and the third connector is fixedly connected to the two adjacent first templates respectively.

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