A model verification system and method for catalytic removal of tar naphthalene of biomass for co-combustion

Abstract

This invention discloses a model verification system and method for catalytic removal of naphthalene from biomass tar during co-firing, relating to the field of coupled co-firing technology in thermal power plants. The system includes a feedstock supply unit, a reaction simulation unit, a product separation and detection unit, a parameter control unit, and a data processing unit. The feedstock supply unit precisely delivers biomass feedstock, catalyst, and carrier gas; the reaction simulation unit employs a three-stage heating structure and a detachable catalytic bed to simulate operating conditions under different reaction temperatures and catalyst types; the product separation and detection unit acquires key data such as tar yield, naphthalene content, and catalyst coking characteristics through multi-stage separation and precise detection; the parameter control unit automatically adjusts and stabilizes experimental parameters; and the data processing unit performs comparative analysis of experimental data and numerical simulation results. This invention also provides a corresponding model verification method, which achieves systematic verification of the catalytic removal model through steps such as setting operating conditions, data acquisition, simulation modeling, and comparative verification. This invention can simulate multi-variable coupled operating conditions, achieve precise multi-dimensional data acquisition and in-depth comparative analysis, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of model verification, and is suitable for laboratory research and engineering technology verification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of thermal power plant co-firing technology, and relates to a model verification system and method for the catalytic removal of tar naphthalene from biomass used in co-firing. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, co-firing biomass into coal-fired power plants has become an important approach to low-carbon energy utilization. However, biomass generates a large amount of tar during pyrolysis or gasification. Naphthalene, as a major model compound in tar, has high viscosity and is prone to condensation, which not only easily causes adhesion and corrosion on boiler heating surfaces but also pollutes the environment after its emission. To address this issue, researchers in related fields have developed various models for the catalytic removal of naphthalene from biomass char tar. These models are used to simulate the catalytic removal process and optimize process parameters to guide engineering practice.

[0003] However, current validation of catalytic removal models lacks a comprehensive and systematic experimental setup and methodology. Existing experimental studies mostly focus on removal efficiency testing under single operating conditions, such as examining the conversion rate of naphthalene at a fixed temperature or under specific catalyst conditions. This fails to cover the actual operating scenarios in biomass co-firing processes, where multiple variables are coupled, including different feedstock types, catalyst types, reaction temperatures, and atmospheric conditions. Furthermore, existing validation methods are not comprehensive enough in comparing experimental data with numerical simulation results. They often only focus on comparing the final removal efficiency, failing to accurately verify the accuracy of key physicochemical parameters such as catalytic kinetics parameters and mass transfer coefficients in the model. This limitation in validation leads to significant discrepancies between model predictions and actual operating conditions, hindering the engineering application and promotion of catalytic removal technology to some extent.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a model verification system and method that can simulate multiple working conditions, accurately collect multi-dimensional data, and achieve in-depth comparison between experiments and simulations, so as to provide reliable data support and technical guarantee for the optimization of catalytic removal models. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to address the lack of comprehensive and accurate verification methods for existing biomass catalytic removal of naphthalene tar models, and provides a model verification system and method for biomass co-firing catalytic removal of naphthalene tar, enabling systematic verification of catalytic removal models under different operating conditions.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A model validation system for catalytic removal of tar naphthalene from co-combusted biomass includes: The raw material supply unit is used to quantitatively supply biomass raw materials, catalysts and carrier gas to the reaction simulation unit according to preset operating conditions; The reaction simulation unit, whose inlet is connected to the outlet of the raw material supply unit, is used to simulate the catalytic removal environment of tar naphthalene during biomass co-firing and to collect reaction process parameters in real time. The product separation and detection unit, whose inlet is connected to the outlet of the reaction simulation unit, is used to perform multi-stage separation of the reaction products and detect and acquire key data for model verification. The key data includes at least tar yield, naphthalene and its derivative content, and catalyst coking characteristics. The parameter control unit is electrically connected to the raw material supply unit, the reaction simulation unit, and the product separation and detection unit, respectively, and is used to automatically adjust and control the operating parameters of each unit according to the preset working conditions. The data processing unit is communicatively connected to the product separation and detection unit and the parameter control unit. It is used to receive and store the key data, and compare and analyze the key data with the simulation results output based on the same operating conditions to verify the accuracy of the catalytic removal model.

[0007] Preferably, the raw material supply unit includes: The biomass feeding device has its outlet connected to the inlet of the reaction simulation unit via a feeding pipe; The catalyst feeding device has its outlet connected to the feed pipe between the biomass feeding device and the reaction simulation unit; A carrier gas supply device, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the reaction simulation unit via a carrier gas pipeline; The preheating module is installed on the outside of the feed pipe between the biomass feeding device and the reaction simulation unit.

[0008] The biomass feeding device is a screw feeder equipped with a variable frequency speed controller; the catalyst feeding device is a controllable hopper; the carrier gas supply device includes a gas source and a gas mixer, providing carrier gas or reaction gas in different proportions.

[0009] Preferably, the reaction simulation unit includes: The reactor body has an internal reaction chamber and a three-section heating structure. The bottom or side of the reactor body is respectively provided with an air inlet connected to the raw material supply unit and an air outlet connected to the product separation and detection unit. The catalyst bed is detachably installed in the reaction chamber of the reactor body, and the installation height of the catalyst bed in the reaction chamber is adjustable; The temperature / atmosphere control module is located on the outer wall or inside the reactor body and is connected to the parameter control unit; The sensor array, including temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and atmosphere sensors, is evenly distributed on the inner wall or inside of the reaction chamber of the reactor body to collect reaction parameters in real time.

[0010] Preferably, the product separation and detection unit comprises the following components connected in sequence: Cyclone separators are used to separate solid particles from reaction products; A condenser collector is used to condense and collect tar using a low-temperature condensation method. Gas chromatograph is used to detect the components of gaseous products; High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used to detect the content of naphthalene and its derivatives in liquid tar. A specific surface area analyzer is used to detect the amount of coke deposited on the catalyst after the reaction.

[0011] Preferably, the parameter control unit includes a PLC controller, a touch screen connected to the PLC controller, and a frequency converter module; the touch screen is used to set the preset operating conditions, the PLC controller adjusts the drive devices of each unit through the frequency converter module according to the set values, and receives feedback signals from the control module to achieve closed-loop control.

[0012] Preferably, it further includes an exhaust gas treatment unit, which is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the product separation and detection unit and is used to purify the final exhaust gas.

[0013] A model validation method for a biomass co-firing catalytic removal of naphthalene from tar includes the following steps: Step S1: Set multiple different preset operating conditions in the parameter control unit. The preset operating conditions include at least the reaction temperature, carrier gas flow rate and composition, biomass feed rate, and catalyst type and dosage. Step S2: Run the model verification system and carry out catalytic removal reaction under each preset working condition. Collect corresponding experimental data through the product separation and detection unit. The experimental data includes at least naphthalene removal rate, tar yield, derivative content and catalyst coking amount. Step S3: Based on the same preset operating conditions, construct the catalytic removal model to be verified in the numerical simulation software, perform simulation calculations, and obtain the corresponding simulation data; Step S4: The experimental data and the simulation data are compared by the data processing unit to calculate the relative error. If the error exceeds the preset threshold, the parameters in the catalytic removal model are adjusted, and steps S3 and S4 are repeated until the error meets the requirements, thus completing the model verification.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, for each preset working condition, multiple repeated experiments are performed, and the average value of the multiple experimental data is taken as the experimental data under that working condition.

[0015] Preferably, the model parameters adjusted in step S4 include catalytic reaction kinetic parameters and / or mass transfer coefficients.

[0016] Preferably, the multiple preset operating conditions set in step S1 are temperature gradient operating conditions with different reaction temperatures.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: This invention provides a model verification system for the catalytic removal of naphthalene from biomass co-combustion tar, along with a corresponding model verification method. This system accurately simulates the catalytic removal environment during biomass co-combustion. Through comparative analysis of experiments and numerical simulations, the accuracy of the catalytic removal model is comprehensively verified, providing a reliable basis for model optimization. The system consists of a raw material supply unit, a reaction simulation unit, a product separation and detection unit, a parameter control unit, and a data processing unit. These units work collaboratively to form a complete closed-loop model verification system. The raw material supply unit is responsible for the precise delivery of raw materials, catalysts, and carrier gas, and can flexibly match the parameter requirements of different experimental conditions, providing a stable material foundation for experiments. The reaction simulation unit adopts a three-stage heating structure and a detachable catalyst bed, enabling flexible simulation of experimental conditions with different reaction temperatures and catalyst types, accurately reproducing the catalytic removal scenario during biomass co-combustion. The product separation and detection unit, through multi-stage separation and precise detection methods, can effectively obtain key experimental data such as tar yield, composition, and catalyst coking characteristics, providing core data support for model verification. The parameter control unit automatically adjusts and stabilizes various experimental parameters, ensuring the stability and repeatability of the experimental process and guaranteeing the reliability of experimental data. The core function of the data processing unit is to compare and analyze experimental data with numerical simulation results, identifying model deviations through data comparison and providing a scientific basis for optimizing and improving the catalytic removal model.

[0018] This invention also provides a corresponding model verification method, which achieves comprehensive verification of the catalytic removal model through steps such as setting operating conditions, collecting experimental data, numerical simulation modeling, and comparative verification. It can carry out special verification tests for key parameters such as different catalyst types and reaction temperatures.

[0019] Furthermore, parameters such as reaction temperature, carrier gas composition, feed rate, and catalyst type can be flexibly adjusted to cover a variety of typical operating conditions in biomass co-firing, meeting the verification needs of catalytic removal models in different scenarios. Furthermore, by using equipment such as gas chromatograph, liquid chromatograph, and specific surface area analyzer, we can accurately collect multi-dimensional data such as tar naphthalene content, product composition, and catalyst coking characteristics, providing rich data support for model validation. Furthermore, by comparing and analyzing experimental data with numerical simulation results, and by combining repeated experiments and parameter optimization, the accuracy and reliability of model validation are ensured. Furthermore, it is equipped with an exhaust gas treatment unit to ensure that experimental exhaust gas meets emission standards; the system has a reasonable structural design, is easy to operate, and has detachable parts for easy maintenance and replacement, making it suitable for laboratory research and engineering technology verification. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the model verification system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the model verification method of the present invention.

[0022] The diagram labels are as follows: 1-Raw material supply unit; 11-Biomass feeding device; 12-Catalyst feeding device; 13-Carrier gas supply device; 14-Preheating module; 2-Reaction simulation unit; 21-Reaction furnace body; 22-Catalyst bed; 23-Temperature / atmosphere control module; 24-Sensor group (temperature, pressure, atmosphere); 3-Product separation and detection unit; 31-Cyclone separator; 32-Condenser; 33-Gas chromatograph; 34-High performance liquid chromatograph; 35-Specific surface area analyzer; 4-Parameter control unit; 41-PLC controller; 42-Touch screen; 43-Frequency conversion module; 5-Data processing unit; 6-Tail gas treatment unit. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] This invention aims to address the lack of comprehensive and accurate verification methods for existing biomass catalytic removal of naphthalene tar models. Existing verification methods mostly focus on removal efficiency testing under single operating conditions, failing to cover the actual operating scenarios involving multiple coupled variables such as different feedstock types, catalyst types, reaction temperatures, and atmospheric conditions during biomass co-firing. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of experimental data and numerical simulation results is not comprehensive enough to accurately verify the accuracy of key parameters in the model, such as catalytic kinetic parameters and mass transfer coefficients, leading to discrepancies between model predictions and actual operating conditions, thus hindering the engineering application of catalytic removal technology. Therefore, this invention provides a model verification system and method for biomass catalytic removal of naphthalene tar in co-firing, enabling systematic verification of catalytic removal models under different operating conditions.

[0025] A model validation system for catalytic removal of tar naphthalene from co-combusted biomass, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a raw material supply unit 1, a reaction simulation unit 2, a product separation and detection unit 3, a parameter control unit 4, a data processing unit 5, and a tail gas treatment unit 6. The raw material supply unit is connected to the reaction simulation unit 2 and is used to accurately supply biomass raw materials, catalysts, and carrier gas to the reaction simulation unit. The reaction simulation unit 2 is a closed reaction chamber with a catalytic reaction zone and a temperature / atmosphere control module inside, used to simulate the catalytic removal environment of tar naphthalene during biomass co-firing. The product separation and detection unit 3 is connected to the outlet of the reaction simulation unit 1 and is used to separate and detect the content, composition, and coking characteristics of tar naphthalene in the reaction product. The parameter control unit 4 is connected to the raw material supply unit 1, the reaction simulation unit 2, and the product separation and detection unit 3 respectively, and is used to adjust the operating parameters of each unit. The data processing unit 5 is signal-connected to the product separation and detection unit 3 and the parameter control unit 4, and is used to collect experimental data and compare and analyze it with the numerical simulation results. The exhaust gas treatment unit 6 is connected to the outlet of the product separation and detection unit 3. The exhaust gas treatment unit 6 adopts a two-stage treatment method of activated carbon adsorption + alkaline solution absorption to ensure that the pollutants in the exhaust gas meet the emission standards.

[0026] The raw material supply unit 1 includes a biomass feeding device 11, a catalyst feeding device 12, a carrier gas supply device 13, and a preheating module 14; the outlet of the biomass feeding device 11 is connected to the inlet of the reaction simulation unit 2 through a feeding pipe. The catalyst feeding device 12 has its outlet connected to the feed pipe between the biomass feeding device 11 and the reaction simulation unit 2; The carrier gas supply device 13 has its outlet connected to the inlet of the reaction simulation unit 2 via a carrier gas pipeline; The preheating module 14 is sleeved on the outside of the feed pipe between the biomass feeding device 11 and the reaction simulation unit 2.

[0027] The biomass feeding device uses a screw feeder equipped with a frequency converter, and the feeding rate is adjustable from 0.1 to 5 kg / h. The catalyst feeding device is a controllable hopper that supports the addition of granular or powdered catalysts with a feeding accuracy of ±0.01 g. The carrier gas supply device includes a nitrogen cylinder, an oxygen cylinder, and a mixer, and the oxygen concentration in the carrier gas can be adjusted from 0 to 21%, and the carrier gas flow rate can be adjusted from 1 to 50 L / min. The preheating module is installed outside the connecting pipe between the raw material supply unit and the reaction simulation unit, and the preheating temperature range is 50-300℃.

[0028] The reaction simulation unit 2 adopts a transparent, high-temperature resistant quartz furnace body 21 with a three-stage heating structure, a temperature control range of 300-1200℃, and a temperature fluctuation accuracy of ±5℃. It features a removable catalyst bed 22, supporting the installation of different types of catalysts (granular or powdered biomass coke, metal oxide catalysts, etc.), with an adjustable bed height of 5-20cm. A sensor group 24 (temperature sensor, pressure sensor, and atmosphere monitoring probe) is uniformly distributed within the furnace body to collect real-time data on temperature, pressure, and gas composition in the reaction zone. The temperature / atmosphere control module 23 is connected to the parameter control unit 4 to achieve stable control of the reaction environment. The furnace body is made of transparent, high-temperature resistant quartz material, facilitating observation of catalyst state changes and coke formation during the reaction process. The reactor body 21 has a reaction chamber inside. The bottom or side of the reactor body 21 has an air inlet connected to the raw material supply unit 1 and an air outlet connected to the product separation and detection unit 3, respectively. A catalyst bed 22 is detachably installed in the reaction chamber of the reactor body 21, and the installation height of the catalyst bed 22 in the reaction chamber is adjustable. A temperature / atmosphere control module 23 is located on the outer wall or inside the reactor body 21 to regulate the temperature and atmosphere in the reaction chamber. A sensor group 24, including a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an atmosphere sensor, is evenly distributed on the inner wall or inside the reaction chamber of the reactor body 21 to collect reaction parameters in real time. The reactor body 21 has a preheating section, a reaction section, and a heat preservation section arranged sequentially along the material flow direction, each section having an independently installed heating element. The catalyst bed 22 has a drawer-type or slot-type structure, and its bottom has a replaceable catalyst support mesh.

[0029] The product separation and detection unit 3 includes the following components connected sequentially in the material flow direction: a cyclone separator 31, whose inlet is connected to the outlet of the reaction simulation unit 2, for separating solid particles in the reaction products; a condenser collector 32, whose inlet is connected to the outlet of the cyclone separator 31, for condensing and collecting tar; a gas chromatograph 33, whose sampling port is connected to the gas phase outlet of the condenser collector 32, for detecting gas phase product components; a high-performance liquid chromatograph 34, whose sampling port is connected to the liquid phase outlet of the condenser collector 32, for detecting the content of naphthalene and its derivatives in the tar; and a specific surface area analyzer 35, whose sample inlet is connected to the solid outlet of the cyclone separator 31, for detecting the specific surface area and coking characteristics of the catalyst after the reaction. The cyclone separator is used to separate solid particles (coke, unreacted catalyst, etc.) from the reaction products; the condenser uses a low-temperature condensation method (-20℃ to 0℃) to collect tar components, and is equipped with a weight sensor to monitor tar production in real time; the gas chromatograph and high-performance liquid chromatograph are used to detect the content of components such as naphthalene, toluene, and xylene in the gaseous products and tar; the specific surface area analyzer is used to characterize the coking characteristics of the catalyst after the reaction (specific surface area, pore size distribution, coke amount). The parameter control unit 4 includes a PLC controller 41, whose signal output terminal is connected to the control signal input terminals of the raw material supply unit 1, the reaction simulation unit 2, and the product separation and detection unit 3, respectively; a touch screen 42, which is communicatively connected to the signal input terminal of the PLC controller 41 and is used to display and input control parameters; and a frequency converter module 43, whose control signal input terminal is connected to the signal output terminal of the PLC controller 41 and whose power output terminal is connected to the drive motor in the raw material supply unit 1, which can realize automatic adjustment and precise control of parameters such as reaction temperature, carrier gas flow rate, raw material feed rate, and catalyst addition amount, and the control accuracy meets the experimental requirements.

[0030] The parameter control unit 4 compares the actual value returned by the sensor with the target value set by the user, calculates the deviation, and sends a command to the temperature / atmosphere control module 23 based on the calculated deviation. The temperature / atmosphere control module 23 executes the command to adjust the heating power or gas flow rate. The sensor group 24 continues to monitor the adjusted state and transmits new data back until the actual value stabilizes within the allowable error range of the target value. The data processing unit 5 is an industrial computer with built-in data acquisition and analysis software. Its signal input terminals are connected to the signal output terminals of each detection instrument in the product separation and detection unit 3. Using an industrial computer with built-in data acquisition and analysis software, it can receive experimental data from the product separation and detection unit 3 in real time, compare it with numerical simulation results, and generate an error analysis report.

[0031] A model validation method for catalytic removal of tar naphthalene from co-combusted biomass, such as Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps: S1: System debugging and parameter setting: Start each unit device and check the airtightness and equipment operation status; set the boundary conditions such as reaction temperature, carrier gas flow rate, oxygen concentration, raw material feed rate and catalyst addition amount through the touch screen 42 of the parameter control unit, and run stably for 30 minutes; S2: Experimental data acquisition: Biomass feedstock, catalyst and carrier gas are supplied to the reaction simulation unit. Catalytic removal reaction is carried out under the set conditions. Experimental data such as tar yield, naphthalene and derivative content and catalyst coking amount are collected through the product separation and detection unit during the reaction time. Each condition is repeated 3-5 times and the average value is taken. S3: Numerical simulation modeling: Construct a catalytic removal model using FLUENT or AspenPlus software, set boundary conditions consistent with experimental conditions (reaction temperature, gas flow rate, catalyst characteristics, etc.), perform numerical simulation calculations, and output simulation results (tar naphthalene removal rate, product component distribution, coke distribution, etc.). S4: Model Validation and Optimization: The experimental data and simulation results are compared through the data processing unit to calculate the relative error (allowable error ≤10%). If the error exceeds the allowable range, the key parameters in the model, such as the catalytic reaction kinetic parameters and mass transfer coefficient, are adjusted. Steps S2-S4 are repeated until the model accuracy meets the requirements.

[0032] Validating catalytic removal models for different catalyst types includes the following steps: Select at least three different types of catalysts (such as rice straw coke, corn cob coke, and Fe2O3-based catalysts), keep other parameters such as reaction temperature and carrier gas flow rate constant, conduct catalytic removal experiments respectively, and collect data on naphthalene removal rate, coke deposition, and product composition for each catalyst; set the corresponding catalyst kinetic parameters in numerical simulation, perform simulation calculations, and compare the simulation results with experimental data to verify the accuracy of the model under different catalyst types.

[0033] The catalytic removal model at different reaction temperatures was validated by the following steps: five different reaction temperature gradients (300℃, 500℃, 700℃, 900℃, and 1100℃) were set up, and other experimental parameters were kept constant. Catalytic removal experiments were carried out at each temperature, and data on naphthalene conversion, tar yield, and coke deposition characteristics were collected. Corresponding temperature boundary conditions were set in the numerical simulation, and simulation calculations were performed. The simulation results were compared with the experimental data to verify the accuracy of the model at different reaction temperatures.

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1: Structural Components of the Model Validation System This example describes a model validation system for the catalytic removal of naphthalene from tar in co-fired biomass, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a raw material supply unit 1, a reaction simulation unit 2, a product separation and detection unit 3, a parameter control unit 4, a data processing unit 5, and a tail gas treatment unit 6.

[0036] The raw material supply unit 1 is used to quantitatively supply biomass raw materials, catalysts, and carrier gas to the reaction simulation unit 2 according to preset operating conditions. Specifically, it includes: The biomass feeding device 11, in this embodiment, adopts a variable frequency speed-regulating screw feeder with an adjustable feeding rate range of 0.1-5 kg / h. The feeding rate is precisely controlled by adjusting the frequency of the frequency converter to meet the requirements of biomass raw material usage under different working conditions.

[0037] The catalyst feeding device 12, in this embodiment, adopts a controllable precision feeding hopper equipped with a high-precision weighing sensor, and the feeding accuracy is controlled within ±0.01g. It is used to quantitatively add granular or powdered catalyst to the reaction zone.

[0038] The carrier gas supply device 13 includes a nitrogen cylinder, an oxygen cylinder, and a gas mixer. The flow rate of each gas path is adjusted by a mass flow controller to achieve different proportions of carrier gas or reactant gas. The oxygen concentration adjustment range is 0-21%, and the total flow rate adjustment range is 1-50 L / min, used to simulate different atmospheric conditions during biomass co-firing.

[0039] The preheating module 14 is sleeved on the outside of the pipe connecting the raw material supply unit 1 and the reaction simulation unit 2. It adopts an electric heating belt or heating jacket structure, and the preheating temperature is adjustable in the range of 50-300℃. It is used to preheat the conveyed materials and / or gases to avoid the stability of the temperature field in the reaction zone due to excessive temperature difference.

[0040] The reaction simulation unit 2 is connected to the raw material supply unit 1 and is used to simulate the catalytic removal reaction environment during biomass co-firing and to collect reaction process parameters in real time. Specifically, it includes: The reactor body 21 is a three-stage heating furnace made of transparent quartz glass. Each stage has independent temperature control, ranging from 300-1200℃, with each stage's temperature set independently and an accuracy of ±5℃. The transparent material facilitates observation of changes in the catalyst bed and coking during the reaction process.

[0041] The catalyst bed 22 is detachably installed inside the reactor body 21. The catalyst bed 22 employs a slotted or flanged connection structure for easy disassembly and replacement. A sieve plate is provided within the bed to support the catalyst, and the installation position of the catalyst bed 22 can be adjusted by adjusting a screw or slots of different heights, thereby changing the bed height, with an adjustment range of 5-20 cm. This structure supports the loading of granular or powdered catalysts to meet the validation needs of different types of catalysts.

[0042] The sensor group 24 includes multiple temperature sensors (thermocouples), pressure sensors, and atmosphere sensors (oxygen concentration probes), which are evenly distributed at different heights and positions inside the reactor body 21. The sensor group 24 is used to monitor the temperature distribution, pressure changes, and atmosphere composition in the reaction zone in real time, and transmits the monitoring data to the parameter control unit 4 in real time.

[0043] The product separation and detection unit 3 is connected to the reaction simulation unit 2 and is used to perform multi-stage separation of the reaction products and detect and acquire key data for model validation. It includes the following devices connected in sequence: Cyclone separator 31, whose inlet is connected to the outlet of reaction simulation unit 2, is used to separate solid particles (such as unreacted biomass coke, catalyst powder and carbon deposits) in the reaction products to prevent solid particles from entering subsequent analysis equipment and causing blockage or contamination.

[0044] The condenser collector 32 has its inlet connected to the gas outlet of the cyclone separator 31. It has an internal coil-type condensation structure and uses a circulating refrigerant (such as an aqueous ethylene glycol solution) to control the condensation temperature within the range of -20℃ to 0℃. It is used to condense and collect tar. A weighing module is located at the bottom of the condenser collector 32, allowing for real-time weighing of tar production.

[0045] The gas chromatograph 33 has its sampling port connected to the gas outlet of the condenser 32, and is used to detect the components of the gas phase products that have not been condensed after condensation, including H2, CO, CO2, CH4 and light hydrocarbons.

[0046] The high-performance liquid chromatograph 34 has its sampling port connected to the tar collection bottle of the condenser 32, and is used to detect the content of naphthalene and its derivatives (such as toluene, xylene, benzene, etc.) in liquid tar.

[0047] The specific surface area analyzer 35 has its sampling port connected to the solid outlet of the cyclone separator 31. It is used to collect the catalyst sample after the reaction, detect its coking amount and specific surface area change, and thus characterize the coking characteristics of the catalyst.

[0048] The parameter control unit 4 is electrically or signal-connected to the raw material supply unit 1 and the reaction simulation unit 2, respectively, and is used to automatically adjust and stably control the operating parameters of each unit according to preset operating conditions. Specifically, it includes: The PLC controller 41, as the control core, receives sensor group 24 and other feedback signals, and outputs control commands according to the internal preset control algorithm.

[0049] The touchscreen 42, connected to the PLC controller 41 via a communication cable, serves as a human-machine interface. Operators can use the touchscreen 42 to set preset operating parameters, including reaction temperature, carrier gas flow rate and composition, biomass feed rate, catalyst type and dosage, etc.; simultaneously, the touchscreen 42 displays real-time monitoring data from various sensors and the equipment's operating status.

[0050] The frequency converter module 43 is connected to the PLC controller 41 and the drive motor of the biomass feeding device 11. By adjusting the power supply frequency, the motor speed is changed, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the feeding rate.

[0051] In addition, the parameter control unit 4 is also connected to the mass flow controller of the carrier gas supply device 13, the heater of the preheating module 14, and the actuator of the temperature / atmosphere control module 23 to achieve fully automated control.

[0052] The data processing unit 5 is communicatively connected to the product separation and detection unit 3 and the parameter control unit 4, respectively. The data processing unit 5 uses an industrial computer with built-in data acquisition and analysis software. Its functions include: The product separation and detection unit 3 receives and stores key data obtained in real time, including at least tar production, naphthalene and its derivative content, and catalyst coking characteristics. Receive and store the operating parameters recorded by parameter control unit 4; Compare and analyze key data with simulation results output by external numerical simulation software (such as FLUENT, ASPEN Plus, etc.) under the same working conditions, including calculating relative errors, plotting comparison curves, and generating error analysis reports; Based on the preset error threshold (e.g., ≤10%), determine whether the model accuracy meets the requirements and provide data support for model parameter optimization.

[0053] The exhaust gas treatment unit 6 is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the product separation and detection unit 3 (i.e., after the gas chromatograph 33). This embodiment employs a two-stage treatment method: the first stage is an activated carbon adsorption tower to adsorb residual organic matter; the second stage is an alkaline absorption tower to absorb acidic gases. The treated exhaust gas is discharged only after passing testing to ensure environmental safety during the experimental process.

[0054] Example 2: Implementation Process of Model Validation Method This example uses the model validation system from Example 1 to conduct validation experiments on the catalytic removal model at different reaction temperatures. The specific steps are as follows: 1. System debugging and parameter setting: Start each unit device and check the airtightness and equipment operating status; set multiple different preset working conditions through the touch screen 42 of the parameter control unit 4.

[0055] In this embodiment, a reaction temperature gradient was set at 300℃, 500℃, 700℃, 900℃, and 1100℃, for a total of 5 operating points. Other fixed parameters were set as follows: total carrier gas flow rate 10L / min, oxygen concentration 5%, biomass feed rate 1kg / h, rice straw coke catalyst type, and catalyst addition amount 5g. Data was collected after each temperature condition had been running stably for 30 minutes.

[0056] In other embodiments, the preset operating conditions can also be set as multi-variable coupled operating conditions such as different catalyst types (e.g., olivine, dolomite, nickel-based catalysts, etc.), different carrier gas components (e.g., oxygen concentration gradient, water vapor content, etc.), and different feed rates.

[0057] 2. Experimental Data Collection: Under various preset operating conditions, biomass feedstock, catalyst, and carrier gas are supplied to reaction simulation unit 2 to carry out the catalytic removal reaction. The specific data acquisition process is as follows: Tar production over 2 hours at various temperature conditions was collected using a condenser collector 32, and mass data was recorded using a weighing module at its bottom. Non-condensable gas components in the gaseous products were detected using a gas chromatograph 33. The removal rate of naphthalene and the content of derivatives such as toluene and xylene in the collected tar were detected using a high-performance liquid chromatograph 34. The amount of coking and the specific surface area of ​​the catalyst after the reaction were detected using a specific surface area analyzer 35 to characterize the coking characteristics of the catalyst.

[0058] To eliminate random errors, three replicate experiments were conducted for each preset operating condition, and the average of the three experimental data was taken as the experimental data for that condition. The experimental data included at least the naphthalene removal rate, tar yield, derivative content, and catalyst coking amount.

[0059] 3. Numerical simulation modeling: Based on the same preset operating conditions as in step S2, a catalytic removal model to be verified is constructed in the numerical simulation software FLUENT. The modeling process includes: establishing a geometric model and generating a mesh; inputting boundary conditions (reaction temperature, carrier gas flow rate and composition, catalyst characteristic parameters, etc.); setting catalytic reaction kinetic parameters and mass transfer coefficients; and performing numerical simulation calculations. Simulation data such as naphthalene removal rate, tar yield, product distribution, and coke deposition distribution under various temperature conditions are output.

[0060] 4. Model Validation and Optimization: The data processing unit 5 compares the experimental data obtained in step S2 with the simulation data obtained in step S3 to calculate the relative error. The preset error threshold in this embodiment is ≤10%.

[0061] Initial simulation results showed that, under 700℃ conditions, the relative error between the simulated and experimental values ​​of naphthalene removal rate was 15%, exceeding the allowable range. Based on the error analysis report output by data processing unit 5, it was determined that the model parameters needed adjustment. In this embodiment, the adjusted model parameters included catalytic reaction kinetic parameters (such as pre-exponential factor and activation energy) and mass transfer coefficient. After adjustment, the simulation calculation in step S3 was repeated, and the results were compared with the experimental data again.

[0062] After two rounds of parameter optimization, the relative error between the simulation results and experimental data under each temperature condition is ≤8%, which meets the preset accuracy requirements. The catalytic removal model has been verified.

[0063] The above verification methods can be used to conduct specific verification tests on key parameters such as different catalyst types and different reaction temperatures, providing a reliable guarantee for the application of the model in actual biomass co-firing processes.

[0064] Example 3: Catalyst Type Comparison and Verification Test The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that the preset operating conditions are set for comparative verification of different catalyst types. Specifically, under fixed reaction temperature of 800℃, carrier gas flow rate of 10L / min, oxygen concentration of 5%, and biomass feed rate of 1kg / h, three different types of catalysts—rice straw coke, dolomite, and nickel-based catalysts—were tested. Under each catalyst condition, an equal amount of catalyst (5g) was precisely added through the catalyst feeding device 12.

[0065] Following steps S2 to S4, experimental data were collected under three different catalyst conditions, and numerical simulations and comparative verifications were performed. Data processing unit 5 was used to compare and analyze the differences in naphthalene removal rate, product selectivity, and coking characteristics under different catalyst types, thereby verifying the accuracy of the catalytic removal model's simulations regarding the active sites, reaction pathways, and deactivation mechanisms of different catalysts.

[0066] Example 4: Comparative Verification Test of Carrier Gas Composition The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that the preset operating conditions are set for comparative verification of different carrier gas compositions. Specifically, under the conditions of a fixed reaction temperature of 800℃, a biomass feed rate of 1kg / h, and a catalyst type of rice straw coke, the oxygen concentration is adjusted by the gas mixer of the carrier gas supply device 13, and four operating conditions are set with oxygen concentrations of 0% (pure nitrogen), 5%, 10%, and 15%.

[0067] Following steps S2 to S4, experimental data were collected under four different atmospheric conditions, and numerical simulations and comparative verifications were performed. Data processing unit 5 was used to compare and analyze the evolution of naphthalene removal rate and tar components under different oxygen concentrations, thereby verifying the accuracy of the catalytic removal model's simulation of the influence of atmosphere on the catalytic reaction pathway and mass transfer process.

[0068] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0069] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0070] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Those skilled in the art can readily implement the present invention based on the accompanying drawings and the above description. However, any modifications, alterations, or variations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention, utilizing the disclosed technical content, are equivalent embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, any modifications, alterations, or variations made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A model verification system for the catalytic removal of tar naphthalene from co-combusted biomass, characterized in that, include: The raw material supply unit (1) is used to quantitatively supply biomass raw materials, catalysts and carrier gas to the reaction simulation unit according to preset working conditions; The reaction simulation unit (2) is connected to the outlet of the raw material supply unit (1) to simulate the catalytic removal environment of tar naphthalene during biomass co-firing and to collect reaction process parameters in real time. The product separation and detection unit (3) has its inlet connected to the outlet of the reaction simulation unit (2) for multi-stage separation of reaction products and detection of key data for model verification. The key data includes at least tar production, naphthalene and its derivative content, and catalyst coking characteristics. The parameter control unit (4) is electrically connected to the raw material supply unit (1), the reaction simulation unit (2) and the product separation and detection unit (3) respectively, and is used to automatically adjust and control the operating parameters of each unit according to the preset working conditions. The data processing unit (5) is communicatively connected to the product separation and detection unit (3) and the parameter control unit (4), and is used to receive and store the key data, and compare and analyze the key data with the simulation results output based on the same working conditions to verify the accuracy of the catalytic removal model.

2. The model verification system for catalytic removal of tar naphthalene from biomass co-firing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw material supply unit (1) includes: The biomass feeding device (11) has its outlet connected to the inlet of the reaction simulation unit (2) via a feeding pipe; The catalyst feeding device (12) has its outlet connected to the feed pipe between the biomass feeding device (11) and the reaction simulation unit (2); The outlet of the carrier gas supply device (13) is connected to the inlet of the reaction simulation unit (2) via a carrier gas pipeline; The preheating module (14) is fitted on the outside of the feed pipe between the biomass feeding device (11) and the reaction simulation unit (2); The biomass feeding device is a screw feeder equipped with a variable frequency speed controller; the catalyst feeding device is a controllable hopper; the carrier gas supply device includes a gas source and a gas mixer, providing carrier gas or reaction gas in different proportions.

3. The model verification system for catalytic removal of tar naphthalene from biomass co-firing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction simulation unit includes: The reactor body (21) has a reaction chamber inside and is a three-section heating structure. The bottom or side of the reactor body (21) is provided with an air inlet connected to the raw material supply unit (1) and an air outlet connected to the product separation and detection unit (3); The catalyst bed (22) is detachably installed in the reaction chamber of the reactor body (21), and the installation height of the catalyst bed (22) in the reaction chamber is adjustable; The temperature / atmosphere control module (23) is located on the outer wall or inside the reactor body (21) and is connected to the parameter control unit; The sensor group (24), including temperature sensor, pressure sensor and atmosphere sensor, is evenly distributed on the inner wall or inside of the reaction chamber of the reactor body (21) to collect reaction parameters in real time.

4. The model verification system for catalytic removal of tar naphthalene from biomass co-firing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The product separation and detection unit comprises, in sequence: Cyclone separator (31) is used to separate solid particles from reaction products; A condenser collector (32) is used to condense and collect tar using a low-temperature condensation method; Gas chromatograph (33) is used to detect the components of gaseous products; High performance liquid chromatograph (34) is used to detect the content of naphthalene and its derivatives in liquid tar; A surface area analyzer (35) is used to detect the amount of coke deposited on the catalyst after the reaction.

5. The model verification system for catalytic removal of tar naphthalene from biomass co-firing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parameter control unit includes a PLC controller, a touch screen connected to the PLC controller, and a frequency converter module. The touch screen is used to set the preset operating conditions. The PLC controller adjusts the drive devices of each unit through the frequency converter module according to the set values ​​and receives feedback signals from the control module to achieve closed-loop control.

6. The model verification system for catalytic removal of tar naphthalene from biomass co-firing according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an exhaust gas treatment unit (6), which is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the product separation and detection unit (3) for purifying the final exhaust gas.

7. A model verification system and method for catalytic removal of tar naphthalene from co-fired biomass, implemented based on the model verification system for catalytic removal of tar naphthalene from co-fired biomass according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Set multiple different preset operating conditions in the parameter control unit. The preset operating conditions include at least the reaction temperature, carrier gas flow rate and composition, biomass feed rate, and catalyst type and dosage. Step S2: Run the model verification system and carry out catalytic removal reaction under each preset working condition. Collect corresponding experimental data through the product separation and detection unit. The experimental data includes at least naphthalene removal rate, tar yield, derivative content and catalyst coking amount. Step S3: Based on the same preset operating conditions, construct the catalytic removal model to be verified in the numerical simulation software, perform simulation calculations, and obtain the corresponding simulation data; Step S4: The experimental data and the simulation data are compared by the data processing unit to calculate the relative error. If the error exceeds the preset threshold, the parameters in the catalytic removal model are adjusted, and steps S3 and S4 are repeated until the error meets the requirements, thus completing the model verification.

8. The model verification method for catalytic removal of tar naphthalene from biomass according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, for each preset working condition, multiple repeated experiments are conducted, and the average value of the multiple experimental data is taken as the experimental data under that working condition.

9. The model verification method for catalytic removal of tar naphthalene from biomass by co-firing according to claim 7, characterized in that, The model parameters adjusted in step S4 include catalytic reaction kinetic parameters and / or mass transfer coefficients.

10. The model verification method for catalytic removal of tar naphthalene from biomass by co-firing according to claim 7, characterized in that, The multiple preset operating conditions set in step S1 are temperature gradient operating conditions with different reaction temperatures.

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