Photovoltaic testing device simulating building overhang and lateral rib sunshade

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of solar photovoltaic testing technology, specifically a photovoltaic testing device simulating building cantilever and side rib shading. The device includes a support base, a vertical column, a test photovoltaic module, a cantilever shading component, a side rib shading component, and a height adjustment and locking slider. Through this device, the invention enables multi-dimensional quantitative adjustment of the cantilever depth, side rib spacing, and shading height, accurately simulating the lighting environment under different shading conditions on actual building surfaces. This provides simpler experimental conditions for testing the thermoelectric performance of photovoltaic modules on various building surfaces, significantly improving testing efficiency and data accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar photovoltaic testing technology, specifically a photovoltaic testing device that simulates building cantilever and side rib shading. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) technology, more and more photovoltaic (PV) modules are being installed on building facades. Unlike traditional rooftop PV, Liri PV systems are highly susceptible to the complex and uneven shading generated by the building's external shading structures (cantilevered and side ribs). This shading not only significantly reduces the overall power generation of the PV modules but also easily induces heat spot effects, shortening module lifespan. Therefore, accurately measuring and quantitatively evaluating the impact of different shading methods on PV power generation performance is crucial for the design optimization and capacity prediction of BIPV systems.

[0003] Existing research on photovoltaic shading mainly relies on computer numerical simulations (such as Raytracing or solar geometry calculation software). Although simulation methods can quickly handle various operating conditions, the simulation results often deviate significantly from the measured values ​​due to the actual reflection of buildings, the full spectrum distribution, and the complex circuit connections and dynamic thermal characteristics inside photovoltaic modules.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a photovoltaic testing device that simulates building cantilever and side rib shading to improve the design efficiency and performance prediction accuracy of BIPV systems in complex shading environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a photovoltaic testing device that simulates building cantilever and side rib shading, compared with the existing technical solutions, filling the gap in the lack of experimental testing equipment that can simultaneously simulate the impact of multi-variable (H, L, W, S) combined shading on photovoltaic performance.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A photovoltaic testing device simulating building cantilever and side rib shading includes a support base and two vertical columns vertically arranged on one side of the support base. A first horizontal bar is fixedly connected between the two vertical columns. Height adjustment locking sliders are slidably connected to the top side of the two vertical columns respectively. An upper horizontal beam is fixedly connected between the two height adjustment locking sliders. The photovoltaic module is being tested and installed between the first horizontal bar and the support base. A cantilevered shading component is installed on an upper crossbeam. The cantilevered shading component includes a telescopic cantilever plate that moves along the width of the upper crossbeam. The telescopic cantilever plate is located above the tested photovoltaic module. A side-rib shading component is located on one side of the photovoltaic module being tested. The side-rib shading component is installed between the first horizontal bar and the support base. The side-rib shading component includes foldable side ribs. The entire side-rib shading component can be moved left and right along the length of the first horizontal bar to adjust the horizontal distance between the side-rib shading component and the photovoltaic module being tested.

[0007] The above technical solution produces the following technical effects: The device proposed in this application not only fills the gap in the lack of experimental equipment capable of simultaneously simulating the impact of multivariable (h, L, W, S) combined shading on photovoltaic performance, but also, due to its flexible adjustment capability and convenient mobile design, can provide high-precision experimental data that is closer to the real working conditions than single-dimensional software simulation or fixed shading, greatly improving the design efficiency and performance prediction accuracy of BIPV systems in complex shading environments.

[0008] As a further improvement to the photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading of this application, the upper crossbeam is provided with an upper crossbeam slide rail, and the cantilever shading component also includes a cantilever bearing main slider, which is slidably mounted on the upper crossbeam slide rail, and a telescopic cantilever plate is installed at the end of the cantilever bearing main slider away from the upper crossbeam slide rail.

[0009] As a further improvement to the photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading of this application, a gearbox support is installed at the end of the cantilever bearing main slider away from the upper crossbeam slide rail. The gearbox support includes a base and an end fixedly connected to the base. The base is used to support the installation of the telescopic cantilever plate. The two sides of the cantilever bearing main slider in the length direction are fixedly connected to one end of the end, and the other end of the end is fixedly connected to the base. The output shaft of a dual-axis drive motor is connected through the two ends. Drive gears are provided at both ends of the output shaft and are located in the inner cavity of the end. The telescopic cantilever plate is equipped with telescopic transmission racks on both sides. The telescopic transmission racks are meshed with the drive gears. The dual-shaft drive motor drives the output shaft to move the telescopic cantilever plate along the width direction of the upper crossbeam.

[0010] As a further improvement to the photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading of this application, the first crossbar and the supporting base are respectively fixedly connected to the lower crossbeam slide rail, and the two sides of the side rib shading component are respectively slidably connected to the lower crossbeam slide rail.

[0011] As a further improvement to the photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading of this application, the foldable side rib is provided with side rib guide strips on both sides along the length direction, the side rib guide strips are slidably connected to the side rib guide sliders, and the side rib guide sliders are slidably connected to the lower crossbeam slide rail. The folding side rib has guide balls on one side at both ends along its length. The guide balls are assembled in the mounting groove of the side rib guide strip and are used to unfold and fold the folding side rib.

[0012] As a further improvement to the photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading of this application, a column guide rail is fixedly connected to the top side of the first horizontal bar, and the height adjustment locking slider is slidably connected to the column guide rail.

[0013] As a further improvement to the photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading of this application, a toothed positioning groove is provided on any side of the column guide rail sliding assembly height adjustment locking slider, and a fixing plate is fixedly connected inside the height adjustment locking slider. The fixing plate is provided with an assembly cavity, a first assembly groove that communicates with the upper side of the assembly cavity, and a second assembly groove that communicates with the side of the assembly cavity. The first assembly slot is for the unlocking operation lever to pass through, and the second assembly slot is for the positioning locking pin to pass through. The positioning locking pin is adapted to the tooth shape of the toothed positioning slot. One end of the positioning locking pin is provided with a hinge part, and the hinge part is provided with a hinge groove. One end of the unlocking operation lever is provided with a linkage hinge shaft, and the linkage hinge shaft passes through the hinge groove. The unlocking lever drives the hinge part through the linkage hinge shaft, which in turn moves the positioning locking pin horizontally, thereby controlling the disengagement and re-engagement of the positioning locking pin with the toothed positioning groove.

[0014] As a further improvement to the photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading of this application, a positioning head is provided at the end of the positioning locking pin away from the hinge, and the positioning head is adapted to the tooth shape of the toothed positioning groove; a limiting pin is fixedly connected to the fixing plate, and the limiting pin is used to fixally connect with the height adjustment locking slider. The hinge groove is an inclined groove that is set at an angle along the horizontal movement direction of the positioning locking pin.

[0015] As a further improvement to the photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading of this application, the positioning locking pin is fitted with a reset spring. The unlocking operation rod drives the hinge part through the linkage hinge shaft to drive the positioning locking pin to overcome the elastic force of the reset spring and make horizontal displacement.

[0016] As a further improvement to the photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading of this application, the bottom of the support base is equipped with casters with brake locking mechanisms, which are used to drive the movement and steering of the support base. Diagonal bracing is fixedly connected between the support base and the outer side of the vertical column.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) Integrated multi-degree-of-freedom shading simulation system: This invention integrates cantilever depth adjustment, side rib spacing adjustment, and shading height adjustment into one unit. Through the telescopic translation of the cantilever components, the translational folding of the side rib components, and the lifting and locking of the overall components, a three-dimensional and high-precision reproduction of the actual building shading conditions is achieved, providing near-realistic boundary conditions for photovoltaic performance testing.

[0018] 2) High-precision and high-reliability transmission and locking mechanism: The cantilever assembly adopts a motor-driven gear and rack structure, which realizes automated quantitative control of the extension length and ensures the rigor of experimental variables; the height adjustment slider is equipped with a handle-spring-positioning pin linkage mechanism, which, together with the toothed positioning groove, realizes one-handed quick adjustment and automatic anti-slip locking under heavy load, taking into account both operational safety and convenience.

[0019] 3) Mobile testing platform with field tracking capabilities: The device is equipped with braked omnidirectional casters at the bottom, giving the system excellent mobility and orientation adjustment capabilities. Researchers can simulate lighting conditions in different climate zones and building orientations under real natural spectrum and solar trajectory to obtain test data with greater engineering guidance value. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a horizontal sunshade component projecting outwards from the building; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the vertical sunshade components on both sides of the building window. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable cantilever mechanism in this invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along line aa in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable side rib mechanism in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded state of the side rib baffle in this invention; Figure 8 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the side rib slide bar in this invention; Figure 9 for Figure 1 One of the magnified structural diagrams of point A in the middle; Figure 10 for Figure 1 Partial magnified structural diagram of point A in the middle (second part); Figure 11 for Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along line bb in the middle; Tag name 1-Testing photovoltaic modules; 2-Cantilevered sunshade assembly; 20 - Upper crossbeam; 201-Upper crossbeam slide rail; 202-Cantilevered main slide block; 203 - Dual-axis drive motor; 2031 - Output shaft; 204 - Gearbox support; 2041 - Base; 2042-end; 205 - Drive gear; 206-Telescopic transmission rack; 3-Side rib sunshade assembly; 301-Lower crossbeam slide rail; 302-Side rib plate guide slider; 303-Side rib guide strip; 304 - Guide Balls; 4- Height adjustment locking slider; 401 - Column guide rail; 4011-Toothed locating groove; 402 - Unlock lever; 403 - Reset spring; 404-Limit pin; 405 - Positioning locking pin; 4051 - Hinge; 4052 - Hinge slot; 4053 - Positioning Head; 406 - Linkage hinge shaft; 407 - Fixed plate; 4071 - Assembly cavity; 5-Vertical columns; 51 - First horizontal bar; 6-Supporting base; 7-Diagonal bracing stiffener; 8- Casters; 9-Folded side ribs; 10-Retractable cantilever slab; Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "top / bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "sleeved / connected," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] To facilitate an accurate understanding of the solutions provided in the following embodiments of the present invention, the terms involved in the present invention will be explained as follows before describing the technical solutions provided by the present invention: Facade PV: This refers to photovoltaic modules installed on building facades, and is an important application of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) technology. Compared with traditional rooftop PV, facade PV is more susceptible to the complex shadows created by external shading structures (such as cantilevered structures and side ribs), which may lead to reduced power generation and hot spot effects. Therefore, it is necessary to use specialized testing equipment to simulate different shading conditions to evaluate its performance.

[0025] Cantilever structures are a common type of external shading structure in the building industry. They refer to horizontal or inclined components (such as eaves or sunshades) extending outward from the main building structure, primarily used to block solar radiation and reduce the intensity of sunlight on the building facade. In building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), cantilever structures can create top shadows on photovoltaic modules installed on the facade, affecting their power generation performance.

[0026] Side ribs are an important component of the external shading structure of buildings. They refer to vertical or inclined shading components (such as window side frames, shading pillars, etc.) installed along the sides of the building facade, mainly used to block solar radiation incident from the sides and reduce the light intensity in local areas of the building. In building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), the side rib structure can create lateral shadows on the photovoltaic modules installed on the facade, affecting the uniformity of power generation and overall performance.

[0027] The multivariable parameters (h, L, W, S) specifically include cantilever height, cantilever depth, side rib width, and side rib spacing. Specifically, h—cantilever height—refers to the vertical distance between the bottom of the cantilever shading component 2 (refer to the telescopic cantilever plate 10 in this application) and the surface of the test photovoltaic module 1. Specifically, this device achieves this by raising and lowering the height-adjusting locking slider 4 along the vertical column 5, which can change the vertical position of the top shading and simulate the shading effect of different building eaves heights on sunlight. L—cantilever depth—refers to the horizontal length of the telescopic cantilever plate 10 extending from the fixed end towards the test photovoltaic module 1. Specifically, this device uses a dual-axis drive motor 203 to drive a gear and rack structure to achieve extension and retraction, precisely controlling the extension distance of the cantilever plate and simulating the horizontal shading range of the building eaves. W—side rib width—refers to the effective lateral shading width formed after the folded side rib plate 9 is unfolded. This device achieves this by stretching / retracting the folded side rib plate 9 along the guide strip, adjusting the coverage of the side shadow and simulating the width change of the building side rib shading. S—Side rib spacing refers to the horizontal distance between the side rib shading component 3 and the test photovoltaic module 1, or the spacing between the two side ribs. The device in this application achieves this by moving the side rib shading component 3 left and right along the lower crossbeam slide rail 301, changing the relative position of the side ribs and the module, and simulating the shadow effect of different building side rib layouts.

[0028] The following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further detailed explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used in this invention is for describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.

[0029] Example 1 Existing research on photovoltaic shading primarily relies on computer numerical simulations (such as Raytracing or solar geometry calculation software). While simulation methods can quickly handle various operating conditions, the simulation results often deviate significantly from measured values ​​due to the actual reflection of buildings, the full spectrum distribution, and the complex circuit connections and dynamic thermal characteristics within photovoltaic modules. In terms of experimental research, there is currently a lack of dedicated physical experimental devices capable of simultaneously, quantitatively, and flexibly adjusting the combination of two different shading forms: cantilever and side rib. The few existing shading testing platforms are mostly single-function, often only achieving simple shading in a single dimension, and cannot accurately reproduce the dynamic changes in geometric variables such as cantilever depth, cantilever height, side rib width, and horizontal distance between side ribs and modules in real building designs.

[0030] Specifically, Figure 1The description refers to horizontally projecting shading components (cantilevered structures) on the building's exterior. The main variables are cantilever height (h) and cantilever depth (D). The cantilever height (h) is the vertical distance from the bottom of the cantilevered component to its lower reference plane (such as a window sill or the top edge of a photovoltaic module), reflecting the component's position in the height direction. The cantilever depth (D) refers to the horizontal length of the cantilevered component extending outward from the building wall (or main structure), determining the horizontal coverage area of ​​the shading.

[0031] Specifically, Figure 2 For the vertical shading components (side ribs) on both sides of a building window, the main variables to be labeled include the horizontal distance (S) between the side rib and the component, and the width (W) of the side rib. The horizontal distance (S) between the side rib and the component refers to the horizontal distance from the inner edge of the side rib component to the side of the component being shaded (such as a window or photovoltaic panel), affecting the lateral shading range of the component. The width (W) of the side rib refers to the horizontal width of a single side rib component (perpendicular to the wall surface), determining the actual shading size of the side rib.

[0032] Among them, the above geometric variables (h, D, S, W) are key parameters that need to be dynamically adjusted in real building shading design. However, existing experimental devices are difficult to achieve quantitative and flexible combination adjustment of these variables at the same time, resulting in the inability to accurately simulate the shading effect in actual engineering.

[0033] To address the gaps and deficiencies in the existing technology, this invention provides an experimental device that can achieve multi-dimensional automated and adjustable operation. Specifically, as shown in... Figure 3-11 As shown, the photovoltaic testing device of this application includes a support base 6 and two vertical columns 5 vertically arranged on one side of the support base 6. A first horizontal bar 51 is fixedly connected between the two vertical columns 5. Height adjustment locking sliders 4 are slidably connected to the top side of the two vertical columns 5 respectively. An upper horizontal beam 20 is fixedly connected between the two height adjustment locking sliders 4. In order to increase the overall rigidity and stability of the structure, diagonal bracing ribs 7 are fixedly welded or bolted to the outer connection between the support base 6 and the vertical columns 5. In addition, casters 8 are installed at the four corners of the bottom of the support base 6, and the casters 8 have their own brake locking mechanism. Thus, the experimenter can easily push the entire device to the outdoor real sunlight environment through the casters 8, and freely rotate and position it according to the required building orientation. After reaching the designated position, stepping on the brake will fix it. The photovoltaic module 1 being tested is a photovoltaic testing module (such as CdTe semi-transparent photovoltaic glass), which is installed between the first horizontal bar 51 and the support base 6. Furthermore, such as Figure 3 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 11As shown, the device of this application includes a complete set of height adjustment and locking mechanisms for the cantilevered sunshade component 2. The cantilevered sunshade component 2 is mounted on the upper crossbeam 20, and includes a movement mechanism along the width direction of the upper crossbeam 20 (specifically...). Figure 3 A telescopic cantilever plate 10 (shown in the Y-axis direction) is positioned above the tested photovoltaic module 1. A vertical column 5 is fixedly connected to a column guide rail 401 on the top side of the first horizontal bar 51, and a height adjustment locking slider 4 is slidably connected to the column guide rail 401. The telescopic cantilever plate 10 can move up and down along the height direction of the column guide rail 401 via the height adjustment locking slider 4 (specifically...). Figure 3 (The Y-axis direction is shown).

[0034] Specifically, in order to achieve the aforementioned telescopic cantilever slab 10 moving up and down along the height direction of the column guide rail 401 (specifically... Figure 3 (In the Y-axis direction shown), the column guide rail 401 of this application has a toothed positioning groove 4011 on any side of the sliding assembly height adjustment locking slider 4. The height adjustment locking slider 4 is fixedly connected to a fixing plate 407. The fixing plate 407 has an assembly cavity 4071, a first assembly groove that communicates with the upper side of the assembly cavity 4071, and a second assembly groove that communicates with the side of the assembly cavity 4071. The fixing plate 407 is fixedly connected to a limiting pin 404, which is used to fix the height adjustment locking slider 4. Furthermore, such as Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the first mounting slot is for the unlocking operation lever 402 to pass through, and the second mounting slot is for the positioning locking pin 405 to pass through. The positioning locking pin 405 is adapted to the tooth shape of the toothed positioning groove 4011. One end of the positioning locking pin 405 is provided with a hinge part 4051, and the hinge part 4051 is provided with a hinge groove 4052. One end of the unlocking operation lever 402 is provided with a linkage hinge shaft 406, which passes through the hinge groove 4052. Thus, the unlocking operation lever 402 drives the hinge part 4051 through the linkage hinge shaft 406 to drive the positioning locking pin 405 to move horizontally, thereby controlling the disengagement and re-engagement of the positioning locking pin 405 with the toothed positioning groove 4011.

[0035] Preferably, the end of the positioning locking pin 405 away from the hinge portion 4051 is provided with a positioning head 4053, which is adapted to the tooth shape of the toothed positioning groove 4011; the hinge groove 4052 is an inclined groove that is inclined along the horizontal movement direction of the positioning locking pin 405. In addition, the positioning locking pin 405 is fitted with a return spring 403. The unlocking operation lever 402 drives the hinge portion 4051 through the linkage hinge shaft 406 to drive the positioning locking pin 405 to overcome the elastic force of the return spring 403 and move horizontally. In the specific implementation, the second assembly groove is designed as a stepped groove. When the positioning locking pin 405 overcomes the elastic force of the return spring 403 and moves horizontally, the positioning head 4053 retracts into the outermost first step. In addition, the internal cavity of the second assembly slot is provided with a second step, which is used to abut against the reset spring 403. When the locking pin 405 moves horizontally against the elastic force of the reset spring 403, the reset spring 403 can be compressed so that after the unlocking operation lever 402 is released, the elastic potential energy is released, pushing the positioning locking pin 405 to move in the opposite direction, so that the positioning head 4053 is re-embedded in the toothed positioning groove 4011, thus completing the locking of the current angle of the sunshade module.

[0036] Specifically, the working principle of the telescopic cantilever plate 10 moving up and down along the height direction of the column guide rail 401 in this application is as follows. For example... Figure 9 As shown, when the height of the telescopic cantilever plate 10 needs to be adjusted, the operator can press down the unlocking lever 402. The unlocking lever 402 moves downwards, causing the linkage hinge shaft 406, which is fixedly connected to it, to move within the hinge groove 4052. Since the hinge groove 4052 is inclined, the linkage hinge shaft 406 will drive the hinge portion 4051 of the positioning locking pin 405 to move horizontally away from the column guide rail 401. The positioning locking pin 405 overcomes the elastic force of the return spring 403 and contracts, causing its positioning head 4053 to disengage from the toothed positioning groove 4011 on the column guide rail 401, thus unlocking. Subsequently, as... Figure 10 As shown, the operator can push the telescopic cantilever plate 10 up and down along the column guide rail 401 to the required height. After reaching the target position, the unlocking operation lever 402 is released, and the reset spring 403 pushes the positioning locking pin 405 to reset under the action of elasticity. The positioning head 4053 is re-engaged in the toothed positioning groove 4011, thus completing the fixation of the height of the telescopic cantilever plate 10. The whole process is convenient to operate and can quickly and accurately adjust and lock the height of the cantilever sunshade component 2 to adapt to different sunshade test requirements.

[0037] In addition, the telescopic cantilever slab 10 described above can move along the width direction of the upper crossbeam 20. Specifically, as shown in the following example... Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the upper crossbeam 20 of this application is provided with an upper crossbeam slide rail 201, and the cantilevered sunshade assembly 2 also includes a cantilevered main slider 202. The cantilevered main slider 202 is slidably disposed on the upper crossbeam slide rail 201, and a telescopic cantilever plate 10 is installed at the end of the cantilevered main slider 202 away from the upper crossbeam slide rail 201. Further, a gearbox support 204 is installed at the end of the cantilevered main slider 202 away from the upper crossbeam slide rail 201, and the telescopic cantilever plate 10 is installed through the gearbox. The gearbox support 204 includes a base 2041 and an end 2042 fixedly connected to the base 2041. The base 2041 is used to support the installation of the telescopic cantilever plate 10; the length direction of the cantilevered main slider 202 (specifically...) Figure 3 The two ends of the end 2042 are fixedly connected to one end of the end 2042 (shown in the X-axis direction), and the other end of the end 2042 is fixedly connected to the base 2041. The output shaft 2031 of the dual-axis drive motor 203 is connected through the two end 2042s. The two ends of the output shaft 2031 are respectively provided with drive gears 205 and the drive gears 205 are set in the inner cavity of the end 2042. The telescopic cantilever plate 10 is provided with telescopic transmission racks 206 on both sides. The telescopic transmission racks 206 are meshed with the drive gears 205. The dual-axis drive motor 203 drives the output shaft 2031 to move the telescopic cantilever plate 10 along the width direction of the upper crossbeam 20.

[0038] Specifically, when it is necessary to adjust the position of the telescopic cantilever plate 10 along the width direction of the upper crossbeam 20, the dual-axis drive motor 203 starts, and its output shaft 2031 begins to rotate, driving the drive gears 205 at both ends to rotate synchronously. Since the drive gears 205 mesh with the telescopic transmission racks 206 on both sides of the telescopic cantilever plate 10, the rotation of the drive gears 205 is converted into the linear motion of the telescopic transmission racks 206, thereby driving the telescopic cantilever plate 10 to move along the direction of the upper crossbeam slide rail 201. The cantilever bearing main slider 202 provides stable support for the telescopic cantilever plate 10 throughout the process, ensuring that it does not shift or sway during movement. Through this structural design, the telescopic cantilever plate 10 can move flexibly along the width direction of the upper crossbeam 20, thereby allowing the position of the photovoltaic modules to be adjusted according to different test requirements to simulate the state of building cantilever and side rib shading in different scenarios. The base 2041 is used to support the installation of the telescopic cantilever plate 10. On the one hand, the telescopic cantilever plate 10 cannot be assembled without support, and on the other hand, it can make the telescopic cantilever plate 10 move smoothly during the above process.

[0039] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the device of this application also includes a side-rib shading component 3, which is disposed on one side of the test photovoltaic module 1. The side-rib shading component 3 is installed between the first crossbar 51 and the supporting base 6. The side-rib shading component 3 includes a foldable side rib plate 9. The side-rib shading component 3 can be translated left and right along the length direction of the first crossbar 51 (specifically...). Figure 3 (as shown in the X-axis direction) to adjust the horizontal distance between the side rib shading component 3 and the test photovoltaic component 1.

[0040] Specifically, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the first horizontal bar 51 and the supporting base 6 are respectively fixedly connected to the lower horizontal beam slide rail 301, and the two sides of the side rib shading component 3 are respectively slidably connected to the lower horizontal beam slide rail 301. Thus, the side rib shading component 3 can move stably horizontally along the lower horizontal beam slide rail 301. Through this sliding connection method, the horizontal distance between the side rib shading component 3 and the test photovoltaic module 1 can be precisely adjusted. In actual operation, the operator can push the side rib shading component 3 to slide on the slide rail according to different test scenario requirements, thereby changing its relative position with the test photovoltaic module 1. Furthermore, the folding side rib plate 9 extends along its length (specifically...) Figure 3 Side rib guide strips 303 are provided on both sides of the Z-axis direction shown. Side rib guide strips 303 are slidably connected to side rib guide sliders 302. Side rib guide sliders 302 are slidably connected to the lower crossbeam slide rail 301. Guide balls 304 are provided on one side of both ends of the folding side rib 9 along the length direction. Guide balls 304 are assembled in the mounting groove of side rib guide strips 303. Guide balls 304 are used for unfolding and folding the folding side rib 9.

[0041] The guide ball 304 is slidable within the assembly slot (one end of which is fixedly connected to one end of the folding side rib 9, while the remaining part is used for sliding within the assembly slot). When the folding side rib 9 is unfolded or retracted, the guide ball 304 can move smoothly along the trajectory of the assembly slot, ensuring that the side rib does not jam or shift during movement. This allows for precise control of the unfolding angle and retracting position of the side rib, further ensuring the accuracy and reliability of shading condition simulation during photovoltaic testing.

[0042] Example 2 Unlike Embodiment 1, this embodiment further provides an implementation step for actually conducting building photovoltaic shading performance testing using the device of this application. The details are as follows: Step 1: Use the swivel casters 8 to push the test device to an outdoor sunny location, adjust the orientation of the device to simulate a specific building facade orientation (such as due south, southwest, etc.), and then step on the brake to lock the device. Step 2: Adjust the test panel to the required installation tilt angle; Step 3: The operator operates the unlocking lever 402 of the locking slider corresponding to the vertical columns 5 on both sides to raise and lower the sunshade assembly to the preset relative height and lock it. Step 4: According to the test conditions, the operator manually slides the side rib sunshade component 3 left and right to set the spacing, and stretches the folded side rib plate 9 to the specified side rib width. Step 5: Control the dual-axis drive motor 203 to operate, and precisely push the telescopic cantilever plate 10 to the specified cantilever depth; Step Six: Turn on the data acquisition equipment such as the total radiation meter, IV characteristic tester, and temperature sensor to record the shadow distribution, back panel temperature evolution, and actual photovoltaic output data of the photovoltaic panel under the current multi-variable shading conditions; repeat the above steps by changing the variables to complete the comprehensive evaluation of multiple operating conditions.

[0043] Other aspects that are the same as in Example 1 will not be repeated in this example.

[0044] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0045] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic testing device simulating building cantilever and side rib shading, characterized in that, It includes a support base (6) and two vertical columns (5) vertically arranged on one side of the support base (6). A first crossbar (51) is fixedly connected between the two vertical columns (5). A height adjustment locking slider (4) is slidably connected to the top side of the first crossbar (51) of the two vertical columns (5). An upper crossbeam (20) is fixedly connected between the two height adjustment locking sliders (4). The photovoltaic module (1) is tested and installed between the first crossbar (51) and the support base (6); A cantilevered shading assembly (2) is disposed on the upper crossbeam (20). The cantilevered shading assembly (2) includes a telescopic cantilever plate (10) that moves along the width direction of the upper crossbeam (20). The telescopic cantilever plate (10) is disposed above the test photovoltaic module (1). A side rib shading component (3) is disposed on one side of the test photovoltaic module (1). The side rib shading component (3) is installed between the first crossbar (51) and the bearing base (6). The side rib shading component (3) includes a foldable side rib plate (9). The side rib shading component (3) is moved horizontally along the length direction of the first crossbar (51) to adjust the horizontal distance between the side rib shading component (3) and the test photovoltaic module (1).

2. The photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper crossbeam (20) is provided with an upper crossbeam slide rail (201), and the cantilevered sunshade assembly (2) also includes a cantilevered bearing main slider (202). The cantilevered bearing main slider (202) is slidably disposed on the upper crossbeam slide rail (201), and the telescopic cantilever plate (10) is installed at one end of the cantilevered bearing main slider (202) away from the upper crossbeam slide rail (201).

3. The photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading according to claim 2, characterized in that, A gearbox support (204) is installed at the end of the cantilevered main slider (202) away from the upper crossbeam slide rail (201). The gearbox support (204) includes a base (2041) and an end (2042) fixedly connected to the base (2041). The base (2041) is used to support the installation of the telescopic cantilever plate (10). The two sides of the cantilevered main slider (202) along its length are fixedly connected to one end of the end (2042), and the other end of the end (2042) is fixedly connected to the base (2041). The output shaft (2031) of a dual-axis drive motor (203) is connected through the two ends (2042). The two ends of the output shaft (2031) are respectively provided with drive gears (205), and the drive gears (205) are disposed in the inner cavity of the ends (2042). The telescopic cantilever plate (10) is provided with telescopic transmission racks (206) on both sides. The telescopic transmission racks (206) are meshed with the drive gear (205). The dual-axis drive motor (203) drives the output shaft (2031) to move the telescopic cantilever plate (10) along the width direction of the upper crossbeam (20).

4. The photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first crossbar (51) and the bearing base (6) are respectively fixedly connected to the lower crossbeam slide rail (301), and the two sides of the side rib sunshade assembly (3) are respectively slidably connected to the lower crossbeam slide rail (301).

5. A photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading according to claim 4, characterized in that, The foldable side rib (9) is provided with side rib guide strips (303) on both sides along the length direction. The side rib guide strips (303) are slidably connected to the side rib guide sliders (302). The side rib guide sliders (302) are slidably connected to the lower crossbeam slide rail (301). The foldable side rib (9) has guide balls (304) on one side at both ends along the length direction. The guide balls (304) are assembled in the mounting groove of the side rib guide strip (303). The guide balls (304) are used for the unfolding and folding of the foldable side rib (9).

6. The photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vertical column (5) is fixedly connected to the top side of the first horizontal bar (51) with a column guide rail (401), and the height adjustment locking slider (4) is slidably connected to the column guide rail (401).

7. A photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading according to claim 6, characterized in that, The column guide rail (401) is slidably assembled with the height adjustment locking slider (4) and has a toothed positioning groove (4011) on either side. The height adjustment locking slider (4) is fixedly connected to a fixing plate (407). The fixing plate (407) has an assembly cavity (4071), a first assembly groove that communicates with the upper side of the assembly cavity, and a second assembly groove that communicates with the side of the assembly cavity. The first assembly slot is for the unlocking operation lever (402) to pass through, and the second assembly slot is for the positioning locking pin (405) to pass through. The positioning locking pin (405) is adapted to the tooth shape of the toothed positioning groove (4011). One end of the positioning locking pin (405) is provided with a hinge part (4051), and the hinge part (4051) is provided with a hinge groove (4052). One end of the unlocking operation lever (402) is provided with a linkage hinge shaft (406), and the linkage hinge shaft (406) passes through the hinge groove (4052). The unlocking lever (402) drives the hinge part (4051) through the linkage hinge shaft (406) to drive the positioning locking pin (405) to move horizontally, thereby controlling the disengagement and re-engagement of the positioning locking pin (405) and the toothed positioning groove (4011).

8. A photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading according to claim 7, characterized in that, The positioning locking pin (405) has a positioning head (4053) at one end away from the hinge (4051), and the positioning head (4053) is adapted to the tooth shape of the toothed positioning groove (4011). The fixed plate (407) is fixedly connected to the limiting pin (404), which is used to fix the height adjustment locking slider (4); The hinge groove (4052) is an inclined groove that is inclined along the horizontal movement direction of the positioning locking pin (405).

9. A photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading according to claim 7, characterized in that, The positioning locking pin (405) is fitted with a reset spring (403). The unlocking operation rod (402) drives the hinge part (4051) through the linkage hinge shaft (406) to drive the positioning locking pin (405) to overcome the elastic force of the reset spring (403) and make horizontal displacement.

10. A photovoltaic testing device for simulating building cantilever and side rib shading according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the support base (6) is equipped with a caster (8) with a brake locking mechanism, which is used to drive the movement and steering of the support base (6). A diagonal bracing rib (7) is fixedly connected between the bearing base (6) and the outer side of the vertical column (5).

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