Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

One aspect of this disclosure relates to a terminal comprising: a receiving unit that receives setting information related to the measurement of at least one of a channel impulse response (CIR), a power delay profile (PDP), and a delay profile (DP), i.e., setting information including at least one parameter such as an additional path for AI-based positioning and a relative time difference; and a control unit that applies AI-based positioning model inference and performs measurements based on the setting information. According to one aspect of this disclosure, appropriate reporting related to AI / ML-based positioning can be performed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] In Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was standardized with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was standardized with the aim of further increasing capacity and improving upon LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] The development of successor systems to LTE is also underway (e.g., also known as the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+, the 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel.15 and later, etc.).

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Non-patent literature

[0006] Non-patent document 1: 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 Summary of the Invention

[0007] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0008] In future wireless communication systems, research is underway on AI-based localization. For example, research is being conducted on the measurement and reporting of channel impulse response (CIR), power delay profile (PDP), and delay profile (DP) by terminals (user terminals, user equipment).

[0009] However, details regarding the settings and reporting requirements for AI-based location services are unclear. This lack of clarity hinders the generation of appropriate reports related to AI / ML-based location services, raising concerns about reduced communication throughput.

[0010] Therefore, one of the purposes of this disclosure is to provide terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations capable of making appropriate reports related to AI / ML-based positioning.

[0011] Methods for solving problems

[0012] The terminal involved in one aspect of this disclosure is characterized by having: a receiving unit that receives setting information related to the measurement of at least one of channel impulse response (CIR), power delay profile (PDP), and delay profile (DP), i.e., setting information including at least one parameter of additional path for positioning based on artificial intelligence (AI) and relative time difference; and a control unit that applies AI-based positioning model reasoning to perform measurement based on the setting information.

[0013] Invention Effects

[0014] According to one method disclosed herein, appropriate reporting related to AI / ML-based positioning can be generated. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a framework for managing AI models.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of processing that uses an AI model.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of an AI model.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating NR-DL-TDOA-RequestLocationInformation.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating CommonIEsRequestLocationInformation.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating NR-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing CommonIEsProvideLocationInformation.

[0022] Figure 8 The information element (IE) NR-AdditionalPathList is displayed.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a graph showing the report mapping for the value k=0.

[0024] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the first example of the information element (IE) NR-AdditionalPathList in option 1.

[0025] Figure 11 This is a diagram showing the second example of the information element (IE) NR-AdditionalPathList in option 1.

[0026] Figure 12 This is a diagram showing an example of the information element (IE) NR-AdditionalPathList in option 2.

[0027] Figure 13 This is a diagram showing an example of the information element (IE) NR-AdditionalPathList in option 3.

[0028] Figure 14A This is a diagram showing examples of existing and new relative time differences in options 1 and 2. Figure 14B This is a diagram showing an example of the existing relative time difference and the new relative time difference in option 3.

[0029] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment.

[0030] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment.

[0031] Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0032] Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0033] Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0034] (Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology in Wireless Communication)

[0035] Regarding future wireless communication technologies, research is underway on the flexible application of AI technologies such as machine learning (ML) in the control and management of networks / devices.

[0036] For example, regarding future wireless communication technologies, research is underway on the flexible application of AI technologies to improve Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI) feedback (e.g., reduced overhead, improved accuracy, prediction), beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, prediction in the time / space domain), and location measurement (e.g., improved location estimation / prediction).

[0037] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a framework for managing an AI model. In this example, the stages associated with the AI ​​model are shown as blocks. This example is also represented as the lifecycle management of an AI model.

[0038] The data collection phase is equivalent to the phase of collecting data for the generation / updating of AI models. The data collection phase may also include data preparation (e.g., deciding which data to migrate for model training / inference), data migration (e.g., migrating data to entities performing model training / inference (e.g., UE, gNB), etc.).

[0039] In the model training phase, the model is trained based on the data transferred from the collection phase (training data). This phase may also include data preparation (e.g., implementation of data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model training / validation, model testing (e.g., confirming whether the trained model meets performance thresholds), model exchange (e.g., migration of models for distributed learning), model deployment / update (deploying / updating the model for the entity performing model inference), etc.

[0040] In the model inference phase, model inference is performed based on the data transferred from the collection phase (inference data). This phase may also include data preparation (e.g., implementation of data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model inference, model performance feedback (providing model performance feedback to the entities used for model training), and output (providing the model's output to the actors).

[0041] The Actor phase can also include action triggering (e.g., deciding whether to trigger an action on other entities), feedback (e.g., providing feedback on training data / inference data / performance feedback, etc.).

[0042] Furthermore, training models for mobility optimization, for example, can also be performed within the Network (NW) or gNodeB (gNB). In the former case, there are advantages in interoperability, large storage capacity, operator manageability, and model flexibility (feature engineering, etc.). In the latter case, there are advantages in terms of latency (no model updates required) and data exchange for model deployment. Inference for the aforementioned models can also be performed, for example, within the gNB.

[0043] Furthermore, the entities used for training / inference can vary depending on the use case.

[0044] For example, for AI-assisted beam management based on measurement reports, the OAM / gNB can perform model training, while the gNB performs model inference.

[0045] For AI-supported (assisted) UE-assisted positioning, it can also be that the Location Management Function (LMF) performs model training, and the LMF performs model inference.

[0046] For CSI feedback / channel estimation using an autoencoder, it is also possible to perform model training on OAM / gNB / UE and model inference (jointly) on gNB / UE.

[0047] For AI-assisted beam management based on beam measurement or AI-assisted UE positioning, the OAM / gNB / UE can perform model training, and the UE can perform model inference.

[0048] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the terminal (user terminal, user equipment (UE)) / base station (BS)) trains the ML model in training mode and implements the ML model in inference mode (also known as inference mode, reasoning mode, etc.). In inference mode, the accuracy of the ML model trained in training mode can also be validated.

[0049] In this disclosure, the UE / BS can also input channel state information, reference signal measurements, etc. into the ML model, and output high-precision channel state information / measurements / beam selection / location, future channel state information / radio link quality, etc.

[0050] Additionally, in this disclosure, AI can also be rewritten as an object (also referred to as an object, subject, data, function, program, etc.) having at least one of the following characteristics:

[0051] • Estimation based on observed or collected information

[0052] • Based on the selection of observed or collected information,

[0053] • Predictions based on observed or collected information.

[0054] In this disclosure, the object may also be a terminal, base station, or other device or equipment. Furthermore, in this disclosure, the object may also be equivalent to a program / model / entity operating within that device.

[0055] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the ML model can also be rewritten as an object having at least one of the following characteristics:

[0056] • By providing information (feeding), estimates are generated.

[0057] • By providing information, predict estimated values,

[0058] • By providing information, we can discover characteristics,

[0059] • By providing information, select an action.

[0060] Furthermore, in this disclosure, ML models, models, AI models, predictive analytics, predictive analytics models, etc., can be rewritten interchangeably. Additionally, ML models can be derived using at least one of regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machines, random forests, neural networks, deep learning, etc. In this disclosure, models can also be rewritten as at least one of encoders, decoders, tools, etc.

[0061] ML models can also output at least one of the following information based on the input information: estimated value, predicted value, selected operation, classification, etc.

[0062] ML models can also include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. Supervised learning can be used to learn general rules that map inputs to outputs. Unsupervised learning can be used to learn features of data. Reinforcement learning can be used to learn operations that maximize a goal.

[0063] In this disclosure, terms such as generation, calculation, and derivation can be rewritten interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as implementation, operation, execution, and execution can also be rewritten interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as training, learning, updating, and retraining can also be rewritten interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as inference, after-training, formal utilization, and actual utilization can also be rewritten interchangeably. Signals can also be rewritten interchangeably with signals / channels.

[0064] In this disclosure, the training mode can also be equivalent to the mode in which the UE / BS sends / receives signals for the ML model (in other words, the operating mode during training). In this disclosure, the inference mode can also be equivalent to the mode in which the UE / BS implements the ML model (e.g., implements the trained ML model to predict the output) (in other words, the operating mode during inference).

[0065] In this disclosure, a training mode may also refer to a mode that sends a particular signal with high overhead (e.g., high resource consumption) to a specific signal sent in the inference mode.

[0066] In this disclosure, the training mode may also refer to a mode that references a first setting (e.g., a first DMRS setting, a first CSI-RS setting, a first CSI report setting). In this disclosure, the inference mode may also refer to a mode that references a second setting different from the first setting (e.g., a second DMRS setting, a second CSI-RS setting, a second CSI report setting). Compared to the second setting, the first setting may also include more settings for at least one of the measurement-related time resources, frequency resources, code resources, and ports (antenna ports). Additionally, for example, the CSI report setting may include settings related to the autoencoder.

[0067] (AI model)

[0068] In this disclosure, AI model information may also refer to information that includes at least one of the following:

[0069] • Input / output information of the AI ​​model

[0070] • Information used for preprocessing / postprocessing of inputs / outputs in AI models

[0071] Information about the parameters of the AI ​​model,

[0072] • Training information used for AI models (training information)

[0073] • Inference information used in AI models

[0074] • Performance information related to the AI ​​model.

[0075] Here, the input / output information of the above AI model may also include at least one of the following related information:

[0076] • The content of input / output data (e.g., RSRP, SINR, amplitude / phase information in the channel matrix (or precoding matrix), information related to the Angle of Arrival (AoA), information related to the Angle of Departure (AoD), location information),

[0077] • The type of input / output data (e.g., immutable value, floating-point number).

[0078] • Quantization interval of input / output data (quantization step size) (e.g., 1 dBm for L1-RSRP)

[0079] • The range of input / output data that can be taken (e.g., [0, 1]).

[0080] Additionally, in this disclosure, information related to AoA may also include information related to at least one of the azimuth angle of arrival and the zenith angle of arrival (ZoA). Furthermore, information related to AoD may, for example, include information related to at least one of the azimuth angle of depature and the zenith angle of departure (ZoD).

[0081] In this disclosure, location information can also be location information related to the UE / NW. Location information may also include at least one of the following: information obtained using a positioning system (e.g., satellite positioning systems such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), etc.) (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude); information of adjacent (or serving) base stations to the UE (e.g., base station / cell identifier (ID)), distance between BS and UE, direction / angle of the BS (UE) as observed from the UE (BS), coordinates of the BS (UE) as observed from the UE (BS) (e.g., X / Y / Z axis coordinates), etc.); and a specific address of the UE (e.g., Internet Protocol (IP) address). The UE's location information is not limited to information based on the location of the BS, but may also be information based on a specific point.

[0082] Location information can also include implementation-related information (e.g., antenna location / position / orientation, antenna panel location / orientation, number of antennas, number of antenna panels, etc.).

[0083] Location information may also include mobility information. Mobility information may also include at least one of the following: information indicating the type of mobility, the UE's moving speed, the UE's acceleration, and the UE's moving direction.

[0084] Here, the mobility type can also be equivalent to at least one of the following: fixed location UE, movable / moving UE, no mobility UE, low mobility UE, middle mobility UE, high mobility UE, cell-edge UE, and not-cell-edge UE.

[0085] The preprocessing / postprocessing information used for the input / output of the aforementioned AI model may also include at least one of the following related information:

[0086] • Whether to apply normalization (e.g., Z-score normalization, min-max normalization),

[0087] • Parameters used for normalization (e.g., mean / variance for Z-score normalization, minimum / maximum for minimum-maximum normalization),

[0088] • Whether to apply specific numerical transformation methods (e.g., one-hot encoding, label encoding, etc.)

[0089] • Rules for selecting whether to use it as training data.

[0090] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of processing using an AI model. For instance, Z-score normalization could also be performed on the input information x (original input values) as preprocessing (x...). new = (x - μ) / σ. Here, μ is the mean of x and σ is the standard deviation. The normalization of the input information x is then completed. new Normalized input values ​​can be input into the AI ​​model, or the output y from the AI ​​model can be processed. out The output values ​​are post-processed to obtain the final output y (post-processed output values).

[0091] The parameters of the aforementioned AI model may also include information related to at least one of the following:

[0092] • Information about weights (e.g., the coefficients of neurons (association coefficients)) in AI models,

[0093] • AI model structure

[0094] • Types of AI models that serve as model components (e.g., Residual Network (ResNet), Dense Network (DenseNet), RefineNet, Transformer model, CR Block (CRBlock), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU))

[0095] • The functionality of the AI ​​model as a model component (e.g., decoder, encoder).

[0096] In addition, the weight information in the aforementioned AI model may also include at least one of the following related information:

[0097] • Bit width (size) of weight information

[0098] • Quantization interval of weight information

[0099] • The range of available weight information

[0100] The parameters of the weights in the AI ​​model

[0101] • Information from the difference between the previous and updated AI models (in the updated case).

[0102] • Weight initialization methods (e.g., zero initialization, random initialization (based on normal / uniform / truncated normal distribution), Xavier initialization (for sigmoid function), He initialization (for rectified linear units (ReLU))).

[0103] In addition, the structure of the aforementioned AI model may also include information related to at least one of the following:

[0104] Number of floors

[0105] • Layer type (e.g., convolutional layer, activation layer, dense layer, normalization layer, pooling layer, attention layer).

[0106] Layer information

[0107] • Parameters specific to time series (e.g., bidirectionality, time steps).

[0108] • Parameters used for training (e.g., the type of feature (L2 regularization, dropout feature, etc.) and where (e.g., after which layer) the feature is set).

[0109] The aforementioned layer information may also include information related to at least one of the following:

[0110] • The number of neurons in each layer

[0111] Kernel size,

[0112] • Stride size used for pooling / convolutional layers

[0113] • Pooling methods (MaxPooling, AveragePooling, etc.)

[0114] Information about residual blocks

[0115] ·Number of heads

[0116] Normalization methods (batch normalization, instance normalization, layer normalization, etc.)

[0117] • Activation functions (sigmoid, tanh function, ReLU, information from Leaky ReLU, Maxout, Softmax).

[0118] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of an AI model. This example shows an AI model that includes a ResNet as model component #1, a Transformer model as model component #2, dense layers, and normalization layers. Thus, an AI model can also be included as a component of other AI models. Furthermore, Figure 3 It can also be an AI model that is processed from left to right.

[0119] The training information used for the AI ​​model described above may also include information related to at least one of the following:

[0120] • Information used in optimization algorithms (e.g., the type of optimization (Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)), AdaGrad, Adam, etc.), optimization parameters (learning rate, momentum information, etc.).

[0121] • Information about the loss function (e.g., information related to the metrics of the loss function (Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE), Cross-Entropy Loss, NLLLoss, KL Divergence, etc.)).

[0122] • Parameters that should be frozen for training purposes (e.g., layers, weights).

[0123] • Parameters that should be updated (e.g., layer, weights)

[0124] • These should be the initial parameters used for training (the parameters used as initial parameters, e.g., layers, weights).

[0125] • Training / updating methods for AI models (e.g., (recommended) number of epochs, batch size, number of data used in training).

[0126] The inference information used for the aforementioned AI model may also include information related to decision tree pruning, parameter quantization, and other related matters.

[0127] The performance information related to the AI ​​model mentioned above may also include information related to the expected value of the loss function defined for the AI ​​model.

[0128] AI model information associated with a specific AI model can be predetermined in the standard or notified to the UE from the network (NW). The AI ​​model specified in the standard can also be referred to as a reference AI model. AI model information associated with the reference AI model can also be referred to as reference AI model information.

[0129] Furthermore, the AI ​​model information in this disclosure may also include an index for determining the AI ​​model (e.g., it may also be referred to as an AI model index). The AI ​​model information in this disclosure may also include an AI model index, based on or replacing the aforementioned AI model input / output information. The association between the AI ​​model index and the AI ​​model information (e.g., the AI ​​model input / output information) may also be predetermined in the standard or notified to the UE from the NW.

[0130] (Various measurements based on UE)

[0131] The measurement capabilities of a UE related to positioning that relies on New Radio Radio Access Technology (NRRAT) include the following.

[0132] ·SS / CSI-RSRP / RSRQ.

[0133] ·SS / CSI-SINR.

[0134] •SRS-RSRP.

[0135] • Cross Link Interference (CLI) - Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)

[0136] RSSI.

[0137] ·DL PRS-RSRP.

[0138] • DL Reference signal time difference (RSTD)

[0139] • The time difference between receiving and transmitting for the UE (Rx-Tx time difference).

[0140] •DL PRS - Reference signal received path power (RSRPP)

[0141] Phase-correlated DL / UL measurements are specified in Rel.18 NR positioning and are considered candidates for intermediate values ​​of inference inputs or outputs for AI-based positioning. For example, DL RSCP, DL RSCPD, and UL RSCP are specified as follows.

[0142] Downlink reference signal carrier phase (DLRSCP)

[0143] The DL RSCP for the i-th path is defined as the phase of the channel response under the i-th path delay, obtained from the resource elements of the DL PRS set for measurement. The DL RSCP is associated with the center frequency of the DL positioning frequency layer (PFL) set for measurement. In frequency range 1 (FR1), the reference point of the DL RSCP is set to the UE's antenna connector. In frequency range 2 (FR2), the reference point of the DL RSCP is set to the UE's antenna. The DL RSCP can be applied in RRC connected state (RRC_CONNECTED), RRC inactive state (RRC_INACTIVE), or RRC idle state (RRC_IDLE).

[0144] Downlink reference signal carrier phase difference (DL RSCPD)

[0145] RSCPD is defined as the difference between the DL RSCP measured from transmission point (TP) j and the DL RSCP from reference TPi, based on the DL PRS transmitted on the DL PFL. When the UE reports the RSCPD measurement along with the RSTD measurement in the measurement report element, the reference TP for RSCPD is the same as the reference TP reported for RSTD. In frequency range 1 (FR1), the reference point for DL ​​RSCPD is set to the UE's antenna connector. In frequency range 2 (FR2), the reference point for DL ​​RSCPD is set to the UE's antenna. DL RSCPD can be applied in RRC connected (RRC_CONNECTED), RRC inactive (RRC_INACTIVE), or RRC idle (RRC_IDLE) states.

[0146] <Uplink reference signal carrier phase (ULRSCP)>

[0147] The UL RSCP for the i-th path is defined as: the phase of the channel response under the i-th path delay, obtained from the resource element of the probe reference signal (SRS) set for measurement. The UL RSCP is associated with the center frequency of the transmission bandwidth of the positioning SRS set for measurement.

[0148] The reference point for UL RSCP is as follows:

[0149] • In the case of a Type 1-C base station, the connector for the receiving antenna,

[0150] • In the case of type 1-O or 2-O base stations, the receiving antenna (i.e., the center position of the transmitting area of ​​the receiving antenna).

[0151] • In the case of a type 1-H base station, use the transceiver array boundary connector.

[0152] <Information elements related to location>

[0153] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates NR-DL-TDOA-RequestLocationInformation. NR-DL-TDOA-RequestLocationInformation is used by the location server to request NR downlink time difference of arrival (DL TDOA) location measurements from the target device. For example, NR-DL-TDOA-RequestLocationInformation is used when the Location Management Function (LMF) requests positioning measurements from the UE using different positioning methods. Figure 4 The parameters in NR-DL-TDOA-RequestLocationInformation-r16 are used when the LMF requests measurement (location) from the UE.

[0154] Figure 5This is a diagram illustrating the CommonIEsRequestLocationInformation. CommonIEsRequestLocationInformation carries a Common Information Element (IE) of the LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message type, requesting location information. CommonIEsRequestLocationInformation is used by the LMF to request common information associated with location estimation from the UE. For example, regardless of the positioning method, Figure 5 The parameters within the dashed lines are public information requested by the LMF from the UE.

[0155] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating NR-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation. NR-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation is used by the target device to provide NR DL TDOA measurement values ​​to the location server. For example, NR-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation is used by the UE to provide location measurements for different positioning methods to the LMF. Figure 6 The parameters within the dashed line are used for reporting DL TDOA measurements from the UE to the LMF.

[0156] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating CommonIEsProvideLocationInformation. CommonIEsProvideLocationInformation carries location information and provides common information elements (IEs) of the LPP message type. CommonIEsProvideLocationInformation is used, for example, by the UE to provide common information associated with location estimation to the LMF.

[0157] (Input information source used for model inference)

[0158] The input information used for model reasoning may also include at least one of the information shown below (1) and (2).

[0159] (1) Information related to UE measurement.

[0160] This information may also include channel information measured by the UE (e.g., Channel Impulse Response (CIR), Channel Feedback Report (CFR), Power Delay Profile (PDP), etc.). Furthermore, this information may also include UE measurements of the PRS. Information related to these UE measurements can also be sent from the UE to the LMF via higher-layer signaling.

[0161] (2) Information related to the indication of NW (gNB / LMF).

[0162] The UE can also receive this information from the NW via higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling. Furthermore, for virtual location prediction based on AI / ML models, a large amount of information related to UE measurements (e.g., RSTD / Rx-Tx time difference / ToA, etc.) can be used as model input. This input information can also be generated / indicated by the NW, unlike UE measurements. Thus, instead of UE measurements, information generated / indicated on the NW side can be used as model input (e.g., for training). That is, UE measurements can be reduced to alleviate UE load.

[0163] (Channel impulse response (CIR))

[0164] CIR can also refer to parameters representing the coefficients (e.g., amplitude / phase) of each time-domain sample / antenna port. The impulse response of a wireless propagation channel consists of multipath components, and its local average time and angle characteristics can be obtained from large-scale and small-scale parameters.

[0165] The so-called large-scale parameters usually represent azimuth spread (AS), root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread, shadow fading (SF) and Rician K-factor. However, since the directivity of azimuth and elevation angles is expected in future millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems based on multi-antenna arrays, it is necessary to extend the parameters to also include zenith (i.e. elevation) spread.

[0166] The so-called small-scale parameters refer to the parameters of individual multipath component characteristics such as path delay, angle of arrival, and departure angle.

[0167] (CIR / PDP Report)

[0168] When the UE sends a CIR / PDP report, at least one of the following options may also be applied.

[0169] Option 1

[0170] The UE can also directly send the CIR / PDP structure elements of multiple paths for each measurement time instance.

[0171] Option 2

[0172] The UE can also report differential values ​​of information within the CIR / PDP structure elements. In this case, options 2-1 / 2-2 can also be applied, for example.

[0173] Option 2-1

[0174] The UE can also report information within the CIR / PDP structure element of the reference antenna port for each measurement time instance, as well as the difference between the information within the CIR / PDP structure element of the reference antenna port for each measurement time instance and the information within the CIR / PDP structure element of each antenna port. The reference antenna port can be predefined (e.g., the initial path of arrival) or can be implemented based on the UE.

[0175] Option 2-2

[0176] The UE can also transmit information from the structure elements of the CIR / PDP for multiple antenna ports at the reference measurement time, as well as the difference between the information from the structure elements of the CIR / PDP for multiple antenna ports related to the reference measurement time and the information from the structure elements of the CIR / PDP for each measurement time. The reference measurement time can also be predefined, set via NW, or set by the UE.

[0177] Options 2-3

[0178] The UE can also report information within the CIR / PDP structure element of the reference antenna port for the reference measurement time, as well as information about each path for each measurement time related to the reference antenna port and the reference measurement time, and the difference between this information and the information within the CIR / PDP structure element of each measurement time and each reference antenna port. In option 2-3, the reference path / reference measurement time can also be the same as in options 2-1 / 2-2.

[0179] In options 2-1 / 2-2 / 2-3, the antenna port / measurement time can also be rewritten as sub-band / angle / delay time. In options 2-1 / 2-2 / 2-3, since the UE reports differential values ​​instead of absolute values, signal overhead can be reduced.

[0180] (Applications to AI-based positioning model reasoning)

[0181] The UE / gNB can also receive setting / instruction information related to the measurement of Channel Impulse Response (CIR) / Power Delay Profile (PDP) / Delay Profile (DP), apply AI-based positioning model inference, and send the measurement results to the LMF based on the received setting / instruction information. Details regarding the content sent will be described later (1-1, 1-2).

[0182] The UE / gNB can also measure CIR / PDP / DP, apply AI / ML-based positioning model inference, and send the measurement results (or the output of the AI ​​model) to the LMF. For example, the UE / gNB can also use at least one of the following A~C as... Figure 2 The input information x (original input values) is used, and the final output y (post-processed output values) is sent to LMF.

[0183] <1-1>

[0184] The UE can also measure CIR / PDP / DP, apply AI / ML-based positioning model inference, and send the measurement results (or the output of the AI ​​model) to the LMF.

[0185] CIR can be represented by a measurement report that includes timing, power, and phase information of the channel response. The CIR-related report (measurement results) may also include at least one of the following types: A (timing information), B (power information), and C (phase information).

[0186] PDP can be represented by a measurement report that includes timing information and power information of the channel response. The report (measurement result) related to PDP may also include at least one of the information of type A (timing information) and type B (power information) described later.

[0187] DP can be represented by a measurement report that includes timing information of the channel response. DP-related reports (measurement results) may also include at least one type A (timing information) of information.

[0188] (A) Timing Information

[0189] •DL RSTD measurement value.

[0190] • UE receive-transmit time difference measurement.

[0191] • UE receive timing error group (TEG) ID used for DL ​​RSTD measurement.

[0192] • UE receive TEG ID, UE transmit TEG ID, and UE receive / transmit TEG ID associated with UE receive-transmit time difference measurement.

[0193] • Arrival time information of DL PRS.

[0194] ·Relative arrival time information of DL PRS.

[0195] (B) Power Information

[0196] • DL-PRS-RSRP measurement value.

[0197] • DL-PRS-RSRPP measurement value.

[0198] ·SS-RSRP / RSRQ.

[0199] •CSI-RSRP / RSRQ.

[0200] ·SS / CSI-SINR.

[0201] RSSI.

[0202] (C) Phase Information

[0203] • DL-PRS receiver beam index.

[0204] • Arrival / departure angle (azimuth / elevation).

[0205] • DL reference signal carrier phase.

[0206] • DL reference signal carrier phase difference.

[0207] The UE can also report the above A~C information per path / per sample / per time instance / per antenna port / per sub-band / per angle.

[0208] <1-2>

[0209] The base station (gNB) can also measure CIR / PDP / DP, apply AI / ML-based positioning model inference, and send the measurement results (the output of the AI ​​model) to the LMF. CIR can also contain at least one of the following types: A (timing information), B (power information), and C (phase information). PDP can also contain at least one of the following types: A (timing information) and B (power information). DP can also contain at least one of the following types: A (timing information).

[0210] (A) Timing Information

[0211] •UL - Relative Time of Arrival (RTOA)

[0212] • gNB receive-transmit time difference measurement.

[0213] • Timing Advance.

[0214] • Arrival time information of UL SRS.

[0215] (B) Power Information

[0216] ·UL-SRS-RSRP.

[0217] ·UL-SRS-RSRPP.

[0218] ·SS-RSRP / RSRQ.

[0219] •CSI-RSRP / RSRQ.

[0220] RSSI.

[0221] SINR.

[0222] (C) Phase Information

[0223] Spatial orientation information of DL-PRS resources.

[0224] • UL AoA (azimuth / elevation).

[0225] • Multiple UL AoA (azimuth / elevation).

[0226] • Measured beam information.

[0227] • UL reference signal carrier phase.

[0228] The UE can also report the information above A~C by each path / each sample / each time instance / each measurement / each antenna port / each sub-band / each angle.

[0229] (Add path)

[0230] Figure 8 The Information Element (IE) NR-AdditionalPathList is shown. The Information Element (IE) NR-AdditionalPathList is used by the target device to provide information about additional paths associated with the Time of Arrival (TOA) measurement related to NR positioning, in the form of relative time differences and quality values. The Additional Path nr-RelativeTimeDifference is the timing of the detection path relative to the timing of the detection path used for the TOA value, and each additional path can be associated with a quality value nr-PathQuality.

[0231] For example, the reporting range of the additional path report for RSTD measurements is 2. k ×T c The resolution step size is defined as -8175×T c Up to 8175×T c The range.

[0232] Regarding the timing of determining the path for RSTD measurement, the UE can report the timing of up to two additional paths. For UEs supporting the additional path-related UE capability (additionalPathsExtSupport-r17), the timing of determining the path for RSTD measurement can be reported up to the number of additional paths required for that UE capability. Different reporting mappings for k=0 values ​​can also be implemented as follows... Figure 9 That's the regulation.

[0233] (Sampling period)

[0234] For AI localization, new sampling periods are being investigated. Existing reporting formats cannot provide the fine-grained time granularity required for AI localization, therefore a new reporting format is preferred. As the reporting granularity becomes finer, the overhead increases if an appropriate reporting format is not defined. For example, the maximum granularity used for evaluation is 8.14 nanoseconds.

[0235] For example, the sampling periods of 16 sources are studied as follows.

[0236] Sampling period = 1 / (N) f ×△f). In the case of FR1, the sampling period = 1 / (4096 × 30) = 8.14 (ns), where N f The value is 4096, and Δf is the subcarrier spacing of 30kHz.

[0237] With a single source, we are exploring setting the sampling period to 4.069 ns.

[0238] (analyze)

[0239] As mentioned above, artificial intelligence (AI)-based localization is being researched in future wireless communication systems. For example, research is underway on the measurement / reporting of channel impulse response (CIR), power delay profile (PDP), and delay profile (DP) by terminals (user terminals, user equipment).

[0240] However, details regarding the settings and reporting requirements for AI-based location services are unclear. This lack of clarity hinders the generation of appropriate reports related to AI / ML-based location services, raising concerns about reduced communication throughput.

[0241] For example, regarding time-domain information, the UE can investigate both sample-based and path-based measurements. While sample-based measurements offer the potential for high measurement granularity, they are costly. On the other hand, path-based measurements can reuse current RSRP / RSRPP reporting formats with low cost. The cost of sample-based measurements can potentially be greater than that of path-based measurements. Therefore, it is preferable to investigate new setup / reporting formats for sample-based measurements.

[0242] Therefore, the inventors of this invention have conceived of a method for generating appropriate reports related to AI / ML-based localization.

[0243] (Various interpretations)

[0244] In this disclosure, terms enclosed in parentheses "()" may also indicate explanations of the preceding term (e.g., explanations of spelling), rewrites, specific examples, supplementary explanations, etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms enclosed in square brackets "[]" may be included in the meaning of the entire article, or may be excluded (ignored) while still indicating the meaning of the entire article. Additionally, "()" and "[]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than these.

[0245] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be rewritten as each other. In addition, in this disclosure, "A / B / C" may also mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0246] In this disclosure, terms such as notification, activation, deactivation, indication (or indication), selection, configuration, update, and determination can be overridden. Similarly, terms such as support, control, ability to control, operation, and ability to operate can also be overridden.

[0247] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-level parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., can also be modified interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) elements (MAC ControlElement (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., can also be modified interchangeably.

[0248] In this disclosure, higher-layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages, such as NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) messages), or combinations thereof.

[0249] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may also use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MACCE) or a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU). Broadcast information may also be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), a Minimum System Information (Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI)), or Other System Information (OSI).

[0250] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may also be, for example, downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.

[0251] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference can be interchanged. Furthermore, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer can also be interchanged.

[0252] In this disclosure, positioning (measuring) can be interchanged with location determination, location estimation, and location prediction. In this disclosure, KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) and performance metrics can also be interchanged. In this disclosure, performance metric calculation, model monitoring, and performance monitoring can also be interchanged.

[0253] In the following embodiments, the associated subject is UE / gNB / LMF to illustrate the AI ​​model related to communication between UE / gNB / LMF, but the application of the embodiments of this disclosure is not limited to this. For example, for communication between other subjects (e.g., UE-UE communication), the UE / gNB / LMF in the following embodiments can also be rewritten as a first UE, a second UE, a third UE, etc. In other words, the UE / gNB / LMF of this disclosure can be rewritten as any UE / gNB / LMF. In addition, NW / Base Station (BS) / gNB / LMF / TRP can also be rewritten to each other.

[0254] In this disclosure, antenna ports, sub-bands, angles, and time delays can also be modified. In this disclosure, NW, base station, gNB, and LMF can also be modified. LMF can also be modified to refer to a device (server, etc.) that implements LMF.

[0255] In this disclosure, encoder, encoding, encoding / encoded, encoder-based modification / change / control, compression, compression / compressed, generating, and generating / generated can also be rewritten in different ways.

[0256] In this disclosure, timing, moment, time, time instance, time slot, sub-time slot, code element, subframe, etc., can also be rewritten to each other.

[0257] In this disclosure, "based on sample" and "by each sample" can be rewritten interchangeably. "Sample" and "sampling" can also be rewritten interchangeably. "Based on path" and "by each path" can also be rewritten interchangeably. "Positioning," "measurement," and "reporting" can also be rewritten interchangeably. In this disclosure, "information element" (IE) and "parameter" can also be rewritten interchangeably.

[0258] (Wireless communication method)

[0259] The UE can also receive setting information related to at least one of the following measurements: channel impulse response (CIR), power delay profile (PDP), and delay profile (DP). That is, setting information including at least one parameter such as an additional path for artificial intelligence (AI)-based positioning and relative time difference. The UE can apply AI-based positioning model inference, perform measurements based on the setting information, and send the measurement results to the Location Management Function (LMF).

[0260] This disclosure can also be applied to all LCM processes that require CIR / PDP / DP or associated timing / power / phase information (e.g., model inference, performance monitoring, model training, model updates, etc.).

[0261] <Empirical Implementation>

[0262] The new IE (Interceptor Parameter) for reporting sample-based measurements is described. The UE / gNB can report timing associated with CIR / PDP / DP, etc. The new IE may also include parameters for at least one of the following options. The application of each option can be switched / set via RRC / MAC CE / DCI / LPP messages / NRPPa messages. The new IE / parameters (e.g., parameters (XXXXX-r19) used in Rel.19) can also be parameters used for AI-based positioning.

[0263] Option 1: Rel.19-specific parameters for additional path / relative time difference (NR-AdditionalPath / nr-RelativeTimeDifference). This method is the simplest, and you can also set the actual value used and the reserved value according to the size / granularity of the report.

[0264] Option 2: A new value for k in the current relative time difference parameter (nr-RelativeTimeDifference). In this case, there are no useless bits and the impact on the specification is minimal.

[0265] Option 3: For more detailed values, the IE can also be set separately. For example, the parameters for appending path / relative time difference can be set independently. In this case, the current NR-AdditionalPath / nr-RelativeTimeDifference can be reused as much as possible.

[0266] Timing information can also be power / phase information and pair information. For example, at least one of the following options 1 and 2 can also be applied.

[0267] Option 1: Timing information and power / phase information can also be reported simultaneously (e.g., within NR-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation / NR-AdditionalPathList).

[0268] Option 2: Timing information and power / phase information are associated via flags / indicators / others.

[0269] The UE may also receive at least one of the following instructions / settings from the NW (e.g., gNB, LMF).

[0270] • Whether the measurement is used for AI / ML-based localization.

[0271] • Is it a sample-based measurement or a path-based measurement?

[0272] All or part of the information contained in the new IE (e.g., sampling period / number of samples / reference time) can be set by the NW or requested by the UE.

[0273] <<Examples of New IE>>

[0274] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the first example of the information element (IE) NR-AdditionalPathList in option 1. The dashed line indicates the difference from the existing IE ( Figure 8 The difference. Figure 10 In this update, a parameter for relative time difference (nr-RelativeTimeDifference-r19) specifically for Rel.19 has been added. As a relative time difference, it can also be set to different values ​​for each k, just like the existing parameters.

[0275] Figure 11 This is a diagram showing the second example of the information element (IE) NR-AdditionalPathList in option 1. The dashed line indicates the difference from the existing IE ( Figure 8 The difference. Figure 11In this update, a Rel.19-specific relative time difference parameter (nr-RelativeTimeDifference-r19) has been added to the Rel.19-specific additional path parameter (NR-AdditionalPath-r19). As an additional path, it can also be set with different values ​​for each k, just like the existing parameters. Furthermore, although NR-AdditionalPath-r16 has been removed, it can still be used with... Figure 8 It also includes NR-AdditionalPath-r16.

[0276] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the information element (IE) NR-AdditionalPathList in option 2. The dashed lines indicate differences from existing IE ( Figure 8 The difference. Figure 12 In this context, the parameter for relative time difference (nr-RelativeTimeDifference) is supplemented with a new relative time difference corresponding to a new k value specific to Rel.19. Figure 12 In this context, although a relative time difference of k=6 was added, relative time differences of other k values ​​can also be added.

[0277] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the information element (IE) NR-AdditionalPathList in option 3. The dashed lines indicate differences from existing IE ( Figure 8 The difference. Figure 13 In addition, a parameter for relative time difference (nr-RelativeTimeDifferenceExt-r19) specifically for Rel.19 has been added. Figure 13 Although IE is similar to Figure 10 They are the same, but the granularity of the relative time difference is different (described later). Figure 14B ).

[0278] Figure 14A This is a graph showing examples of existing and new relative time differences in options 1 and 2. Figure 14A In this context, the total time (time range) of the existing relative time difference (nr-RelativeTimeDifference-r16) and the new relative time difference (nr-RelativeTimeDifference-r19) is the same, but the granularity is different.

[0279] Figure 14B This is a graph illustrating an example of the existing relative time difference and the new relative time difference in Option 3. Figure 14BIn this context, a finer-grained relative time difference (nr-RelativeTimeDifference-r19) is defined for any one (or more) time intervals within the existing relative time differences (nr-RelativeTimeDifference-r16).

[0280] <First Implementation>

[0281] The UE may also receive a first setting / instruction (e.g., sampling period) from the NW (e.g., gNB, LMF) indicating the granularity of sample-based measurement / reporting, and implement sample-based measurement / reporting using a coarser granularity. The UE may also receive a second setting / instruction with coarser granularity from the NW, or may choose not to receive the second setting / instruction and determine the coarser granularity independently. The granularity may also be a time / frequency granularity corresponding to the positioning / measurement / reporting.

[0282] The granularity of measurement and the granularity of reporting can also be separate (or different). The UE can also be instructed via NW (e.g., gNB, LMF) to perform sample-based measurements based on either the sampling period (FFT size) or a relaxed (coarse) granularity. For example, with a sampling Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) size of 4096 and a Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) of 30 kHz, the UE can also apply a reporting granularity and a granularity corresponding to an FFT size of 2048 and an SCS of 15 kHz.

[0283] The UE can also receive settings / instructions for the granularity of measurement / reporting via the NW (gNB, LMF, etc.). The UE can also report rounded measurement results according to the required accuracy conditions, or this can be indicated via the NW (gNB, LMF, etc.). Regarding measurement results, rounding can be performed using any of the following options. The rounding method can also be reported by the UE, or indicated for reporting by the NW.

[0284] Option 1: Round down.

[0285] Option 2: Round up.

[0286] Option 3: Most recent time slot / System Frame Number (SFN) / symbol / other timing.

[0287] <Second Implementation>

[0288] The UE can also receive the difference between the report and other measurement / report values ​​(e.g., measurement / report values ​​at specific times) from the NW (gNB, LMF, etc.) as a setting / indication for the measurement result, or it can send the difference between the report and other measurement / report values ​​as the measurement result. This allows for the reduction of overhead while maintaining the reporting granularity (i.e., positioning accuracy).

[0289] Other measurements can also be any of the following options.

[0290] Option 1: Previous measurement / reported value.

[0291] Option 2: Recent SFN / time slot / symbol measurements, etc. In this case, the UE can also report not only the differential value, but also the most recent SFN / time slot / symbol measurements, etc.

[0292] Option 3: Refer to the measurements of SFN / time slot / symbol, etc.

[0293] Option 4: The difference between the value set / indicated and the value indicated.

[0294] Option 5: The average of measured / reported values ​​over a specific period.

[0295] <Supplement>

[0296] <<Information Notification to UE>>

[0297] In the above embodiments, any information [notification from the network (NW) (e.g., base station (BS))] to the UE (in other words, the reception of any information from the BS in the UE) can also be delivered using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signals), or combinations thereof.

[0298] In the case where the above notification is made via MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) that is not specified in the existing standard in the MAC subheader.

[0299] When the above notification is made through a DCI, the notification can also be made through specific fields of the DCI, the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used in the scrambling of the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0300] Furthermore, the notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments can also be carried out periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0301] <<Notification of Information from UE>>

[0302] The notification of arbitrary information from the UE to the NW (in other words, the transmission / reporting of arbitrary information from the UE to the BS) in the above embodiments can also be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or combinations thereof.

[0303] In the case where the above notification is made via MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new LCID in the MAC subheader that is not specified in the existing standard.

[0304] In cases where the above notification is sent via UCI, the above notification may also be sent using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0305] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above embodiments can also be carried out periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0306] <<Application of Each Implementation Method>>

[0307] In the UE / BS, a specific processing / operation / control / conception / information for at least one of the above-described implementations may also be applied (used) if any one or more of the following conditions are met:

[0308] • High-level parameters are set to represent the specific processing / operation / control / concept / information mentioned above.

[0309] The specific processing / operation / control / concept / information mentioned above is determined based on associated high-level parameters.

[0310] The specific processing / operation / control / conception / information mentioned above is specified / activated / triggered via MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS.

[0311] • The report or support indicates the specific UE capability (UE capability) of the aforementioned specific processing / operation / control / conception / information (or associated information).

[0312] The application of the aforementioned specific processing / operation / control / conception / information is judged based on specific conditions.

[0313] The specific UE capability mentioned above can also represent at least one of the following:

[0314] • Supports the specific processing / operation / control / concept / information mentioned above (e.g., ...).

[0315] • Supports AI-based localization (AI-based localization model inference).

[0316] • Supports sample-based AI-based localization (AI-based localization model inference).

[0317] • Supported measurement / reporting content (e.g., CIR / PDP / DP, at least one of the above types A (timing information), B (power information), and C (phase information)).

[0318] • Supported additional paths / relative time differences

[0319] • Supports sample-based measurement / reporting granularity.

[0320] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be capabilities that apply across all frequencies (frequency-independent and common), capabilities that apply to each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of cells, bands, band combinations, BWPs, component carriers, etc.), capabilities that apply to each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1)), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), capabilities that apply to each subcarrier spacing (SCS) or capabilities that apply to each feature set (FS) or each feature set per component carrier (FSPC).

[0321] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be either capabilities that apply to all duplex modes (commonly regardless of the duplex mode) or capabilities that apply to each duplex mode (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0322] UE / BS may also follow the operations specified in the existing 3GPP version if the above conditions are not met.

[0323] (Postscript)

[0324] The invention is described below in relation to the 0th to 2nd embodiments of this disclosure.

[0325] [Postscript 1]

[0326] A terminal having:

[0327] The receiving unit receives setting information related to the measurement of at least one of the following: channel impulse response (CIR), power delay profile (PDP), and delay profile (DP); that is, setting information including at least one parameter such as an additional path for positioning based on artificial intelligence (AI) and a relative time difference; and

[0328] The control unit applies AI-based positioning model reasoning and performs measurements based on the specified information.

[0329] [Postscript 2]

[0330] The terminal as described in Appendix 1, wherein,

[0331] The receiving unit receives a setting indicating the granularity of the measurement based on the sample.

[0332] The control unit uses a coarser granularity than the stated granularity to perform sample-based measurements.

[0333] [Postscript 3]

[0334] The terminal as described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2, wherein the terminal further comprises:

[0335] The transmitting unit transmits the difference between the measured value and the measured value at a specific timing as the measurement result.

[0336] (Wireless communication system)

[0337] The structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will now be described. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one or a combination of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0338] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (also referred to simply as System 1) may also be a system that uses Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) as standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to achieve communication.

[0339] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple radio access technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC can also include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0340] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0341] Wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (e.g., MN and SN are dual connectivity between NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0342] The wireless communication system 1 may also include a base station 11 forming a macro cell C1 with a relatively wide coverage area, and a base station 12 (12a-12c) configured within the macro cell C1 and forming a small cell C2 narrower than the macro cell C1. The user terminal 20 may also be located within at least one cell. The configuration, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and the user terminal 20 are not limited to the manner shown in the figure. Hereinafter, without distinguishing between base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0343] Alternatively, the wireless communication system 1 can also utilize Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO). For example, a cell can be formed by one antenna / base station 10 or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. A [virtual] cell (e.g., also called a super cell) can also be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (e.g., also called sub-cells). A super cell can also be equivalent to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a sub-cell can also be equivalent to a cell with a semi-static / dynamically varying physical range. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 can also be called a cell-free system.

[0344] User terminal 20 may also connect to at least one of multiple base stations 10. User terminal 20 may also utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0345] Each CC can also be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). Macro cell C1 can also be included in FR1, and small cell C2 can also be included in FR2. For example, FR1 can also be a frequency band below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 can also be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). In addition, the frequency bands, definitions, etc. of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these; for example, FR1 can also be equivalent to a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0346] In addition, user terminal 20 can also use at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) to communicate in each CC.

[0347] Multiple base stations 10 can also be connected via wired (e.g., fiber optic cable based on the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is equivalent to a host station, can also be referred to as an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is equivalent to a relay station, can also be referred to as an IAB node.

[0348] Base station 10 may also be connected to core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. Core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0349] The core network 30 may also include, for example, user plane functions (UPF), access and mobility management functions (AMF), session management functions (SMF), unified data management (UDM), application functions (AF), data network (DN), location management functions (LMF), and network functions (NF) such as operation, administration and maintenance (OAM). Alternatively, multiple functions can be provided through a single network node. Furthermore, communication with external networks (e.g., the Internet) can also be achieved via the DN.

[0350] User terminal 20 can also be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0351] In wireless communication system 1, wireless access methods based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) can also be used. For example, in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) links, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) can also be used.

[0352] The wireless access method can also be referred to as a waveform. In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (e.g., other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) can also be used in the wireless access methods of UL and DL.

[0353] In the wireless communication system 1, the downlink channel can also be a shared downlink channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)), a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), or a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)) shared by each user terminal 20.

[0354] In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel can also be the shared uplink channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), the uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), the random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)) shared by each user terminal 20, etc.

[0355] User data, high-level control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via the PDSCH. User data and high-level control information can also be transmitted via the PUSCH. In addition, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) can also be transmitted via the PBCH.

[0356] Lower-layer control information can also be transmitted via PDCCH. This lower-layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (DCI), which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0357] Additionally, the DCI that schedules PDSCH can also be called DL allocation, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH can also be called UL authorization, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH can be rewritten as DL data, and PUSCH can be rewritten as UL data.

[0358] In PDCCH detection, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space can also be utilized. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. The search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A CORESET can also be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE can also monitor CORESETs associated with a specific search space based on search space settings.

[0359] A search space can also correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates equivalent to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces can also be referred to as a search space set. In addition, the terms "search space", "search space set", "search space setting", "search space set setting", "CORESET", and "CORESET setting" in this disclosure can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0360] The PUCCH can also transmit uplink control information (uplink control information (UCI)) that includes at least one of the following: Channel State Information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (e.g., also known as Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request ACK Knowledge (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and Scheduling Request (SR). The PRACH can also transmit random access preambles used for establishing connections with the cell.

[0361] In addition, in this disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc., may be described without the word "link". Furthermore, various channels may be described without the word "physical".

[0362] In wireless communication system 1, synchronization signals (SS) and downlink reference signals (DL-RS) can also be transmitted. In wireless communication system 1, DL-RS can also transmit cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), positioning reference signals (PRS), and phase tracking reference signals (PTRS).

[0363] Synchronization signals can be, for example, at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS). A signal block containing SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) can also be called an SS / PBCH block, SS block (SSB), etc. In addition, SS, SSB, etc. can also be called reference signals.

[0364] Furthermore, in wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) can also transmit measurement reference signals (sounding reference signals (SRS)) and demodulation reference signals (DMRS). Additionally, DMRS can also be referred to as user terminal-specific reference signals (UE-specific reference signals).

[0365] (Base station)

[0366] Figure 16 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmit / receive unit 120, a transmit / receive antenna 130, and a transmission path interface (transmission line interface) 140. Alternatively, the control unit 110, the transmit / receive unit 120, the transmit / receive antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140 may each be provided in more than one manner.

[0367] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it is also conceivable that the base station 10 may also possess other functional blocks required for wireless communication. A portion of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0368] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0369] The control unit 110 can also control signal generation and scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping). The control unit 110 can also control transmission, reception, and measurement using the transmit / receive unit 120, transmit / receive antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmit / receive unit 120. The control unit 110 can also perform call processing (setting, releasing, etc.) of the communication channel, status management of the base station 10, and management of wireless resources.

[0370] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may also include a transmitting processing unit 1211 and a receiving processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be composed of transmitters / receivers, RF circuits, baseband circuits, filters, phase shifters, measurement circuits, transmitting / receiving circuits, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0371] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0372] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0373] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also transmit the aforementioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also receive the aforementioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0374] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc., to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0375] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) may, for example, perform processing at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0376] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) can also perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may also include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing (filtering processing), Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (as needed), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0377] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signal through the transmitting and receiving antenna 130.

[0378] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also amplify, filter, and demodulate the signals of the wireless frequency band received through the transmitting and receiving antenna 130 into the baseband signal.

[0379] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (receiving and processing unit 1212) can also perform receiving and processing on the acquired baseband signal, including analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to acquire user data, etc.

[0380] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 can also perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements, channel state information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 can also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 110.

[0381] The transmission path interface 140 can also transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between the device included in the core network 30 (e.g., the network node providing the NF), other base stations 10, etc., and can also acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0382] In addition, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the base station 10 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0383] Additionally, base station 10 can be separated into three elements: Radio Unit (RU), Distributed Unit (DU), and Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU can implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU can implement higher-level physical layer functions (from coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU can also implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0384] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that implement a portion of the functions of RU, DU, and CU respectively and are interconnected. In this disclosure, base station 10 may also be rewritten in relation to RU / DU / CU.

[0385] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can also transmit / receive setting information related to the measurement of at least one of the following: channel impulse response (CIR), power delay profile (PDP), and delay profile (DP), i.e., setting information including at least one parameter of the additional path for positioning based on artificial intelligence (AI) and the relative time difference.

[0386] The control unit 110 can also apply AI-based positioning model reasoning to perform measurements based on the set information.

[0387] (User terminal)

[0388] Figure 17 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Alternatively, more than one of each of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be included.

[0389] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it is also conceivable that the user terminal 20 may also have other functional blocks required for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0390] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains.

[0391] The control unit 210 can also control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 can also control transmission, reception, measurement, etc., using the transmission / reception unit 220 and the transmission / reception antenna 230. The control unit 210 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmission / reception unit 220.

[0392] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may also include a transmitting processing unit 2211 and a receiving processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be composed of transmitters / receivers, RF circuits, baseband circuits, filters, phase shifters, measurement circuits, transmitting / receiving circuits, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0393] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0394] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0395] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc., mentioned above. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc., mentioned above.

[0396] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc., to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0397] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) may, for example, perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 210, and generate the bit string to be transmitted.

[0398] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) can also perform channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing, DFT processing (as needed), IFFT processing, precoding, digital-to-analog conversion and other transmission processing on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0399] Furthermore, whether or not to apply DFT processing can be based on the transform precoding settings. For a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), if transform precoding is enabled, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform DFT processing as described above for transmitting the channel using the DFT-s-OFDM waveform; otherwise, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform DFT processing as described above for transmitting the channel without performing DFT processing.

[0400] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signal through the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0401] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also amplify, filter, demodulate, etc., the signals of the wireless frequency band received by the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0402] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (receiving and processing unit 2212) can also perform receiving and processing on the acquired baseband signal, such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to obtain user data.

[0403] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measurement unit 223) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 can also perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 can also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 210.

[0404] Additionally, the measurement unit 223 can also derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources can be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. Furthermore, the measurement unit 223 can also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources can be at least one of NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. Additionally, CSI-IM can also be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM), and can be interchanged with zero power (ZP) CSI-RS. Furthermore, in this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0405] Alternatively, the transmitting and receiving units of the user terminal 20 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one transmitting / receiving unit 220 and transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0406] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also receive setting information related to the measurement of at least one of the channel impulse response (CIR), power delay profile (PDP), and delay profile (DP), that is, setting information including at least one parameter of the additional path for positioning based on artificial intelligence (AI) and the relative time difference.

[0407] The control unit 210 can also apply AI-based positioning model inference to perform measurements based on the set information. The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also send the measurement results to the Location Management Function (LMF).

[0408] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also receive a setting indicating the granularity of the sample-based measurement. The control unit 210 can also use a coarser granularity than the stated granularity to perform the sample-based measurement.

[0409] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also transmit the difference between the measured value and the measured value at a specific timing as the measurement result.

[0410] (Hardware structure)

[0411] Furthermore, the block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments illustrate functional units. These functional blocks (structural units) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Moreover, the implementation method of each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or it can be implemented by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. A functional block can also be implemented by combining the aforementioned single device or multiple devices with software.

[0412] Here, the functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, export, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, regard as, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, a functional block (structural unit) that implements the sending function can also be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of any of them is not particularly limited.

[0413] For example, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the base station, user terminal, etc., can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above can also be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0414] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit can be interchanged. The hardware structure of base station 10 and user terminal 20 can be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the figures, or it can be configured not to include any of the apparatuses.

[0415] For example, only one processor 1001 is shown, but there can be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing can be performed by one processor, or simultaneously, sequentially, or by two or more processors using other methods. Additionally, processor 1001 can be implemented using more than one chip.

[0416] The functions of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 are implemented, for example, by reading specific software (programs) into hardware such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, so that the processor 1001 performs calculations and controls communication via the communication device 1004, or controls at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage device 1003.

[0417] The processor 1001, for example, enables the operating system to operate and control the computer as a whole. The processor 1001 may also be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic devices, registers, etc. For example, at least a portion of the control unit 110 (210), the transmit / receive unit 120 (220), etc., described above may also be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0418] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and performs various processes accordingly. As a program, a program that causes the computer to perform at least a portion of the operations described in the above embodiments can be used. For example, the control unit 110 (210) can also be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and operated in the processor 1001; similar implementations can be made for other functional blocks.

[0419] The memory 1002 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as being composed of at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable storage media. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. The memory 1002 is capable of storing executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for implementing the wireless communication method according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0420] Storage device 1003 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as a flexible disc, floppy disk, optical disk (e.g., compact disc ROM, CD-ROM), digital multifunction disk, Blu-ray disc, removable disk, hard disk drive, smart card, flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key drive), stripe, database, server, or at least one other suitable storage medium. Storage device 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0421] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting and receiving device) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network. It is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network interface card (NIC), communication module, etc. To implement at least one of, for example, Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD), the communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. For example, the aforementioned transmit / receive unit 120 (220) and transmit / receive antenna 130 (230) may also be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmit / receive unit 120 (220) may also be implemented by physically or logically separating the transmit unit 120a (220a) and the receive unit 120b (220b).

[0422] Input device 1005 is an input device that receives input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). Alternatively, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be an integrated structure (e.g., touch panel).

[0423] Furthermore, the processor 1001, memory 1002, and other devices are connected via a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 can be configured as a single bus or as different buses between the devices.

[0424] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 can also be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and can also use this hardware to implement part or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0425] In addition, the devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF) can also be implemented through the functional block / hardware structure described above.

[0426] (Modified example)

[0427] Furthermore, the terms described in this disclosure, as well as those necessary for understanding this disclosure, may be replaced with terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol, and signal (signal or signaling) may be interchanged. Additionally, a signal may also be a message. A reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS, and may be referred to as pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applied standard. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0428] A radio frame can also be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) that constitute a radio frame can also be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe can also be composed of one or more time slots in the time domain. A subframe can also be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the parameter set (numerology).

[0429] Here, the parameter set can also be communication parameters applied in at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, the parameter set can also represent at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the time domain.

[0430] In the time domain, a time slot can also be composed of one or more symbols (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.). In addition, a time slot can also be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0431] A time slot can also contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can also consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Furthermore, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can also consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-time slot can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0432] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can also use their respective other names. Furthermore, the time units such as frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols in this disclosure can be interchanged.

[0433] For example, a subframe can also be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and a time slot or a mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is, at least one of a subframe and a TTI can be a subframe in existing LTE (1ms), a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. In addition, the unit representing TTI may not be called a subframe, but rather a time slot, mini-time slot, etc.

[0434] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules radio resources (frequency bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0435] TTI can also be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., and can also be a unit of processing such as scheduling and link adaptation. In addition, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) mapped to transmission blocks, code blocks, codewords, etc. can be shorter than the TTI.

[0436] Additionally, where a time slot or a mini-time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini-time slot) can also be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Furthermore, the number of time slots (mini-time slots) constituting the minimum time unit of the schedule can also be controlled.

[0437] A TTI with a duration of 1 ms can also be referred to as a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel.8-12), a standard TTI, a long TTI, a normal subframe, a standard subframe, a long subframe, a time slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be referred to as a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial TTI (partial or fractional TTI), a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini time slot, a sub-time slot, a time slot, etc.

[0438] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of less than a long TTI but more than 1 ms.

[0439] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can also contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0440] Furthermore, an RB can contain one or more symbols in the time domain, and can also be a time slot, a mini-time slot, a subframe, or the length of a TTI. A TTI, a subframe, etc., can also be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0441] In addition, one or more RBs can also be referred to as Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0442] In addition, a resource block can also consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, an RE can also be a radio resource area consisting of a subcarrier and a symbol.

[0443] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also referred to as partial bandwidth, etc.) can also represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a carrier. Here, common RBs can also be determined by the index of RBs based on the common reference point of the carrier. PRBs can also be defined in a BWP and appended with numbers within that BWP.

[0444] A BWP can also include a UL BWP (the BWP used by UL) and a DL BWP (the BWP used by DL). For a UE, one or more BWPs can also be set within a single carrier.

[0445] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and the UE may not intend to transmit or receive specific signals / channels outside of the active BWPs. Furthermore, the terms "cell," "carrier," etc., in this disclosure can be rewritten as "BWP."

[0446] Furthermore, the structures described above, such as radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols, are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained within a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, and the number of symbols in a TTI, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length can be varied in many ways.

[0447] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented by absolute values, relative values ​​with respect to a specific value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can also be indicated by a specific index.

[0448] In this disclosure, the names used for parameters, etc., are not limiting names in any respect. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions, etc., using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name; therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting names in any respect.

[0449] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., which may be mentioned throughout the above description, can also be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0450] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output in at least one of the following directions: from higher level (upper layer) to lower level (lower layer), and from lower layer to higher level. Information, signals, etc., can also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0451] Input and output information, signals, etc., can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc., can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information, signals, etc., can also be deleted. Input information, signals, etc., can also be sent to other devices.

[0452] Regarding any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) recorded in this disclosure, even if not specifically explicitly stated in the above embodiments, information representing / determining the value of such arbitrary information (or information associated with such arbitrary information) can be notified from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE).

[0453] The notification of information is not limited to the methods / implementations described in this disclosure, and may also be carried out by other methods. For example, the notification of information in this disclosure may also be implemented by physical layer signaling (e.g., downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.), higher layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB) etc.), medium access control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or combinations thereof.

[0454] In addition, physical layer signaling can also be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. Furthermore, RRC signaling can also be referred to as RRC messages, such as RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. Additionally, MAC signaling can also be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0455] Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., a notification of “is X”) is not limited to explicit notification, but can also be implicit (e.g., by not providing that specific information, or by providing other information).

[0456] The determination can be made by a value represented by a single bit (0 or 1), by a true or false value (boolean), or by a numerical comparison (e.g., a comparison with a specific value).

[0457] Whether software is called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or any other name, it should be broadly interpreted to refer to instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc.

[0458] Furthermore, software, instructions, and information can also be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0459] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable. “Network” may also mean devices included in a network (e.g., base stations).

[0460] In this disclosure, the terms “precoding”, “precoder”, “weight (precoding weight)”, “quasi-co-location (QCL)”, “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state)”, “spatial relation”, “spatial domain filter”, “transmit power”, “phase rotation”, “antenna port”, “layer”, “number of layers”, “rank”, “resource”, “resource set”, “beam”, “beamwidth”, “beam angle”, “antenna”, “antenna element”, “panel”, “UE panel”, “transmitting entity”, and “receiving entity” are used interchangeably.

[0461] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the antenna port can also be rewritten with an antenna port used for any signal / channel (e.g., a DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, resources can also be rewritten with resources used for any signal / channel (e.g., reference signal resources, SRS resources, etc.). Additionally, resources can also include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Moreover, the spatial domain transmission filter can also include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0462] The aforementioned groups may include, for example, at least one of the following: spatial relation group, code division multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal (RS) group, control resource set (CORESET) group, PUCCH group, antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), layer group, resource group, beam group, antenna group, panel group, etc.

[0463] Furthermore, in this disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), RS, etc., can also be rewritten to each other.

[0464] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, and joint TCI state can also be rewritten to each other.

[0465] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL", "QCL concept", "QCL relationship", "QCL type information", "QCL property (QCLproperty / properties)", "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D) property", and "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D)" can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0466] In this disclosure, indexes, identifiers (IDs), indicators, indications, resource IDs, etc., can also be interchanged. In this disclosure, sequences, lists, sets, groups, clusters, subsets, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0467] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) can be interchanged. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" can also be interchanged with "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI states)," "one or more spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI can also be interchanged. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship can also be interchanged.

[0468] In this disclosure, the terms "Base Station (BS)", "Wireless Base Station", "Fixed Station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "Access Point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission / Reception Point (TRP)", "Panel", "Cell", "Sector", "Cell Group", "Carrier", and "Component Carrier" are used interchangeably. There are also instances where the terms macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are used to refer to a base station.

[0469] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, each of which can also provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). Terms such as "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and base station subsystem providing communication services within that coverage area.

[0470] In this disclosure, the information sent by the base station to the terminal can also be rewritten with the control / operation instructed by the base station to the terminal based on that information.

[0471] In this disclosure, the terms “Mobile Station (MS)”, “user terminal”, “user equipment (UE)”, and “terminal” are used interchangeably.

[0472] There are also instances where mobile stations are referred to as subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, handsets, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or several other appropriate terms.

[0473] At least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0474] The term "mobile body" refers to a movable object whose speed is arbitrary, including situations where the body is stationary. Examples of such mobile bodies include vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, loading shovels, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, trolleys, rickshaws, ships (including vessels and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multi-rotor aircraft, quadcopters, balloons, and objects carried on them, but are not limited to these. Furthermore, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operational commands.

[0475] The mobile entity can be a means of transportation (e.g., a vehicle, an airplane, etc.), a mobile entity moving in an unmanned manner (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may include a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0476] Figure 19 This figure illustrates an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a speed sensor 51, a pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a gear shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0477] The drive unit 41 is comprised of at least one of an engine, a motor, or a combination of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 42 is configured to include at least a steering wheel (also called a handlebar) and to perform directional control on at least one of the front wheel 46 and the rear wheel 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel by the user.

[0478] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, a memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an input / output (IO) port) 63). Signals from various sensors 50-58 present in the vehicle are input into the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 can also be referred to as an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0479] The signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, speed signals from front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by speed sensor 51, air pressure signals from front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals obtained by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals obtained by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal 43 depress amount signals obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal 44 depress amount signals obtained by brake pedal sensor 56, shift lever 45 operation signals obtained by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals obtained by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0480] The information service unit 59 comprises various devices such as a vehicle navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, used to provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information obtained from external devices via the communication module 60, etc., to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0481] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that implement output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED light, touch panel, etc.).

[0482] The driver assistance system unit 64 comprises various devices used to provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning devices (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyroscope systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the driver assistance system unit 64 sends and receives various information via a communication module 60 and implements driver assistance or autonomous driving functions.

[0483] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and the structural elements of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) between the microprocessor 61 and the memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and various sensors 50-58 in the drive unit 41, steering control unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, and electronic control unit 49 of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63.

[0484] The communication module 60 is controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can transmit and receive various types of information between external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 can be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device can be, for example, the aforementioned base station 10, user terminal 20, etc. Furthermore, the communication module 60 can be, for example, at least one of the aforementioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (or it can function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).

[0485] The communication module 60 can also wirelessly transmit at least one of the following to an external device: signals from the various sensors 50-58 described above that are input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on these signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., can also be referred to as input units that receive input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted via the communication module 60 can also contain information based on the aforementioned input.

[0486] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it to the information service unit 59 provided by the vehicle. The information service unit 59 can also be referred to as an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH received through the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH).

[0487] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. The microprocessor 61 can also control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, and various sensors 50-58 of the vehicle 40 based on the information stored in the memory 62.

[0488] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a user terminal. For example, various methods / implementations of this disclosure can be applied to structures where communication between the base station and the user terminal is replaced by communication between multiple user terminals (e.g., also referred to as device-to-device (D2D) or vehicle-to-everything (V2X)). In this case, it can also be configured such that the user terminal 20 has the functions of the base station 10 described above. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be rewritten as terms corresponding to inter-terminal communication (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can also be rewritten as sidelink channel.

[0489] Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a base station. In this case, it can also be configured such that the base station 10 has the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0490] In this disclosure, operations are assumed to be performed by the base station, and sometimes, depending on the circumstances, by its upper node. Clearly, in a network containing one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations for communication with a terminal can be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (e.g., considering a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or combinations thereof.

[0491] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually or in combination, and can be switched as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, timing sequences, flowcharts, etc., of the various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be rearranged as long as they do not contradict each other. For example, for the method described in this disclosure, the illustrated order is used to indicate various steps, but the order in which they are indicated is not limited.

[0492] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Futuregeneration radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE This includes 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB)), Bluetooth (registered trademark), systems utilizing other suitable wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems derived from enhancements, modifications, creations, or specifications based on them. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., LTE or LTE-A, combinations with 5G, etc.) for application.

[0493] As used in this disclosure, the term "based on" does not mean "based on only" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the term "based on" means both "based on only" and "based on at least".

[0494] Any reference to an element using the designations "first," "second," etc., as used in this disclosure does not comprehensively limit the quantity or order of these elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, reference to the first and second elements does not imply that only two elements may be used, or that the first element must take precedence over the second element in some form.

[0495] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure can encompass a wide variety of operations. For example, "determining" can also refer to judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (search, inquiry) (e.g., searching in a table, database or other data structure), and ascertaining.

[0496] In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc., as situations where "judgment (decision)" is performed.

[0497] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to situations where resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, or comparing are considered as making a "judgment (decision)". That is, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to certain operations as making a "judgment (decision)". In this disclosure, "judgment (decision)" can also be rewritten in relation to the operations described above.

[0498] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" can also be interchanged with "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Additionally, in this disclosure, "not assuming..." can also be interchanged with "assuming not...".

[0499] In this disclosure, "expect" can also be interchanged with "be expected." For example, "expect(s)..." (where "..." can also be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive to, etc.) can also be interchanged with "be expected..." or "perform..." (in the case of "..." being an infinitive to "to," the verb with "to" removed). "Does not expect..." can also be interchanged with "be not expected..." or "does not perform..." (in the case of "..." being an infinitive to "to," the verb with "to" removed). Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected..." can also be interchanged with "Apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect apparatus A to perform..." (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B can also be a base station).

[0500] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may refer to the maximum value of the transmit power, the nominal maximum transmit power (the nominal UE maximum transmit power), or the rated maximum transmit power (the rated UE maximum transmit power).

[0501] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” or all variations thereof, refer to all direct or indirect connections or combinations between two or more elements, and can include cases where there is one or more intermediate elements between two mutually “connected” or “coupled” elements. The connections or combinations between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” can also be rewritten as “access.”

[0502] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, it is possible to consider using more than one wire, cable, printed electrical connection, etc. to be "connected" or "combined" with each other, and as several non-limiting and non-exclusive examples, to use electromagnetic energy with wavelengths having wireless frequency domain, microwave region, light (both visible and invisible) region to be "connected" or "combined" with each other.

[0503] In this disclosure, the term "A is different from B" can also mean "A and B are different from each other." Additionally, the term can also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0504] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms, like the term "comprising," mean inclusive. Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure does not mean XOR.

[0505] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may also include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0506] In this disclosure, terms such as "below," "less than," "above," "more than," and "equal to" can be interchanged. Furthermore, in this disclosure, statements meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "early," "late," "wide," and "narrow" can be interchanged, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. Additionally, in this disclosure, statements meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "early," "late," "wide," and "narrow" can also be interchanged as expressions accompanied by "i" (where i is any integer), not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees (e.g., "highest" can also be interchanged with "i-th highest").

[0507] In this disclosure, "of", "for", "regarding", "related to", "associated with", etc., can also be rewritten interchangeably.

[0508] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" can be rewritten interchangeably. Furthermore, A and B can be appropriately replaced with nouns, gerunds, or other suitable expressions depending on the context. Additionally, the time difference between A and B can be approximately 0 (immediately following or immediately preceding). Moreover, a time offset can be applied to the time A occurs. For example, "A" can also be rewritten interchangeably with "before / after the time offset of A". This time offset (e.g., more than one symbol / slot) can be predetermined or determined by the UE based on the information it is notified of.

[0509] In this disclosure, timing, moment, time, time instance, arbitrary time unit (e.g., time slot, sub-time slot, symbol, subframe), period, opportunity, resource, etc., can also be overridden.

[0510] The inventions disclosed herein have been described in detail above. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the inventions disclosed herein are not limited to the embodiments described herein. The description herein is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the inventions disclosed herein in any way.

[0511] This application is based on Japanese Special Application No. 2024-030306, filed on February 29, 2024. The entire contents of that application are contained herein.

Claims

1. A terminal, comprising: The receiving unit receives setting information related to the measurement of at least one of the following: Channel Impulse Response (CIR), Power Delay Spectrum (PDP), and Delay Spectrum (DP); that is, setting information including at least one parameter such as the additional path for AI-based positioning and the relative time difference; and The control unit applies AI-based positioning model reasoning and performs measurements based on the specified information.

2. The terminal as described in claim 1, wherein, The receiving unit receives a setting indicating the granularity of the measurement based on the sample. The control unit uses a coarser granularity than the stated granularity to perform sample-based measurements.

3. The terminal as described in claim 1, wherein, The terminal also has: The transmitting unit transmits the difference between the measured value and the measured value at a specific timing as the measurement result.

4. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: The steps include receiving setting information related to the measurement of at least one of the following: Channel Impulse Response (CIR), Power Delay Spectrum (PDP), and Delay Spectrum (DP); that is, setting information including setting information for at least one parameter such as an additional path for AI-based positioning and a relative time difference; and The measurement steps are carried out based on the set information and an AI-based positioning model inference is applied.

5. A base station, comprising: The transmitting unit transmits setting information related to the measurement of at least one of the following: Channel Impulse Response (CIR), Power Delay Spectrum (PDP), and Delay Spectrum (DP); that is, setting information including at least one parameter such as the additional path for AI-based positioning and the relative time difference; and The control unit applies AI-based positioning model reasoning and performs measurements based on the specified information.

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