Method for supporting low beams and csi reporting

Abstract

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for supporting low-power beamforming and CSI reporting. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) including a low-power radio (LR) and a master radio (MR) is provided. The WTRU receives configuration for receiving a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS), an indication of a Transmission Configuration Index (TCI) state set, and a TCI set ID threshold. The WTRU determines the TCI state set based on measurements of one or more reference signals (RS). The WTRU determines a difference between the determined TCI state set and an indicated TCI state set. The WTRU compares the difference with the TCI set ID difference threshold. If the determined TCI state sets are the same and / or similar, the WTRU transmits an indication via the LR. If the determined TCI state sets are different, the WTRU activates the MR and transmits an MR beamforming report.

Description

Cross-references to related applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application 63 / 545,965, filed October 27, 2023, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Technology

[0002] In fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems, various power-saving technologies are used to reduce the power consumption of one or more user equipments (UEs). One such power-saving technology uses a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS). The use of LP-WUS can reduce the power consumption of the UE. This can be achieved by using a low-power receiver in the UE to monitor LP-WUS. However, in conventional UEs, the use of the low-power receiver is limited to monitoring or receiving LP-WUS. Consequently, power is consumed in other processes that require the use of the main radio equipment instead of the low-power receiver. Therefore, a technology is needed to provide beam reporting while monitoring LP-WUS. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In one or more embodiments of this disclosure, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) is provided. The WTRU includes a memory, at least one transceiver, and a processor. The at least one transceiver includes a low-power radio (LR) and a master radio (MR). The at least one transceiver is configured to receive configuration information indicating a first sequence, a second sequence, a first uplink (UL) resource, a second UL resource, a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) configuration, and at least one Transmission Configuration Index (TCI) set identifier (ID) difference threshold. The at least one transceiver is also configured to receive a first TCI set ID associated with a first TCI state set. The at least one transceiver and the processor are configured to measure one or more reference signals (RS) based on the LP-WUS configuration. The processor is further configured to determine a second TCI state set based on the measurement. The processor is also configured to determine a TCI set ID difference between the first TCI set ID and the second TCI set ID associated with the second TCI state set. When the absolute value of the TCI set ID difference is less than the threshold value of the at least one TCI set ID difference, the at least one transceiver and the processor are configured to use the LR and the first UL resource to transmit the second sequence.

[0004] In one or more embodiments of this disclosure, a method implemented by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) is provided. The method includes receiving configuration information indicating a first sequence, a second sequence, a first uplink (UL) resource, a second UL resource, a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) configuration, and at least one Transmission Configuration Index (TCI) set identifier (ID) difference threshold. The method further includes receiving a first TCI set ID associated with a first TCI state set. The method also includes measuring one or more reference signals (RS) based on the LP-WUS configuration. The method further includes determining a second TCI state set based on the measurement. The method also includes determining a TCI set ID difference between the first TCI set ID and the second TCI set ID associated with the second TCI state set. If the absolute value of the TCI set ID difference is less than the at least one TCI set ID difference threshold, the method includes transmitting the second sequence using the first UL resource. If the first TCI set ID and the second TCI set ID are the same, the method includes transmitting the first sequence using a low-power radio (LR) device, utilizing the first UL resource. The method includes activating the master radio (MR) when the absolute value of the TCI set ID difference is greater than the at least one TCI set ID difference threshold.

[0005] In one embodiment, if the first TCI set ID is the same as the second TCI set ID, the WTRU uses the first UL resource to send the first sequence.

[0006] In one embodiment, the WTRU activates the master radio (MR) when the absolute value of the TCI set ID difference is greater than the at least one TCI set ID difference threshold.

[0007] In one embodiment, the WTRU generates an MR beam report.

[0008] In one embodiment, the WTRU uses MR to transmit MR beam reports using a second UL resource.

[0009] In one embodiment, the MR beam report includes at least one of the following: Channel State Information (CSI) RS Resource Indicator (CRI), Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), Layer Indicator (LI), and Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP).

[0010] In one embodiment, measuring the one or more RS resources includes determining the quality of the one or more RS resources based on at least one of the following: reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the one or more RS resources, reference signal received quality (RSRQ) associated with the one or more RS resources, and signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SINR) associated with the one or more RS resources.

[0011] In one embodiment, one or more RS resources include one or more low-power synchronization signals (LP-SS).

[0012] In one embodiment, the WTRU uses a first TCI state set to receive one or more downlink channels. The WTRU uses the first TCI state set to transmit one or more uplink channels.

[0013] In one embodiment, the first sequence and the second sequence include one or more of the following: the Zadoff-Chu sequence, the M sequence, and the Golay sequence.

[0014] In one embodiment, the LP-WUS configuration includes one or more of the following: LP-WUS monitoring configuration and LP-WUS resource configuration.

[0015] In one embodiment, the at least one transceiver is further configured to receive an instruction to activate the LP-WUS or to deactivate the MR.

[0016] In one embodiment, the at least one transceiver is configured to receive a timer configuration. The processor is configured to initialize a timer based on the timer configuration. The at least one transceiver and the processor are also configured to monitor LP-WUS if an acknowledgment is received before the timer expires. The at least one transceiver and the processor are also configured to activate the MR and use the MR to transmit an indication using the second UL resource if the acknowledgment is not received before the timer expires. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The invention can be understood in more detail from the following description given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements, and wherein: Figure 1A This is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary communication system that can implement one or more of the disclosed embodiments; Figure 1B It is shown that, according to the embodiment, it is possible to Figure 1A A system diagram of an exemplary wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) used within the communication system shown; Figure 1C It is shown that, according to the embodiment, it is possible to Figure 1A System diagram of an exemplary radio access network (RAN) and an exemplary core network (CN) used within the communication system shown; Figure 1D It is shown that, according to the embodiment, it is possible to Figure 1A A system diagram of another exemplary RAN and another exemplary CN used within the communication system shown; Figure 2 This is an exemplary simplified receiver architecture according to an embodiment, which illustrates a WTRU with low-power radio (LR) equipment; Figure 3 An exemplary single bit in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol according to one or more embodiments is shown; Figure 4 An example of using multiple bits of frequency domain multiplexing in OFDM symbols according to one or more embodiments is shown; Figure 5 An exemplary multi-tone single-bit open / key control (OOK) according to one or more embodiments is shown; Figure 6 An example of using time-domain multiplexing of multiple bits in OFDM symbols according to one or more embodiments is shown; Figure 7 A flowchart is shown illustrating an exemplary process for sending one or more sequences based on the difference in a set of Transport Configuration Index (TCI) IDs according to one or more embodiments; Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for transmitting one or more sequences based on channel quality indicator (CQI) differences according to one or more embodiments is shown; and Figure 9 A flowchart is shown illustrating an exemplary process for sending instructions using timers and / or counters according to one or more embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0018] As discussed herein, one or more abbreviations may be used from the following (non-exhaustive) list shown in Table 1.

[0019] Table 1

[0020] Figure 1A This diagram illustrates an exemplary communication system 100 in which one or more of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, and broadcasting to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 enables multiple wireless users to access such content by sharing system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Zero-Tail Unique Word Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (ZT-UW-DTS-S-OFDM), Unique Word OFDM (UW-OFDM), Resource Block Filtered OFDM, Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), etc.

[0021] like Figure 1A As shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104, a core network (CN) 106, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112. However, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d (any of which may be referred to as a station (STA)) may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (UE), mobile stations, fixed or mobile subscriber units, subscription-based units, pagers, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, laptops, netbooks, personal computers, wireless sensors, hotspots or MiFi devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in industrial and / or automated processing chain environments), consumer electronics devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. Any of the wireless transmission / reception units 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as UEs.

[0022] The communication system 100 may also include base station 114a and / or base station 114b. Each of base stations 114a and 114b can be any type of device configured to wirelessly connect to at least one of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as CN 106, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. As examples, base stations 114a and 114b may be base transceiver stations (BTS), NodeBs, eNodeBs (eNBs), home NodeBs (HNBs), home eNodeBs (HeNBs), next-generation NodeBs (e.g., gNodeBs (gNBs)), new radio (NR) NodeBs, site controllers, access points (APs), wireless routers, etc. Although base stations 114a and 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be understood that base stations 114a and 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0023] Base station 114a may be part of RAN 104, and may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as base station controllers (BSCs), radio network controllers (RNCs), relay nodes, etc. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as cells (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage of a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver per sector of the cell. In one embodiment, base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may use multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0024] Base stations 114a and 114b can communicate with one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d via air interface 116, which can be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). Air interface 116 can be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0025] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 can be a multiple access system and can employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, base stations 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in RAN 104 can implement radio technologies such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which can use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish the air interface 116. WCDMA can include communication protocols such as High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA can include High-Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed ​​Uplink (UL) Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0026] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which can use Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-A Pro Advanced (LTE-A Pro) to establish air interface 116.

[0027] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as NR radio access, which can use NR to establish air interface 116.

[0028] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can, for instance, use a dual connectivity (DC) principle to implement both LTE and NR radio access together. Therefore, the air interface used by WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0029] In other embodiments, base station 114a and wireless transmission / reception units 102a, 102b, 102c may implement wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Global Microwave Access Interoperability (WiMAX)), CDMA 2000, CDMA 2000 1X, CDMA 2000 EV-DO, Provisional Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Provisional Standard 95 (IS-95), Provisional Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), etc.

[0030] Figure 1A Base station 114b can be, for example, a wireless router, a home Node-B, a home eNode-B, or an access point, and can utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area such as a business premises, home, vehicle, campus, industrial facility, air corridor (e.g., for drone use), road, etc. In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can utilize cellular-based RATs (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA 2000, GSM, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish picocells or femtocells. Figure 1A As shown, base station 114b can have a direct connection to Internet 110. Therefore, base station 114b does not need to access Internet 110 via CN 10.

[0031] RAN 104 can communicate with CN 106, which can be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d. Data may have varying Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, fault tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. CN 106 can provide call control, billing services, location-based services, prepaid calling, internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform advanced security functions (such as user authentication). Although in Figure 1AAlthough not shown, it should be understood that RAN 104 and / or CN 106 can communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs that use the same RAT as RAN 104 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to connecting to RAN 104, which can utilize NR radio technology, CN 106 can also communicate with another RAN (not shown) that uses GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0032] CN 106 can also serve as a gateway for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d to access PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network providing Common Old-Style Telephone Service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices using common communication protocols, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or Internet Protocol (IP) from the TCP / IP Internet Protocol suite. Network 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may use the same RAT as RAN 104 or a different RAT.

[0033] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capability (e.g., WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may include multiple transceivers to communicate with different wireless networks via different wireless links). For example, Figure 1A The WTRU 102c shown can be configured to communicate with base station 114a, which can use cellular-based radio technology, and with base station 114b, which can use IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0034] Figure 1B This is a system diagram illustrating example WTRU 102. (See diagram below.) Figure 1B As shown, WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keyboard 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a Global Positioning System (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripheral devices 138, etc. It is understood that WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with the embodiments.

[0035] Processor 118 can be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. Processor 118 can perform signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functions that enable WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. Processor 118 can be coupled to transceiver 120, and transceiver 120 can be coupled to transmitting / receiving element 122. Although Figure 1B While the processor 118 and transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, it should be understood that the processor 118 and transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0036] Transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 can be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In one embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 can be a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and optical signals. It should be understood that transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0037] Although the transmitting / receiving element 122 is in Figure 1B While described as a single element, WTRU 102 may include any number of transmitting / receiving elements 122. More specifically, WTRU 102 may use MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, WTRU 102 may include two or more transmitting / receiving elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals via air interface 116.

[0038] Transceiver 120 can be configured to modulate signals transmitted by transmitting / receiving element 122 and demodulate signals received by transmitting / receiving element 122. As described above, WTRU 102 can have multimode capability. Therefore, transceiver 120 can include multiple transceivers to enable WTRU 102 to communicate via various RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0039] The processor 118 of WTRU 102 may be coupled to a speaker / microphone 124, a keyboard 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) unit or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit) and may receive user input data therefrom. The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, keyboard 126, and / or display / touchpad 128. Additionally, the processor 118 may access information from any type of suitable memory and store data in said memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. Non-removable memory 130 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. Removable memory 132 may include a user identification module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital storage (SD) card, etc. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from memory that is not physically located on WTRU 102 (e.g., located on a server or home computer (not shown)) and store data in said memory.

[0040] The processor 118 can receive power from the power supply 134 and can be configured to distribute and / or control power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power supply 134 can be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power supply 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0041] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) about the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or alternatively to, the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from base stations (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) via the air interface 116, and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more neighboring base stations. It should be understood that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information using any suitable location determination method, while remaining consistent with the embodiments.

[0042] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other peripheral devices 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules providing additional features, functions, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, peripheral devices 138 may include accelerometers, electronic compasses, satellite transceivers, digital cameras (for photos and / or video), Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports, vibration devices, television transceivers, hands-free headsets, Bluetooth® modules, FM radio units, digital music players, media players, video game player modules, internet browsers, virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) devices, activity trackers, etc. The peripheral device 138 may include one or more sensors. The sensors may be one or more of the following: gyroscopes, accelerometers, Hall effect sensors, magnetometers, orientation sensors, proximity sensors, temperature sensors, time sensors; geolocation sensors; altimeters, light sensors, touch sensors, magnetometers, barometers, gesture sensors, biometric sensors, humidity sensors, etc.

[0043] WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., signals associated with specific subframes for UL (e.g., for transmission) and DL (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and / or substantially eliminate self-interference through hardware (e.g., chokes) or through signal processing by a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or processor 118). In one embodiment, WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., signals associated with specific subframes for UL (e.g., for transmission) or DL ​​(e.g., for reception)) are separate.

[0044] Figure 1C This is a system diagram illustrating RAN 104 and CN 106 according to an embodiment. As described above, RAN 104 may employ E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. RAN 104 may also communicate with CN 106.

[0045] RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c, but it should be understood that RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with the embodiments. eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may each include one or more transceivers to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. In one embodiment, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may implement MIMO technology. Therefore, for example, eNode-B 160a may use multiple antennas to transmit and / or receive radio signals from WTRU 102a.

[0046] Each of the eNode-B 160a, 160b, and 160c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, UL and / or DL ​​user scheduling, etc. Figure 1C As shown, eNode-B160a, 160b, and 160C can communicate with each other via the X2 interface.

[0047] Figure 1C The CN 106 shown may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, a Serving Gateway (SGW) 164, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (PGW) 166. Although the foregoing elements are depicted as part of CN 106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0048] The MME 162 can connect to each of the eNodes B162a, 162b, and 162c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface and can be used as a control node. For example, the MME 162 can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a specific serving gateway during the initial attachment of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, etc. The MME 162 can provide control plane functions for handover between RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) employing other radio technologies (such as GSM and / or WCDMA).

[0049] The SGW 164 can connect to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 can typically route and forward user data packets to / from WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. The SGW 164 can perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during handover between eNode-Bs, triggering paging when DL data is available for WTRUs 102a, 102B, and 102c, managing and storing the context of WTRUs 102a, 102B, and 102c, etc.

[0050] The SGW 164 can connect to the PGW 166, which can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to packet-switched networks (such as Internet 110) to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0051] CN 106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 106 can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to a circuit-switched network (e.g., PSTN 108) to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c and traditional landline communication equipment. For example, CN 106 may include an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) or can communicate with an IP gateway that serves as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108. Furthermore, CN 106 can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0052] Although WTRU is Figure 1A-1D While described as a wireless terminal, it is conceivable that in some representative embodiments, such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) a wired communication interface with a communication network.

[0053] In a representative embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0054] A WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Services Set (BSS) mode can have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP can access or interface with a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic entering and / or leaving the BSS. Traffic originating outside the BSS destined for a STA can be delivered to the STA via the AP. Traffic originating from a STA destined for a destination outside the BSS can be sent to the AP for delivery to the appropriate destination. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be sent via the AP, for example, where a source STA can send traffic to the AP, and the AP can deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. This peer-to-peer traffic can be sent between the source and destination STAs (e.g., directly between the source and destination STAs) using Direct Link Establishment (DLS). In some representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z Tunneled DLS (TDLS). WLANs using the Standalone BSS (IBSS) mode cannot have access points (APs), and STAs within the IBSS or using the IBSS (e.g., all STAs) can communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to as the "ad-hoc" communication mode in this document.

[0055] When using 802.11ac infrastructure operating mode or a similar operating mode, the AP can transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as the primary channel. The primary channel can be of fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz bandwidth) or dynamically configured. The primary channel can be the operating channel of the BSS and can be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In some representative embodiments, such as in an 802.11 system, Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA / CA) with collision avoidance can be implemented. For CSMA / CA, STAs including the AP (e.g., each STA) can listen on the primary channel. If the primary channel is listened to / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, that particular STA can back off. A single STA (e.g., only one station) can transmit at any given time within a given BSS.

[0056] High-throughput (HT) STAs can communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel, for example, by combining a primary 20 MHz channel with adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0057] Very High Throughput (VHT) STAs can support channels with widths of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz. 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channels can be formed by combining consecutive 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel can be formed by combining eight consecutive 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-consecutive 80 MHz channels; this can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data can pass through a segmented parser that divides the data into two streams. Each stream can be processed separately using Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) and time-domain processing. The streams can be mapped onto the two 80 MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the operation of the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the Media Access Control (MAC).

[0058] Operating modes below 1 GHz are supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. The channel operating bandwidth and carrier in 802.11af and 802.11ah are reduced compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV whitespace (TVWS) spectrum, while 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah may support instrument-type control / machine-type communication (MTC), such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities including support for certain and / or limited bandwidths (e.g., only support). MTC devices may include batteries with a battery life exceeding a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0059] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths (e.g., 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah) include a channel that can be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel can have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or limited by the STA that supports the minimum bandwidth operating mode among all STAs operating in the BSS. In the 802.11ah example, for STAs that support (e.g., only support) the 1MHz mode (e.g., MTC type devices), the primary channel can be 1 MHz wide even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier Sense and / or Network Assignment Vector (NAV) settings can depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, because an STA (which only supports the 1 MHz operating mode) is transmitting to the AP, then the entire available band can be considered busy even if most of the available band remains idle.

[0060] In the United States, the available frequency bands for 802.11ah are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz, depending on the country code.

[0061] Figure 1D This is a system diagram illustrating RAN 104 and CN 106 according to an embodiment. As described above, RAN 104 communicates with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116 using NR radio technology. RAN 104 can also communicate with CN 106.

[0062] RAN 104 includes gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c; however, it should be understood that RAN 104 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with the embodiments. Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c includes one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a and 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit and / or receive signals from WTRUs 180a, 180b, and 180c. Therefore, gNB 180a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit and / or receive radio signals from WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, gNB 180a can transmit multiple component carriers to WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement Cooperative Multipoint (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNBs 180a and 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0063] WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable set of parameters. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing can vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the radio transmission spectrum. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of varying lengths or scalable lengths (e.g., containing different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or continuously varying absolute times).

[0064] gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be configured to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in standalone and / or non-standalone configurations. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c without needing to access other RANs (e.g., eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c). In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c as mobility anchors. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using signals in unlicensed frequency bands. In a non-standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate / connect with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, and also with another RAN (such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c). For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement DC principles to communicate essentially simultaneously with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, as well as one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c. In a non-standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c can serve as mobility anchors for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, while gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0065] Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, network fragmentation support, interoperability between DC, NR, and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data to User Plane Functions (UPF) 184a and 184b, routing of control plane information to Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) 182a and 182b, etc. Figure 1D As shown, gNB 180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other via the Xn interface.

[0066] Figure 1DThe CN 106 shown may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although the foregoing elements are depicted as part of CN 106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0067] AMF 182a and 182b can connect to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 104 via the N2 interface and can act as control nodes. For example, AMF 182a and 182b can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting specific SMF 183a and 183b, managing registration areas, terminating Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling, mobility management, and so on. AMF 182a and 182b can use network slicing, for example, to customize CN support for WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c based on the type of service being used by WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c. For example, different network slices can be created for different use cases, such as services that rely on Ultra Reliable Low Latency (URLLC) access, services that rely on Enhanced Massive Mobile Broadband (eMBB) access, and services for MTC access. AMF 182a and 182b can provide control plane functions for handover between RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies (such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies (such as WiFi)).

[0068] SMFs 183a and 183b can connect to AMFs 182a and 182b in CN 106 via the N11 interface. SMFs 183a and 183b can also connect to UPFs 184a and 184b in CN 106 via the N4 interface. SMFs 183a and 183b can select and control UPFs 184a and 184b, and configure them to route traffic through UPFs 184a and 184b. SMFs 183a and 183b can perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, and providing DL data notifications. PDU session types can be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0069] UPF 184a and 184b can connect to one or more of gNB 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 104 via the N3 interface. This provides WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to packet-switched networks (such as Internet 110) to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c and IP-enabled devices. UPF 184 and 184b can perform other functions such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering DL packets, and providing mobility anchoring.

[0070] CN 106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 106 may include, or communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) serving as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108. Furthermore, CN 106 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can be connected to DNs 185a and 185b via UPFs 184a and 184b through their N3 interfaces and the N6 interface between UPFs 184a and 184b and local DNs 185a and 185b.

[0071] Given Figure 1A-1D and Figure 1A-1D As described herein, one or more of the functions described with respect to one or more of the following can be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown): WTRU 102a-d, Base Station 114a-b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and / or any other element devices described herein. An emulation element (one or more) / device can be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more of the functions described herein. For example, an emulation device can be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0072] Simulation devices can be designed to perform one or more tests on other devices in laboratory and / or carrier network environments. For example, one or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more simulation devices may perform one or more or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. Simulation devices may be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or may use over-the-air wireless communication to perform tests.

[0073] One or more simulation devices can perform one or more functions (including all functions) without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, simulation devices can be used in test scenarios within a test laboratory and / or an undeployed (e.g., tested) wired and / or wireless communication network to perform testing of one or more components. One or more simulation devices can be test equipment. Simulation devices can transmit and / or receive data using direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas).

[0074] In one embodiment, the present invention provides one or more methods for a WTRU to perform beam reporting and / or channel state information (CSI) reporting for a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) and to acknowledge (e.g., confirm) the WTRU report via a low-power transmitter. This disclosure provides a WTRU performing beam reporting using a low-power transmitter based on an indicated Transmission Configuration Index (TCI) state and a corresponding indicated set of TCI states. If the determined set of TCI states is the same as or similar to the indicated set of TCI states, the WTRU indicates the result via the low-power transmitter. If the determined set of TCI states is different, the WTRU activates the Master Radio (MR) and reports the MR beam report. In one embodiment, this disclosure also provides one or more methods for a WTRU to perform CSI reporting using a low-power transmitter based on the latest MR CSI report. If the determined CSI parameters (e.g., Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)) are the same as or similar, the WTRU indicates the result via the low-power transmitter. If the determined CSI parameters are different, the WTRU activates the MR and reports the MR CSI report. In one embodiment, this disclosure also provides one or more methods for receiving acknowledgments (e.g., confirmations) of WTRU reports via a low-power transmitter. If the WTRU does not receive an acknowledgment before a timer and / or counter expires, the WTRU activates the MR and instructs the MR to report.

[0075] Figure 2This is an exemplary simplified receiver architecture according to an embodiment, illustrating a WTRU with a low-power radio (LR). The WTRU may include a first antenna 210 coupled to LR 212, a second antenna 220 coupled to MR 222, a baseband processor 230, and an application processor 240. In one example, LR 212 may be a low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUS). LP-WUS monitoring has the potential to reduce power consumption of the WTRU and other small battery-powered devices. This can be achieved by using a separate ultra-low-power receiver (e.g., LR 212) that can monitor one or more wake-up signals (WUS) and trigger MR 222, which is dedicated to data and / or control signal transmission and / or reception, such as... Figure 2 As shown.

[0076] In one example, the WTRU may include a radio device that can be configured to function as both an LR212 and an MR 222. This is because the radio device can operate in a low-power mode while acting as an LR 212. The radio device may be connected to a first antenna 210 and a second antenna 220. In one example, the radio device may be connected to a single antenna configured to transmit and / or receive signals (e.g., synchronization signals (SS) etc.) and / or low-power signals (e.g., LP-WUS) in one or more power modes.

[0077] TR38.869 identifies several performance advantages of LP-WUS not only for idle and / or inactive modes but also for connected modes. For idle and / or inactive modes, support for Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements of the LP-WUS is emphasized to achieve power-saving gains. Unlike idle and / or inactive modes, when supporting CSI and / or beam reporting in connected mode, it is assumed that the MR supports this operation. However, activating the MR for CSI and / or beam reporting in connected mode significantly reduces the power-saving gains due to MR activation. This disclosure provides techniques for WTRUs to support CSI and / or beam reporting when the LP-WUS is activated and / or the MR is deactivated.

[0078] In one embodiment, a method for supporting a low-power transmitter to perform beam reporting is provided. The WTRU receives configuration information indicating: one or more reference signal (RS) resources (e.g., low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS), etc.), a threshold for the difference in TCI set IDs, one or more TCI state sets (where each TCI state is configured with a TCI state set ID), a first uplink (UL) resource, a second UL resource, a first sequence associated with the current TCI state set having the first TCI state set ID (e.g., the TCI state set associated with the currently indicated TCI state), and / or a second sequence associated with other TCI state sets (each TCI state set having a corresponding TCI state set ID). The WTRU receives an indication of the TCI state of one or more DL channels (e.g., receives a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and / or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), etc.). The WTRU receives an indication to activate LP-WUS and / or deactivate MR.

[0079] The WTRU measures one or more RSs and determines a TCI state based on the measurement (e.g., the best quality TCI state, also referred to as the best TCI state). If the determined TCI state (e.g., the best TCI state) is in the same TCI state set as the indicated TCI state, the WTRU transmits the first sequence in the first UL resource (e.g., the newly measured beam is a beam similar to the currently indicated beam).

[0080] If the determined TCI state is not in the same TCI state set as the indicated TCI state, and the absolute value of the difference between the set ID of the determined TCI state and the set ID of the indicated TCI state is less than the TCI set ID difference threshold (i.e., the set ID of the determined TCI state - the set ID of the indicated TCI state < TCI set ID difference threshold), the WTRU transmits the second sequence in the first UL resource (i.e., the newly measured beam is a beam different from the currently indicated beam, but the difference is not significant).

[0081] If the determined TCI state is not in the same set of TCI states as the indicated TCI state, and the absolute value of the difference between the set ID of the determined TCI state and the set ID of the indicated TCI state is greater than the TCI set ID difference threshold (i.e., the set ID of the determined TCI state – the set ID of the indicated TCI state > the TCI set ID difference threshold), then the WTRU activates MR and sends an MR beam report in the second UL resource (e.g., one or more measurements using CRI and / or Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) Resource Indicator (SSBRI) and / or the corresponding Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP), etc.) (e.g., the newly measured beam is a beam that is significantly different from the currently indicated beam).

[0082] In one example, if the determined TCI state set is set to #1, the WTRU needs to activate the MR. If the determined TCI state set is set to #2, the WTRU sends a second sequence. If the determined TCI state set is set to #3, which is the same as the currently indicated TCI state set (i.e., the currently active TCI state set), the WTRU sends a first sequence. If the determined TCI state set is set to #4, the WTRU sends a second sequence. If the determined TCI state set is set to #5, the WTRU needs to activate the MR.

[0083] In one embodiment, a method for supporting CSI reporting by a low-power transmitter is provided. The WTRU receives configuration information indicating the following: one or more RS resources (e.g., the LP-SS), a first threshold for the CQI difference, a second threshold for the CQI difference, the first UL resource, the second UL resource, a first sequence associated with the first threshold, and / or a second sequence associated with the second threshold. The WTRU uses the CQI to indicate CSI reporting. The WTRU receives indications to activate the LP-WUS and / or deactivate the MR. The WTRU measures one or more RSs and determines the CSI, including the CQI, based on the measurement.

[0084] If the absolute value of the difference between the determined CQI and the reported CQI (e.g., based on the use of MR) is less than a first threshold for the CQI difference (i.e., determined CQI - reported CQI < first threshold), then the WTRU sends a first sequence in the first UL resource.

[0085] If the absolute value of the difference between the determined CQI and the reported CQI (e.g., based on the use of MR) is less than a second threshold for the CQI difference, for example, if the CQI difference is greater than a first threshold and less than a second threshold (i.e., determined CQI - reported CQI < second threshold), then the WTRU sends a second sequence in the first UL resource.

[0086] If the absolute value of the difference between the determined CQI and the reported CQI (e.g., based on the use of MR) is greater than a second threshold for the CQI difference (i.e., determined CQI - reported CQI > second threshold), then the WTRU activates MR and sends an MR CSI report in the second UL resource.

[0087] In one embodiment, a method is provided for acknowledgment (e.g., confirmation) via LP-WUS WTRU reporting. The WTRU receives configuration information indicating one or more RS resources (e.g., LP-SS), a first UL resource, a second UL resource, timers and / or counters, and one or more DL resources for LP-WUS. The WTRU receives instructions to activate LP-WUS and / or deactivate MR. The WTRU measures one or more RSs and determines CSI and / or beam information for LP reporting. The WTRU transmits and / or reports CSI and / or beam information in the first UL resource via an LP transmitter. The WTRU starts a timer and / or counter for the first report (e.g., after LP-WUS activation). The WTRU monitors one or more DL resources for acknowledgment (e.g., confirmation) of the LP-WUS reported by the WTRU until the timer and / or counter expires.

[0088] If the WTRU receives an acknowledgment via LP-WUS before the timer and / or counter expires, the WTRU continues to monitor LP-WUS and reports beam and / or CSI via the LP transmitter.

[0089] Upon receiving the confirmation, the WTRU resets the timer and / or the counter.

[0090] If the WTRU does not receive an acknowledgment via LP-WUS after the timer and / or counter expires, the WTRU activates the MR and instructs the MR to report in the second UL resource.

[0091] In one example, the WTRU can transmit and / or receive one or more physical channels and / or one or more reference signals based on at least one spatial domain filter. The term "beam" can be used to refer to one or more spatial domain filters. The WTRU can transmit one or more physical channels and / or one or more reference signals using the same spatial domain filter used to receive one or more RS (e.g., Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS)) and / or SS blocks. The WTRU transmission can be referred to as the "target," and the received RS and / or SS blocks can be referred to as the "reference" and / or "source." In this case, the WTRU can transmit the target physical channel and / or target reference signal based on the spatial relationship of the reference RS and / or SS blocks. The WTRU can transmit a first physical channel and / or a first signal based on the same spatial domain filter used to transmit a second physical channel and / or a second signal. The first transmission and the second transmission can be referred to as the "target" and "reference" (and / or "source," respectively). In this case, the WTRU can transmit a first (e.g., target) physical channel and / or a first signal based on the spatial relationship of the reference second (e.g., reference) physical channel and / or second signal. Spatial relationships can be implicit, configured by Radio Resource Control (RRC), and / or signaled by Medium Access Control-Control Element (MAC CE) and / or Downlink Control Information (DCI). In one example, the WTRU can implicitly transmit the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) and the Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS) of the PUSCH based on the same spatial domain filters as those indicated by the SRI, in the DCI, and / or configured by the RRC. In another example, spatial relationships can be configured by the RRC for the SRS Resource Indicator (SRI) and / or signaled by the MAC CE for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). This spatial relationship can also be referred to as "beam indication." The WTRU can receive a first (e.g., target) downlink channel and / or a first signal based on the same spatial domain filters and / or spatial reception parameters as a second (e.g., reference) downlink channel and / or a second signal. In one example, this association can exist between physical channels such as PDCCH and / or PDSCH and their corresponding DM-RS. In one example, this association may exist at least when the first and / or second signals are reference signals, and when the WTRU is configured with a quasi-co-location (QCL) assumption type D between one or more corresponding antenna ports. In one example, this association can be configured as a TCI state. The association between the CSI-RS and / or SS block and the DM-RS can be indicated to the WTRU via an index of the set of TCI states signaled by the RRC configuration and / or MAC CE. This indication may also be referred to as "beam indication".

[0092] Below, according to one or more embodiments, a Transmit and Receive Point (TRP) may be used interchangeably with one or more of a Transmit Point (TP), Receive Point (RP), Radio Remote Header (RRH), Distributed Antenna (DA), Base Station (BS), sectors and / or cells of the BS (e.g., a geographic cell area served by the BS). Below, according to one or more embodiments, multiple TRPs may be used interchangeably with one or more of an MTRP, M-TRP, and multiple TRPs.

[0093] The WTRU may report a subset of CSI components, which may correspond to at least one of the following: CRI, SSBRI, indications of panels received at the WTRU (e.g., but not limited to panel identifiers and / or group identifiers), measurements (e.g., but not limited to L1-RSRP, Layer 1 signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (L1-SINR) obtained from SSB and / or CSI-RS (e.g., cri-RSRP, cri-SINR, ssb-Index-RSRP, and / or ssb-Index-SINR, etc.)), and / or other channel state information (e.g., but not limited to rank indicator (RI), channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), and / or layer index (LI), etc.).

[0094] The WTRU can receive synchronization signals and / or physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) blocks. SS / PBCH blocks (i.e., SSBs) may include primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS), and / or physical broadcast channels (PBCHs). The WTRU can monitor, receive, and / or attempt to decode SSBs during initial access, initial synchronization, radio link monitoring (RLM), cell search, and / or cell handover.

[0095] The WTRU can measure and / or report CSI, where the CSI for each connectivity mode can include one or more parameters and / or be configured with one or more parameters. In the example, the CSI can include and / or be configured with CSI reporting configurations, which include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: CSI reporting volume, such as CQI, RI, PMI, CRI, and / or LI; CSI reporting type, such as non-periodic, semi-persistent, and / or periodic; CSI reporting codebook configuration, such as Type I, Type II, and / or Type II port selection; and / or CSI reporting frequency.

[0096] In the example, CSI may include a set of CSI-RS resources and / or a set of CSI-RS resources configured, the set of CSI-RS resources including one or more of the CSI resource settings, such as, but not limited to, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources for channel measurements; NZP-CSI-RS resources for interference measurements; and / or CSI-IM resources for interference measurements, etc.

[0097] In the example, CSI may include NZP CSI-RS resources and / or be configured with NZP CSI-RS resources, which include one or more of the following: NZP CSI-RS resource ID; period and / or offset; QCL information and / or TCI status, etc.; and / or resource mapping, such as number of ports, density, CDM type, etc.

[0098] A WTRU can indicate, identify, and / or configure one or more reference signals. The WTRU can monitor, receive, and / or measure one or more parameters based on the corresponding reference signals.

[0099] In the example, the SS reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) can be measured based on one or more synchronization signals (e.g., DMRS and / or SSS in the PBCH). SS-RSRP can be defined as the linear average of the power contributions of one or more resource elements (REs) carrying one or more corresponding synchronization signals. Power scaling of one or more reference signals may be necessary when measuring RSRP. In the case of SS-RSRP used for L1-RSRP, the measurement can also be performed based on one or more CSI reference signals in addition to one or more synchronization signals.

[0100] In the example, the CSI reference signal received power (CSI-RSRP) can be measured based on the linear average of the power contributions of one or more REs carrying the corresponding CSI-RS. The CSI-RSRP measurement can be configured within one or more measurement resources used for the configured CSI-RS timing.

[0101] In one example, the SS signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SS-SINR) can be measured based on one or more synchronization signals (e.g., DMRS and / or SSS in PBCH). SS-SINR can be defined as the linear average of the power contributions of one or more REs carrying the corresponding synchronization signal divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contributions. In the case of SS-SINR used for L1-SINR, noise and interference power measurements can be performed based on one or more resources configured by one or more higher layers.

[0102] In the example, CSI-SINR can be measured based on the linear average of the power contributions of one or more REs carrying the corresponding CSI-RS divided by the linear average of the noise and / or interference power contributions. In one example, if CSI-SINR is used for L1-SINR, the noise and / or interference power measurement can be performed based on one or more resources configured by one or more higher layers. In another example, noise and / or interference power can be measured based on one or more resources carrying the corresponding CSI-RS.

[0103] In the example, the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) can be measured based on the average of the total power contribution across one or more configured OFDM symbols and the bandwidth. Power contributions can be received from different resources, such as co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, and / or thermal noise.

[0104] In the example, the Cross-Layer Interference Received Signal Strength Indicator (CLI-RSSI) can be measured based on the average of the total power contribution across one or more configured OFDM symbols using configured time and / or frequency resources. Power contributions can be received from different resources (e.g., cross-layer interference, co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, and / or thermal noise, etc.).

[0105] In the example, the probe reference signal RSRP (SRS-RSRP) can be measured based on the linear average of the power contributions of one or more REs carrying the corresponding SRS.

[0106] In the example, the secondary synchronization reference signal reception quality (SS-RSRQ) can be measured based on one or more measurements such as SS-RSRP and / or RSSI. In one example, SS-RSRQ can be determined as the ratio of N × SS-RSRP / NR carrier RSSI, where N can be determined based on the number of resource blocks in the corresponding NR carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth. In one example, one or more measurements to be used in the numerator (i.e., N × SS-RSRP) and / or denominator (NR carrier RSSI) can be on the same set of resource blocks.

[0107] In the example, the CSI reference signal reception quality (CSI-RSRQ) can be measured based on one or more measurements of CSI-RSRP and / or RSSI. In the example, SS-RSRQ can be determined as the ratio of N × CSI-RSRP / CSI-RSSI, where N can be determined based on the number of resource blocks in the corresponding CSI-RSSI measurement bandwidth. In the example, the measurements to be used in the numerator (N × CSI-RSRP) and / or denominator (CSI-RSSI) can be on the same set of resource blocks.

[0108] In one example, a CSI report configuration (e.g., CSI report setup) can be associated with a single BWP (e.g., indicated by BWP-Id), wherein one or more of the following parameters can be configured: one or more CSI-RS resources and / or sets of CSI-RS resources for channel and / or interference measurements; CSI-RS report configuration type, including periodic, semi-persistent, and / or aperiodic; CSI-RS transmission period for one or more periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI reports; CSI-RS transmission slot offset for periodic, semi-persistent, and / or aperiodic CSI reports, etc.; for one or more A list of CSI-RS transmission slot offsets for semi-persistent and / or non-periodic CSI reports; one or more time constraints for channel measurements and / or interference measurements; reporting band configurations (e.g., wideband CQI and / or subband CQI, and / or PMI, etc.); one or more calculated thresholds and / or modes for one or more reporting quantities (e.g., CQI, RSRP, SINR, LI, and / or RI, etc.); codebook configuration; group-based beam reporting, CQI table; subband size, non-PMI port indication, and / or port index, etc.

[0109] In one example, a CSI-RS resource set (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet) may include one or more CSI-RS resources (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-Resource and / or CSI-ResourceConfig, etc.), wherein one or more of the following can be configured for the WTRU in the CSI-RS resources: CSI-RS period and slot offset for one or more periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI-RS resources; CSI-RS resource mapping, which defines the number, density, CDM type, OFDM symbol and / or subcarrier occupancy of CSI-RS ports; bandwidth portion, to which the configured CSI-RS are allocated; and references to TCI states, which include one or more QCL source RSs and one or more corresponding QCL types.

[0110] In one example, one or more configurations can be used for an RS resource set. For example, a WTRU can be configured with one or more RS resource sets. The one or more RS resource set configurations can include one or more of the following: an RS resource set ID; the one or more RS resources used for the RS resource set; repetition (i.e., on or off); a non-periodic trigger offset (e.g., one of 0-6 time slots); and / or TRS information (e.g., true or false), etc.

[0111] In one example, one or more configurations can be used for RS resources. For example, a WTRU can be configured with one or more RS resources. The one or more RS resource configurations can include one or more of the following: RS resource ID; resource mapping (e.g., one or more REs in a PRB); power control offset (e.g., a value of -8, ..., 15); power control offset relative to the SS (e.g., -3 dB, 0 dB, 3 dB, 6 dB); scrambling ID; period and / or offset; and / or QCL information (e.g., based on TCI state), etc.

[0112] In one embodiment, granting and / or assignment may have one or more attributes, such as, but not limited to: frequency allocation; aspects of time allocation, such as, but not limited to, duration; priority; modulation and coding scheme; transport block size; number of spatial layers; number of transport blocks; TCI status, CRI, and / or SRI; number of repetitions; whether the repetition scheme is type A or type B; whether the grant is a configured grant type 1, type 2, or dynamic grant; whether the assignment is a dynamic assignment or a semi-persistent scheduling (configured) assignment; the configured grant index and / or semi-persistent assignment index; the periodicity of the configured granting and / or assignment; Channel Access Priority Class (CAPC); and any parameters in the DCI, provided by the MAC, and / or by the RRC for scheduling granting and / or assignment, etc.

[0113] In the example, the indication of a DCI may include information such as, but not limited to, explicit indications via the DCI field and / or via an RNTI used to mask and / or scramble the CRC of the DCI. In the example, the indication may include implicit indications by one or more attributes such as, but not limited to, the DCI format, DCI size, core set and / or search space, aggregation level, and the first resource element of the received DCI (e.g., the index of the first control channel element), wherein the mapping between attributes and values ​​may be signaled by RRC and / or MAC. Receiving and / or monitoring a DCI with and / or using an RNTI may mean masking and / or scrambling the CRC of the DCI using the RNTI.

[0114] In one or more embodiments, the signal may be used interchangeably with one or more of the following: SRS, CSI-RS, DM-RS, phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS); and / or SSB, etc.

[0115] In one or more embodiments, the channel may be used interchangeably with one or more of the following: PDCCH, PDSCH, PUCCH, PUSCH and / or Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), etc.

[0116] In one or more embodiments of this disclosure, signals, channels, and / or messages (e.g., in DL signals and / or UL signals, channels, and / or messages, etc.) are used interchangeably. In one or more embodiments of this disclosure, RS can be used interchangeably with one or more RS resources, one or more sets of RS resources, one or more RS ports, and / or one or more groups of RS ports, etc. In one or more embodiments of this disclosure, RS can be used interchangeably with one or more of SSB, CSI-RS, SRS and / or DM-RS, TRS, PRS, and / or PTRS. In one or more embodiments of this disclosure, time instances, time slots, symbols, and / or subframes are used interchangeably. In one or more embodiments of this disclosure, the terms "SSB," "SS / PBCH block," "PSS," "SSS," "PBCH," and / or "MIB" are used interchangeably. In one or more embodiments of this disclosure, one or more solutions for beam resource prediction can be used for one or more beam resources belonging to a single and / or multiple cells and a single and / or multiple TRPs. In one or more embodiments of this disclosure, CSI reports may be used interchangeably with CSI measurements, beam reports, and / or beam measurements. In one or more embodiments of this disclosure, RS resource sets may be used interchangeably with beam groups.

[0117] Figure 3 An exemplary single bit in an OFDM symbol according to one or more embodiments is shown. In one example, multiple waveforms can be used to generate LP-WUS, where k can be the size of the iFFT of CP-OFDMA, N can be the number of SCs used in LP-WUS, and LP-WUS includes one or more potential guard bands. Examples of waveforms include, but are not limited to, on-off keying (OOK), which includes a first option (i.e., OOK-1) (e.g., wideband transmission), such as a single bit in an OFDM symbol. One or more SCs in LP-WUS can be OOK = 1, for example, all SCs are modulated, and / or OOK = 0 can be, for example, all SCs are zero power (from the baseband perspective).

[0118] Figure 4 An example of using multi-bit frequency domain multiplexing in OFDM symbols according to one or more embodiments is shown. In the example, the second option OOK-2 may include a parallel M-bit OOK in the frequency domain. The N SCs of LP-WUS can also be divided into M segments ( Figure 4 In the case of M = 2), there may be guard bands between and / or around the segments. OOK = 1 can mean that all SCs in the segment are modulated. OOK = 0 can mean that all SCs in the segment are at zero power (from the baseband perspective).

[0119] Figure 5 An exemplary multi-tone single-bit OOK is illustrated according to one or more embodiments. In one example, a third option OOK-3 may include a multi-tone single-bit OOK. In one example, the N SCs of LP-WUS can be divided into L segments ( Figure 4 In the case of L = 2), there is no guard band between segments, but there may be a guard band around the segments. In OOK = 1, the subcarriers (WTRU known) of each segment are modulated, and the rest of the SC can be zero power (from the baseband perspective). OOK = 0 can mean that all SCs in all segments are zero power (from the baseband perspective).

[0120] Figure 6 Examples of using multi-bit time-domain multiplexing in OFDM symbols according to one or more embodiments are shown. In one example, the fourth option OOK-4 may include transforming M-bit OOK in the time domain. The N SCs of OOK-1 can be generated by transformation (e.g., DFT and / or least squares) 604. N' samples can be generated from M bits. Signal modification 602 may or may not be used. Truncation and / or other additional modifications 606 may or may not be used, and if not used, N may be the same as N'. N' may be the same as K.

[0121] In FSK, specifically in the first option FSK-1, the N SCs of LP-WUS can be divided into one or more segments in M ​​pairs, with potential guard bands between and around the segments. A segment can include a subcarrier and / or multiple consecutive SCs. In one example, within a pair of segments, one segment can be modulated, and the other segment can be zero power (from a baseband perspective).

[0122] In the second option, FSK-2, the N SCs of LP-WUS can be divided into 2^M segments, with potential guard bands between and around the segments. Each segment can include one subcarrier and / or multiple consecutive SCs. In one example, one segment from the 2^M segments can be modulated, while the other segments of the SCs can be zero power (from a baseband perspective).

[0123] In CP-OFDM (OFDMA), one or more OFDM-based modulation symbols and / or sequences (e.g., PSS sequences and / or SSS sequences, etc.) can be used for CP-OFDM (OFDMA)-based LP-WUS.

[0124] In one example, a mixed waveform can be used for LP-WUS generation. For instance, a combination of OOK and OFDMA can be used by applying an OFDM sequence to OOK modulation. In another example, a combination of OOK and FSK can be used.

[0125] In one implementation, the WTRU can be configured with one or more LP-WUS monitoring configurations. In one example, the monitoring type (e.g., continuous and / or duty cycle, etc.), monitoring window (e.g., period and / or offset, etc.), LP-WUS bandwidth, and / or LP-SS configuration can be configured. If the WTRU receives and / or detects one or more LP-WUS, the WTRU can apply one or more procedures after receiving and / or detecting one or more LP-WUS.

[0126] In one example, to monitor the PDCCH, the WTRU can be woken up (e.g., activate MR and / or deactivate LR (e.g., LP-WUR)) and begin monitoring the PDCCH (e.g., for paging, etc.).

[0127] In one example, the WTRU can perform SI updates because it can apply SI updates based on received LP-WUS. In one example, the WTRU can apply one or more indicated SI sets (e.g., indicated by LP-WUS) after receiving one or more LP-WUS. In another example, the WTRU can receive updated SIs (e.g., via LP-WUS and / or PDSCH after MR activation).

[0128] In one example, the WTRU can perform the application of paging-related information updates. This is because the WTRU can apply the updates based on received LP-WUS. In one example, the WTRU can apply one or more indicated sets of paging-related information (e.g., indicated by LP-WUS) after receiving one or more LP-WUS. In another example, the WTRU can receive updated paging-related information (e.g., via one or more LP-WUS and / or PDSCH after MR activation).

[0129] If the WTRU does not receive and / or detects one or more LP-WUS, the WTRU may continue to monitor LP-WUS based on one or more LP-WUS monitoring configurations.

[0130] In one embodiment, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating one or more LP-WUS resources. In one example, the LP-WUS resources may be a set of configurations for receiving LP-WUS. In one example, the configuration of the LP-WUS resources may include one or more of the following: one or more signal structures, one or more waveforms, one or more monitoring types, one or more frequency resources, and / or one or more time resources, etc.

[0131] In one example, the WTRU can receive configuration information indicating the signal structure. In this case, the WTRU can receive one or more of the following: support for the energy harvesting sequence, preamble and / or preamble length (if configured), etc.

[0132] In one example, the WTRU can receive configuration information indicating waveforms. In this case, the WTRU can receive one or more of the following as one or more waveforms of LP-WUS: OOK-1, OOK-4, and / or OFDMA, etc.

[0133] In one example, the WTRU can receive configuration information indicating the type of monitoring. In this case, the WTRU can receive one or more of the following: continuous monitoring and / or duty cycle monitoring, etc.

[0134] In one example, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating one or more frequency resources. In this case, the WTRU may receive the configuration information based on one or more of the following: one or more RBs, one or more subbands, and / or one or more BWPs, etc., to indicate the one or more frequency resources used to receive the LP-WUS.

[0135] In one example, the WTRU can receive configuration information indicating one or more time resources. In this case, the WTRU can receive the configuration information based on one or more of the following: period and / or one or more offsets, etc. The configuration indication can be based on one or more OFDM symbols, us, and / or time slots, etc.

[0136] In one embodiment, this disclosure provides a method for WTRU beam reporting supported by an LR (e.g., LP-WUR). In this case, the WTRU may receive one or more configurations of one or more RS resources (e.g., LP-SS, etc.), at least one TCI set ID difference threshold, one or more TCI state sets, wherein each TCI set is configured with a corresponding TCI state set ID, a first UL resource, a second UL resource, a first sequence associated with the current TCI state set (e.g., the currently indicated TCI state set), and a second sequence associated with other TCI state sets (each having a corresponding TCI state set ID).

[0137] The WTRU receives an indication of the TCI state for one or more DL channels (e.g., receiving PDSCH and / or PDCCH). The WTRU receives an indication to activate LP-WUS and / or deactivate MR. The WTRU measures one or more RSs and determines the TCI state based on the measurement (e.g., the best quality TCI state).

[0138] If the determined TCI state is in the same set of TCI states as the indicated TCI state (i.e., the absolute value of the difference between the set ID associated with the determined TCI state and the set ID associated with the indicated TCI state is zero, i.e., TCI set ID difference = 0), the WTRU transmits a first sequence in a first UL resource (e.g., the newly measured beam is similar to the currently indicated beam).

[0139] If the determined TCI state is not in the same set of TCI states as the indicated TCI state and the absolute value of the difference between the set ID associated with the determined TCI state and the set ID associated with the indicated TCI state is less than the TCI set ID difference threshold (i.e., set ID of the best TCI state - set ID of the indicated TCI state < TCI set ID difference threshold), the WTRU may transmit a second sequence in the first UL resource (e.g., the newly measured beam is a beam different from the currently indicated beam, but the difference is not significant).

[0140] If the set ID associated with the determined TCI state is not in the same set of TCI states as the indicated TCI state and the absolute value of the difference between the set ID associated with the determined TCI state and the set ID associated with the indicated TCI state is greater than the TCI set ID difference threshold (i.e., set ID of the best TCI state - set ID of the indicated TCI state > TCI set ID difference threshold), the WTRU may activate MR and transmit an MR beam report in a second UL resource (e.g., one or more measurements using CRI and / or SSBRI and the corresponding L1-RSRP) (e.g., the newly measured beam is a beam significantly different from the currently indicated beam).

[0141] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, TCI states may be used interchangeably with TCI state sets. In one solution, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating one or more of the following: the one or more RS resources (e.g., LP-SS), the one or more thresholds (e.g., one or more thresholds for TCI set ID differences and / or one or more thresholds for TCI state ID differences); the one or more TCI state sets, wherein each TCI state is configured with a TCI state ID and / or a TCI state set ID; one or more first UL resources; one or more second UL resources; and / or one or more sequence configurations, etc. In one example, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating a first sequence. The first sequence may be associated with a current TCI state set having a first TCI state set ID (e.g., a set of currently indicated TCI states). In one example, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating a second sequence. The second sequence may be associated with other TCI state sets (each having a corresponding TCI state set ID). In one example, the one or more sequences may be based on one or more of the Zadoff-Chu sequence, the M sequence, and / or the Golay sequence, etc.

[0142] In one embodiment, based on this configuration, the WTRU can receive indications of TCI status (and / or, for example, SRI) for one or more DL channels. These indications can be based on one or more of RRC, MAC CE, and / or DCI. In one example, the indication can indicate one or more active TCI states (e.g., via MAC CE) from a set of one or more configured TCI states (e.g., via RRC, etc.). The indicated TCI state can be used for one or more of the following: receiving PDSCH; receiving PDCCH; receiving DL RS; transmitting PUSCH; transmitting PUCCH; and / or transmitting UL RS, etc.

[0143] In one embodiment, based on this configuration, the WTRU can, for example, indicate a beam report with a beam ID associated with the determined beam (e.g., the optimal beam) via one or more CRIs and / or SSBRIs. This indication can be made in one or more second UL resources. The indication can be based on one or more of PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, and / or UL RS.

[0144] In one embodiment, the WTRU can receive an activation message from the gNB indicating the activation of LP-WUS. The activation message can be based on one or more of the following: RRC, MAC CE, and / or DCI. If DCI-based activation messages are supported, the DCI can be a WTRU-specific DCI (e.g., part of the PDSCH schedule and / or PUSCH schedule, etc.). In another example, the DCI can be a group-specific DCI.

[0145] In one embodiment, the WTRU can determine activation and / or deactivation based on WTRU measurements and / or WTRU implementation. In one example, the WTRU can measure one or more RS (e.g., LP-SS). Based on this measurement, the WTRU can determine quality (e.g., RSRP). Based on the determined quality, the WTRU can determine activation and / or deactivation (e.g., the measured quality is greater than or less than a corresponding threshold). In addition to the measured quality, other metrics may also be used, such as, but not limited to, WTRU traffic volume, time since the most recent transmission and / or reception, etc.

[0146] In one embodiment, the WTRU may measure one or more RSs (e.g., one or more LP-SSs configured via RRC) after activating LP-WUS, for example via LR (e.g., LP-WUR). Based on this measurement, the WTRU may determine one or more RS resources (e.g., those with optimal quality, such as RSRP, RSRQ, and / or SINR, etc.)). Based on the determined quality, the WTRU may determine one or more associated TCI states and / or one or more associated TCI state sets having the determined one or more RS resources. This determination may be based on one or more of the following: TCI state ID and / or TCI state set ID, etc.

[0147] In one example, the WTRU can determine the TCI state ID based on one or more identified RS resources. In another example, the WTRU can identify associated TCI states that are configured with one or more identified RS resources (e.g., for QCL type D). Based on the identified TCI states, the WTRU can identify the TCI state ID.

[0148] In one example, the WTRU can determine the TCI state set ID based on one or more identified RS resources. In another example, the WTRU can identify associated TCI states, each configured with one or more identified RS resources (e.g., for QCL type D). Based on the identified TCI states, the WTRU can identify the TCI state set ID (e.g., based on the configured TCI state set ID).

[0149] In one embodiment, WTRU may support WTRU reporting based on the identified TCI state ID and / or TCI state set ID.

[0150] In one embodiment, if the identified TCI state is in the same set of TCI states as the indicated TCI state (e.g., via DCI and / or MAC CE) and / or the reported TCI state (e.g., via MR reported in the second UL resource), the WTRU may transmit a first sequence in the first UL resource (e.g., the newly measured beam is similar to the currently indicated beam).

[0151] In one embodiment, if the identified TCI state is not in the same TCI state set as the indicated TCI state (e.g., via DCI and / or MAC CE) and / or the reported TCI state (e.g., via MR reported in the second UL resource), and the absolute value of the difference between the identified TCI state ID and / or TCI state set ID and the TCI state ID and / or TCI state set ID of the indicated and / or reported TCI state is less than a threshold, then the WTRU may transmit a second sequence in the first UL resource (e.g., the newly measured beam is different from the currently indicated beam, but the difference is not significant).

[0152] In one embodiment, if the identified TCI state is not in the same set of TCI states as the indicated TCI state (e.g., via DCI and / or MAC CE) and / or the reported TCI state (e.g., via MR reported in a second UL resource), and the absolute value of the difference between the set ID of the identified TCI state and the TCI state ID of the indicated and / or reported TCI state and / or the set ID of the TCI state is greater than a threshold, then the WTRU may activate MR and transmit an MR beam report in the second UL resource (e.g., an indication of one or more RS resources (e.g., LP-SS) with one or more CRIs and / or SSBRIs and / or corresponding L1-RS) (e.g., the newly measured beam is significantly different from the currently indicated beam).

[0153] The following Table 2 describes a non-restrictive example of WTRU operation using the determined TCI state set: Table 2

[0154] Table 3 below describes a non-restrictive example of a WTRU indication using the determined TCI state set, for WTRU indication type 1: Table 3

[0155] Table 4 below describes a non-restrictive example of a WTRU indication using the determined TCI state set, for WTRU indication type 2: Table 4

[0156] Table 5 below describes non-restrictive examples of WTRU indications using the determined TCI state set for WTRU indication type 3: Table 5

[0157] Table 6 below describes a non-restrictive example of a WTRU indication using the determined TCI state set, for WTRU indication type 4: Table 6

[0158] In one implementation, the WTRU indication type can be based on the identified TCI state ID and / or TCI state set ID. In one example, if the identified TCI state ID and / or TCI state set ID is greater than a first threshold, the WTRU can determine a first WTRU indication type (e.g., WTRU indication type 3). If the identified TCI state ID and / or TCI state set ID is less than a second threshold, the WTRU can determine a second WTRU indication type (e.g., WTRU indication type 4). The first threshold and / or the second threshold can be the same.

[0159] In one or more embodiments of this disclosure, a method for supporting CSI reporting by a low-power transmitter is provided.

[0160] The WTRU receives configuration information indicating one or more RS resources (e.g., LP-SS), a first threshold for CQI difference, a second threshold for CQI difference, a first UL resource, a second UL resource, a first sequence associated with the first threshold, and / or a second sequence associated with the second threshold, etc.

[0161] The WTRU uses CQI to indicate CSI reporting. The WTRU receives indications to activate LP-WUS and / or deactivate MR. The WTRU measures one or more RSs and determines the CSI, including CQI, based on those measurements.

[0162] If the absolute values ​​of the determined CQI and the reported CQI (e.g., based on MR usage) are less than a first threshold, the WTRU sends a first sequence in the first UL resource. If the absolute value of the determined CQI and the reported CQI (e.g., based on MR usage) is less than a second threshold, the WTRU sends a second sequence in the first UL resource (e.g., the difference is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold). If the absolute value of the determined CQI and the reported CQI (e.g., based on MR usage) is greater than the second threshold, the WTRU activates MR and sends an MR CSI report in the second UL resource.

[0163] In the following, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the CSI parameter may be used interchangeably with one or more of CRI, RI, PI, PMI, CQI, Doppler frequency, Doppler spread, delay spread and / or WTRU mobility, etc.

[0164] In one embodiment, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating one or more of the following: one or more RS resources (e.g., LP-SS); one or more thresholds (e.g., for one or more CSI parameters); one or more CSI-related configuration sets including CSI parameters for reporting; one or more first UL resources; one or more second UL resources; and / or one or more sequence configurations, etc. In one example, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating a first sequence. The first sequence may be associated with a first CSI parameter set (e.g., one or more latest CSI parameter sets). In one example, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating a second sequence. The second sequence may be associated with other CSI parameter sets (e.g., one or more other CSI parameter sets). The one or more sequences may be based on one or more of the Zadoff-Chu sequence, M sequence, Golay sequence, etc.

[0165] In one embodiment, based on this configuration, the WTRU can indicate one or more CSI parameters (e.g., via CSI reporting). For example, the indication may include one or more of CRI, RI, PI, PMI, CQI, Doppler frequency, Doppler spread, delay spread, and / or WTRU mobility. The indication can be made in one or more second UL resources. The indication can be based on one or more of PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, and / or UL RS.

[0166] In one embodiment, the WTRU can receive an LP-WUS activation message from the gNB. The activation message can be based on one or more of RRC, MAC CE, and / or DCI. If DCI-based activation messages are supported, the DCI can be a WTRU-specific DCI (e.g., part of the PDSCH and / or PUSCH schedules). In another example, the DCI can be a group-specific DCI.

[0167] In one embodiment, the WTRU can determine activation and / or deactivation based on WTRU measurements and / or WTRU implementation. In one example, the WTRU can measure one or more RS (e.g., LP-SS). Based on this measurement, the WTRU can determine quality (e.g., RSRP). Based on the determined quality, the WTRU can determine activation and / or deactivation (e.g., the measured quality is greater than or less than a corresponding threshold). One or more other metrics (e.g., WTRU traffic volume, time since the most recent transmission and / or reception, etc.) can be used instead of the measured quality.

[0168] In one embodiment, the WTRU may, for example, measure one or more RSs (e.g., LP-SS configured via RRC) via LR (e.g., LP-WUR) after LP-WUS is activated. The WTRU may determine one or more CSI parameters (e.g., one or more of CRI, RI, PI, PMI, CQI, Doppler frequency, Doppler spread, delay spread, WTRU mobility, etc.) based on the measurement.

[0169] In one embodiment, WTRU can support WTRU reporting based on this measurement.

[0170] In one embodiment, if the absolute value of the determined CSI parameter—the reported CSI parameter (e.g., via MR report and / or most recent report)—is less than a first threshold, the WTRU may send a first sequence in a first UL resource.

[0171] In one embodiment, if the absolute value of the determined CSI parameter—the reported CSI parameter (e.g., via MR report and / or most recent report report)—is less than a second threshold, the WTRU may send a second sequence in the first UL resource (e.g., the difference is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold).

[0172] In one embodiment, if the absolute value of the determined CSI parameter—the reported CSI parameter (e.g., via MR report and / or most recent report)—is greater than a second threshold, the WTRU may activate MR and send an MRCSI report in a second UL resource (e.g., using one or more of CRI, RI, PI, PMI, CQI, Doppler frequency, Doppler spread, delay spread, WTRU mobility, etc.).

[0173] Non-restrictive examples of WTRU operation using the determined CSI parameters are described in Table 7 below: Table 7

[0174] For example, one or more of the following can be used in the indication table of WTRU reporting (e.g., using a low-power transmitter).

[0175] Table 8 below describes non-limiting examples of WTRU indications using the determined CSI parameters, for WTRU indication type 1: Table 8

[0176] The following Table 9 describes non-limiting examples of WTRU indications using the determined CSI parameters for WTRU indication type 2: Table 9

[0177] Table 10 below describes non-limiting examples of WTRU indications using the determined CSI parameters, for WTRU indication type 3: Table 10

[0178] Table 11 below describes non-restrictive examples of WTRU indications using the determined CSI parameters, for WTRU indication type 4: Table 11

[0179] In one embodiment, the WTRU indication type can be based on the determined CSI parameter. In one example, if the identified CSI parameter is greater than a first threshold, the WTRU can determine a first WTRU indication type (e.g., WTRU indication type 3). If the identified CSI parameter is less than a second threshold, the WTRU can determine a second WTRU indication type (e.g., WTRU indication type 4). The first threshold and the second threshold can be the same.

[0180] In one or more embodiments, a method for confirmation via LP-WUS WTRU reporting is provided. When the MR is in a power-saving state (e.g., in a deep sleep state), the WTRU monitors the LP-WUS and can improve power saving by reporting CSI and / or beam information via the LP transmitter, rather than activating the MR to report CSI and / or beam information. In this case, the WTRU can only wake up the MR if the LP transmitter cannot report CSI and / or beam information. For this purpose, the WTRU can use one or more procedures to monitor and / or report CSI and / or beam information via the LP transmitter.

[0181] In one embodiment, a configuration is provided for monitoring and / or reporting CSI and / or beam information via an LP transmitter. In one example, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating one or more of the following: one or more RS resources (e.g., LP-SS); the first UL resource; the second UL resource; a timer and / or counter (e.g., a counter that counts the number of LP-SS receptions); and / or DL ​​resources for LP-WUS reception (e.g., one or more time-frequency resources, or the period of LP-WUS if LP-WUS is received periodically).

[0182] The WTRU can receive instructions for activating LP-WUS monitoring and / or deactivating MR (e.g., putting MR into deep sleep) (e.g., via one or more of RRC signaling, MAC-CE, and / or DCI).

[0183] When the WTRU is monitoring LP-WUS and MR is deactivated, the WTRU can measure one or more RSs (e.g., LP-SS) and determine CSI and / or beam information and / or one or more beam measurements for reporting by using the LP transmitter. CSI may include one or more of CQI, RI, PMI, RSRP, etc., while beam information may include indices of one or more selected beams (e.g., the number of beams configured corresponding to the highest RSRP) and / or multiple indices (e.g., resource indicators associated with one or more RSs).

[0184] In one or more embodiments of this disclosure, the WTRU is provided to report CSI and / or beam information via an LP transmitter and / or a back-off reporting process.

[0185] In one embodiment, the WTRU monitoring LP-WUS may first transmit and / or report the measured and / or determined CSI and / or beam information in a first UL resource via an LP transmitter. The WTRU may initiate a timer and / or counter for the first report. In one example, the WTRU may activate the timer and / or counter after transmitting a CSI and / or beam report (e.g., a first CSI and / or beam report), e.g., via an LP transmitter. In another example, the WTRU may initiate the timer and / or counter after starting LP-WUS monitoring. In yet another example, the WTRU may initiate the timer and / or counter in a configured time instance (e.g., configured via one or more of RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication and / or DCI indication and / or SI, etc.) after transmitting the CSI report and / or beam information.

[0186] The WTRU can monitor DL ​​resources (e.g., LP-WUS) that have received WTRU report acknowledgments (e.g., confirmations) from the gNB and / or core network (CN) until timers and / or counters expire. In one example, the WTRU can compare timer and / or counter values ​​with pre-configured thresholds (e.g., pre-configured via one or more of RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication, DCI indication, and / or SI).

[0187] If the WTRU receives an acknowledgment via LP-WUS before the timer and / or counter expires, the WTRU may reset the timer and / or counter. Upon receiving an acknowledgment indication before the timer and / or counter expires, the WTRU may continue one or more of the following processes: monitoring LP-WUS (e.g., when the MR is in sleep mode), monitoring and / or measuring the RS of one or more configurations, and reporting CSI and / or beam information (e.g., by using an LP transmitter).

[0188] If, in addition to acknowledgment of CSI and / or beam information reports, the WTRU also receives configuration updates for CSI and / or beam information reports via LP-WUS, the WTRU may continue to report CSI and / or beam information (e.g., by using the LP transmitter), but with the updated configuration. The updated configuration may include one or more of the following: indications for increasing and / or maintaining the transmit power of the LP transmitter, indications for increasing and / or maintaining counter thresholds and / or timer thresholds, and / or indications for the CSI report configuration set, etc.

[0189] In indications used to increase and / or maintain the transmit power of the LP transmitter, for example, the WTRU can receive a 1-bit indication via LP-WUS. If a 1-bit value of 0 is received, the WTRU may not change the transmit power of the LP transmitter. If a 1-bit value of 1 is received, the WTRU may increase the transmit power of the LP transmitter by a pre-configured value (e.g., pre-configured via RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication, DCI indication, and / or SI, etc.).

[0190] In the indications used to increase and / or maintain counter thresholds and / or timer thresholds, for example, if the WTRU receives a 1-bit indication of 0, the WTRU may not change the timer threshold and / or counter threshold. If the WTRU receives a 1-bit value of 1, the WTRU may increase the timer threshold and / or counter threshold by a pre-configured value (e.g., pre-configured via RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication, DCI indication, and / or SI, etc.).

[0191] In the indication of the CSI reporting configuration set, for example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more CSI reporting configuration sets, and each CSI reporting configuration may include one or more of the following: a CSI reporting configuration, a CSI-RS resource set configuration, and / or an NZP CSI-RS resource (e.g., for low-power measurements). Based on the indicated set, the WTRU may update the configuration used for reporting CSI (e.g., via an LP transmitter).

[0192] If the WTRU does not receive an acknowledgment (e.g., confirmation) for CSI and / or beam information reporting (e.g., via LP-WUS), and / or the WTRU receives a negative acknowledgment (e.g., gNB and / or CN indicating that CSI and / or beam information was not successfully received in the configured UL resource), the WTRU may activate the MR and report the CSI and / or beam information in the second UL resource (e.g., by using the MR transmitter).

[0193] After reporting CSI and / or beam information in a second UL resource using the MR transmitter, the WTRU can maintain MR activity for a pre-configured duration (e.g., a pre-configured duration via RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication, DCI indication, and / or SI) to receive acknowledgment indications for the CSI and / or beam information reported by the MR transmitter. In one example, the WTRU can monitor pre-configured resources (e.g., PDCCH monitoring resources) for receiving acknowledgment indications (e.g., a 1-bit acknowledgment indication via DCI). In one example, if the WTRU receives an acknowledgment indication from the gNB and / or CN, the WTRU can also receive updated resources and configurations for CSI and / or beam information reporting using the LP transmitter and / or LP-WUS monitoring. Subsequently, the WTRU can deactivate the MR and activate LP-WUS monitoring after the MR activation duration. The WTRU can then monitor LP-WUS and / or use the new configuration and / or resources to perform CSI and / or beam reporting using the LP transmitter.

[0194] If the WTRU fails to receive confirmation of CSI and / or beam reporting via MR from the gNB and / or CN during the MR activation period, the WTRU may begin monitoring NR paging signals and / or channels (e.g., paging PDCCH and / or paging end indication, etc.) and / or transmit PRACH for initial access by using the MR.

[0195] Figure 7 A flowchart is shown illustrating an exemplary process 700 for transmitting one or more sequences based on the TCI set ID difference according to one or more embodiments. Process 700 may be performed by a WTRU including at least LR (e.g., LP-WUR) and MR. At 702, the WTRU receives configuration information indicating one or more of the following: a first sequence, a second sequence, a first UL resource, a second UL resource, an LP-WUS configuration, and / or a TCI set ID difference threshold, etc. The WTRU also receives instructions to activate LP-WUS and / or deactivate MR.

[0196] At 704, the WTRU receives a first TCI set ID (e.g., current TCI set ID) associated with a first TCI state set (e.g., current TCI state set). In one example, the first TCI state set (i.e., the current TCI state set) may indicate the current beam (e.g., the currently indicated beam) transmitted and / or received by the WTRU.

[0197] At 706, the WTRU measures one or more RSs based on the LP-WUS configuration. In the example, measuring one or more RSs includes determining the quality of the one or more RSs based on at least one of the following: RSRP associated with the one or more RSs, RSRQ associated with the one or more RSs, and / or SINR associated with the one or more RSs, etc.

[0198] At 708, the WTRU determines a second TCI state (e.g., the optimal TCI state) based on the measurement. The WTRU also determines a second set of TCI states associated with the second TCI state (e.g., the optimal TCI state set and the corresponding TCI set ID, etc.). In one example, the second set of TCI states (i.e., the optimal TCI state set) may indicate a new beam (e.g., a newly measured beam) determined by the WTRU based on measurements of one or more RS resources.

[0199] At 710, WTRU determines the TCI set ID difference between the first TCI state set and the second TCI state set, i.e., TCI set ID difference = set ID of the second TCI state set (e.g., the determined TCI state and / or the best TCI state, etc.) - set ID of the first TCI state set (e.g., the indicated TCI state).

[0200] In 712, WTRU compares the TCI set ID difference with the TCI set ID difference threshold.

[0201] If the TCI set ID difference is less than the TCI set ID difference threshold (i.e., the set ID of the determined TCI state - the set ID of the indicated TCI state < the TCI set ID difference threshold) (e.g., if the WTRU determines that the newly measured beam is different from the currently indicated beam), but the difference is not significant, then at 714, the WTRU uses the first UL resource to transmit the second sequence.

[0202] If the TCI set ID difference is equal to the TCI set ID difference threshold (i.e., the determined TCI state is in the same TCI state set as the indicated TCI state) (e.g., if the WTRU determines that the newly measured beam is the same as or similar to the currently indicated beam), then at 716, the WTRU transmits the first sequence using the first UL resource.

[0203] If the TCI set ID difference is greater than the TCI set ID difference threshold (i.e., the set ID of the determined TCI state - the set ID of the indicated TCI state > the TCI set ID difference threshold) (e.g., if the WTRU determines that the newly measured beam is significantly different from the currently indicated beam), then at 718, the WTRU activates MR.

[0204] At 720, the WTRU transmits an MR beam report using the second UL resource. In the example, the MR beam report may include one or more measurements performed using CRI and / or SSBRI and / or the corresponding L1-RSRP, etc.

[0205] Figure 8 A flowchart depicting an exemplary process 800 for transmitting one or more sequences based on CQI difference according to one or more embodiments is shown. Process 800 may be performed by a WTRU including at least LR (e.g., LP-WUR) and MR. At 802, the WTRU receives configuration information indicating a first sequence associated with a first CQI difference threshold, a second sequence associated with a second CQI difference threshold, a first UL resource, a second UL resource, and an LP-WUS configuration. The WTRU may also receive instructions to activate LP-WUS and / or deactivate MR.

[0206] At 804, WTRU determines the reported CQI (i.e., the first CQI) based on the use of MR.

[0207] At 806, WTRU measures one or more RSs based on the LP-WUS configuration.

[0208] At 808, WTRU determines the second CQI based on measurements from one or more RSs.

[0209] At 810, WTRU determines the absolute value of the CQI difference between the first CQI and the second CQI.

[0210] At 812, WTRU compares the absolute value of the CQI difference with the first CQI difference threshold.

[0211] At 814, if the absolute value of the CQI difference is less than or equal to the first CQI difference threshold, the WTRU uses LR to send the first sequence in the first UL resource.

[0212] At 816, if the absolute value of the CQI difference is greater than the first CQI difference threshold, then WTRU compares the absolute value of the CQI difference with the second CQI difference threshold.

[0213] At 818, if the absolute value of the CQI difference is less than or equal to the second CQI difference threshold, the WTRU uses the LR to send the second sequence in the first UL resource.

[0214] At 820, if the absolute value of the CQI difference is greater than the second CQI difference threshold, then WTRU activates MR.

[0215] At 822, WTRU uses the MR to send an MR CSI report in the second UL resource.

[0216] Figure 9 A flowchart is shown depicting an exemplary process 900 for sending instructions using timers and / or counters according to one or more embodiments. Process 900 may be performed by a WTRU including at least an LR (e.g., LP-WUS) and an MR. At 902, the WTRU receives configuration information indicating a first UL resource, a second UL resource, timer configuration and / or counter configuration, and LP-WUS configuration.

[0217] At 904, the WTRU monitors the LP-WUS based on the LP-WUS configuration. The WTRU measures one or more RSs based on the LP-WUS configuration.

[0218] At 906, the WTRU uses the LR to transmit CSI and / or beam information in the first UL resource.

[0219] At 908, WTRU initializes the timer and / or counter based on the timer configuration and / or the counter configuration.

[0220] At position 910, the WTRU monitors for acknowledgments from the base station regarding the transmitted CSI and / or beam information. The WTRU checks whether an acknowledgment has been received before the timer and / or counter expires.

[0221] At 912, if an acknowledgment is received before the timer and / or counter expires, the WTRU continues to monitor the LP-WUS and resets the timer and / or counter.

[0222] At 914, if no acknowledgment is received before the timer and / or counter expires, the WTRU activates the MR.

[0223] At 916, the WTRU uses the MR to transmit indications (e.g., CSI and / or beam information) using the second UL resource.

[0224] Although the features and elements have been described above in specific combinations, those skilled in the art will understand that each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. Furthermore, the methods described herein can be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated into a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROMs and digital multifunction discs (DVDs). The processor associated with the software can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver used in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

Claims

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: Memory; At least one transceiver, including: Low-power radio equipment (LR); and Main Radio Equipment (MR); and Processor, wherein the at least one transceiver and the processor are configured to: Receive configuration information indicating a first sequence, a second sequence, a first uplink (UL) resource, a second UL resource, and at least one Transport Configuration Index (TCI) set identifier (ID) difference threshold. Configuration for receiving low-power wake-up signals (LP-WUS). Receive the first TCI set ID associated with the first TCI state set. Based on the LP-WUS configuration, one or more reference signals (RS) are measured. The second TCI state set is determined based on the measurements. Determine the TCI set ID difference between the first TCI set ID and the second TCI set ID associated with the second TCI state set, and If the absolute value of the TCI set ID difference is less than the threshold value of at least one TCI set ID difference, the LR is used to send the second sequence using the first UL resource.

2. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the at least one transceiver and the processor are further configured to: Under the condition that the first TCI set ID is the same as the second TCI set ID, the first sequence is sent using the LR and the first UL resource.

3. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the at least one transceiver and the processor are further configured to: The MR is activated when the absolute value of the difference between the TCI set IDs is greater than the threshold value of the at least one TCI set ID difference.

4. The WTRU of claim 3, wherein the at least one transceiver and the processor are further configured to: Generate MR beam reports, and Using the MR, the second UL resource is used to send the MR beam report.

5. The WTRU of claim 4, wherein the MR beam reporting comprises at least one of the following: Channel State Information (CSI) and RS Resource Indicator (CRI) Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), Layer indicator (LI), and Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP).

6. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein measuring the one or more RS comprises: The quality of the one or more RSs is determined based on at least one of the following: Reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the one or more RSs, The reference signal reception quality (RSRQ) associated with the one or more RSs, and The signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SINR) associated with one or more RSs.

7. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the one or more RSs comprise one or more low-power synchronization signals (LP-SS).

8. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the at least one transceiver and the processor are further configured to: Use the first TCI state set to receive one or more downlink channels, and Use the first TCI state set to send one or more uplink channels.

9. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the at least one transceiver and the processor are further configured to: Receive timer configuration, Initialize the timer based on the aforementioned timer configuration. If an acknowledgment is received before the timer expires, Monitoring LP-WUS, and If no confirmation is received before the timer expires, Activate the MR, and Using the MR, the second UL resource is used to send an instruction.

10. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the first sequence and the second sequence comprise one or more of the following: the Zadoff-Chu sequence, the M sequence, and the Golay sequence.

11. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the LP-WUS configuration comprises one or more of the following: LP-WUS monitoring configuration, and LP-WUS resource configuration.

12. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the at least one transceiver is further configured to: Receive instructions to activate LP-WUS, or Receive an instruction to deactivate the MR.

13. A method for use in a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: Receive configuration information indicating a first sequence, a second sequence, a first uplink (UL) resource, a second UL resource, and at least one Transmission Configuration Index (TCI) set identifier (ID) difference threshold; Configuration for receiving low-power wake-up signals (LP-WUS); Receive the first TCI set ID associated with the first TCI state set; Based on the LP-WUS configuration, one or more reference signals (RS) are measured; A second TCI state set is determined based on the measurements; Determine the TCI set ID difference between the first TCI set ID and the second TCI set ID associated with the second TCI state set; When the absolute value of the TCI set ID difference is less than the at least one TCI set ID difference threshold, the second sequence is transmitted using a low-power radio device (LR) and the first UL resource. Under the condition that the first TCI set ID is the same as the second TCI set ID, the LR is used to send the first sequence using the first UL resource; as well as The master radio (MR) is activated when the absolute value of the TCI set ID difference is greater than the at least one TCI set ID difference threshold.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: Generate MR beam reports; as well as Using the MR, the second UL resource is used to send the MR beam report.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the MR beam reporting comprises at least one of the following: Channel State Information (CSI) and RS Resource Indicator (CRI) Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), Layer indicator (LI), and Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP).

16. The method of claim 13, wherein measuring the one or more RS comprises: The quality of the one or more RSs is determined based on at least one of the following: Reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the one or more RSs, The reference signal reception quality (RSRQ) associated with the one or more RSs, and The signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SINR) associated with one or more RSs.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more RSs comprise one or more low-power synchronization signals (LP-SS).

18. The method of claim 13, further comprising at least one of the following: Use the first TCI state set to receive one or more downlink channels; Use the first TCI state set to send one or more uplink channels.

19. The method of claim 13, wherein the first sequence and the second sequence comprise one or more of the following: the Zadoff-Chu sequence, the M sequence, and the Golay sequence.

20. The method of claim 13, wherein the LP-WUS configuration comprises one or more of the following: LP-WUS monitoring configuration, and LP-WUS resource configuration.

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