Self-circulating centrifugal supercharging cyclone separator

Abstract

This invention discloses a self-circulating centrifugal pressurized cyclone separator, characterized by comprising a cavity (1) and a circulation pipeline (2), an energy injection component (10), an injection port (3), a light material outlet (4), and a heavy material outlet (5) disposed on the cavity; the injection port is disposed on the cavity, and the raw material enters the cavity through the injection port to form a centrifugal cyclone field (6); the centrifugal cyclone field is divided into a hollow low-pressure zone (6-4), a cyclone low-pressure zone (6-3), a cyclone medium-pressure zone (6-2), and a cyclone high-pressure zone (6-1) from the center of the cavity to the wall; the light material outlet is located in the cyclone low-pressure zone within the cavity; the heavy material outlet is located in the cyclone high-pressure zone within the cavity. This device can reduce mechanical wear and energy consumption, and can fundamentally improve separation efficiency and separation accuracy, while meeting the general separation needs of gases, liquids, and solids.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of multiphase media separation technology, specifically to a self-circulating centrifugal pressurized cyclone separator. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial production, centrifugal separation technology has been widely used in mining, petroleum, chemical, metallurgical, environmental protection, and food industries. However, traditional centrifuges, settlers, or hydrocyclones generally suffer from the following technical shortcomings when separating gas-liquid, gas-solid, or liquid-solid mixtures: 1. High mechanical wear and maintenance costs: Existing horizontal screw centrifuges, disc centrifuges, and other equipment rely on high-speed rotating mechanical parts (such as drums and screws). These parts are prone to mechanical wear when processing materials with high solid content or high abrasiveness, leading to a shortened equipment lifespan and the need for frequent downtime for maintenance, which increases production costs.

[0003] 2. High energy consumption: Traditional centrifuge equipment requires a continuous input of a large amount of electrical energy to maintain the high-speed rotation of the drum and overcome mechanical friction and air resistance, resulting in low energy utilization.

[0004] 3. Limited separation efficiency: Although some traditional hydrocyclones (such as hydrocyclones) have no moving parts, they are usually single-pass type, the material residence time in the equipment is short, and the flow field is easily disturbed by feed fluctuations, resulting in less than ideal separation accuracy and classification efficiency.

[0005] 4. Limited scope of application: Existing single equipment often cannot simultaneously meet the general separation needs of gases, liquids and solids. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a separation device that can reduce mechanical wear and energy consumption, fundamentally improve separation efficiency and accuracy, and meet the general separation needs of gases, liquids, and solids. The specific solution is as follows.

[0007] A self-circulating centrifugal pressurized cyclone separator, characterized in that it includes a cavity and a circulation pipeline, an energy injection component, an injection port, a light material outlet, and a heavy material outlet disposed on the cavity; The injection port is located on the cavity. After the raw material enters the swirling cavity through the injection port, it forms a centrifugal swirling field and mixes with the fluid in the self-circulating fluid closed loop to participate in swirling separation. The centrifugal swirling field is divided into a hollow low-pressure zone, a swirling low-pressure zone, a swirling medium-pressure zone, and a swirling high-pressure zone from the center of the cavity to the wall. Due to centrifugal force, the density of the swirling working fluid in the hollow low-pressure zone is significantly lower than that in the outer region. Heavy materials converge towards the swirling high-pressure zone on the wall, while light materials converge towards the swirling low-pressure zone, eventually forming a stable centrifugal swirling field. Therefore, the swirling low-pressure zone is also called the light material enrichment zone, and the swirling high-pressure zone is called the heavy material enrichment zone. Affected by the centrifugal radius, the closer to the central plane, the longer the centrifugal radius and the stronger the centrifugal force. Therefore, the enrichment degree of the swirling low-pressure zone and the swirling high-pressure zone increases towards the central plane, becoming weaker towards both ends (the tip of the cone) and stronger towards the central plane (the bottom of the cone). The area near the central plane is also called the core enrichment zone. The circulation pipeline connects at least two points within the cavity. The fluid within the circulation pipeline is driven by the pressure difference between the points, or by the energy injection component, or by both, to generate fluid flow within the circulation pipeline. The circulation pipeline and the cavity together form a closed self-circulating fluid closed loop. The energy injection component is used to replenish energy to the self-circulating fluid closed loop and compensate for the angular momentum loss of the swirling working fluid. The light material outlet is located in the swirling low-pressure zone within the cavity and is connected to the light material enrichment zone, used to discharge the light enrichment product. The heavy material outlet is located in the swirling high-pressure zone within the cavity and is connected to the heavy material enrichment zone, used to discharge the heavy enrichment product.

[0008] The inlet and outlet of the circulation pipeline and the injection port are all located in the area between the swirling low-pressure zone and the swirling high-pressure zone (the radial area between the light material outlet and the heavy material outlet), which can avoid the light material core enrichment area in the swirling low-pressure zone and the heavy material core enrichment area in the swirling high-pressure zone, and avoid the backflow fluid from disturbing the light material separation and heavy material enrichment process. The circulation pipeline can be configured as multiple pipelines; multiple circulation pipelines are arranged along the circumference of the cavity to make the circumferential swirling flow field in the cavity uniform and stable, and to weaken local turbulence interference.

[0009] The injection port is connected to the circulation pipeline through an ejector device. The raw material is ejected into the self-circulating fluid and then sprayed into the vortex cavity from the outlet of the circulation pipeline.

[0010] The cavity includes, but is not limited to, a swirl cone cavity, a waist drum cavity, and a composite structure of the two, which can be selected according to the characteristics of the working medium and materials to be separated. The swirling conical cavity includes a pure conical cavity and a gradually changing conical cavity. The composite structure includes a waist drum cavity combined with a pure conical cavity and a combination of a waist drum cavity and a gradually changing conical cavity. The gradually changing conical cavity, the waist drum cavity, and the composite structure of the two are preferred cavity forms, but other cavity structures adapted to the swirling flow field, such as a gradually changing cylindrical cavity, can also be used.

[0011] The heavy material outlet is provided with a radially rotating gradual flow guiding structure, which includes a flow guiding groove opened along the swirling direction in the maximum radial cross section (central plane of the cavity); the radial depth of the flow guiding groove increases along the swirling direction, and the end of the flow guiding groove is connected to the heavy material outlet; the heavy material outlet penetrates the wall of the swirling cavity, and the heavy component is discharged unidirectionally by relying on the pressure difference in the region of the cavity; a smooth gradual transition zone 7-2 is provided behind the heavy material outlet, which is smoothly connected by a circular arc surface, and smoothly transitions with the wall of the swirling cavity in the radial and axial directions and restores the original contour size of the cavity.

[0012] The outlet of the circulation pipeline is equipped with a jet pipe, and the nozzle of the jet pipe is set tangentially to the swirling cavity and in the direction of the swirling flow. The jet pipe includes, but is not limited to, duckbill jet pipes and conical jet pipes, which can be selected according to the physical characteristics of the raw materials to be separated.

[0013] The cavity is equipped with an energy injection component, which includes at least one of a built-in pressurization unit, an external energy injection unit, and a central energy injector. The energy injection component is used to replenish energy to the self-circulating fluid closed loop and compensate for the angular momentum loss of the swirling working fluid. The built-in booster unit is located in the circulation pipeline. Multiple units can be used and can be configured in series, parallel, or a combination of series and parallel to adapt to different energy compensation requirements. The booster unit can be a booster pump. The external energy injection unit is connected to the circulation pipe. The external energy injection unit can be a compressor, a heat exchange booster, a radio frequency heater, a microwave generator, an ultrasonic energy injector, or other devices that can inject energy into the fluid. The central energy injector is located in the hollow low-pressure area and can be supported by a bracket. It is used to inject energy into the hollow low-pressure area and can be at least one of a radio frequency heater, a microwave generator, and a thermal energy injection device.

[0014] The raw materials include light mixed raw materials and heavy mixed raw materials. The light mixed raw materials include light gas, and the heavy mixed raw materials include heavy working fluid. The light gas is used to fill the hollow low-pressure area, complete the swirling core medium, suppress high-speed swirling shock waves, and stabilize the central flow field. The heavy working fluid is used to buffer solid particle impacts, reduce wall friction, and improve flow field stability. The device supports two operating modes: dry separation and wet separation. Dry separation can use air as the flow medium, and wet separation can use water as the flow medium.

[0015] This device can be connected in series with similar devices to achieve multi-stage separation and purification.

[0016] The components of this device that come into contact with the working medium are made of materials that are compatible with the properties of the working medium; the materials used for separating minerals are wear-resistant and impact-resistant, while the materials used for separating corrosive media are corrosion-resistant, high-temperature resistant, and radiation-resistant.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, this technical solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. No rotating parts, zero mechanical wear: This device operates entirely based on fluid dynamics principles, eliminating the need for traditional rotating centers with high-speed rotating mechanical components such as motors and drums. This fundamentally eliminates mechanical friction loss and the resulting wear problems, significantly extending the equipment's service life and resulting in extremely low maintenance costs.

[0019] 2. Energy saving and consumption reduction: Since there is no mechanical transmission loss, the system only needs to compensate for the angular momentum loss during fluid circulation (through ejection or energy injection). Compared with traditional centrifuges, it significantly reduces energy input requirements and achieves remarkable energy savings.

[0020] 3. High material utilization rate and no waste: By setting up a self-circulating fluid closed loop, substandard materials can be repeatedly circulated and separated within the system until they meet emission standards. Compared with single-pass hydrocyclones, this greatly improves the material recovery rate and the thoroughness of separation.

[0021] 4. High separation accuracy and stable flow field: By cleverly arranging the injection port and circulation pipeline in the pressure transition zone of the swirling flow field, the core enrichment zone is effectively avoided, minimizing the disturbance of the internal centrifugal swirling flow field by external interference. Combined with the energy injection component to maintain a stable centrifugal force field, the separation interface between light and heavy materials is clearer, and the separation efficiency is far superior to traditional equipment.

[0022] 5. High versatility and wide adaptability: This device supports two operating modes: dry separation (using air as the medium) and wet separation (using water or other liquids as the medium). It can be widely used in various complex working conditions such as gas-liquid, gas-solid, and liquid-solid processes, covering all applicable scenarios.

[0023] 6. Modular expansion: A single unit can achieve efficient separation, and multiple units can be flexibly connected in series to build a multi-stage separation and purification system to meet the special process requirements with extremely high purity. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the radially clockwise gradually changing flow guiding structure of the cavity center plane in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the centrifugal swirling flow field structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Cavity (Swirl Chamber), 2. Circulation Pipeline, 3. Inlet (Raw Material Inlet), 4. Light Material Outlet, 5. Heavy Material Outlet, 6. Centrifugal Swirl Field, 6-1 Swirl High-Pressure Zone, 6-1-1 Heavy Material Core Enrichment Zone, 6-2 Swirl Medium-Pressure Zone, 6-3 Swirl Low-Pressure Zone, 6-3-1 Light Material Core Enrichment Zone, 6-4 Hollow Low-Pressure Zone, 7. Radial Co-rotating Gradual Flow Guiding Structure, 7-1 Flow Guiding Groove, 7-2 Smooth Gradual Transition Zone, 8. Injection Pipe, 9. Ejector Device, 10. Energy Injection Component, 10-1. Pressurization Unit, 10-2. Energy Injection Unit, 10-3. Central Energy Injector. Detailed Implementation Plan

[0026] Example 1, see appendix Figure 1-3 A self-circulating centrifugal pressurized cyclone separator, characterized in that it includes a cavity 1 and a circulation pipeline 2, an energy injection component 10, an injection port 3, a light material outlet 4, and a heavy material outlet 5 disposed on the cavity; The injection port is located on the cavity. After the raw material enters the swirling cavity through the injection port, it forms a centrifugal swirling field 6 and mixes with the fluid in the self-circulating fluid closed loop to participate in swirling separation. The centrifugal swirling field is divided into a hollow low-pressure zone 6-4, a swirling low-pressure zone 6-3, a swirling medium-pressure zone 6-2, and a swirling high-pressure zone 6-1 from the center of the cavity to the wall. Under the action of centrifugal force, the density of the swirling working medium in the hollow low-pressure zone is significantly lower than that in the outer region. Heavy materials converge towards the swirling high-pressure zone on the wall, while light materials converge towards the swirling low-pressure zone, eventually forming a stable centrifugal swirling field. Therefore, the swirling low-pressure zone is also called the light material enrichment zone, and the swirling high-pressure zone is called the heavy material enrichment zone. Affected by the centrifugal radius, the closer to the central plane, the longer the centrifugal radius and the stronger the centrifugal force. Therefore, the enrichment degree of the swirling low-pressure zone and the swirling high-pressure zone increases towards the central plane, becoming weaker towards both ends (cone tip) and stronger towards the central plane (cone bottom). The area near the central plane is also called the core enrichment zone. The energy injection component 10 is used to replenish energy to the self-circulating fluid closed loop and compensate for the angular momentum loss of the swirling working fluid. The circulation pipeline connects at least two points within the cavity. The fluid within the circulation pipeline is driven by the pressure difference between the points, or by the energy injection component, or by both, to generate fluid flow within the circulation pipeline. The circulation pipeline and the cavity together form a closed self-circulating fluid closed loop. The light material outlet is located in the swirling low-pressure zone within the cavity and is connected to the light material enrichment zone, used to discharge the light enrichment product. The heavy material outlet is located in the swirling high-pressure zone within the cavity and is connected to the heavy material enrichment zone, used to discharge the heavy enrichment product.

[0027] The inlet and outlet of the circulation pipeline and the injection port are all located in the area between the swirling low-pressure zone and the swirling high-pressure zone (the radial area between the light material outlet and the heavy material outlet), which can avoid the light material core enrichment area 6-3-1 in the swirling low-pressure zone and the heavy material core enrichment area 6-1-1 in the swirling high-pressure zone, thus avoiding the backflow fluid from disturbing the light material separation and heavy material enrichment process. The circulation pipeline can be configured as multiple pipelines; multiple circulation pipelines are arranged along the circumference of the cavity to make the circumferential swirling flow field in the cavity uniform and stable, and to weaken local turbulence interference.

[0028] The injection port is connected to the circulation pipeline through the ejector device 9. The raw material is ejected into the self-circulating fluid and then sprayed into the vortex cavity from the outlet of the circulation pipeline.

[0029] The cavity includes, but is not limited to, a swirl cone cavity, a waist drum cavity, and a composite structure of the two, which can be selected according to the characteristics of the working medium and materials to be separated. The swirling conical cavity includes a pure conical cavity and a gradually changing conical cavity. The composite structure includes a waist drum cavity combined with a pure conical cavity and a combination of a waist drum cavity and a gradually changing conical cavity. The gradually changing conical cavity, the waist drum cavity, and the composite structure of the two are preferred cavity forms, but other cavity structures adapted to the swirling flow field, such as a gradually changing cylindrical cavity, can also be used.

[0030] The heavy material outlet is provided with a radially rotating gradual flow guiding structure 7, which includes a flow guiding groove 7-1 opened along the swirling direction in the maximum radial cross section (center plane of the cavity); the radial depth of the flow guiding groove increases along the swirling direction, and the end of the flow guiding groove is connected to the heavy material outlet 5; the heavy material outlet penetrates the wall of the swirling cavity, and the heavy component is discharged unidirectionally by relying on the pressure difference in the region of the cavity; a smooth gradual transition zone 7-2 is provided behind the heavy material outlet, which is smoothly connected by a circular arc surface, and smoothly transitions with the wall of the swirling cavity in the radial and axial directions and restores the original contour size of the cavity.

[0031] The outlet of the circulation pipeline is equipped with a jet pipe 8, and the nozzle of the jet pipe is set tangentially to the swirling cavity and in the direction of the swirling flow. The jet pipe includes, but is not limited to, duckbill jet pipes and conical jet pipes, which can be selected according to the physical characteristics of the raw materials to be separated.

[0032] The energy injection component 10 includes at least one of a built-in pressurization unit 10-1, an external energy injection unit 10-2, and a central energy injector 10-3; the energy injection component is used to replenish energy to the self-circulating fluid closed loop and compensate for the angular momentum loss of the swirling working fluid. The built-in booster unit is located in the circulation pipeline. Multiple units can be used and can be configured in series, parallel, or a combination of series and parallel to adapt to different energy compensation requirements. The booster unit can be a booster pump. The external energy injection unit is connected to the circulation pipe. The external energy injection unit can be a compressor, a heat exchange booster, a radio frequency heater, a microwave generator, an ultrasonic energy injector, or other devices that can inject energy into the fluid. The central energy injector is located in the hollow low-pressure area and can be supported by a bracket. It is used to inject energy into the hollow low-pressure area and can be at least one of a radio frequency heater, a microwave generator, and a thermal energy injection device.

[0033] The raw materials include light mixed raw materials and heavy mixed raw materials. The light mixed raw materials include light gas, and the heavy mixed raw materials include heavy working fluid. The light gas is used to fill the hollow low-pressure area, complete the swirling core medium, suppress high-speed swirling shock waves, and stabilize the central flow field. The heavy working fluid is used to buffer solid particle impacts, reduce wall friction, and improve flow field stability. The device supports two operating modes: dry separation and wet separation. Dry separation can use air as the flow medium, and wet separation can use water as the flow medium.

[0034] This device can be connected in series with similar devices to achieve multi-stage separation and purification.

[0035] The components of this device that come into contact with the working medium are made of materials that are compatible with the properties of the working medium; the materials used for separating minerals are wear-resistant and impact-resistant, while the materials used for separating corrosive media are corrosion-resistant, high-temperature resistant, and radiation-resistant.

[0036] This technical solution further explains:

[0037] 1. Basic Working Principle: The raw material enters the vortex chamber 1 through the injection port 3. In this embodiment, the injection port 3 is connected to the circulation pipeline 2 through the ejector device 9. By utilizing the ejector effect of the high-speed fluid in the circulation pipeline, the raw material is drawn in and mixed with the circulating fluid. This not only achieves uniform dispersion of the material but also reduces the dependence on an additional feed pump.

[0038] 2. Pressure stratification within the cavity: The mixed material is injected into the cavity through the outlet of the circulation pipe 2 (equipped with a tangentially rotating jet pipe), forming a high-speed rotating centrifugal vortex field 6. Under the action of centrifugal force, the flow field exhibits obvious pressure stratification: the central region consists of a hollow low-pressure zone 6-4 and a swirling low-pressure zone 6-3 (light material enrichment zone), while the outer layer consists of a swirling medium-pressure zone 6-2 and a swirling high-pressure zone 6-1 near the wall (heavy material enrichment zone).

[0039] 3. Flow field protection design: To ensure separation accuracy, the inlet and outlet of the circulation pipeline 2, as well as the injection port 3, are all located in the transition area between the low-pressure zone and the high-pressure zone of the swirling flow. This layout cleverly avoids the core enrichment zone of light materials 6-3-1 and the core enrichment zone of heavy materials 6-1-1, thus preventing the circulation flow from directly scouring and disturbing the core separation zone.

[0040] 4. Optimized discharge: Light components are discharged through the light material outlet 4 located in the low-pressure zone of the swirling flow; heavy components converge towards the wall and are discharged through the heavy material outlet 5. A radially swirling gradient guiding structure 7 (including guiding grooves 7-1 and smooth gradient transition zone 7-2) is specially designed at the heavy material outlet, so that the heavy material is smoothly discharged along the swirling direction during the discharge process, reducing fluid separation losses.

[0041] 5. Energy Replenishment Mechanism: Since fluid friction consumes angular momentum, this device is equipped with an energy injection component. This can be a built-in pressurization unit (such as a booster pump) located in the circulation pipeline, an external energy injection unit connected to the external flow channel (such as a compressor or heater), or a central energy injector located in the hollow low-pressure zone. These components ensure that the swirling flow field can maintain the required centrifugal force intensity over a long period of time.

[0042] 6. Cavity Structure: Cavity 1 can be a swirling cone cavity, a waist drum cavity, or a combination thereof. In this embodiment, a combination of a gradually tapering cone cavity and a waist drum cavity is preferred. This structure can better adapt to changes in centrifugal force at different radii, resulting in a more uniform flow field distribution.

[0043] In summary, by constructing a self-circulating loop and optimizing the flow channel design, this invention achieves long equipment life and low energy consumption operation while ensuring extremely high separation efficiency.

Claims

1. A self-circulating centrifugal pressurized cyclone separator, characterized in that, Includes a cavity (1) and a circulation pipeline (2) installed on the cavity, an energy injection component (10), an injection port (3), a light material outlet (4), and a heavy material outlet (5); The injection port is located on the cavity, and the raw material enters the cavity through the injection port to form a centrifugal swirling flow field (6). The centrifugal swirling flow field is divided into the hollow low-pressure zone (6-4), the swirling low-pressure zone (6-3), the swirling medium-pressure zone (6-2), and the swirling high-pressure zone (6-1) from the center of the cavity to the wall. The circulation pipeline connects at least two points within the cavity. The fluid within the circulation pipeline is driven by the pressure difference between the points, or by the energy injection component, or by both, to generate fluid flow within the circulation pipeline. The circulation pipeline and the cavity together form a closed self-circulating fluid closed loop. The light material outlet is located in the swirling low-pressure zone within the cavity; the heavy material outlet is located in the swirling high-pressure zone within the cavity.

2. The self-circulating centrifugal pressurized cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet and outlet of the circulation pipeline, and the injection port are located in the area between the swirling low-pressure zone and the swirling high-pressure zone.

3. The self-circulating centrifugal pressurized cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circulation pipeline consists of multiple pipes, which are arranged along the circumference of the cavity.

4. The self-circulating centrifugal pressurized cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injection port is connected to the circulation pipeline via an ejector device (9).

5. The self-circulating centrifugal pressurized cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cavity is a vortex cone cavity, a waist drum cavity, or a composite structure combining the two.

6. The self-circulating centrifugal pressurized cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heavy material outlet is provided with a radially rotating gradual flow guiding structure (7). This structure is formed by opening a flow guiding groove (7-1) along the swirling direction at the maximum radial cross section of the cavity. The radial depth of the flow guiding groove increases along the swirling direction, and the end of the flow guiding groove is connected to the heavy material outlet (5). A smooth gradual transition zone (7-2) is provided behind the heavy material outlet. The smooth gradual transition zone adopts a circular arc surface for smooth connection, and smoothly transitions with the wall of the swirling cavity in the radial and axial directions and restores the original contour size of the cavity.

7. The self-circulating centrifugal pressurized cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outlet of the circulation pipeline is equipped with a jet pipe (8), and the nozzle of the jet pipe is set tangentially to the swirling cavity and in the direction of the swirling flow; the jet pipe is a duckbill nozzle or a conical nozzle.

8. The self-circulating centrifugal pressurized cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy injection component includes at least one of a built-in booster unit, an external energy injection unit, and a central energy injector. The pressurization unit is located inside the circulation pipeline; The energy injection unit is connected to the circulation pipe; The central energy injector is located in the hollow low-pressure zone.

9. The self-circulating centrifugal pressurized cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials include light mixed raw materials and heavy mixed raw materials. The light mixed raw materials include light gas, and the heavy mixed raw materials include heavy working fluid.

10. The self-circulating centrifugal pressurized cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple self-circulating centrifugal booster cyclone separators are connected in series to perform multi-stage separation and purification.

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