A crushing device and a coupler

Abstract

This invention relates to a crushing device and a coupler, comprising: a crushing tube, a pressure cone, an adapter, and a pressure tube; wherein the pressure cone is disposed inside the crushing tube, and its conical surface abuts against the inner wall of the crushing tube; the adapter is disposed inside the crushing tube, one end of which is connected to the pressure cone, and the other end has a first spherical surface; one end of the pressure tube is sleeved inside the crushing tube and slidably connected to the spherical surface of the adapter, and a gap is formed between its end and the pressure cone; when the pressure tube is subjected to a non-axial load, the pressure tube and the adapter slide relative to each other, dissipating the non-axial component force, causing the pressure cone to axially compress the crushing tube, thereby causing the crushing tube to deform. This invention, by setting an adapter between the pressure cone and the pressure tube, and through the working principle of spherical fit, eliminates the influence of non-axial loads on crushing deformation, avoiding the problem of unstable deformation force value of the crushing tube caused by uneven circumferential expansion deformation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rail vehicle technology, and particularly relates to a crushing device and a coupler. Background Technology

[0002] Crushing devices are important energy-absorbing components in the passive safety system of rail vehicles, and are usually arranged in the coupler buffer system and anti-creep energy-absorbing device.

[0003] Traditional expansion crushing devices mostly employ a structure that combines a rigid pressure cone and a crushing tube. When a train collides, the pressure cone squeezes the crushing tube under a predetermined trigger load, causing the crushing tube to undergo stable plastic deformation to absorb energy.

[0004] However, when an accidental collision occurs at the end of a rail vehicle, the force acting on the crushing device is often unevenly loaded in the vertical or other directions. Under uneven loading conditions, the pressure cone squeezing the crushing tube can easily cause uneven expansion of the crushing tube in the circumferential direction, resulting in unstable suction capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems and to provide a crushing device and coupler with adaptive anti-eccentric load capability.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A crushing device, comprising: Crushed pipe; A pressure cone is placed inside the crushing tube; the conical surface of the pressure cone abuts against the inner wall of the crushing tube. The adapter is installed inside the crushing tube, with one end connected to the pressure cone and the other end having a first spherical surface arranged in a hemispherical shape. The pressure tube has one end fitted into the crushing tube and slides with the first spherical surface; the end of the pressure tube is clearance fitted with the end of the pressure cone, and the outer wall of the pressure tube is clearance fitted with the inner wall of the crushing tube, so that the pressure tube and the adapter can slide relative to each other; When the pressurizing tube is subjected to a non-axial load, the pressurizing tube and the adapter slide relative to each other, dissipating the non-axial force, causing the pressurizing cone to axially compress and crush the tube, thereby deforming the crushed tube.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present invention, a mounting base is further included; The mounting bracket is attached to the outside of the crushing pipe and the pressurizing pipe and is fixed to the vehicle body; The end of the mounting base near the crushing tube is provided with a first limiting part protruding from the inner wall of the mounting base; The end of the crushing tube is provided with a second limiting part protruding from the outer wall of the crushing tube; the second limiting part is engaged with the first limiting part to prevent the crushing tube from coming out in a direction away from the pressurizing tube.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, the minimum inner diameter of the crushing tube end is not less than the maximum outer diameter of the pressure cone.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, a limiting element is provided at the end of the mounting base near the pressure tube; The end of the pressurizing tube is provided with a third limiting part that protrudes from the outer wall of the pressurizing tube; the third limiting part is engaged with the limiting member to prevent the pressurizing tube from coming out in a direction away from the crushing tube.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the third limiting part is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the crushing tube.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the crushing tube is provided with a variable diameter section; the slope of the inner wall of the variable diameter section matches the slope of the conical surface of the pressure cone; the conical surface of the pressure cone abuts against the inner wall of the variable diameter section.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the end of the pressure cone away from the pressure tube extends into the interior of the crushing tube to form a guide portion; The outer wall of the guide section fits against the inner wall of the crushing tube, and is used to guide the crushing tube to expand evenly in the circumference when the pressure cone axially compresses the crushing tube.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the end of the adapter near the pressure cone has a second spherical surface that is hemispherically shaped; the pressure cone slides in conjunction with the second spherical surface.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pressure cone and the adapter are an integral structure.

[0015] Some embodiments of the present invention further provide a coupler, including the above-described crushing device.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a connector between the pressure tube and the pressure cone, with the connector fitting spherically with the pressure tube. When the coupler is subjected to a non-axial impact, the pressure tube can slide slightly in any direction relative to the first spherical surface of the connector. This allows the non-axial force to be absorbed by friction and sliding, leaving only the axial force to push the pressure cone to squeeze and crush the tube. This ensures that the crushing tube expands and deforms circumferentially to absorb energy, thereby ensuring the stability of the deformation force value of the crushing tube.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an existing crushing device; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the eccentric loading of an existing crushing device; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the crushing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified structural diagram of part A; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the eccentric load on the crushing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adapter provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of the crushing device with a double spherical adapter provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of the crushing device integrating the adapter and the pressure cone provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 A cross-sectional view of the crushing device with a guide portion for a pressure cone provided in an embodiment of the present invention; The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Pressurization pipe; 11. Third limiting part; 2. Limiting components; 3. Mounting base; 31. First limiting part; 4. Pressure cone; 41. Guide section; 5. Crushing pipe; 51. Second limiting part; 52. Large end pipe; 53. Small end pipe; 54. Reducing diameter section; 6. Adapter; 61. First spherical surface; 62. Second spherical surface; Detailed Implementation To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application is described and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to limit the exemplary implementations according to this application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. Furthermore, it should be understood that the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0021] To better explain the solution of the present invention, existing crushing devices will first be described.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, in existing crushing devices, the pressure cone 4 is usually directly fitted onto the right end of the pressure tube 1. When the left end of the pressure tube 1 is subjected to an eccentric load, due to the gap between the pressure tube 1 and the end nut, as well as the deformation caused by the eccentric load, the crushing tube 5 is prone to circumferential non-uniform expansion under eccentric load conditions, resulting in unstable suction capacity.

[0023] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, when the left side of the pressure tube 1 is subjected to a continuous downward vertical load F, under the leverage of the end nut, the right side of the pressure tube 1 will tilt upward, that is, the center line of the pressure tube 1 forms an angle α with the horizontal center line. In this case, the pressure tube 1 pushes the pressure cone 4 to the upper right. The pressure cone 4 squeezes the crushing tube 5, which will cause the upper half of the crushing tube 5 to expand and deform more than the lower half, thus causing the deformation force value of the crushing tube 5 to be unstable.

[0024] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0026] As attached Figure 3 - Appendix Figure 9 As shown, in one illustrative embodiment of a crushing device of the present invention, the crushing device includes a crushing pipe 5, a pressure cone 4, an adapter 6, and a pressure pipe 1.

[0027] Among them, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the crushing tube 5 is a thin-walled circular tube made of a plastically deformable material. When subjected to radial compression, the crushing tube 5 undergoes expansion deformation, dissipating impact energy through plastic deformation.

[0028] The pressure cone 4 is a narrow-bodied annular structure, which is disposed inside the crushing tube 5. The pressure cone 4 has a tapered surface, which abuts against the inner wall of the crushing tube 5 to convert the axial force into a radial component force, thereby squeezing the inner wall of the crushing tube 5 and causing the crushing tube 5 to expand and deform.

[0029] The adapter 6 is disposed inside the pressure tube 5. One end of the adapter 6 is connected to the pressure cone 4, and the other end is formed into a hemispherical shape with a first spherical surface 61 for connection with the pressure tube 1. The structure of the adapter 6 is as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0030] One end of the pressurizing tube 1 is fitted inside the crushing tube 5. The inner wall of the end of the pressurizing tube 1 located inside the crushing tube 5 forms an arc-shaped surface that mates with the first spherical surface 61 of the adapter 6. The pressurizing tube 1 slides in contact with the first spherical surface 61 of the adapter 6 through this arc-shaped surface.

[0031] The end of the pressurizing tube 1 located inside the crushing tube 5 is clearance-fitted with the end of the pressurizing cone 4 near the pressurizing tube 1. Furthermore, the outer wall of the pressurizing tube 1 is clearance-fitted with the inner wall of the crushing tube 5 to ensure that the pressurizing tube 1 has a margin of movement in both the lateral and vertical directions, so that the pressurizing tube 1 and the adapter 6 can slide relative to each other.

[0032] When the pressure tube 1 is subjected to a non-axial load, the pressure tube 1 slides relative to the adapter 6, dissipating the non-axial component of the force and allowing the force to be transmitted axially to the pressure cone 4 as much as possible. This causes the pressure cone 4 to axially compress and crush the tube 5, thereby causing the crushed tube 5 to undergo uniform circumferential deformation under the action of axial compressive force.

[0033] In the above illustrative embodiment, by setting a connector 6 between the pressure tube 1 and the pressure cone 4, and connecting the connector 6 and the pressure tube 1 through a spherical fit, when the coupler is subjected to a non-axial impact, the pressure tube 1 can slide slightly in any direction relative to the first spherical surface 61 of the connector 6, instantly changing the direction of force transmission. This allows the non-axial component force to be absorbed by friction and sliding, leaving only the axial component force to push the pressure cone 4 to squeeze the crushing tube 5. This ensures that the crushing tube 5 expands and deforms in a uniform circumferential direction to absorb energy, thereby ensuring the stability of the deformation force value of the crushing tube 5.

[0034] For example, such as Figure 5 As shown, when the left side of the pressurizing tube 1 is subjected to a continuous downward vertical load F, under the lever action of the limiting member 2, the center line of the pressurizing tube 1 forms an angle α with the horizontal center line. At this time, the arc-shaped surface of the pressurizing tube 1 slides relative to the first spherical surface 61 of the support seat. Specifically, the circumferential gap L1 between the pressurizing tube 1 and the pressurizing cone 4 will increase, and the circumferential gap L2 will decrease, which eliminates the non-axial component force, so that the pressurizing cone 4 can normally act axially on the crushing tube 5, thereby causing the crushing tube 5 to expand and deform uniformly in the circumference.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, a mounting base 3 is further included.

[0036] Mounting base 3 is fixed to the vehicle body and sleeved on the outside of the connection between crushing pipe 5 and pressurizing pipe 1. On the one hand, it can provide a stable installation base for the crushing device, and on the other hand, it can increase the stability of the connection between crushing pipe 5 and pressurizing pipe 1.

[0037] A first limiting part 31 is formed on the inner wall of the mounting base 3 near the end of the crushing tube 5, such as Figure 3 As shown, the first limiting part 31 is specifically presented as an annular flange.

[0038] The end of the crushing tube 5 is provided with a second limiting part 51. The second limiting part 51 protrudes outward from the outer wall of the crushing tube 5 and engages with the first limiting part 31, so that the mounting seat 3 forms an axial constraint on the crushing tube 5 to prevent the crushing tube 5 from coming out in a direction away from the pressurizing tube 1.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, the second limiting part 51 protrudes inward from the inner wall of the crushing tube 5, and the minimum inner diameter of the second limiting part 51 is not less than the maximum outer diameter of the pressure cone 4, so as to ensure that the pressure cone 4 can smoothly pass through the second limiting part 51 and enter the crushing tube 5 without interference during the assembly process.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, a limiting member 2 is further included, specifically an end nut.

[0041] The limiting member 2 is sleeved between the pressure tube 1 and the mounting base, and is fixedly connected to the mounting base 3 by thread or welding. The limiting member 2 is used to close the gap between the mounting base 3 and the pressure tube 1 and to limit the pressure tube 1.

[0042] A third limiting part 11 is formed on the outer wall of one end of the pressurizing tube 1 located inside the crushing tube 5. The third limiting part 11 is generally in the form of an annular protrusion structure.

[0043] The third limiting part 11 engages with the limiting member 2, so that the limiting member 2 forms an axial constraint on the pressurizing tube 1 to prevent the pressurizing tube 1 from coming out in a direction away from the crushing tube 5.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present invention, the third limiting part 11 is clearance-fitted with the inner wall of the crushing tube 5, that is, the maximum outer diameter of the third limiting part 11 is not greater than the inner diameter of the crushing tube, so as to ensure that when the crushing tube 5 expands and deforms, the third limiting part 11 will not interfere with the inner wall of the crushing tube 5 and hinder the free expansion and deformation of the crushing tube 5.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, the crushing tube includes a large-end tube 52 and a small-end tube 53.

[0046] The diameter of the large end tube 52 is greater than that of the small end tube 53, and the connection between the large end tube 52 and the small end tube 53 forms a variable diameter section 54 from the large end tube 52 to the small end tube 53, where the diameter gradually decreases.

[0047] The conical angle of the inner wall of the variable diameter section 54 matches the conical angle of the pressure cone 4. The inner wall of the variable diameter section 54 and the conical surface of the pressure cone 4 are connected to each other so that the pressure cone 4 can guide the deformation of the crushing tube 5. At the same time, the variable diameter section 54 increases the initial contact area between the crushing tube 5 and the pressure cone 4 and provides a gradual stress distribution during the initial contact, avoiding the reduction of contact stress concentration that could lead to damage to the crushing tube 5.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 9 As shown, the end of the pressure cone 4 away from the pressure tube 1 extends into the interior of the crushing tube 5 to form a cylindrical or hollow cylindrical guide portion 41.

[0049] The outer wall of the guide portion 41 slides or fits tightly against the inner wall of the crushing tube 5. The length of the guide portion 41 covers the main deformation area of ​​the crushing tube 5, and is used to guide the crushing tube 5 to expand circumferentially and uniformly when the pressure cone 4 axially compresses the crushing tube 5.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, in order to further eliminate non-axial component forces, such as Figure 7 As shown, the end of the adapter 6 near the pressure cone 4 forms a second spherical surface 62. The end of the pressure cone 4 near the adapter forms an arc-shaped surface that matches the second spherical surface 62 and slides with it, so that the pressure cone 4 can finely adjust its angle relative to the adapter 6 under non-ideal loads, further dissipating non-axial force components.

[0051] The two ends of the adapter 6 are respectively engaged with the spherical surfaces of the pressure tube 1 and the pressure cone 4 to form a double spherical sliding structure, which enhances the adaptability of the crushing device to multi-directional loads and further ensures that the pressure cone 4 always squeezes the crushing tube 5 along the axial direction.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 8 As shown, the pressure cone 4 and the adapter 6 are an integral structure. The pressure cone 4 and the adapter 6 are placed as a whole part inside the crushing tube 5, which cooperates with the pressure tube 1 and the crushing tube 5. This helps to simplify the assembly steps, reduce the number of parts of the crushing device, and reduce the failure risk of the crushing device.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pressure cone 4 and the adapter 6 are separate structures, and the pressure cone 4 and the adapter 6 are sleeved or connected by threads to ensure the stability of the connection between the pressure cone 4 and the adapter 6.

[0054] Some embodiments of the present invention further provide a coupler including the above-described crushing device.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0056] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A crushing device, characterized in that, include: Crushed pipe; A pressure cone, wherein the pressure cone is disposed within the crushing tube; The conical surface of the pressure cone abuts against the inner wall of the crushing tube; An adapter is disposed inside the crushing tube, one end of which is connected to the pressure cone, and the other end has a first spherical surface; A pressure tube, one end of which is sleeved inside the crushing tube and slides in fit with the first spherical surface; the end of the pressure tube is clearance-fitted with the end of the pressure cone, and the outer wall of the pressure tube is clearance-fitted with the inner wall of the crushing tube, so that the pressure tube and the adapter can slide relative to each other; When the pressure tube is subjected to a non-axial load, the pressure tube slides relative to the adapter, dissipating the non-axial force, causing the pressure cone to axially compress the crushing tube, thereby deforming the crushing tube.

2. The crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further includes a mounting base; The mounting base is sleeved on the outside of the crushing pipe and the pressurizing pipe, and is fixed to the vehicle body; The mounting base is provided with a first limiting part protruding from the inner wall of the mounting base at the end near the crushing tube; The end of the crushing tube is provided with a second limiting part protruding from the outer wall of the crushing tube; the second limiting part is engaged with the first limiting part to prevent the crushing tube from coming out in a direction away from the pressurizing tube.

3. The crushing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The minimum inner diameter of the end of the crushing tube is not less than the maximum outer diameter of the pressure cone.

4. The crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A limiting element is provided at the end of the mounting base near the pressure tube; The end of the pressurizing tube is provided with a third limiting part that protrudes from the outer wall of the pressurizing tube; the third limiting part is engaged with the limiting member to prevent the pressurizing tube from coming out in a direction away from the crushing tube.

5. The crushing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The third limiting part is fitted with the inner wall of the crushing tube with a clearance.

6. The crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crushing tube is provided with a variable diameter section; the slope of the inner wall of the variable diameter section matches the slope of the conical surface of the pressure cone; the conical surface of the pressure cone abuts against the inner wall of the variable diameter section.

7. The crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the pressure cone away from the pressure tube extends into the interior of the crushing tube to form a guide portion; The outer wall of the guide portion fits against the inner wall of the crushing tube, and is used to guide the crushing tube to expand circumferentially and uniformly when the pressure cone axially compresses the crushing tube.

8. The crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adapter has a second spherical surface at one end near the pressure cone; the pressure cone slides in conjunction with the second spherical surface.

9. The crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure cone and the adapter are an integral structure.

10. A coupler, characterized in that, include: Includes the crushing device according to any one of claims 1-9.

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