A belt conveyor capable of uniformly distributing materials and a method for regulating the same

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of belt conveyors, specifically a belt conveyor for uniform material distribution and its control method. It aims to solve the problems of material agglomeration, uneven material accumulation, and poor spill prevention under extremely cold conditions. The invention includes two frames and a belt conveyor installed between the two frames. A gantry frame is fixed at the top of each frame. Multiple first material distribution mechanisms are arranged in a V-shape within the gantry frame, with the V-shaped openings facing the conveying direction. Each first material distribution mechanism includes comb teeth and wedge-shaped teeth fixed to one side of the comb teeth. The comb teeth are used to divert material to both sides, and the wedge-shaped teeth are used to split large pieces of material. A second material distribution mechanism is located between the two frames, including a rotating rod that rotates through the frame and multiple idlers fixed to the outer wall of the rotating rod. The idlers are offset from the center, and the eccentric phase angles of adjacent idlers are staggered to create a wavy conveyor belt. A recycling and discharge mechanism is also included. This conveyor is used for uniform material distribution and spill prevention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of belt conveyor technology, and in particular to a belt conveyor for uniform material distribution and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Belt conveyors, as the primary equipment for continuous transport of bulk materials, are widely used in industries such as coal, mining, building materials, and power. During material transport, when material falls onto the conveyor belt from upstream equipment, uneven material distribution often occurs due to concentrated drop points, fluctuating material flow rates, or differences in the material's own properties. Excessive localized material accumulation not only reduces the effective loading rate of the conveyor belt but also easily leads to spillage and dust generation when passing through idler rollers. Simultaneously, uneven material flow entering downstream equipment can adversely affect the processing efficiency of crushers, screening machines, and other equipment, and may even cause overload or blockage.

[0003] Especially in low-temperature winter environments, materials such as coal are prone to freezing into clumps. These frozen material clumps are large and hard, falling onto the conveyor belt along with the bulk materials. Traditional material leveling devices mostly use fixed plows or baffles to scrape down the material that is higher than the conveyor belt by physical obstruction. These devices have a certain material leveling effect when dealing with bulk materials, but when the material contains large hard objects or frozen clumps, the fixed plows are not only difficult to break or divert them, but are also easily damaged by violent impacts, or even tear the conveyor belt. In addition, large hard objects in the material accumulate in front of the plows, which will aggravate local wear on the conveyor belt and shorten its service life. Material falling from the edges during conveying is another long-standing technical problem: the conveyor belt will swing laterally during operation, and the uneven distribution of materials will cause the load to be uneven, resulting in some fine and broken materials falling from the edges of the conveyor belt. These spilled materials accumulate around the frame and need to be cleaned up regularly. Otherwise, it will affect the normal operation of the idlers and rollers and increase the running resistance of the equipment. The existing anti-spill measures are mainly to set up side guards or baffles on both sides of the conveyor belt. However, side guards limit the versatility of the conveyor belt, while baffles can only prevent materials from splashing outwards and cannot recover materials that have rolled off the edges.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, the industry has proposed various material distribution technologies. For example, some devices use vibration to spread the material evenly on the conveyor belt. A vibrating motor drives the conveyor belt to vibrate, causing the material to redistribute. This method is effective for fine particles, but its effectiveness is limited for large pieces and frozen lumps. Another method uses rotating paddle wheels, which use rotating blades to disperse accumulated material to both sides. These devices consume significant power, and the rotating parts contact the conveyor belt, posing a risk of scratching it.

[0005] Existing belt conveyor material distribution technology still needs improvement in dealing with low-temperature agglomerated materials, edge spillage recovery, and dynamic material spreading. How to enable belt conveyors to protect the conveyor belt from damage while conveying materials containing large hard objects, distribute the material evenly on the conveyor belt, and automatically recover and return spilled material to the conveyor belt are technical problems that need to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the challenges of existing technologies, such as the tendency of materials to freeze into clumps in extremely cold mining conditions, which traditional material leveling devices cannot effectively handle and can easily cause conveyor belt tearing; static scraper-type material leveling can lead to material compaction and uneven distribution, affecting the processing effect of downstream equipment; and the inability to automatically recover material spillage at the conveyor belt edge, requiring separate air source and recovery device, resulting in complex structure, high energy consumption, and inability to meet the industry pain points of mining field operations without external air sources. Therefore, this invention proposes a belt conveyor with uniform material distribution and its control method.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A belt conveyor for uniform material distribution includes: Two frames, with the belt conveyor installed between the two frames; A gantry frame, fixed to the top of the two aforementioned frames; Multiple sets of first material equalization mechanisms are located inside the gantry frame. The multiple first material equalization mechanisms are arranged in a V-shape with the V-shaped opening facing the conveying direction of the belt conveyor. They are used to disperse materials that have clumped at low temperatures and to split large pieces of material. Each first material equalization mechanism includes comb teeth and wedge teeth fixed on one side of the comb teeth. The comb teeth are used to divert the conveyed material to both sides, and the wedge teeth are used to split large pieces of material. The second material distribution mechanism is located between the two frames and passes through the conveyor belt in the belt conveyor. It is used to make the conveyor belt undulate so as to distribute the material evenly. The second material distribution mechanism includes a rotating rod that rotates through the two frames. as well as, Two sets of recycling and discharge mechanisms are used to collect materials that fall from the edge of the conveyor belt during the conveying process of the belt conveyor and place the materials back on the conveyor belt. The recycling and discharge mechanism includes a curved plate fixed to the side of the frame near the belt conveyor, the top of the curved plate extending into the conveyor belt for collecting fine fragments that fall from the conveyor belt.

[0008] In one possible design, the first material leveling mechanism further includes a fixed seat fixed to the inner wall of the top of the gantry frame. A rotating shaft is rotatably connected inside the fixed seat. A swing arm is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft. The bottom of the fixed seat is provided with a clearance groove for the swing arm to make way. The bottom end of the swing arm passes through the clearance groove and is fixedly connected to the top end of the comb teeth. Two coiled springs are sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft. One end of each coiled spring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed seat. A limiting block for limiting the swing arm is fixed inside the clearance groove. When a hard material impacts the comb teeth and the wedge teeth, the swing arm drives the rotating shaft to rotate, and the coiled spring stores energy. After the material passes through, the coiled spring releases its elastic potential energy, causing the comb teeth and the wedge teeth to return to the vertical state defined by the limiting block.

[0009] In one possible design, the second material distribution mechanism further includes a plurality of idlers fixed to the outer wall of the rotating rod for pushing the bottom of the conveyor belt, wherein the rotating rod is located at a position off-center from the idlers, and the eccentric phase angles of two adjacent idlers are staggered. When the rotating rod drives the multiple idlers to rotate, the idlers alternately push against the bottom of the conveyor belt, causing the conveyor belt to form undulations that are interwoven laterally and longitudinally, causing the material inside to tumble and flatten.

[0010] In one possible design, the idler roller has an arc-shaped groove on the side away from the rotating rod, and multiple rubber wheels are rotatably connected in a ring arrangement in the arc-shaped groove to reduce the friction between the idler roller and the bottom of the conveyor belt when the idler roller pushes against the conveyor belt.

[0011] In one possible design, the recycling and discharge mechanism further includes a negative pressure cylinder fixedly penetrating the frame. A guide pipe is fixedly connected to the top of the negative pressure cylinder, and the top end of the guide pipe is fixedly penetrating the bent plate. The two ends of the bent plate are higher than the middle height, which is used to gather fine materials towards the middle and discharge them to the negative pressure cylinder through the guide pipe. A fixing ring II is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the negative pressure cylinder. Multiple inclined pipes are fixed on one side of the fixing ring II. The inclined pipes are inclined and close to each other, and their ends are fixedly extended into the negative pressure cylinder to inject air into the negative pressure cylinder, so that a negative pressure is formed inside the negative pressure cylinder to draw in the materials. An arc-shaped pipe extending to the top of the belt conveyor is fixedly connected to the end of the negative pressure cylinder away from the guide pipe.

[0012] In one possible design, the recycling and emission mechanism further includes a housing fixed to the side of the frame away from the belt conveyor. An air injection pipe, which is fixedly connected to the fixed ring II, is fixed to one side of the housing. A piston plate is slidably connected inside the housing. The top of the piston plate is fixedly connected to the same top plate via multiple sliding rods. Multiple tension springs are fixedly connected between the top of the piston plate and the inner top wall of the housing. A cam located above the top plate is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod. When the rotating rod rotates, it drives the cam to rotate, which, in conjunction with the tension springs, drives the piston plate to reciprocate, injecting air from the housing into the fixed ring II through the air injection pipe. An air inlet pipe is fixed to one side of the housing, and both the air inlet pipe and the air injection pipe are equipped with one-way valves.

[0013] In one possible design, a drive motor is fixed to one side of one of the frames, and the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to one end of the rotating rod via a synchronous pulley and a synchronous belt to provide driving force for the rotation of the rotating rod.

[0014] In one possible design, each of the two frames has a rectangular groove, each of the two rectangular grooves has a fixed plate, each of the two rectangular grooves has an F-shaped plate slidably connected to it, and each of the two F-shaped plates has a U-shaped frame fixed to one end of each other. Each of the two F-shaped plates has a threaded rod, which is rotatably connected to the corresponding fixed plate and threadedly connected to the F-shaped plate, for driving the U-shaped frame to move closer to or away from the conveyor belt. Each of the two U-shaped frames has multiple rollers rotatably connected to the edge of the conveyor belt, and the bottom of the U-shaped frame has a discharge port for discharging material onto the curved plate.

[0015] In one possible design, a control center and an operation panel electrically connected to the control center are fixed to one side of one of the frames. The control center is electrically connected to the belt conveyor and the drive motor.

[0016] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this invention not only solves the problems of cleaning dead corners, extra energy consumption, and tool contamination in existing technologies, but also achieves unexpected overall technical effects such as no need for additional lifting / stopping devices, no need for manual operation in narrow spaces, significantly shortening downtime, completely restoring uniform material distribution, ensuring safe operation in extreme cold, and significantly reducing material loss.

[0017] A method for controlling a belt conveyor for uniform material distribution includes the following steps: After the material falls onto the conveyor belt, it passes through the gantry frame and is then processed by multiple first material equalization mechanisms arranged in a V-shape with their openings facing the conveying direction. These mechanisms use comb teeth to divide the material and guide it to both sides, and wedge teeth to split large pieces of material into smaller fragments. When frozen material blocks impact the comb teeth and wedge teeth, the comb teeth and wedge teeth rotate backward within a fixed seat via a swing arm and a rotating shaft to make room. This causes the rotating shaft to twist and coil around a spring to accumulate elastic potential energy. After the material block passes, the coiled spring releases its potential energy, driving the rotating shaft and swing arm to rotate in the opposite direction, resetting the comb teeth and wedge teeth. A limiting block in the clearance groove then limits the movement of the swing arm. The control drive motor drives the rotating rod to rotate through synchronous transmission. Multiple idlers mounted eccentrically on the rotating rod and with adjacent phase angles staggered rotate eccentrically to alternately push the bottom of the conveyor belt, causing the conveyor belt to undulate and cause the material to roll in the fluctuation, allowing fine materials to sink to the bottom and extend to both sides. At the same time, the rubber wheel connected to the arc groove of the idler roller forms rolling friction with the bottom of the conveyor belt. The curved plate collects the fallen material and gathers it towards the center. At the same time, the rotating rod drives the cam to rotate. The cam, in conjunction with the tension spring, drives the piston plate to move back and forth in the box. When the piston plate moves down, air is injected into the fixed ring II through the air injection pipe. When the piston plate moves up, air is drawn in through the air intake pipe. The air in the fixed ring II is injected into the negative pressure cylinder through the inclined tube to form a jet. A negative pressure is formed on the side of the negative pressure cylinder near the guide pipe, which draws the material on the curved plate into the guide pipe. After entering the negative pressure cylinder, the material is guided by the swirl guide plate to generate a spiral flow, and then falls back to the conveyor belt through the arc-shaped tube. The F-shaped plate is driven by a threaded rod to move along a rectangular groove to adjust the position of the U-shaped frame, so that the edge of the conveyor belt contacts the roller and drives the roller to rotate. The spiral texture of the roller is used to push the material back to the center of the conveyor belt. The material falling into the U-shaped frame is discharged into the curved plate through the discharge port. Parameters are set via the operation panel, and the control center controls the belt conveyor and the drive motor. By adjusting the speed of the drive motor, the speed of the rotating rod is changed, so that the first material distribution mechanism, the second material distribution mechanism, the recycling and discharge mechanism, and the edge anti-spillage device work together to ensure that the material is evenly distributed.

[0018] Beneficial effects: In this invention, multiple sets of V-shaped first material equalization mechanisms are set inside the gantry frame, and comb teeth and wedge teeth are set in the first material equalization mechanisms. When the material on the conveyor belt passes through the gantry frame, the multiple V-shaped first material equalization mechanisms divert the material, so that the material is initially dispersed in the lateral direction. When encountering large hard objects or frozen lumps, the tips of the wedge teeth cut into the lumps, and the splitting effect of the wedge structure breaks the large pieces of material into smaller fragments, preventing large pieces of material from clogging subsequent equipment or affecting the material distribution effect. The comb teeth and wedge teeth are rotatably connected to the fixed base through swing arms and rotating shafts. A coiled spring is installed on the rotating shaft. When subjected to severe impact, the comb teeth and wedge teeth can rotate backward to make way, unloading the impact kinetic energy and preventing the rigid impact force from acting directly on the conveyor belt, thus protecting the conveyor belt from being scratched or torn. After the material passes through, the coiled spring drives the comb teeth and wedge teeth to reset, so that the first material equalization mechanism can continue to work. This structure not only ensures the diversion effect of normal materials, but also automatically avoids large hard objects, improving the reliability and safety of the equipment. The elastic force of the coiled spring can be selected and adjusted according to the material characteristics to ensure adaptability to different materials. In this invention, a second material leveling mechanism is set between two frames, and multiple idlers are eccentrically installed on the rotating rod with staggered eccentric phase angles between adjacent idlers. When the rotating rod drives the idlers to rotate, the idlers alternately push the bottom of the conveyor belt, causing the conveyor belt to produce a gentle undulating wave-like motion with interwoven transverse and longitudinal directions. This undulating motion causes the material on the conveyor belt to tumble internally during its forward movement. During the tumbling process, small materials sink to the bottom and extend to both sides, while larger materials are relatively concentrated in the middle area, thereby achieving natural flattening of the material from the inside out. Compared with traditional scraper-type material leveling devices, this material leveling method achieved by conveyor belt undulation does not cause material compression or breakage, and is especially suitable for materials that require particle integrity. In this invention, a recycling and discharge mechanism is set up to collect materials falling from the edge of the conveyor belt using a curved plate, and then send the materials back to the conveyor belt through a negative pressure cylinder and an arc-shaped pipe. This achieves automatic recycling of materials spilled from the edge. The curved plate's structure, with its high ends and low middle, causes the collected materials to automatically converge towards the center, facilitating their intake into the negative pressure cylinder through the guide pipe. The inclined pipe is set at an angle and forms a jet inside the negative pressure cylinder. Using the principle of jet entrainment, a negative pressure is generated at the guide pipe, drawing the materials into the negative pressure cylinder. The swirling guide plate causes the airflow and materials to spiral, keeping the materials suspended and preventing them from settling inside the negative pressure cylinder. This ensures that the materials are smoothly discharged through the arc-shaped pipe. This recycling and discharge mechanism requires no mechanical conveying components, has a simple structure, is easy to maintain, and can continuously and automatically collect and send fallen materials back to the conveyor belt, reducing material loss and on-site cleanup workload, and improving material utilization. In this invention, by setting up a piston-type air supply device linked to the rotating rod, the piston plate is driven by a cam to reciprocate, and air is forced into the fixed ring II to provide a continuous airflow for the recovery and emission mechanism. This structure is linked to the rotating rod, eliminating the need for a separate air source and drive device, making the entire device more compact and energy-efficient. This linkage makes full use of the rotational energy of the rotating rod, reducing external energy consumption and improving the overall energy efficiency of the equipment. In this invention, a laterally movable U-shaped frame is installed within the machine frame, and multiple rollers with spiral textures are rotatably connected within the U-shaped frame. When the conveyor belt carries the material forward, the friction of the material drives the rollers to rotate. The spiral texture on the roller surface pulls the material attempting to overflow the edge back towards the center of the conveyor belt. This structure changes the sliding friction between the material and the edge device to the rolling friction between the roller and the material, reducing resistance and wear. At the same time, the rotation of the spiral texture achieves the effect of dynamically gathering the material. The position of the U-shaped frame can be adjusted by the threaded rod to adapt to conveyor belts of different widths, improving the versatility of the equipment. Material falling into the U-shaped frame from the gap between the rollers is discharged to the bending plate through the discharge port and recovered by the recycling and discharge mechanism, further reducing material loss.

[0019] In this invention, the first material distribution mechanism arranged in a V-shape effectively disperses agglomerated materials and splits large pieces, preventing belt tearing; the second material distribution mechanism uses eccentric idlers to form a wave-like conveyor belt, achieving natural material flattening and reducing vibration noise and equipment wear; the recycling and discharge mechanism automatically collects and re-transports materials that fall off the edges, improving material utilization; the dynamic gathering device pushes overflowing materials back to the center of the conveyor belt, reducing spillage costs. The overall structure improves the stability and efficiency of the conveyor under complex working conditions and extends the service life of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a belt conveyor for uniform material distribution provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A three-dimensional exploded view of the gantry and comb teeth of a belt conveyor for uniform material distribution provided by the present invention. Figure 3 A three-dimensional exploded view of the swing arm and fixed seat of a belt conveyor for uniform material distribution provided by the present invention. Figure 4 A three-dimensional exploded view of the rotating shaft, fixed ring I, and coiled spring of a belt conveyor for uniform material distribution provided by the present invention. Figure 5 A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a belt conveyor for uniform material distribution provided by the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 7 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the rotating rod and idler roller of a belt conveyor for uniform material distribution provided by the present invention. Figure 8 A three-dimensional exploded view of the idler rollers and rubber wheels of a belt conveyor for uniform material distribution provided by the present invention. Figure 9 A three-dimensional exploded view of the curved plate, F-shaped plate, and U-shaped frame of a belt conveyor for uniform material distribution provided by the present invention. Figure 10 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the U-shaped frame of a belt conveyor for uniform material distribution provided by the present invention. Figure 11 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the negative pressure cylinder, box body, and arc-shaped tube of a belt conveyor for uniform material distribution provided by the present invention; Figure 12 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the negative pressure cylinder and the fixing ring II of a belt conveyor for uniform material distribution provided by the present invention. Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional exploded cross-sectional view of the housing and top plate of a belt conveyor for uniform material distribution provided by the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Gantry frame; 3. Fixed base; 4. Clearance groove; 5. Rotating shaft; 6. Swing arm; 7. Comb teeth; 8. Wedge teeth; 9. Fixed ring I; 10. Coiled spring; 11. Arc-shaped corrugated belt; 12. Rotating rod; 13. Drive motor; 14. Idler roller; 15. Arc-shaped groove; 16. Rubber wheel; 17. Rectangular groove; 18. Fixed plate; 19. F-shaped plate; 20. Threaded rod; 21. U 21. Frame; 22. Roller; 23. Discharge port; 24. Bending plate; 25. Guide pipe; 26. Negative pressure cylinder; 27. Fixing ring II; 28. Inclined pipe; 29. ​​Swirl guide plate; 30. Arc-shaped pipe; 31. Air injection pipe; 32. Box body; 33. Air inlet pipe; 34. One-way valve; 35. Piston plate; 36. Tension spring; 37. Sliding rod; 38. Top plate; 39. Cam; 40. Control center; 41. Operation panel. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0023] In one embodiment: Refer to Figure 1A belt conveyor for uniform material distribution, relating to the field of belt conveyor technology, includes two parallel frames 1. The main body of the belt conveyor is installed between the two frames 1. The belt conveyor includes conventional components such as a conveyor belt, drive rollers, redirecting rollers, upper idler rollers, and lower idler rollers. These components are arranged in a conventional manner between the two frames 1 for carrying and conveying materials. For ease of description, in the following description, the direction in which the belt conveyor conveys materials is defined as forward.

[0024] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The tops of the two frames 1 are fixedly installed with the same gantry frame 2 by welding or bolting. The gantry frame 2 spans across the belt conveyor and its structure has sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand the load when the material is impacted. The gantry frame 2 is equipped with multiple sets of first material leveling mechanisms. These first material leveling mechanisms are arranged in a V-shape inside the gantry frame 2, and the opening of the V-shape faces the direction of the belt conveyor. That is, the tip of the V-shape faces away from the material direction and the opening faces the material direction. This arrangement ensures that the material first comes into contact with the V-shaped first material leveling mechanism when it moves forward with the conveyor belt.

[0025] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The first material equalization mechanism includes comb teeth 7 and wedge teeth 8 fixed on one side of comb teeth 7. Comb teeth 7 are generally triangular plates and are used to divert the material on the conveyor belt to both sides. Wedge teeth 8 are fixed on one side of comb teeth 7 and are wedge-shaped with the tip facing the material direction. They are used to split large pieces of material. When the material flows under the gantry 2, the tooth structure of comb teeth 7 divides the accumulated material into multiple strands and guides them to both sides, so that the material is initially dispersed in the lateral direction. If the material contains large hard objects or frozen lumps, when these lumps come into contact with comb teeth 7, the tip of the wedge teeth 8 first cuts into the lumps and uses the splitting action of the wedge structure to decompose the large pieces of material into smaller pieces.

[0026] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4The first material equalization mechanism includes a fixed base 3 fixed to the top inner wall of the gantry frame 2. The fixed base 3 is a hollow shell structure. A rotating shaft 5 is rotatably connected to the fixed base 3 via bearings. The rotating shaft 5 is arranged horizontally in the transverse direction. A swing arm 6 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 5. The lower end of the swing arm 6 extends downward. A clearance groove 4 is provided at the bottom of the fixed base 3. The size of the clearance groove 4 is larger than the cross-sectional size of the swing arm 6, which is used to provide clearance space for the swing arm 6 when it swings. The bottom end of the swing arm 6 extends through the clearance groove 4 to the bottom of the fixed base 3 and is fixedly connected to the top of the comb teeth 7. Two fixing rings I9 are fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 5. These two fixing rings I9 are located on the swing arm 6 respectively. On both sides, the axial position of the swing arm 6 on the rotating shaft 5 is limited. Two coiled springs 10 are also sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 5. The coiled springs 10 are helical torsion springs. One end of each coiled spring 10 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft 5, and the other end of each coiled spring 10 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the corresponding fixed seat 3. When the swing arm 6 is subjected to an external force and drives the rotating shaft 5 to rotate, the rotation of the rotating shaft 5 will twist the coiled springs 10, causing the coiled springs 10 to accumulate elastic potential energy. When the external force disappears, the coiled springs 10 release the elastic potential energy, driving the rotating shaft 5 and the swing arm 6 to rotate in opposite directions to reset. The parameters of the coiled springs 10 can be selected according to the magnitude of the material impact force.

[0027] Reference Figure 3 A limiting block is fixed inside the relief groove 4. The limiting block is located on the side of the relief groove 4 closer to the material inlet direction. When the coiled spring 10 drives the swing arm 6 to reset and rotate, the swing arm 6 will abut against the limiting block. The limiting block limits the swing arm 6, keeping the swing arm 6 in a vertical state. This design ensures that when normal material passes through, the comb teeth 7 and wedge teeth 8 are in the predetermined working position, which can effectively play the role of diversion and splitting.

[0028] Reference Figure 3 The outer wall of the swing arm 6 is fixedly fitted with an arc-shaped corrugated belt 11. The arc-shaped corrugated belt 11 is made of flexible wear-resistant material and is in the shape of a corrugated tube. The two ends of the arc-shaped corrugated belt 11 are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the two sides of the relief groove 4 that are far apart from each other, thus closing the opening of the relief groove 4. The arc-shaped corrugated belt 11 can extend and deform with the swing arm 6, always forming a seal on the relief groove 4, preventing external dust and materials from entering the interior of the fixed seat 3, protecting the rotating shaft 5 and the coiled spring 10 from contamination, and ensuring the long-term reliable operation of the first material equalization mechanism.

[0029] Specifically, in open-pit coal mines and other winter environments, the coal transported by belt conveyors often contains large lumps of frozen material as well as bulk materials. When the normal bulk material passes through the gantry 2, multiple first material equalization mechanisms arranged in a V-shape divert the material. When encountering a hard, large lump of frozen material, the comb teeth 7 and wedge teeth 8 are subjected to impact force. Since the comb teeth 7 and wedge teeth 8 are connected to the rotating shaft 5 via the swing arm 6, and the rotating shaft 5 can rotate within the fixed seat 3, the impacted comb teeth 7 and wedge teeth 8 will rotate backward around the rotating shaft 5 to make way. This making way action can unload the impact force generated by the material lumps. Kinetic energy is used to prevent rigid impact forces from acting directly on the conveyor belt, thus protecting the conveyor belt from being scratched or torn. As the comb teeth 7 and wedge teeth 8 rotate backward, the wedge teeth 8 split the frozen material block along the joint surface or weak surface inside. After the material block passes, the external force on the comb teeth 7 and wedge teeth 8 disappears, and the coiled spring 10 releases the accumulated elastic potential energy, driving the rotating shaft 5 and the swing arm 6 to rotate in the opposite direction, causing the comb teeth 7 and wedge teeth 8 to spring back to their original positions. When the swing arm 6 returns to the vertical position, the limiting block in the clearance groove 4 limits the swing arm 6, allowing the comb teeth 7 and wedge teeth 8 to accurately return to their working positions, waiting for the next material impact.

[0030] Reference Figure 5 A second material equalization mechanism is set between the two frames 1. The second material equalization mechanism runs through the conveyor belt of the belt conveyor. Its function is to make the conveyor belt generate a wave-like shape during operation. Through the undulating movement of the conveyor belt, the material on the conveyor belt is tumbled and redistributed internally, so as to evenly distribute the material on the conveyor belt.

[0031] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 7 The second material distribution mechanism includes a rotating rod 12, which extends laterally through the two frames 1 and is rotatably connected to the two frames 1 via bearings. The rotating rod 12 is located below the conveyor belt. A drive motor 13 is fixedly installed on one side of one of the frames 1. The output shaft of the drive motor 13 and one end of the rotating rod 12 are connected by a synchronous pulley and a synchronous belt. The drive motor 13 provides driving force for the rotation of the rotating rod 12. The drive motor 13 can be a common three-phase asynchronous motor or a frequency converter motor. The rotation speed of the rotating rod 12 can be adjusted by controlling the rotation speed of the drive motor 13.

[0032] Reference Figure 7Multiple idlers 14 are fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod 12. These idlers 14 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the rotating rod 12. The idlers 14 are used to push the bottom of the conveyor belt, causing the conveyor belt to undulate. The rotating rod 12 is located at a position off-center from the idlers 14. That is to say, the idlers 14 are eccentrically mounted on the rotating rod 12. When the rotating rod 12 rotates, the idlers 14 rotate eccentrically around the axis of the rotating rod 12. The distance between their outer edge and the axis of the rotating rod 12 changes periodically. The eccentric phase angles of two adjacent idlers 14 are staggered. For example, when the eccentric direction of the first idler 14 is directly upward, the eccentric direction of the adjacent second idler 14 may be diagonally upward or to the side. This staggered arrangement causes the multiple idlers 14 to alternately push different positions of the conveyor belt during rotation, thereby causing the conveyor belt to undulate in both the longitudinal and transverse directions.

[0033] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 7 , Figure 8 The idler roller 14 has an arc-shaped groove 15 on the side away from the rotating rod 12. The arc-shaped groove 15 extends circumferentially along the outer edge of the idler roller 14. Multiple rubber wheels 16 are arranged in a ring and rotatably connected inside the arc-shaped groove 15. These rubber wheels 16 can rotate freely around their own axis. When the rotating rod 12 drives the idler roller 14 to rotate eccentrically and push against the bottom of the conveyor belt, the idler roller 14 and the bottom of the conveyor belt come into contact and move relative to each other. Since the rubber wheels 16 can rotate freely, when the conveyor belt comes into contact with the idler roller 14, rolling friction is formed between the rubber wheels 16 and the conveyor belt, rather than sliding friction. This rolling friction can reduce the friction between the idler roller 14 and the bottom of the conveyor belt, and reduce the wear and movement resistance of the conveyor belt.

[0034] Specifically, when the belt conveyor transports materials, the drive motor 13 starts and drives the rotating rod 12 to rotate via the synchronous belt drive. The rotating rod 12 drives multiple idler rollers 14 to rotate eccentrically. Due to the eccentric installation of the idler rollers 14 and the phase angle of adjacent idler rollers 14, the idler rollers 14 alternately contact the bottom of the conveyor belt during rotation, alternately pushing the conveyor belt. This alternating pushing action makes the conveyor belt form an interlaced wave-like undulation. The undulating motion of the conveyor belt is transmitted to the materials on the conveyor belt, causing the materials to tumble internally during the forward movement. During the tumbling process, small material particles sink to the bottom and extend to both sides, while larger material particles are relatively concentrated in the middle area. Through the action of this purely mechanical structure, the materials are naturally flattened from the inside out, making the material distribution on the conveyor belt more uniform.

[0035] When the second material equalization mechanism is working, the conveyor belt will undulate due to the eccentric rotation of the idler roller 14. The amplitude and frequency of this undulating motion can be controlled by adjusting the eccentricity of the idler roller 14, the rotation speed of the rotating rod 12, and the number of idler rollers 14. In a specific embodiment, the eccentricity of the idler roller 14 can be set to 10 mm to 50 mm, and the rotation speed of the rotating rod 12 can be set to 30 rpm to 150 rpm. For fine granular materials with good flowability, a smaller eccentricity and a higher rotation speed can be used; for viscous materials or large pieces of material with poor flowability, a larger eccentricity and a lower rotation speed can be used.

[0036] Reference Figure 7 To further improve the uniformity of material distribution, the eccentric phase angle of the idler rollers 14 can be arranged in a specific manner. For example, the idler rollers 14 can be arranged in a manner with the phase angle increasing sequentially, so that the undulations of the conveyor belt gradually move along the conveying direction. Alternatively, the idler rollers 14 can be grouped, with the phase angles of the idler rollers 14 in each group being the same, and the phase angles between groups being staggered, forming intermittent undulating areas. These different arrangement methods can be selected and adjusted according to the characteristics of the material and the conveying requirements.

[0037] Reference Figure 5 During the operation of a belt conveyor, it is a common problem for materials to fall off the edge of the conveyor belt. To solve this problem, the present invention provides a recycling and discharge mechanism on the frame 1. The recycling and discharge mechanism is used to collect the fine materials that fall off the edge of the conveyor belt and put these materials back onto the conveyor belt of the belt conveyor for continued conveying.

[0038] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 10 The recycling and discharge mechanism includes a curved plate 24, which is fixed to the side of the frame 1 near the belt conveyor. The top of the curved plate 24 extends into the conveyor belt. Specifically, the upper edge of the curved plate 24 extends below the edge of the conveyor belt, maintaining a gap with the edge of the conveyor belt. When material falls from the edge of the conveyor belt, the falling material will land on the curved plate 24. The height of both ends of the curved plate 24 is higher than the height of the middle, that is, the middle position of the curved plate 24 is lower and the two ends are higher. This structure allows the fine fragments that fall on the curved plate 24 to converge towards the middle by gravity, which is convenient for centralized collection and processing.

[0039] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 10 and Figure 11The recycling and discharge mechanism also includes a negative pressure cylinder 26, which is fixedly connected through the frame 1. The negative pressure cylinder 26 is a hollow cylindrical structure with its axis perpendicular to the conveying direction. A guide pipe 25 is fixedly connected to the top of the negative pressure cylinder 26. The top of the guide pipe 25 is fixedly connected through the bent plate 24. The guide pipe 25 connects the lowest point of the middle part of the bent plate 24 to the negative pressure cylinder 26, so that the material gathered on the bent plate 24 can be discharged into the negative pressure cylinder 26 through the guide pipe 25.

[0040] Reference Figure 11 and Figure 12 A fixing ring II 27 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the negative pressure cylinder 26. The fixing ring II 27 is an annular cavity structure that surrounds the outside of the negative pressure cylinder 26. Multiple inclined tubes 28 are fixed on one side of the fixing ring II 27. These inclined tubes 28 are inclined and their ends that are close to each other are fixedly extended into the interior of the negative pressure cylinder 26. The inclination direction of the inclined tubes 28 causes the airflow ejected from the inclined tubes 28 to be directed toward the far end of the negative pressure cylinder 26, that is, away from the guide tube 25. When compressed air or high-speed airflow enters the fixing ring II 27, the airflow is injected into the negative pressure cylinder 26 through the multiple inclined tubes 28. Due to the inclination of the inclined tubes 28, the discharged air forms a jet and flows away from the guide tube 25. The injected air forms a high-speed jet through the inclined tubes 28. The jet entrainment effect generates a negative pressure zone at the guide tube 25, thereby sucking in the material in the bent plate 24 and then into the negative pressure cylinder 26.

[0041] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 An arc-shaped pipe 30 is fixedly connected to one end of the negative pressure cylinder 26 away from the feed pipe 25. The arc-shaped pipe 30 extends to the top of the belt conveyor. Multiple swirling guide plates 29 are fixed inside the negative pressure cylinder 26. The swirling guide plates 29 are located on the side of the inclined pipe 28 away from the feed pipe 25, that is, downstream of the air outlet of the inclined pipe 28. The swirling guide plates 29 are spiral or blade-shaped. When the airflow carries the material through the swirling guide plates 29, the airflow and material generate a spiral flow under the guidance of the swirling guide plates 29. This spiral flow helps to maintain the suspension of the material and prevent the material from settling in the negative pressure cylinder 26. At the same time, it guides the material to rotate and move forward along the cylinder wall of the negative pressure cylinder 26, and finally discharges through the arc-shaped pipe 30.

[0042] Specifically, the fixed ring II 27 injects air at high speed into the negative pressure cylinder 26 through the inclined tube 28. Due to the inclined arrangement of multiple inclined tubes 28, the discharged air flows towards the arc-shaped tube 30. This jet effect creates a negative pressure on the side of the negative pressure cylinder 26 near the guide tube 25. The negative pressure acts on the bent plate 24 through the guide tube 25. The fine fragments collected by the bent plate 24 from the edge of the conveyor belt are sucked into the guide tube 25 under the action of the negative pressure and enter the negative pressure cylinder 26. The material entering the negative pressure cylinder 26 moves forward with the airflow. When passing through the swirling guide plate 29, the airflow and material generate a spiral flow. The material remains suspended and moves forward under the propulsion of centrifugal force and airflow. Finally, it is discharged through the arc-shaped tube 30 and falls back onto the conveyor belt of the belt conveyor for conveying again.

[0043] The air intake of the fixed ring II 27 can be from an external air source or from an independent air supply device provided in this invention. In a preferred embodiment, the air intake of the fixed ring II 27 is provided by a piston-type air pump linked to the rotating rod 12, which eliminates the need for a separate air source and makes the entire device more compact and energy-efficient.

[0044] Reference Figure 5 and Figures 11-13 The recycling and discharge mechanism also includes a housing 32, which is fixed to the side of the frame 1 away from the belt conveyor. The housing 32 is a closed shell structure. An air injection pipe 31 is fixedly connected to one side of the housing 32. One end of the air injection pipe 31 is fixedly connected to a fixing ring II 27. A piston plate 35 is slidably connected inside the housing 32. A sealing element is provided between the outer edge of the piston plate 35 and the inner wall of the housing 32 to ensure that the cavity below the piston plate 35 and the cavity above the piston plate 35 are sealed and isolated from each other when the piston plate 35 moves up and down. Multiple sliding rods 37 are fixed to the top of the piston plate 35. The moving rod 37 is set vertically, and the top of the sliding rod 37 slides to the top of the housing 32 and is fixed with the same top plate 38. The top plate 38 is a flat plate that connects the tops of multiple sliding rods 37 together. Multiple tension springs 36 are fixed between the top of the piston plate 35 and the top inner wall of the housing 32 through spring seats. The tension springs 36 are sleeved on the outer wall of the sliding rod 37, and their upper and lower ends are respectively connected to the top inner wall of the housing 32 and the top of the piston plate 35. The tension springs 36 are always in a stretched state and are used to pull the piston plate 35 upward, so that the piston plate 35 has an upward tendency.

[0045] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 13One end of the rotating rod 12 extends through the frame 1 to the side of the frame 1 away from the belt conveyor. A cam 39 is fixedly fitted at this end of the rotating rod 12. The cam 39 is located above the top plate 38, with its outer edge contacting or maintaining a small gap with the upper surface of the top plate 38. The profile design of the cam 39 allows it to periodically push the top plate 38 downwards during rotation. When the protruding part of the cam 39 contacts the top plate 38, the top plate 38 is pressed down, pushing the piston plate 35 downwards via the sliding rod 37. When the concave part of the cam 39 is opposite the top plate 38, the tension of the tension spring 36 causes the piston plate... 35 moves upward to reset. The side of the housing 32 away from the air injection pipe 31 is fixedly connected to the air inlet pipe 33. Both the air inlet pipe 33 and the air injection pipe 31 are located below the piston plate 35, that is, they are connected to the cavity below the piston plate 35. Both the air injection pipe 31 and the air inlet pipe 33 are equipped with one-way valves 34. The one-way valve 34 in the air injection pipe 31 only allows air to flow from the housing 32 to the fixed ring II 27, preventing air from flowing back from the fixed ring II 27 to the housing 32. The one-way valve 34 in the air inlet pipe 33 only allows outside air to enter the housing 32 through the air inlet pipe 33, preventing air in the housing 32 from being discharged through the air inlet pipe 33.

[0046] Specifically, when the rotating rod 12 drives the idler roller 14 to rotate and alternately pushes the conveyor belt to rise and fall, the rotating rod 12 synchronously drives the cam 39 to rotate. The rotation of the cam 39, in conjunction with the tension of the tension spring 36, drives the piston plate 35 to move up and down reciprocally within the housing 32. When the protruding part of the cam 39 pushes the top plate 38 down, the piston plate 35 moves downward, compressing the air below the piston plate 35. Because the one-way valve 34 in the air injection pipe 31 allows air to flow from the housing 32 to the fixed ring II 27, while the one-way valve 34 in the air inlet pipe 33 prevents air from flowing out of the housing 32, the piston plate 35... When the stopper plate 35 moves down, the air in the housing 32 is forced into the air injection pipe 31 and then into the fixed ring II 27, providing a high-speed airflow for the negative pressure cylinder 26. After the protruding part of the cam 39 rotates, the tension of the tension spring 36 causes the piston plate 35 to move up and reset. At this time, a negative pressure is formed below the piston plate 35, and the one-way valve 34 in the air intake pipe 33 opens. Outside air is drawn into the housing 32 through the air intake pipe 33, preparing for the next compression. Through this reciprocating motion, the piston plate 35 continuously forces air into the fixed ring II 27, providing a continuous airflow for the recovery and emission mechanism.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 7One of the frames 1 has an operation panel 41 and a control center 40 fixed to one side. The operation panel 41 has control buttons for start, stop, speed adjustment, etc., and a display screen for operators to input operation commands and view the equipment's operating status. The control center 40 contains electrical components such as controllers, relays, and frequency converters. The operation panel 41 and the control center 40 are electrically connected. The control center 40 contains a programmable logic controller (PLC) or a microcontroller. The control center 40 is electrically connected to the main drive motor and drive motor 13 of the belt conveyor, respectively, to control... The control center 40 is used to receive the speed signal of the main drive motor of the belt conveyor and output control commands to the drive motor 13 according to the preset cooperative control algorithm to adjust the speed of the rotating rod 12. For example, the control center 40 is configured to: when it detects that the speed of the main drive motor increases and the speed of the conveyor belt increases, it correspondingly increases the speed of the drive motor 13 so that the pushing frequency of the idler roller 14 matches the material flow rate; otherwise, it reduces the speed of the drive motor 13. Through this closed-loop or open-loop control method, the automatic coordination between the second material leveling mechanism and the conveyor belt speed is realized.

[0048] In another embodiment: Refer to Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 9 To further reduce material spillage from the conveyor belt edge, this invention also includes an edge anti-spillage device. Each of the two frames 1 has a rectangular groove 17 extending along the length of the frame 1. A fixing plate 18 is fixed within each of the two rectangular grooves 17, located at one end of the rectangular groove 17 near the middle of the conveyor belt. An F-shaped plate 19 is slidably connected within each of the two rectangular grooves 17, allowing it to slide laterally within the groove. A U-shaped frame 21 is fixed to one end of each F-shaped plate 19 that is close to each other, located on one side of the conveyor belt edge. A threaded rod 20 is provided within each of the two F-shaped plates 19, and a slider is fixed within each F-shaped plate 19. The slider slides into the threaded groove on the outer wall of the threaded rod 20. The ends of the two threaded rods 20 that are close to each other rotate with their respective fixing plates 18. The threaded rod 20 is connected to the other end of the frame 1 and is fixed with a handwheel. The threaded rod 20 is driven to rotate by rotating the handwheel. Since the slider is engaged with the threaded groove of the threaded rod 20 and the F-shaped plate 19 is restricted from rotating by the rectangular groove 17, the rotation of the threaded rod 20 can drive the F-shaped plate 19 to move laterally along the rectangular groove 17, thereby driving the U-shaped frame 21 to move closer to or away from the conveyor belt in the belt conveyor. At the opening of the two rectangular grooves 17, a retractable foldable dust cover (not shown in the figure) is installed. One end of the dust cover is connected to the F-shaped plate 19 and the other end is connected to the end of the rectangular groove 17. It is used to isolate the threaded rod 20 from the external environment and prevent coal dust from entering. At the same time, the threaded rod 20 is made of low-temperature resistant stainless steel and its thread surface is coated with low-temperature resistant grease.

[0049] Reference Figure 9 and Figure 10 Each of the two U-shaped frames 21 has multiple rollers 22 rotatably connected to it via a rotating shaft. Sealed bearings or dustproof end caps are installed between the rotating shaft of the rollers 22 and the U-shaped frame 21 to prevent dust from entering the rotating pair. The rollers 22 are arranged along the length of the U-shaped frame 21. The edge of the conveyor belt is located below the rollers 22 and in contact with them. The outer surface of the rollers 22 has a spiral texture. The direction of the spiral texture is designed so that when the rollers 22 rotate, the spiral texture can push the material towards the center of the conveyor belt. The U-shaped frame 21 is located above the adjacent curved plate 24. The bottom of the U-shaped frame 21 has a discharge port 23. The position of the discharge port 23 corresponds to the position of the curved plate 24 and is used to discharge the material in the U-shaped frame 21 onto the curved plate 24.

[0050] Specifically, when the belt conveyor moves forward with the material, the material at the edge of the conveyor belt tends to overflow. The friction between the edge of the conveyor belt and the material drives the roller 22 to rotate. The spiral texture on the surface of the roller 22 acts on the material that is trying to overflow the edge during rotation, pushing the material back to the center of the conveyor belt. This structure changes the sliding friction between the material and the edge device to the rolling friction between the roller 22 and the material, reducing resistance and wear. At the same time, the rotation of the spiral texture achieves the effect of dynamically gathering the material. Some small materials may fall into the U-shaped frame 21 through the gap between two adjacent rollers 22. These materials accumulate on the U-shaped frame 21 and are discharged through the discharge port 23 at the bottom to the bent plate 24 below. The recycling and discharge mechanism sucks these materials from the bent plate 24, passes through the negative pressure cylinder 26 and the arc pipe 30, and sends them back to the belt conveyor for conveying again. In this way, the effective recycling of materials spilled at the edge is achieved, reducing material loss and on-site cleanup workload.

[0051] Through the synergistic effect of the first material distribution mechanism, the second material distribution mechanism, the recycling and discharge mechanism, and the edge anti-spillage device, the belt conveyor of the present invention can achieve material diversion, splitting, internal tumbling and flattening, and edge spillage recovery when conveying materials containing large hard objects or frozen lumps, so that the material is evenly distributed on the conveyor belt, improving the conveying efficiency and the processing effect of downstream equipment, while reducing equipment damage and material loss.

[0052] A method for controlling a belt conveyor for uniform material distribution includes the following steps: S1. After the material falls from the upstream equipment onto the conveyor belt of the belt conveyor, it moves forward with the conveyor belt. The first thing it passes through is the first material equalization mechanism installed on the gantry 2. Multiple first material equalization mechanisms are arranged in a V-shape inside the gantry 2, with the V-shaped opening facing the direction of the belt conveyor. When the normal bulk material reaches below the gantry 2, the multiple first material equalization mechanisms arranged in the V-shape act like multiple baffles to divert the material. The toothed structure of the comb 7 divides the accumulated material into multiple strands and guides them to both sides, so that the material is initially dispersed laterally. This V-shaped arrangement and the diversion effect of the comb 7 cause the material that was originally concentrated in the middle of the conveyor belt to the sides. The material is extended to form a relatively uniform flow. If the material contains large hard objects or frozen lumps formed in a low-temperature environment, these lumps will arrive at the gantry 2 along with the bulk material. When the large material comes into contact with the first material equalization mechanism, the tip of the wedge tooth 8 will contact the lump first. The wedge tooth 8 is fixed on one side of the comb tooth 7. Its shape is wedge-shaped, with the tip facing the direction of material coming from. The tip of the wedge tooth 8 cuts into the lump and uses the splitting effect of the wedge structure to decompose the large material into smaller pieces. This splitting effect follows the force texture of the material, allowing the large material to crack naturally instead of being forcibly squeezed and crushed, reducing the impact on the equipment and additional energy consumption. S2. When encountering a particularly hard and large frozen material block, the material block violently impacts the comb teeth 7 and wedge teeth 8. At this time, since the comb teeth 7 and wedge teeth 8 are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 5 via the swing arm 6, and the rotating shaft 5 is rotatably connected within the fixed seat 3, the impacted comb teeth 7 and wedge teeth 8 will rotate backward around the rotating shaft 5 to make way. This making way action causes the comb teeth 7 and wedge teeth 8 to swing backward, unloading the kinetic energy generated by the impact of the material block, avoiding the rigid impact force from directly acting on the conveyor belt, thereby protecting the conveyor belt from being scratched or torn. At the same time as the comb teeth 7 and wedge teeth 8 rotate backward, the rotation of the rotating shaft 5 twists the coiled spring 10 sleeved on the rotating shaft 5, causing the coiled spring 10 to... After the material block passes through, the external force on the comb teeth 7 and wedge teeth 8 disappears, and the coiled spring 10 releases the accumulated elastic potential energy, driving the rotating shaft 5 and the swing arm 6 to rotate in the opposite direction, causing the comb teeth 7 and wedge teeth 8 to spring back to their original position. When the swing arm 6 returns to the vertical position, the limiting block in the relief groove 4 limits the swing arm 6, so that the comb teeth 7 and wedge teeth 8 accurately return to the working position, waiting for the next material impact. The arc-shaped corrugated strip 11 sleeved on the outer wall of the swing arm 6 expands and contracts with the swing arm 6, always forming a seal on the relief groove 4, preventing external dust and materials from entering the interior of the fixed seat 3, protecting the rotating shaft 5 and the coiled spring 10 from contamination, and ensuring the long-term reliable operation of the first material equalization mechanism. S3. After being processed by the first material leveling mechanism, the material continues to move forward on the conveyor belt. At this time, the second material leveling mechanism begins to function. The second material leveling mechanism includes a rotating rod 12 that rotates through both frames 1. The rotating rod 12 is located below the conveyor belt. The drive motor 13 starts and drives the rotating rod 12 to rotate through the synchronous pulley and synchronous belt. Multiple idlers 14 are fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod 12. These idlers 14 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the rotating rod 12. The rotating rod 12 is located at a position off-center from the idlers 14, that is, the idlers 14 are eccentrically mounted on the rotating rod 12. When the rotating rod 12 rotates, the idlers 14 rotate eccentrically around the axis of the rotating rod 12. The distance between their outer edges and the axis of the rotating rod 12 changes periodically. The eccentric phase angles of two adjacent idlers 14 are staggered, so that the multiple idlers 14 alternately push against the conveyor belt during the rotation process. The different positions of the idler rollers 14; when the eccentric part of the idler roller 14 rotates to the top, the idler roller 14 pushes the bottom of the conveyor belt upward, causing the conveyor belt to bulge upward at that point; when the eccentric part rotates away, the conveyor belt falls back under its own weight and the gravity of the material. Due to the staggered eccentric phase angles of the multiple idler rollers 14, in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor belt, different idler rollers 14 alternately push, causing the conveyor belt to produce continuous undulations. This undulation physically forms a soft standing wave-like undulation that is interwoven laterally and longitudinally. The undulating motion of the conveyor belt is transmitted to the material on the conveyor belt, causing the material to tumble internally during its forward movement. During the tumbling process, small material particles gradually sink to the bottom under the action of gravity and extend to both sides of the conveyor belt; larger material particles are relatively concentrated in the middle area. Through the action of this purely mechanical structure, the material is naturally flattened from the inside out, and the distribution on the conveyor belt is more uniform. S4. An arc-shaped groove 15 is provided on one side of the idler roller 14. Multiple rubber wheels 16 are arranged in a ring and rotatably connected inside the arc-shaped groove 15. When the idler roller 14 contacts the bottom of the conveyor belt, rolling friction is formed between the rubber wheels 16 and the conveyor belt, rather than sliding friction. This rolling friction reduces the friction between the idler roller 14 and the bottom of the conveyor belt, reduces the wear and movement resistance of the conveyor belt, and makes the undulating movement of the conveyor belt smoother. S5. During the operation of the conveyor belt, some fine materials may fall from the edge of the conveyor belt. The recycling and discharge mechanism is used to collect these fallen materials and send them back to the conveyor belt. The top of the bent plate 24 extends into the conveyor belt and is located below the edge of the conveyor belt. When materials fall from the edge of the conveyor belt, the fallen materials fall onto the bent plate 24. The height of the two ends of the bent plate 24 is higher than the height of the middle. The fine materials falling onto the bent plate 24 gather towards the middle by gravity. When the rotating rod 12 rotates, the cam 39 fixedly sleeved on the rotating rod 12 rotates accordingly. The rotation of the cam 39 cooperates with the tension of the tension spring 36 to drive the piston plate 35 to move up and down reciprocally in the housing 32. When the cam 39 When the protruding part of the cam 39 pushes the top plate 38 down, the top plate 38 pushes the piston plate 35 down through the sliding rod 37, compressing the air below the piston plate 35. Since the air injection pipe 31 is equipped with a one-way valve 34, air is only allowed to flow from the housing 32 to the fixed ring II 27. Therefore, when the piston plate 35 moves down, the air in the housing 32 is forced into the air injection pipe 31 and then injected into the fixed ring II 27. After the protruding part of the cam 39 rotates, the tension of the tension spring 36 causes the piston plate 35 to move up and reset. At this time, a negative pressure is formed below the piston plate 35, and the one-way valve 34 in the air intake pipe 33 opens. Outside air is drawn into the housing 32 through the air intake pipe 33, preparing for the next compression. S6. Air injected into the fixed ring II 27 is injected at high speed into the negative pressure cylinder 26 through multiple inclined tubes 28. Due to the inclined arrangement of the inclined tubes 28, the discharged air forms a jet that flows away from the guide tube 25, i.e., towards the arc-shaped tube 30. According to the principles of fluid mechanics, the high-speed jet will entrain the surrounding air, forming a low-pressure zone in the jet area. Therefore, a negative pressure is formed on the side of the negative pressure cylinder 26 near the guide tube 25, i.e., the starting end of the jet. This negative pressure is transmitted to the bent plate 24 through the guide tube 25, drawing the material gathered on the bent plate 24 into the guide tube 25 and into the negative pressure cylinder 26; the material entering the negative pressure cylinder 26 is carried by... The airflow moves forward together. Multiple swirling guide plates 29 are fixed inside the negative pressure cylinder 26. The swirling guide plates 29 are located on the side of the inclined tube 28 away from the feed pipe 25. When the airflow carries the material through the swirling guide plates 29, the airflow and material generate a spiral flow under the guidance of the swirling guide plates 29. This spiral flow helps to maintain the suspension of the material and prevents the material from settling in the negative pressure cylinder 26. At the same time, it guides the material to rotate and move forward along the cylinder wall of the negative pressure cylinder 26. The material finally reaches the end of the negative pressure cylinder 26 away from the feed pipe 25 and is discharged through the arc-shaped pipe 30 connected to this end, falling back onto the conveyor belt of the belt conveyor to continue conveying. S7. An edge spill prevention device is also provided at the edge of the conveyor belt. By rotating the threaded rod 20, the F-shaped plate 19 can be driven to move laterally along the rectangular groove 17, thereby adjusting the distance between the U-shaped frame 21 and the edge of the conveyor belt. Multiple rollers 22 are rotatably connected inside the U-shaped frame 21. The edge of the conveyor belt contacts the rollers 22. The outer surface of the rollers 22 is provided with a spiral texture. The direction of the spiral texture is designed so that when the rollers 22 rotate, the spiral texture can push the material towards the center of the conveyor belt. When the belt conveyor moves forward with the material, the material at the edge of the conveyor belt tends to overflow outward. The friction between the edge of the conveyor belt and the material drives the rollers 22. As the rollers rotate, the spiral texture on their surface acts on the material that is trying to overflow the edge, pushing the material back towards the center of the conveyor belt. This structure changes the sliding friction between the material and the edge device to the rolling friction between the rollers 22 and the material, reducing resistance and wear. At the same time, the rotation of the spiral texture achieves the effect of dynamically gathering the material. Some small materials may fall into the U-shaped frame 21 through the gap between two adjacent rollers 22. These materials accumulate on the U-shaped frame 21 and are discharged through the discharge port 23 at the bottom onto the curved plate 24 below, where they are collected by the recycling discharge mechanism and sent back to the conveyor belt. S8. During the entire operation, the operator can set the operating parameters through the operation panel 41. The control center 40 controls the start, stop and speed adjustment of the belt conveyor and drive motor 13 according to the set parameters. By adjusting the speed of the drive motor 13, the speed of the rotating rod 12 can be changed, thereby adjusting the fluctuation frequency of the second material equalization mechanism on the conveyor belt to adapt to the material distribution requirements of different materials. The first material equalization mechanism, the second material equalization mechanism, the recycling and discharge mechanism and the edge anti-spillage device work together to make the material continuously diverted, split, tumbled and flattened during the conveying process. At the same time, the material falling off the edge is automatically recycled, and finally the material is evenly distributed on the conveyor belt.

[0053] When this device is working in a dusty environment, compressed air needs to be injected into the system regularly through the air inlet pipe 33 to clean the accumulated material on the pipes and the bend plate 24, and the exposed adjusting parts such as the threaded rod 20 need to be cleaned and lubricated regularly to ensure its long-term reliable operation under harsh conditions.

[0054] All electrical components are of mining-grade explosion-proof type, with an explosion-proof rating of not less than Ex dbⅠMb, conforming to GB / T 3836.30-2021 "Explosive Atmospheres - Part 30: Apparatus and Components for Explosive Atmospheres in Underground Mines".

[0055] However, as is well known to those skilled in the art, the working principles and wiring methods of the drive motor 13, control center 40 and operation panel 41 are all conventional means or common knowledge, and will not be described in detail here. Those skilled in the art can make any selections according to their needs or convenience.

[0056] The accompanying drawings in this application are for illustrative purposes only. The dimensions and shapes of the components shown are not actual limitations but are merely schematic representations. In actual implementation, the components can be reasonably configured and adjusted according to specific needs and actual conditions.

[0057] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A belt conveyor for uniform material distribution, characterized in that, include: Two frames (1), with the belt conveyor installed between the two frames (1); The gantry (2) is fixed to the top of the two frames (1); Multiple sets of first material equalization mechanisms are located inside the gantry (2). The multiple first material equalization mechanisms are arranged in a V-shape with the V-shaped opening facing the direction of the belt conveyor. They are used to disperse materials that have clumped at low temperatures and split large pieces of material. The first material equalization mechanism includes comb teeth (7) and wedge teeth (8) fixed on one side of the comb teeth (7). The comb teeth (7) are used to divert the conveyed material to both sides, and the wedge teeth (8) are used to split large pieces of material. The second material distribution mechanism is located between the two frames (1) and passes through the conveyor belt in the belt conveyor. It is used to make the conveyor belt undulate so as to distribute the material evenly. The second material distribution mechanism includes a rotating rod (12) that rotates through the two frames (1). as well as, Two sets of recycling and discharge mechanisms are used to collect materials that fall from the edge of the conveyor belt during the conveying process of the belt conveyor and to place the materials back on the conveyor belt. The recycling and discharge mechanism includes a bent plate (24) fixed to the frame (1) on the side near the belt conveyor. The top of the bent plate (24) extends into the conveyor belt to collect the fine fragments that fall from the conveyor belt.

2. The belt conveyor for uniform material distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first material equalization mechanism also includes a fixed seat (3) fixed to the inner wall of the top of the gantry frame (2). A rotating shaft (5) is rotatably connected inside the fixed seat (3). A swing arm (6) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (5). A clearance groove (4) for the swing arm (6) is provided at the bottom of the fixed seat (3). The bottom end of the swing arm (6) passes through the clearance groove (4) and is fixedly connected to the top end of the comb teeth (7). Two coiled springs (10) are sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (5). One end of each coiled spring (10) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft (5), and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed seat (3). A limiting block for limiting the swing arm (6) is fixed inside the clearance groove (4).

3. The belt conveyor for uniform material distribution according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second material distribution mechanism also includes a plurality of idler rollers (14) fixed on the outer wall of the rotating rod (12) for pushing the bottom of the conveyor belt. The rotating rod (12) is located at a position off-center from the idler rollers (14), and the eccentric phase angles of two adjacent idler rollers (14) are staggered.

4. The belt conveyor for uniform material distribution according to claim 3, characterized in that, The roller (14) has an arc-shaped groove (15) on the side away from the rotating rod (12), and multiple rubber wheels (16) are rotatably connected in a ring arrangement inside the arc-shaped groove (15).

5. A belt conveyor for uniform material distribution according to claim 4, characterized in that, The recycling and discharge mechanism also includes a negative pressure cylinder (26) that is fixedly connected through the frame (1). The top of the negative pressure cylinder (26) is fixedly connected to a guide pipe (25). The top end of the guide pipe (25) is fixedly connected through the bent plate (24). The height of the two ends of the bent plate (24) is higher than the middle height, which is used to gather the fine crushed material to the middle and discharge it to the negative pressure cylinder (26) through the guide pipe (25). The outer wall of the negative pressure cylinder (26) is fixedly fitted with a fixing ring II (27). A plurality of inclined pipes (28) are fixed on one side of the fixing ring II (27). The inclined pipes (28) are inclined and close to each other. One end of each pipe extends into the negative pressure cylinder (26) to inject air into the negative pressure cylinder (26) so that a negative pressure is formed in the negative pressure cylinder (26) to suck in the material. The end of the negative pressure cylinder (26) away from the guide pipe (25) is fixedly connected to an arc-shaped pipe (30) that extends to the top of the belt conveyor.

6. A belt conveyor for uniform material distribution according to claim 5, characterized in that, The recycling and discharge mechanism also includes a housing (32) fixed on the side of the frame (1) away from the belt conveyor. An air injection pipe (31) fixedly communicates with the fixed ring II (27) on one side of the housing (32). A piston plate (35) is slidably connected inside the housing (32). The top of the piston plate (35) is fixedly connected to the same top plate (38) by multiple sliding rods (37). Multiple tension springs (38) are fixedly connected between the top of the piston plate (35) and the inner top wall of the housing (32). 6); The outer wall of the rotating rod (12) is fixedly fitted with a cam (39) located above the top plate (38); When the rotating rod (12) rotates, it drives the cam (39) to rotate, and in conjunction with the tension spring (36), it drives the piston plate (35) to move back and forth, injecting the air in the box (32) into the fixed ring II (27) through the air injection pipe (31). An air inlet pipe (33) is fixed on one side of the box (32), and a one-way valve (34) is provided in both the air inlet pipe (33) and the air injection pipe (31).

7. A belt conveyor for uniform material distribution according to claim 6, characterized in that, One of the frames (1) is fixed with a drive motor (13) on one side. The output shaft of the drive motor (13) and one end of the rotating rod (12) are connected by a synchronous pulley and a synchronous belt to provide driving force for the rotation of the rotating rod (12).

8. A belt conveyor for uniform material distribution according to claim 7, characterized in that, Both frames (1) are provided with rectangular slots (17), both rectangular slots (17) are fixed with fixed plates (18), both rectangular slots (17) are slidably connected with F-shaped plates (19), both F-shaped plates (19) are fixed with U-shaped frames (21) at their close ends, both F-shaped plates (19) are provided with threaded rods (20), the threaded rods (20) are rotatably connected to the corresponding fixed plates (18) and threadedly connected to the F-shaped plates (19), used to drive the U-shaped frames (21) to move closer to or away from the conveyor belt; both U-shaped frames (21) are rotatably connected with multiple rollers (22) that contact the edge of the conveyor belt, and the bottom of the U-shaped frames (21) is provided with a discharge port (23) for discharging materials onto the curved plate (24).

9. A belt conveyor for uniform material distribution according to claim 8, characterized in that, One of the frames (1) is fixed with a control center (40) and an operation panel (41) electrically connected to the control center (40), the control center (40) being electrically connected to the belt conveyor and the drive motor (13).

10. A method for controlling a belt conveyor for uniform material distribution, applied to the belt conveyor for uniform material distribution as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After the material falls into the conveyor belt, it passes through the gantry (2). Multiple first material equalization mechanisms arranged in a V-shape with their openings facing the conveying direction are used to divide the material and guide it to both sides using comb teeth (7). Large pieces of material are split into small pieces using wedge teeth (8). When frozen material blocks impact the comb teeth (7) and the wedge teeth (8), the comb teeth (7) and the wedge teeth (8) rotate backward in the fixed seat (3) through the swing arm (6) and the rotating shaft (5) to make room. This causes the rotating shaft (5) to twist the coiled spring (10) to accumulate elastic potential energy. After the material blocks pass through, the coiled spring (10) releases its potential energy to drive the rotating shaft (5) and the swing arm (6) to rotate in the opposite direction, causing the comb teeth (7) and the wedge teeth (8) to reset. The limiting block in the clearance groove (4) limits the swing arm (6). The control drive motor (13) drives the rotating rod (12) to rotate through synchronous transmission. Multiple idlers (14) eccentrically mounted on the rotating rod (12) with adjacent phase angles staggered rotate eccentrically to alternately push the bottom of the conveyor belt, causing the conveyor belt to undulate and cause the material to roll in the fluctuation, allowing the fine material to sink to the bottom and extend to both sides. At the same time, the rubber wheel (16) rotatably connected in the arc groove (15) of the idler (14) forms rolling friction with the bottom of the conveyor belt. The curved plate (24) is used to collect the fallen material and make the material converge in the middle. At the same time, the rotating rod (12) drives the cam (39) to rotate. The cam (39) and the tension spring (36) work together to drive the piston plate (35) to move back and forth in the box (32). When the piston plate (35) moves down, air is injected into the fixed ring II (27) through the air injection pipe (31). When the piston plate (35) moves up, air is drawn in through the air intake pipe (33). The air in the fixed ring II (27) is injected into the negative pressure cylinder (26) through the inclined tube (28) to form a jet. A negative pressure is formed on the side of the negative pressure cylinder (26) near the guide pipe (25), which draws the material on the bent plate (24) into the guide pipe (25). After entering the negative pressure cylinder (26), the material is guided by the swirl guide plate (29) to generate a spiral flow, and falls back to the conveyor belt through the arc pipe (30). The F-shaped plate (19) is driven by the threaded rod (20) to move along the rectangular groove (17) to adjust the position of the U-shaped frame (21), so that the edge of the conveyor belt contacts the roller (22) and drives the roller (22) to rotate. The spiral texture of the roller (22) is used to push the material back to the center of the conveyor belt. The material falling into the U-shaped frame (21) is discharged into the curved plate (24) through the discharge port (23). The parameters are set by the operation panel (41), and the belt conveyor and the drive motor (13) are controlled by the control center (40). By adjusting the speed of the drive motor (13) to change the speed of the rotating rod (12), the first material equalization mechanism, the second material equalization mechanism, the recycling and discharge mechanism and the edge anti-spillage device work together to make the material evenly distributed.

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