A semi-automatic glass liquid casting forming device and forming method

Abstract

This application discloses a semi-automatic glass molten casting and forming device and method, belonging to the field of glass manufacturing technology. The device includes a forming cavity, a processing cavity, a control cavity, a high-frequency heating component, a crucible clamp component, a mold component, and a processing rack. Each cavity is arranged in a specific manner and mounted on a movable and liftable processing rack. The forming cavity, processing cavity, and mold tray are all equipped with independent temperature control devices. The forming cavity has a first lifting door, a partition door, a blistering window, a scraping device, and a high-frequency heating component. The crucible clamp component uses a toothed disc-toothed rail or a turntable-drive wire transmission, and the mold component is driven by a chain to achieve mold transfer. The method includes steps such as mold preheating, crucible clamping and transfer, blistering and impurity removal, tilting casting, scraping and cleaning, annealing, and crucible resetting. This application achieves precise control of casting parameters, improves the quality and process consistency of the molten sample, reduces labor intensity, extends the service life of the crucible, and is suitable for small-batch production and experimental verification scenarios in the laboratory.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of glass manufacturing technology, and specifically relates to a semi-automatic glass molten casting and forming device and forming method. Background Technology

[0002] Glass casting is a common forming method in small-batch glass production and laboratory experimental verification. Its core process involves weighing and mixing the glass raw materials and placing them into a platinum crucible. After melting in a high-temperature furnace, the crucible is moved to the casting position by a clamping device. After "skinning" the glass, the molten glass is poured into a mold, and finally the formed glass is placed in an annealing furnace to relieve stress.

[0003] However, existing technologies have several drawbacks: First, the physicochemical properties of different glass formulations vary significantly, yet similar casting processes are generally used, making it difficult to form some special glass formulations (such as short-stretch, high-viscosity fused silica glass), or causing quality problems such as cracking, streaks, and fissures after forming. Second, during manual casting, key operations such as crucible movement and glass melt pouring speed rely on operator experience, resulting in high labor intensity and poor process consistency, with significant differences in melt quality between different personnel and different batches. Third, casting is mostly carried out at room temperature, with a large temperature difference between the molten glass and the environment, which not only affects the flow and forming stability of the molten glass but may also cause deformation and damage to the crucible and insulation materials due to thermal shock, shortening their service life. Fourth, for high-viscosity molten glass, it is difficult to accurately control the flow rate and direction during manual pouring, and glass melt residue is easily left on the inner wall of the crucible, causing raw material waste and affecting the purity of subsequent castings. Fifth, parameters such as mold preheating temperature and annealing timing cannot be precisely coordinated with the casting process, further exacerbating the instability of forming quality.

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical challenges, there is an urgent need for a semi-automatic casting and molding device and corresponding molding method that can precisely control casting parameters, adapt to different glass formulations, and reduce reliance on manual labor. This would narrow the gap between laboratory verification and actual production environments, and improve the quality of melt samples and production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a semi-automatic glass molten casting and forming device and method. This addresses the problems mentioned in the background art, such as achieving precise control of casting parameters, adapting to different glass formulations, reducing reliance on manual labor, and resolving issues in the prior art such as unstable forming quality, high labor intensity, raw material waste, and short crucible life.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: In one aspect, a semi-automatic glass melt casting and forming device is provided, including a forming cavity, a processing cavity, a control cavity, a high-frequency heating component, a crucible clamp component, a mold component, and a processing rack; The control cavity and the processing cavity are arranged vertically, and both are arranged horizontally with the forming cavity; the forming cavity, processing cavity, control cavity, crucible clamp assembly and mold assembly together constitute the main components of the casting device, and are all installed on the processing frame; The molding cavity, processing cavity, and mold tray in the mold assembly are all equipped with independent temperature testing and control devices to achieve separate automatic temperature control of each area; One end of the forming cavity is provided with a first lifting door that can move up and down, and a partition door that can move left and right is provided between the forming cavity and the processing cavity. A window for "skinning" and removing impurities from the molten glass is opened at the top of the forming cavity. The bottom of the molding cavity is equipped with a scraping device, and the top of the molding cavity is equipped with a high-frequency heating component.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the base of the processing rack is equipped with wheels, allowing it to move on the bottom surface or on a track; The uprights of the processing rack are equipped with hydraulic devices or lead screws for driving the overall lifting and lowering of the device. The molding cavity is provided with first guide rails on both sides. The crucible clamp assembly is installed on the first guide rails and can move telescopically along the first guide rails, and can drive the clamped crucible to rise and detach from the high-temperature furnace base.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the crucible clamp assembly includes crucible clamp jaws, a transmission structure, a push rod, a push rod driver, and a jaw drive component; The transmission structure is a toothed disc and toothed rail mating structure or a turntable and drive steel wire mating structure, used to drive the crucible clamps to tilt and flip the crucible. The push rod is provided with teeth, and the push rod driver drives the push rod to extend and retract through gears, so that the crucible clamp assembly can extend or retract into the forming cavity; The jaw drive is a cylinder or hydraulic cylinder, which controls the clamping and releasing of the crucible jaws through a first steel wire and a second steel wire.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the scraping device includes a scraping arm and a semi-circular scraper installed at one end of the scraping arm, and the scraping device is driven by a wire drive or an electromagnetic drive. When the crucible is tilted so that the mouth of the crucible faces downward and the line connecting the center of the crucible coincides with the extension line of the scraper arm, the semi-circular scraper can be inserted into the crucible to scrape out the remaining molten glass. The bottom of the forming cavity is equipped with a small high-frequency heating furnace or a rapid cooling device for cleaning residual glass from the semi-circular scraper.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the high-frequency heating component is a high-frequency induction heating device; When the crucible is clamped and tilted to pour molten glass, the high-frequency induction heating device is configured to approach and act on the bottom and side wall areas of the platinum crucible. By generating eddy currents in this area through electromagnetic induction, the crucible wall is heated, thereby reducing the viscosity of the molten glass in contact with it and promoting the smooth flow of the molten glass.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the mold assembly includes a mold, a mold tray, a second guide rail, a chain, a chain drive, and a lifting cylinder / lead screw; The mold tray is equipped with a silicon carbide heating plate and a temperature sensor, and the mold tray has a wedge-shaped structure. The chain includes a first chain and a second chain, the second guide rail includes a third guide rail and a fourth guide rail, a first push rod and a second push rod are mounted on the chain, and the first push rod is connected to the first chain and the second push rod is connected to the second chain; The second guide rail is provided with a first positioning block, a second positioning block and a third positioning block, and the first push rod and the second push rod can push the mold tray and the mold to move between the molding cavity and the processing cavity; The second guide rail is provided with a retractable extension section that can extend into the external annealing furnace and fit against the bottom surface of the furnace chamber.

[0012] Secondly, an automated glass melt casting method based on the first aspect is provided, comprising the following steps: S1: The mold is preheated to the required process temperature by the temperature control device of the processing cavity, and the molding cavity is heated to the preset casting temperature at the same time; S2: Move and raise the processing rack so that the first lifting door of the molding cavity is aligned with the high-temperature furnace opening, and open the first lifting door; S3: Control the crucible clamp assembly to open and extend into the high-temperature furnace, clamp the crucible containing molten glass, and then drive the crucible to rise and retract into the forming cavity; S4: Move the crucible to the window and complete the peeling and impurity removal operation through the window; S5: Control the crucible to move above the mold, and tilt the crucible through the transmission structure to pour the molten glass into the mold; during the tilting process, the high-frequency heating component is activated to reduce the viscosity of the molten glass in contact with the crucible wall; S6: When the crucible is tilted to an angle of -60° with the center line of the bottom surface of the forming cavity, start the scraping device to scrape out the remaining glass liquid in the crucible; S7: After the glass melt is poured, control the mold and glass sample to move to the processing chamber or external annealing furnace for annealing treatment; S8: Control the crucible to return to the bottom of the window, add new mixed raw materials, send the crucible back into the high-temperature furnace, retract the crucible clamp assembly, close the first lifting door, and cool the molding cavity.

[0013] In one possible implementation, in step S3, the crucible clamp assembly drives the push rod to extend or retract into the high-temperature furnace via a push rod driver, thereby extending or retracting into the forming cavity. The clamping and releasing of the crucible clamps are achieved by controlling the tension of the first and second steel wires using a cylinder or hydraulic cylinder.

[0014] In one possible implementation, in step S5, the tilting of the crucible is achieved by the relative motion of the toothed disc and the toothed rail meshing or by the traction motion of the turntable and the drive wire. In step S6, the scraping device controls the rotation and extension of the scraping arm by alternating tension of the third and fourth steel wires or by the attraction and repulsion of the electromagnet.

[0015] In one possible implementation, in step S7, the movement of the mold is achieved by driving the first push rod and the second push rod through the first chain and the second chain; If the mold is to be moved into an external annealing furnace, the retractable extension of the second guide rail must first be inserted into the furnace and placed against the bottom surface of the furnace chamber. Then, the mold is separated from the mold tray by the first push rod and sent into the external annealing furnace.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects: This application provides a semi-automatic glass casting and forming device. By setting up independent forming chambers, preheating / annealing chambers, and mold tray temperature control systems, it achieves precise and independent control of the casting environment, mold preheating, and product annealing temperature. This effectively reduces the temperature difference between the molten glass and the forming environment, simulating a stable thermal field closer to actual production, thereby significantly reducing glass cracking, internal streaks, and stress defects caused by sudden temperature changes or fluctuations, ensuring high quality and high consistency across different batches of products.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the device integrates an automatically extendable, clamping, tilting / flipping crucible clamp assembly, as well as a chain guide system for automatically transferring the mold. Core steps in the casting process, such as crucible removal, transfer, positioning, pouring, scraping, and mold transfer, can all be completed automatically according to a preset program, replacing the traditional, entirely manual handling and pouring operations. This not only greatly reduces the labor intensity and skill dependence of operators but also eliminates inconsistencies in speed and angle during manual operations, allowing for precise reproduction of process parameters.

[0018] In one possible implementation, a compact layout is adopted, with the control chamber and processing chamber arranged vertically and the forming chamber arranged horizontally, and the entire unit is mounted on a wheeled, liftable bracket. This allows the device to be moved flexibly and docked with high-temperature furnaces and annealing furnaces in different locations. Simultaneously, multiple crucible pouring drive methods are provided, including toothed disc-toothed rail, turntable-wire, and overall tilting, as well as scraping device options with different structures. Users can choose the most suitable embodiment based on the specific space and process requirements of their laboratory or workshop, offering high flexibility.

[0019] An automated glass casting method achieves a high degree of standardization and automation in the glass casting process by controlling the entire process from preheating, crucible removal, casting, scraping, and annealing. It independently and precisely preheats the mold and forming cavity, and combines this with high-frequency auxiliary heating during casting to create a stable and controllable thermal environment for the molten glass, effectively reducing thermal stress and defects, and significantly improving product consistency and yield. The method completely replaces traditional manual handling and dumping, which are heavy-duty and high-risk operations, with automated mechanical operation. This not only significantly reduces labor intensity and safety risks, but also ensures the integrity of casting high-viscosity or short-flow-rate molten glass through the synergy of forced scraping and auxiliary heating, improving raw material utilization. The entire process forms a highly efficient closed loop with close connections between each stage, making it particularly suitable for laboratory research and development and small-batch continuous production with stringent requirements for process consistency. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 A front sectional view of a semi-automatic glass melt casting and molding device provided in this application; Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of an embodiment 1 of a crucible tong provided in this application; Figure 3 A top view schematic diagram of an embodiment 1 of a crucible tong provided in this application; Figure 4 A top view schematic diagram of a crucible tong embodiment 2 provided in this application; Figure 5 A top view schematic diagram of an embodiment 3 of a crucible tong provided in this application; Figure 6 This application provides a crucible tong push rod with one end driven by a steel wire; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a mechanism for replacing a toothed disc with a turntable and controlling the rotation of the turntable with a steel wire, provided in this application; Figure 8 This application provides a front view schematic diagram of a mold, a mold tray, and a motion control unit; Figure 9 A top view of the bottom surface of a semi-automatic glass melt casting and molding device provided in this application; Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of a scraping device provided in this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of embodiment 3 of a scraping device provided in this application.

[0021] Figure reference numerals: 1. Molding cavity; 2. Processing cavity; 3. Processing rack; 4. Control cavity; 5. Scraping device; 11. Crucible clamp assembly; 13. High-frequency heating assembly; 14. First lifting door; 15. Second lifting door; 16. Window; 17. Partition door; 21. Mold; 22. Mold tray; 30a. First lower guide rail; 30b. Second lower guide rail; 32. Chain drive component; 33. Chain; 33a. First chain; 33b. Second chain; 34a. First upper guide rail; 34 b. Second upper guide rail; 35a. First positioning block; 35b. Second positioning block; 36a. First push rod; 36b. Second push rod; 37. Third positioning block; 38. Lifting cylinder; 38a. First lifting cylinder; 38b. Second lifting cylinder; 39. Stepper motor; 104a. First guide rail; 104b. Second guide rail; 110a. First crucible gripper; 110b. Second crucible gripper; 111a. First toothed plate; 111b. Second toothed plate; 112a. First gripper arm; 112b, Second clamp arm; 113a, First support rod; 113b, Second support rod; 114a, First connecting rod; 114b, Second connecting rod; 115, First jaw tightening wire; 116, First jaw opening wire; 117, Push rod; 118a, First tooth rail; 118b, Second tooth rail; 119a, First turntable drive wire; 119b, Second turntable drive wire; 402, First push rod driver; 403, First wire tensioning cylinder; 404, Slide... 405. Wheel; 406. First rotary drive motor; 507. Second scraper drive cylinder; 508. First semi-circular scraper; 509. First permanent magnet; 5000. Second electromagnet; 501. First electromagnet; 502. Third electromagnet; 503. Second permanent magnet; 510. Second jaw tightening wire; 512. Second jaw opening wire; 523. Second connector; 524. First sliding rod; 525. First connector; 527. Third connector; 530. First scraper drive device. Detailed Implementation

[0022] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0023] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0024] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined. The specific embodiments of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0028] like Figures 1-11 As shown, this application discloses a semi-automatic glass liquid casting and molding device.

[0029] Example 1: No scraper device + crucible tilting casting Device technical features configuration: Core cavity and layout: The forming cavity 1, the processing cavity 2, and the control cavity 4 are arranged vertically from the control cavity 4 to the processing cavity 2, and the two cavities and the forming cavity 1 are arranged horizontally; the three cavities, together with the crucible clamp assembly 11 and the mold assembly 21, are installed on the processing frame 3.

[0030] The molding cavity 1 has dimensions of 700mm×500mm×450mm, and the processing cavity 2 has an effective volume of 500mm×400mm×400mm. Both are equipped with a first temperature testing device and a first temperature control device, with a temperature control accuracy of ±5℃. The mold 21 tray has a built-in silicon carbide heating plate, equipped with a second temperature testing device and a second temperature control device, with a temperature control range of 300-800℃.

[0031] Support and moving mechanism: The support base is equipped with 4 casters with brakes, which can move on the ground or on the track; the column is equipped with a first hydraulic lifting device with a lifting stroke of 0-250mm and a positioning accuracy of ±3mm; the molding cavity 1 is provided with a first lifting door 14 and a second lifting door 15 at both ends, which can be opened by moving downward and closed by moving upward; a partition door 17 is provided between the molding cavity 1 and the processing cavity 2.

[0032] Crucible clamp assembly 11 includes a first crucible clamp jaw 110a, a second crucible clamp jaw 110b, a first jaw plate 111a, a second jaw plate 111b, a first clamp arm 112a, a second clamp arm 112b, a first support rod 113a, a second support rod 113b, a first connecting rod 114a, a second connecting rod 114b, a push rod 117, a first jaw tightening wire 115, a first jaw opening wire 116, a first push rod 117 driver, and a first wire tensioning cylinder 403. Weights are added to the lower sides of the first jaw 111a and the second jaw 111b to ensure that the two jaws are vertically symmetrical. The first guide rail 104a and the second guide rail 104b are provided on both sides of the forming cavity 1. The crucible clamp can extend and retract along the two guide rails and can hold the crucible and lift it off the base. The push rod 117 has teeth. The first push rod 117 driver drives its extension and retraction through gears. The first wire tension cylinder 403 controls the first jaw to tighten the wire 115 and the first jaw to open the wire 116, thereby realizing the opening and closing of the jaws.

[0033] High-frequency heating component 13: A high-frequency heating component 13 is installed on the top of the molding cavity 1. The input power is 35KW, the frequency is 30-80KHz, and the cooling water parameters are 0.2MPa and 6L / min. The inner diameter of the coil is adapted to a Φ100mm platinum crucible and is used to heat the bottom and side walls of the crucible when it is turned over.

[0034] Mold 21 assembly and transfer mechanism: Mold 21 is made of graphite, and the tray of mold 21 has a flat structure; the transfer mechanism includes a first upper guide rail 34a, a second upper guide rail 34b, a first chain 33a, a second chain 33b, a chain drive component 32, a first lifting cylinder 38a, a second lifting cylinder 38b, a first lower guide rail 30a, and a second lower guide rail 30b; the first chain 33a and the second chain 33b are respectively provided with a first push rod 36a and a second push rod 36b, and the first upper guide rail 34a and the second upper guide rail 34b are respectively provided with a first positioning block 35a, a second positioning block 35b, and a third positioning block 37 at both ends, and the transfer of mold 21 between the molding cavity 1 and the processing cavity 2 is realized by chain drive.

[0035] Casting and molding steps: The processing chamber 2 preheats the mold 21 to 500°C using its own first temperature control device. The first chain 33a and the second chain 33b drive the first push rod 36a and the second push rod 36b to move the mold 21 to the designated position in the forming chamber 1. The forming chamber 1 is heated to 750°C using its own first temperature control device and kept at that temperature for 20 minutes.

[0036] Move and raise the support frame so that the first lifting door 14 of the molding cavity 1 is connected with the high temperature furnace opening, and control the first lifting door 14 to move downward and open.

[0037] The first wire tension cylinder 403 resets, the first jaw opening wire 116 tightens, the first jaw tightening wire 115 loosens, and the first crucible jaw claws 110a and 110b open; the first push rod 117 drives the driver to rotate forward, driving the crucible clamp to extend into the high-temperature furnace along the first guide rail 104a and the second guide rail 104b to clamp the platinum crucible containing molten glass; the first wire tension cylinder 403 extends, the first jaw tightening wire 115 tightens, and the two jaws clamp the crucible.

[0038] The first hydraulic lifting device of the support column is activated, causing the crucible to rise 40mm and detach from the high-temperature furnace base; the first push rod 117 driver rotates in the opposite direction, retracting the crucible back into the molding cavity 1, and controlling the first lifting door 14 to move upward and close.

[0039] The crucible is moved to window 16 and paused. The platinum cap is removed manually, and the "skinning" and impurity removal operation is completed through window 16.

[0040] The first push rod 117 driver continues to rotate in the opposite direction, moving the crucible above the mold 21; the first rotary drive motor 405 rotates, driving the push rod 117 and the crucible clamp to rotate, causing the crucible to tilt until it flips over, and the molten glass flows into the mold 21 to form.

[0041] Activate the high-frequency heating component 13 to generate vortex heating at the bottom and side walls of the platinum pot, reduce the viscosity of the molten glass and allow it to flow out quickly, emptying the molten glass from the crucible.

[0042] The high-frequency heating component 13 is turned off, the first rotary drive motor 405 rotates in the opposite direction, and the crucible is reset to open upward; the first chain 33a and the second chain 33b move clockwise, the first push rod 36a and the second push rod 36b push the mold 21 tray and the mold 21 into the processing chamber 2, control the partition door 17 to move to the left and close, and anneal according to the preset curve.

[0043] The first push rod 117 drives the clockwise rotation, and the crucible moves to below the window 16. The manual adds the well-mixed glass raw materials through the window 16 and then closes the crucible lid.

[0044] The first push rod 117 drives the crucible clamp to extend into the high-temperature furnace and place the crucible in the predetermined position; the first hydraulic lifting device of the support descends, the first wire tensioning cylinder 403 is activated, the first clamp tightening wire 115 is relaxed, the first clamp opening wire 116 is tightened, the crucible clamp opens and retracts to the forming cavity 1; the forming cavity 1 is cooled to room temperature at 100℃ / h, completing one cycle.

[0045] Example 2: Bottom scraping device 5 of molding cavity 1 + toothed disc-tooth rail transmission The core cavity, support, high-frequency heating component 13, and mold 21 are the same as in Example 1, with the addition of a scraping device 5 at the bottom of the molding cavity 1.

[0046] Scraping device 5: Installed on the bottom surface of the forming cavity 1, with an angle of -60° to the center line of the bottom surface of the forming cavity 1; includes a first scraping arm, a first semi-circular scraper 501 at one end, and a first scraping drive device 530 installed outside the forming cavity 1; a first small high-frequency heating furnace is provided at the bottom of the forming cavity 1 to melt off the residual glass on the scraper; the scraping device 5 can be retracted to below the bottom of the forming cavity 1.

[0047] Crucible clamp assembly 11 includes a first crucible clamp jaw 110a, a second crucible clamp jaw 110b, a first jaw plate 111a, a second jaw plate 111b, a first clamp arm 112a, a second clamp arm 112b, a first support rod 113a, a second support rod 113b, a first connecting rod 114a, a second connecting rod 114b, a push rod 117, a first jaw tightening wire 115, a first jaw opening wire 116, a first push rod 117 driver, and a first... The steel wire tensioning cylinder 403 and the first tooth rail 118a and the second tooth rail 118b are installed on the side wall of the forming cavity 1, parallel to the first guide rail 104a and the second guide rail 104b. The first tooth plate 111a and the second tooth plate 111b are respectively engaged with the first tooth rail 118a and the second tooth rail 118b for transmission. The rotation of the tooth plate causes the crucible to tilt, replacing the rotary drive method of the push rod 117 in Embodiment 1.

[0048] The first five steps are the same as in Example 1. In the sixth step, the first push rod 117 driver continues to rotate in the opposite direction, the crucible reaches above the mold 21, the first toothed disc 111a meshes with the first toothed rail 118a, the second toothed disc 111b meshes with the second toothed rail 118b and moves relative to each other, the toothed discs rotate and cause the crucible to tilt, and the molten glass slowly flows into the mold 21.

[0049] Step 7: When the crucible is tilted to an angle of -60° with the center line of the bottom surface of the forming cavity 1, and the center line coincides with the extension line of the first scraper arm, the first push rod 117 driver stops rotating and the toothed disc stops moving.

[0050] Step 8: Start the first scraper drive device 530, rotate the first scraper arm so that the arc surface of the first semi-circular scraper 501 faces upward and extends into the bottom of the crucible, then rotate the first scraper arm in the opposite direction so that the arc surface of the scraper cuts into the molten glass and scrapes out the remaining molten glass to the mold 21.

[0051] Step 9: Start the high-frequency heating component 13 to heat the residual molten glass on the crucible wall and let it flow out; the scraper device 5 retracts to the bottom of the forming cavity 1 and starts the first small high-frequency heating furnace to melt the residual glass on the scraper.

[0052] Step 10: The high-frequency heating component 13 is turned off, the first push rod 117 driver rotates forward, the crucible tong push rod 117 moves towards the high-temperature furnace, the first toothed plate 111a and the second toothed plate 111b move in the opposite direction relative to the first toothed rail 118a and the second toothed rail 118b, driving the crucible to reset to the opening facing upward, and the toothed plate disengages from the toothed rail.

[0053] In the eleventh step, the first chain 33a and the second chain 33b move clockwise, the first push rod 36a and the second push rod 36b push the mold 21 tray and the mold 21 into the processing chamber 2, close the partition door 17, and anneal according to the preset curve.

[0054] In the twelfth step, the first push rod 117 is driven to rotate forward, and the crucible is moved to the bottom of the window 16. The mixed glass raw materials are added manually through the window 16, and the crucible lid is closed.

[0055] In the thirteenth step, the first push rod 117 driver drives the crucible clamp to extend into the high-temperature furnace and place the crucible in the predetermined position; the first hydraulic lifting device of the support descends, the first wire tensioning cylinder 403 is activated, the first clamp tightening wire 115 is relaxed, the first clamp opening wire 116 is tightened, and the crucible clamp opens and retracts into the forming cavity 1.

[0056] Step 14: Cool the molding cavity 1 to room temperature at a rate of 100℃ / h to complete one cycle.

[0057] Example 3: Compact crucible clamp + bottom scraper 5 The core cavity, support, high-frequency heating component 13, mold component 21, and scraping device 5 are the same as in Example 2.

[0058] The crucible clamp assembly 11 includes a first crucible clamp jaw 110a, a second crucible clamp jaw 110b, a first toothed disc 111a, a second toothed disc 111b, a first compact clamp arm, a second compact clamp arm, a first support rod 113a, a second support rod 113b, a first connecting rod 114a, a second connecting rod 114b, a push rod 117, a first jaw tightening wire 115, a first jaw opening wire 116, a first push rod 117 driver, a first wire tensioning cylinder 403, and a first toothed rail 118a and a second toothed rail 118b.

[0059] The difference from Embodiment 2 is that the connection between the first jaw tightening wire 115 and the first compact clamp arm and the second compact clamp arm is optimized, increasing the activity space around the crucible claw and shortening the overall length of the crucible clamp; the clamping force is increased by increasing the thickness of the clamp arm, ensuring stable clamping of crucibles with a diameter of 80-120mm.

[0060] Casting and molding steps Completely consistent with Example 2, except that during the extension and retraction of the crucible clamp along the first guide rail 104a and the second guide rail 104b, the length of the first compact clamp arm and the second compact clamp arm are shortened, the travel distance is reduced, and the single cycle time is shortened, making it particularly suitable for laboratory scenarios with limited space.

[0061] Example 4: Crucible clamp underside scraping device 5 Device technical features configuration: The core cavity, support, high-frequency heating component 13, and mold 21 are the same as those in Example 1.

[0062] The crucible clamp assembly 11 includes a first crucible clamp jaw 110a, a second crucible clamp jaw 110b, a first toothed disc 111a, a second toothed disc 111b, a first reinforced clamp arm, a second reinforced clamp arm, a first support rod 113a, a second support rod 113b, a first connecting rod 114a, a second connecting rod 114b, a push rod 117, a first jaw tightening wire 115, a first jaw opening wire 116, a first push rod 117 driver, and a first wire tensioning cylinder 403; the clamping force is increased compared to Embodiment 2.

[0063] The second scraping device 5 is fixedly installed below the crucible clamp via the first connecting member 525. The first scraping arm forms an angle of -60° with the center line of the crucible clamp. It includes a first scraping arm, a first semi-circular scraper 501, a second clamp tightening wire 510, a second clamp opening wire 512, a second scraping drive cylinder 406, a first sliding rod 524, a second connecting member 523, and a third connecting member 527. The second clamp tightening wire 510 and the second clamp opening wire 512 pass through the crucible clamp push rod 117 and are controlled by the second scraping drive cylinder 406 at the end of the push rod 117. The first semi-circular scraper 501 is fixedly connected to the first scraping arm. The second clamp tightening wire 510 and the second clamp opening wire 512 are respectively fixed to the upper and lower edges of the first scraping arm. The first sliding rod 524 is fixedly connected to the first scraping arm and the first semi-circular scraper 501 and can reciprocate along the first connecting member 525.

[0064] Casting and molding steps: The first five steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0065] In the sixth step, after the crucible reaches above the mold 21, the first toothed plate 111a engages with the first toothed rail 118a and the second toothed plate 111b engages with the second toothed rail 118b, driving the crucible to tilt to -60°, and the first push rod 117 driver stops operating.

[0066] Step 7: Start the second scraper drive cylinder 406 to rotate in the forward direction. The second jaw tightening wire 510 is tightened, and the second jaw opening wire 512 is relaxed. The first scraper arm rotates so that the arc surface of the first semi-circular scraper 501 faces upward, further tightening the second jaw tightening wire 510. The first sliding rod 524 drives the first scraper arm to slide towards the crucible, and the scraper extends into the bottom of the crucible.

[0067] In the eighth step, the second scraper drive cylinder 406 rotates in the opposite direction, the second jaw opening wire 512 is tightened, the second jaw tightening wire 510 is relaxed, the first scraper arm rotates so that the arc surface of the first semi-circular scraper 501 faces downward, further tightening the second jaw opening wire 512, and the scraper moves towards the crucible mouth to scrape out the remaining glass liquid.

[0068] Step 9: Activate the high-frequency heating component 13 to heat the crucible wall and clean the residual molten glass; reset the second scraping device 5, and restore the initial state of the second jaw tightening wire 510 and the second jaw opening wire 512.

[0069] The subsequent steps are the same as steps 10 to 14 of Example 2.

[0070] Example 5: Electromagnetic Driven Scraper 5 Device technical features configuration: The core cavity, support, high-frequency heating component 13, mold component 21, and crucible clamp component 11 are the same as in Example 4.

[0071] The third scraping device 5: replaces the wire drive in embodiment 4 with an electromagnetic drive structure; it includes a first scraping arm, a first semi-circular scraper 501, a first permanent magnet 503, a second permanent magnet 507, a first electromagnet 505, and a first slide rod; the first permanent magnet 503 and the second permanent magnet 507 are fixed at both ends of the first scraping arm, and the first scraping arm is fixed on the first slide rod, and can slide and rotate along the first electromagnet 505; the first electromagnet 505 is installed below the crucible clamp, and by connecting positive / negative current, it generates attraction and repulsion forces with the first permanent magnet 503 and the second permanent magnet 507, driving the first scraping arm to move.

[0072] Casting and molding steps The first six steps are the same as in Example 4.

[0073] Step 7: A positive current is applied to the first electromagnet 505, generating an attractive force with the second permanent magnet 507 and a repulsive force with the first permanent magnet 503. The second jaw opening wire 512 is tightened, and the second jaw tightening wire 510 is relaxed. The first scraper arm rotates so that the arc surface of the first semi-circular scraper 501 faces upward. At the same time, the first sliding rod drives the first scraper arm to extend into the bottom of the crucible. Step 8: The current direction of the first electromagnet 505 is switched, generating an attractive force with the first permanent magnet 503 and a repulsive force with the second permanent magnet 507. The second jaw tightening wire 510 is tightened, and the second jaw opening wire 512 is relaxed. The first scraper arm rotates so that the arc surface of the first semi-circular scraper 501 faces downward, scraping out the remaining molten glass.

[0074] The subsequent steps are the same as in Example 4; this example is applicable to scenarios without deep crucibles, avoiding interference from multiple rotations of the scraper arm.

[0075] Example 6: Dual Electromagnetic Auxiliary Scraping Device 5 Device technical features configuration: The core cavity, support, high-frequency heating component 13, mold component 21, and crucible clamp component 11 are the same as in Example 5.

[0076] Fourth scraping device 5: A second electromagnet 504 and a third electromagnet 506 are added to both sides of the first electromagnet 505 in embodiment 5, with the same magnetic direction as the first electromagnet 505; the second electromagnet 504 is welded to the second jaw opening wire 512, and the third electromagnet 506 is fixed to the first connector 525; the rest of the structure is the same as in embodiment 5.

[0077] Casting and molding steps The first six steps are the same as in Example 5.

[0078] Step 7: The first electromagnet 505 and the second electromagnets 504 and the third electromagnet 506 on both sides are connected to a positive current. The second electromagnet 504 repels the first permanent magnet 503; the third electromagnet 506 attracts the second permanent magnet 507; the second jaw tightens the steel wire 510 part and wraps it to the first scraper arm; the first electromagnet 505 attracts the second permanent magnet 507; and the first semi-circular scraper 501 extends into the bottom of the crucible.

[0079] Step 8: Switch the current direction. The first electromagnet 505, the second electromagnet 504, and the third electromagnet 506 reverse their magnetic properties. The first semi-circular scraper 501 rotates 180° and is pulled out to scrape off the remaining molten glass.

[0080] The subsequent steps are the same as in Example 5; this example improves the stability and stroke accuracy of the scraper arm movement by using dual electromagnets, and the scraping efficiency is improved compared to Example 5.

[0081] Example 7: Turntable-Wire Driven Crucible Clamping Device technical features configuration: The core cavity, support, high-frequency heating component 13, mold component 21, and scraping device 5 (using the bottom scraping device 5 of embodiment 2) are the same as in embodiment 2.

[0082] Rotary crucible clamp assembly 11 includes a first crucible clamp jaw 110a, a second crucible clamp jaw 110b, a first turntable, a second turntable, a first clamp arm 112a, a second clamp arm 112b, a first support rod 113a, a second support rod 113b, a first connecting rod 114a, a second connecting rod 114b, a push rod 117, a first jaw tightening wire 115, a first jaw opening wire 116, a first push rod 117 driver, a first wire tensioning cylinder 403, a first turntable drive wire 119a, and a second turntable drive wire 119b. The toothed disc is replaced with the first and second turntables, and the toothed rail is removed. The first turntable drive wire 119a and the second turntable drive wire 119b are wound in opposite directions on the corresponding turntables. The end of the push rod 117 is provided with a second push rod 117 driver. By tightening / releasing the drive wire, the turntable is rotated, thereby driving the crucible to tilt and flip.

[0083] Casting and molding steps The first five steps are the same as in Example 2.

[0084] Step 6: After the crucible reaches above the mold 21, activate the second push rod 117 driver at the end of the push rod 117 to tighten the first turntable drive wire 119a and loosen the second turntable drive wire 119b. The first and second turntables rotate, causing the crucible to tilt and the molten glass to flow into the mold 21. Subsequent steps are the same as in Example 2. This example uses wire transmission instead of gear meshing, reducing gear wear under high-temperature conditions, lowering maintenance costs, and allowing for more flexible adjustment of the turntable rotation angle to adapt to different pouring speed requirements.

[0085] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them; although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions for some or all of the technical features, do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A semi-automatic glass molten casting and molding device, characterized in that, It includes a molding cavity (1), a processing cavity (2), a control cavity (4), a high-frequency heating assembly (13), a crucible clamp assembly (11), a mold assembly, and a processing rack (3); The control cavity (4) and the processing cavity (2) are arranged vertically and horizontally with the forming cavity (1); the forming cavity (1), the processing cavity (2), the control cavity (4), the crucible clamp assembly (11) and the mold assembly together constitute the main components of the casting device, and are all installed on the processing frame (3); The mold tray (22) in the molding cavity (1), processing cavity (2) and mold (21) assembly is equipped with an independent temperature testing and control device to realize automatic temperature control of each area; One end of the forming cavity (1) is provided with a first lifting door (14) that can move up and down, and a partition door (17) that can move left and right is provided between the forming cavity (1) and the processing cavity (2). A window (16) for "skinning" and removing impurities from the glass liquid is provided at the top of the forming cavity (1). The bottom of the molding cavity (1) is provided with a scraping device (5), and the top of the molding cavity (1) is equipped with a high-frequency heating component (13).

2. The semi-automatic glass melt casting and forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base of the processing rack (3) is equipped with wheels, allowing it to move on the bottom surface or on a track; The column of the processing frame (3) is equipped with a hydraulic device or screw for driving the overall lifting of the device. The molding cavity (1) is provided with first guide rails (104a) on both sides. The crucible clamp assembly (11) is installed on the first guide rail (104a) and can move along the first guide rail (104a) to extend and retract, and can drive the clamped crucible to rise and detach from the high temperature furnace base.

3. The semi-automatic glass melt casting and molding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crucible clamp assembly (11) includes crucible clamp jaws (110a), a transmission structure, a push rod (117), a first push rod driver (402), and a jaw drive component; The transmission structure is a toothed disc (111) and toothed rail (118) mating structure or a turntable and drive wire (119) mating structure, used to drive the crucible claws (110a) to hold the crucible and tilt and flip it; The push rod (117) is provided with teeth. The first push rod driver (402) drives the push rod (117) to extend and retract through gears, so that the crucible clamp assembly (11) extends or retracts into the forming cavity (1). The jaw drive is a first wire tension cylinder (403), which controls the clamping and loosening of the crucible jaws (110a) through the first wire (115) and the second wire (116).

4. The semi-automatic glass melt casting and forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scraping device (5) includes a scraping arm (506) and a semi-circular scraper (501) installed at one end of the scraping arm (506). The scraping device (5) is driven by a steel wire or by an electromagnetic drive. When the crucible is tilted so that the mouth of the crucible faces downward and the line connecting the center of the crucible coincides with the extension line of the scraper arm (506), the semi-circular scraper (501) can be inserted into the crucible to scrape out the remaining glass liquid; The bottom of the forming cavity (1) is equipped with a small high-frequency heating furnace or a rapid cooling device for cleaning the residual glass from the semi-circular scraper (501).

5. The semi-automatic glass melt casting and forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-frequency heating component (13) is a high-frequency induction heating device; When the crucible is clamped and tilted to pour molten glass, the high-frequency induction heating device is configured to approach and act on the bottom and side wall areas of the platinum crucible. By generating eddy currents in this area through electromagnetic induction, the crucible wall is heated, thereby reducing the viscosity of the molten glass in contact with it and promoting the smooth flow of the molten glass.

6. The semi-automatic glass melt casting and forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mold (21) assembly includes a mold (21), a mold tray (22), a second guide rail (104b), a chain (33), a chain drive component (32), and a lifting cylinder; The mold tray (22) is equipped with a silicon carbide heating plate and a temperature sensor. The mold tray (22) has a wedge-shaped structure. The chain (33) includes a first chain (33a) and a second chain (33b), and the second guide rail (104b) includes a third guide rail (34a) and a fourth guide rail (34b). A first push rod (36a) and a second push rod (36b) are mounted on the chain (33), and the first push rod (36a) is connected to the first chain (33a), and the second push rod (36b) is connected to the second chain (33b). The second guide rail (104b) is provided with a first positioning block (35a), a second positioning block (35b) and a third positioning block (37) (35b), and the first push rod (36a) and the second push rod (36b) can push the mold tray (22) and the mold (21) to move between the molding cavity (1) and the processing cavity (2); The second guide rail (104b) is provided with a retractable extension section that can extend into the external annealing furnace and fit against the bottom surface of the furnace chamber.

7. A semi-automatic glass melt casting method based on the apparatus described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The mold (21) is preheated to the required process temperature by the temperature control device of the processing cavity (2), and the molding cavity (1) is heated to the preset casting temperature at the same time; S2: Move and raise the processing rack (3) so that the first lifting door (14) of the molding cavity (1) is connected to the high temperature furnace opening and the first lifting door (14) is opened; S3: Control the crucible clamp assembly (11) to open and extend into the high-temperature furnace, clamp the crucible containing molten glass, and then drive the crucible to rise and retract into the forming cavity (1); S4: Move the crucible to the window (16) and complete the peeling and impurity removal operation through the window (16); S5: Control the crucible to move above the mold (21), and drive the crucible to tilt through the transmission structure so that the glass liquid is poured into the mold (21); during the pouring process, start the high-frequency heating component (13) to reduce the viscosity of the glass liquid in contact with the crucible wall; S6: When the crucible is tilted to an angle of -60° with the center line of the bottom surface of the forming cavity (1), start the scraping device (5) to scrape out the remaining glass liquid in the crucible; S7: After the glass melt is poured, control the mold (21) and glass sample to move to the processing chamber (2) or external annealing furnace for annealing treatment; S8: Control the crucible to return to below the window (16), add new mixed raw materials, send the crucible back into the high-temperature furnace, retract the crucible clamp assembly (11), close the first lifting door (14), and cool down the molding cavity (1).

8. The semi-automatic glass melt casting method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, the crucible clamp assembly (11) drives the push rod (117) to extend and retract through the first push rod driver (402), thereby extending into the high-temperature furnace or retracting into the forming cavity (1); The clamping and loosening of the crucible clamps (110a) are achieved by controlling the tension of the first steel wire (115) and the second steel wire (116) through the tension cylinder (403) of the first steel wire.

9. The semi-automatic glass melt casting method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S5, the tilting of the crucible is achieved by the relative motion of the toothed disc (111) and the toothed rail (118) meshing or by the traction motion of the turntable and the drive wire (119). In step S6, the scraping device (5) controls the rotation and extension of the scraping arm (506) by alternating tensioning of the third steel wire (510) and the fourth steel wire (512) or by the attraction and repulsion of the electromagnet.

10. The semi-automatic glass melt casting method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S7, the movement of the mold (21) is achieved by driving the first push rod (36a) and the second push rod (36b) through the first chain (33a) and the second chain (33b); If the mold is to be moved into an external annealing furnace, the retractable extension of the second guide rail (104b) must first be inserted into the external annealing furnace and placed against the bottom of the furnace chamber. Then, the mold (21) is pushed apart from the mold tray (22) by the first push rod (36a) and sent into the external annealing furnace.

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