A drafting processing equipment for blended yarns

Abstract

This invention discloses a drafting processing device for blended yarns, belonging to the field of textile machinery technology. The device includes a base, and a drive module, a rear roller drafting assembly, and a front roller drafting assembly mounted on the base. The drive module includes a drive motor and a main gearbox connected to the drive motor, with a main drive shaft rotatably disposed within the main gearbox. The rear roller drafting assembly includes a rear roller drive shaft connected to the main drive shaft via a first transmission path, a lower rear roller fixed on the shaft, and an upper rear roller that cooperates with and presses against the lower rear roller. The front roller drafting assembly includes a front roller drive shaft connected to the main drive shaft via a second transmission path. This invention achieves stable differential transmission between the front and rear drafting rollers through a single drive source and an integrated transmission system. It features a compact structure, a short transmission chain, and convenient and precise drafting ratio adjustment, effectively improving the processing quality and production efficiency of blended yarns.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of textile machinery technology, and in particular to a drafting processing device for processing blended fiber slivers and stretching and refining blended yarns. Background Technology

[0002] In the textile industry, yarn drafting is a crucial step in the spinning process. Its purpose is to stretch and refine the coarse fiber sliver (or sliver) along its length, improving its parallel straightness and preparing it for subsequent twisting and yarn formation. The quality of the drafting process directly determines the uniformity, strength, and appearance of the final yarn. This is especially true for blended yarns, such as mixtures of different fibers like cotton and polyester, or wool and acrylic. Because the components differ in length, fineness, elasticity, and coefficient of friction, higher demands are placed on the stability and precision of the drafting equipment.

[0003] Without dedicated drafting equipment, textile workshop operators who need to stretch fiber slivers can only rely on combinations of single-function, low-integration equipment, or perform unconventional operations on traditional spinning equipment. This approach faces several challenges: First, it is difficult to accurately control the draft ratio, i.e., the speed ratio of the output fiber sliver to the input fiber sliver. Operators rely on experience to manually adjust various transmission components, which is not only inefficient but also results in poor adjustment accuracy, leading to uneven yarn thickness and poor yarn evenness, severely affecting fabric quality. Second, when processing multiple yarns in parallel, the fiber slivers are prone to sticking and tangling in the drafting area, producing defects and even breakage, requiring frequent machine shutdowns, severely impacting production continuity and efficiency. Finally, the different component fibers in blended fibers have different slip characteristics. If the equipment does not properly control the fiber holding force, short fibers can easily become uncontrollable or long fibers can be broken, disrupting the uniformity of the blend ratio and forming yarn defects such as "slub yarn."

[0004] To achieve industrialized production, various drafting devices have been developed in existing technologies. A common drafting device uses multiple sets of rollers (i.e., rollers), and the drafting of the fiber sliver is achieved through the speed difference between the front and rear sets of rollers. However, existing drafting equipment, especially those designed for small- to medium-sized production or laboratory research and development, generally suffers from the following technical challenges:

[0005] Firstly, the transmission system is complex, leading to unstable draft ratios. Many existing devices employ complex transmission schemes to achieve differential rotation between the front and rear rollers. For example, two or more independent motors drive the front and rear rollers separately, with the speeds coordinated by an electrical synchronization control system. This approach is not only costly and energy-intensive, but also requires extremely high precision in synchronization control. Any delay or signal interference in the control system will cause a drift in the speed ratio between the front and rear rollers, resulting in real-time fluctuations in the draft ratio and thus periodic uneven yarn thickness. Another approach uses a single power source, but transmits power to the front and rear rollers separately through a long transmission chain (such as multi-stage pulleys or sprockets). After prolonged operation, the belts or chains in this long transmission chain will slip or jump due to wear and loosening, similarly causing inaccurate transmission ratios and affecting draft stability.

[0006] Secondly, adjusting the drafting process parameters is cumbersome and results in poor production flexibility. The production of blended yarns requires frequent adjustments to the draft ratio based on different blending ratios, fiber types, and target yarn counts. In many existing machines, adjusting the draft ratio is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. Operators need to stop the machine, open the gearbox cover, and use specialized tools to disassemble and replace one or more sets of transmission gears. This process is not only technically demanding and prone to errors, but the replaced gears also require specialized storage and management, increasing production preparation time and management costs. When small-batch, multi-variety production is required, this cumbersome adjustment method severely restricts production efficiency and the flexibility of equipment application, making it impossible to quickly respond to market changes. Furthermore, the gear replacement process also poses safety hazards, and frequent disassembly and assembly may lead to component wear or assembly errors, further affecting the long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0007] Therefore, how to design a drafting processing equipment for blended yarns with a simplified structure, stable transmission, and convenient and precise drafting ratio adjustment to solve the problems of complex transmission, unstable drafting, and difficulty in adjusting process parameters in the existing technology is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a drafting processing device for blended yarns, which more accurately solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0010] This invention proposes a drafting processing device for blended yarns, comprising a device base, and a drive module, a rear roller drafting assembly, and a front roller drafting assembly mounted on the device base; the rear roller drafting assembly and the front roller drafting assembly are arranged sequentially along the yarn travel direction; the drive module includes a drive motor and a main gearbox driven by the drive motor, and a main drive shaft is rotatably disposed within the main gearbox, the main drive shaft being used to receive power from the drive motor; the rear roller drafting assembly includes a drive module connected to the main roller drafting assembly via a first transmission path. The front roller drawing assembly includes a rear roller drive shaft connected to the main drive shaft via a second transmission path, a lower front roller fixed to the rear roller drive shaft, and an upper front roller that cooperates with and presses against the lower front roller; the transmission ratio of the second transmission path is different from that of the first transmission path, so that the rotational speed of the front roller drive shaft is higher than that of the rear roller drive shaft.

[0011] Preferably, the second transmission path is located within the main gearbox and includes a replaceable draw ratio adjusting gear set for adjusting the rotational speed of the front roller drive shaft.

[0012] Preferably, the rear roller drafting assembly further includes an upper rear roller pressure arm and a rear roller pressure spring; the upper rear roller pressure arm is pivotally mounted above the lower rear roller, and the upper rear roller is rotatably mounted on the upper rear roller pressure arm; the rear roller pressure spring acts on the upper rear roller pressure arm to drive the upper rear roller to press against the lower rear roller.

[0013] Preferably, the front roller drafting assembly further includes an upper front roller pressure arm and a front roller pressure spring; the upper front roller pressure arm is pivotally mounted above the lower front roller, and the upper front roller is rotatably mounted on the upper front roller pressure arm; the front roller pressure spring acts on the upper front roller pressure arm to drive the upper front roller to press against the lower front roller.

[0014] Preferably, the upper rear roller pressure arm is L-shaped, with its short arm end pivotally connected to a fixed support, and the upper rear roller mounted on its long arm end. One end of the rear roller pressure spring is connected to the swing end of the upper rear roller pressure arm.

[0015] Preferably, the axes of the main drive shaft, the rear roller drive shaft, and the front roller drive shaft are parallel to each other.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes a fiber guiding and separating device; the fiber guiding and separating device includes a feed guide frame disposed on the upstream side of the rear roller drafting assembly, a drafting partition plate disposed between the rear roller drafting assembly and the front roller drafting assembly, and an output collector disposed on the downstream side of the front roller drafting assembly.

[0017] Preferably, the feeding guide frame is a metal plate structure, and the metal plate has a trumpet-shaped guide hole, which corresponds to the axial position of the lower rear roller.

[0018] Preferably, the drawing zone partition is a thin metal plate, and the drawing zone partition is vertically mounted on the equipment base.

[0019] Preferably, the surfaces of the lower rear roller and the lower front roller are provided with grooves, and the surfaces of the upper rear roller and the upper front roller are covered with a rubber layer.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a drafting processing device for blended yarns, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. This invention achieves the synchronous driving of the rear roller drafting assembly and the front roller drafting assembly with different speeds by a single drive motor through a shared drive module and a first and second transmission path branching off from the main drive shaft. This simplifies the structure, shortens the transmission chain, stabilizes the transmission, and ensures precise drafting ratio. This mechanically rigid differential transmission method fundamentally avoids the electrical synchronization errors that may exist in multi-motor drive schemes, as well as the slippage and vibration problems caused by long chain or belt drives, ensuring the constant drafting ratio and significantly improving the stability of yarn quality.

[0022] 2. This invention achieves rapid, convenient, and precise adjustment of the draft ratio by incorporating a replaceable draft ratio adjustment gear set within the main gearbox. Operators only need to open a convenient opening in the main gearbox and replace a few key gears to change the overall transmission ratio of the second transmission path, thereby altering the speed of the front roller. This design greatly simplifies the process of switching process parameters, significantly reduces equipment downtime for debugging due to changes in product types, improves the flexibility of the production line and overall production efficiency, and perfectly solves the pain point of cumbersome draft ratio adjustment in the prior art.

[0023] 3. This invention, through the establishment of a complete fiber guiding and separating device, including a feeding guide frame, a drafting zone partition, and an output collector, achieves orderly guidance and effective separation of yarn throughout the feeding, drafting, and output processes. The trumpet-shaped guide holes smoothly guide the fiber slivers into the drafting zone, the drafting zone partition ensures that the individual fiber slivers do not interfere with each other during the stretching process, and the output collector neatly guides the drafted yarn out. This series of structures works synergistically to effectively prevent fibers from tangling, sticking, or drifting during high-speed movement, ensuring a clear path when multiple yarns are processed in parallel, thereby reducing breakage rate, minimizing yarn defects, and improving the final yarn quality and uniformity.

[0024] 4. This invention achieves stable application and control of the gripping force in the drafting zone by setting independent pressure arms and pressure springs for the upper and lower rollers. This purely mechanical pressure structure is simple, reliable, and easy to maintain, providing continuous and uniform pressure to ensure effective gripping of the fiber sliver by the upper and lower rollers. The combination of the grooved surface of the lower roller and the rubber layer of the upper roller enhances the control over blended fibers with different properties, preventing accidental slippage or damage to the fibers during drafting, thereby ensuring the stability of the drafting process and the uniformity of fiber distribution in the yarn. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a side view of the structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the front roller stretching assembly in this invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the output collector in this invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure arm structure of the rear roller stretching assembly in this invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the driving module in this invention.

[0033] Component numbering list in the diagram: 1. Equipment base; 2. Drive module; 21. Drive motor; 22. Main gearbox; 23. Main drive shaft; 24. Draft ratio adjustment gear set; 3. Rear roller drafting assembly; 31. Rear roller drive shaft; 32. Lower rear roller; 33. Upper rear roller pressure arm; 34. Upper rear roller; 35. Rear roller pressure spring; 4. Front roller drafting assembly; 41. Front roller drive shaft; 42. Lower front roller; 43. Upper front roller pressure arm; 44. Upper front roller; 45. Front roller pressure spring; 51. Feed guide frame; 52. Drafting zone partition; 53. Output collector. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Specifically, the drive module 2, serving as the power source for the entire device, is fixedly installed at one end of the device base 1. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 8 As shown, the drive module 2 includes a drive motor 21 and a main gearbox 22 mechanically connected to it. The drive motor 21 can be a three-phase asynchronous motor or a servo motor, which is securely fixed to the equipment base 1 through mounting holes and fastening bolts. The output shaft of the drive motor 21 is connected to the input shaft of the main gearbox 22 via a coupling (not shown in the figure). The main gearbox 22 is a closed housing containing a series of transmission gears and filled with lubricating oil to ensure smooth operation and long service life of the gears. Inside the main gearbox 22, parallel to the output shaft of the drive motor 21, a main drive shaft 23 is rotatably mounted. The main drive shaft 23 is reliably supported on the housing wall of the main gearbox 22 by bearing seats, and one end of it is connected to the input shaft of the main gearbox 22 via a gear train, thereby receiving and transmitting power from the drive motor 21.

[0035] Directly above the lower rear roller 32, an upper roller mechanism for applying pressure is provided. This mechanism includes an upper rear roller 34, the surface of which is covered with a highly elastic, wear-resistant rubber layer. The upper rear roller 34 is rotatably mounted at the long arm end of a pair of upper rear roller pressure arms 33 via journals at both ends. Figure 7 As shown, each upper rear roller pressure arm 33 has an L-shaped structure, with a pivot hole at the corner of its short arm end, which is pivotally connected to a support fixed to the machine frame via a pin. This allows the upper rear roller pressure arm 33 to swing up and down around this pin. A rear roller pressure spring 35, acting as a tension spring, has one end hooked to the swinging end of the long arm of the upper rear roller pressure arm 33, and the other end hooked to a fixed anchor point on the frame. Under the spring tension, the upper rear roller pressure arm 33 is pulled downwards, causing the upper rear roller 34 mounted on it to press tightly against the lower rear roller 32 with a constant pressure, forming an effective gripping jaw.

[0036] The front roller drawing assembly 4, serving as the output end of the drawing process, is installed downstream of the rear roller drawing assembly 3. Its overall structure is highly similar to that of the rear roller drawing assembly 3, but its rotational speed is higher. For example... Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the front roller drafting assembly 4 includes a front roller drive shaft 41, which is also rotatably mounted on a fixed support via bearings. One end of the front roller drive shaft 41 extends into the main gearbox 22 and is connected to the main drive shaft 23 via a second transmission path. Inside the main gearbox 22, the design of the second transmission path is crucial for achieving an adjustable draft ratio. Specifically, a drive gear on the main drive shaft 23 transmits power to a driven gear on the front roller drive shaft 41 via one or more intermediate gears. Among these intermediate gears is a replaceable draft ratio adjusting gear set 24. This gear set 24 typically consists of two meshing gears mounted on a detachable shaft or support. By replacing the draft ratio adjusting gear set 24 with different gear ratios, the overall transmission ratio of the second transmission path can be changed, thereby precisely adjusting the rotational speed of the front roller drive shaft 41.

[0037] In terms of design, even when using the standard number of teeth for the draft ratio adjustment gear set 24, the total transmission ratio of the second transmission path is significantly smaller than that of the first transmission path. This ensures that the rotational speed of the front roller drive shaft 41 is always higher than that of the rear roller drive shaft 31. The lower front roller 42 is also fixedly mounted on the front roller drive shaft 41 via a key connection, and its structure and surface grooves are similar to those of the lower rear roller 32. Above it, an upper roller pressing mechanism consisting of an upper front roller 44, an upper front roller pressure arm 43, and a front roller pressure spring 45 is also provided. Its structure and working principle are exactly the same as the corresponding part in the rear roller drafting assembly 3. Through the tension of the front roller pressure spring 45, the rubber-coated upper front roller 44 is pressed against the grooved lower front roller 42.

[0038] To ensure smooth transmission and a compact structure, the axes of the main drive shaft 23, the rear roller drive shaft 31, and the front roller drive shaft 41 are designed to be parallel to each other.

[0039] In addition, this equipment is equipped with a complete fiber guiding and separating device to ensure that the yarn paths are clear and do not interfere with each other during processing. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a feed guide frame 51 is vertically installed upstream of the rear roller drafting assembly 3. This guide frame is a metal plate with several trumpet-shaped guide holes formed according to the number of strands of the processed yarn. Each guide hole has a larger inlet, shaped like a trumpet, to facilitate the introduction of the fiber sliver, and a smaller outlet. Its axial position precisely corresponds to a working area on the lower rear roller 32. In the drafting zone between the rear roller drafting assembly 3 and the front roller drafting assembly 4, a drafting zone partition 52 made of a thin metal plate is vertically installed. This partition divides the entire drafting zone axially into multiple independent channels, preventing adjacent fiber slivers from sticking or tangling due to static electricity or airflow disturbance during high-speed stretching. Downstream of the front roller drafting assembly 4, an output collector 53 is installed, as shown... Figure 6 As shown. This collector is typically made of sheet metal and has multiple funnel-shaped channels for collecting the drafted yarn output from the front roller jaws and guiding it neatly into the collection device for the next process.

[0040] The entire equipment is additionally equipped with a pneumatic control system, including an air compressor, air tank, filter, pressure reducing valve, solenoid valve, and connecting pipelines. The pressure reducing valve is used to precisely set the working air pressure supplied to the cylinder. When the equipment is working, the control system activates the solenoid valve, and compressed air enters the rodless chamber of the cylinder, pushing the piston rod out. The extended piston rod pushes or pulls the pressure arm (depending on the cylinder mounting position) through the hinged lug, causing the upper rear roller 34 and upper front roller 44 to press the lower rear roller 32 and lower front roller 42 downwards at a set pressure.

[0041] The advantages of using pneumatic pressurization are as follows: First, pressure adjustment is extremely convenient and precise. Operators do not need to replace any mechanical parts; they can simply adjust the drafting pressure within a wide range on the control panel or by rotating the handwheel of the pressure-reducing valve. This allows the equipment to better adapt to the processing requirements of different fiber materials. For example, lower pressure can be applied to more fragile fibers, while higher pressure can be applied to fibers with a low coefficient of friction to achieve the best drafting effect. Second, the pneumatic system can provide very stable pressure, unaffected by fatigue or wear of mechanical parts, ensuring the consistency of process parameters throughout long-term production. Finally, the pneumatic system can be easily integrated with the equipment's central control system to achieve automated and programmed pressure control, further enhancing the equipment's automation level.

Claims

1. A drafting processing device for blended yarns, comprising a device base (1), and a drive module (2), a rear roller drafting assembly (3), and a front roller drafting assembly (4) mounted on the device base (1); the rear roller drafting assembly (3) and the front roller drafting assembly (4) are arranged sequentially along the yarn travel direction; Its features are, The drive module (2) includes a drive motor (21) and a main gearbox (22) that is connected to the drive motor (21) for transmission. A main drive shaft (23) is rotatably arranged inside the main gearbox (22). The main drive shaft (23) is used to receive the power of the drive motor (21). The rear roller drawing assembly (3) includes a rear roller drive shaft (31) that is connected to the main drive shaft (23) via a first drive path, a lower rear roller (32) fixed on the rear roller drive shaft (31), and an upper rear roller (34) that cooperates with and presses against the lower rear roller (32). The front roller drawing assembly (4) includes a front roller drive shaft (41) that is connected to the main drive shaft (23) via a second drive path, a lower front roller (42) fixed on the front roller drive shaft (41), and an upper front roller (44) that cooperates with and presses against the lower front roller (42). The transmission ratio of the second transmission path is different from that of the first transmission path, so that the rotational speed of the front roller drive shaft (41) is higher than that of the rear roller drive shaft (31).

2. The drafting equipment for blended yarns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second transmission path is located within the main gearbox (22) and includes a replaceable draw ratio adjusting gear set (24) for adjusting the rotational speed of the front roller drive shaft (41).

3. The drafting equipment for blended yarns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear roller drawing assembly (3) further includes an upper rear roller pressure arm (33) and a rear roller pressure spring (35); the upper rear roller pressure arm (33) is pivotally mounted above the lower rear roller (32), and the upper rear roller (34) is rotatably mounted on the upper rear roller pressure arm (33); the rear roller pressure spring (35) acts on the upper rear roller pressure arm (33) to drive the upper rear roller (34) to press against the lower rear roller (32).

4. The drafting equipment for blended yarns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front roller stretching assembly (4) further includes an upper front roller pressure arm (43) and a front roller pressure spring (45); the upper front roller pressure arm (43) is pivotally mounted above the lower front roller (42), and the upper front roller (44) is rotatably mounted on the upper front roller pressure arm (43); the front roller pressure spring (45) acts on the upper front roller pressure arm (43) to drive the upper front roller (44) to press against the lower front roller (42).

5. The drafting equipment for blended yarns according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper rear roller pressure arm (33) is L-shaped, with its short arm end pivotally connected to a fixed support, and its long arm end fitted with the upper rear roller (34). One end of the rear roller pressure spring (35) is connected to the swing end of the upper rear roller pressure arm (33).

6. The drafting equipment for blended yarns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axes of the main drive shaft (23), the rear roller drive shaft (31), and the front roller drive shaft (41) are parallel to each other.

7. The drafting equipment for blended yarns according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a fiber guiding and separating device; the fiber guiding and separating device includes a feeding guide (51) disposed on the upstream side of the rear roller drawing assembly (3), a drawing zone partition (52) disposed between the rear roller drawing assembly (3) and the front roller drawing assembly (44), and an output collector (53) disposed on the downstream side of the front roller drawing assembly (4).

8. The drafting equipment for blended yarns according to claim 7, characterized in that, The feeding guide frame (51) is a metal plate structure, and a flared guide hole is provided on the metal plate. The guide hole corresponds to the axial position of the lower rear roller (32).

9. The drafting equipment for blended yarns according to claim 7, characterized in that, The stretching partition (52) is a thin metal plate, and the stretching partition (52) is vertically installed on the equipment base (1).

10. The drafting equipment for blended yarns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surfaces of the lower rear roller (32) and the lower front roller (42) are provided with grooves, and the surfaces of the upper rear roller (34) and the upper front roller (44) are covered with a rubber layer.

Images