A green building energy-saving glass wall

Abstract

This invention discloses an energy-saving glass wall for green buildings, comprising an outer layer of perovskite photovoltaic glass, an inner layer of insulating glass, and a transparent ventilation cavity formed between them. Integrated ventilation and purification modules are fixed to the top and bottom of the cavity, respectively. Each module includes an outer shell fixed to the building and a fully removable inner liner. A filter chamber and a noise reduction chamber are sequentially arranged along the airflow direction within the inner liner, with a replaceable composite filter element installed in the filter chamber. Controllable louvers are embedded at the upper end of the outer glass assembly and the upper and lower ends of the inner glass assembly, respectively, and are connected to the ventilation openings of the corresponding modules. This invention, through its removable inner liner design, enables convenient filter element replacement and cavity cleaning; through integrated filtration and noise reduction functions, it provides clean, low-noise fresh air; and combined with louver control, it allows switching between multiple airflow modes to achieve summer heat insulation, winter heating, and fresh air supply during transitional seasons.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of green building curtain wall technology, specifically relating to a green building energy-saving glass wall. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of building energy conservation and green building technologies, building curtain walls have evolved from simple enclosure structures to multifunctional integrated structures. Various energy-saving curtain wall solutions have emerged in existing technologies.

[0003] Chinese invention patent CN120006884B discloses a green and energy-saving building curtain wall that generates electricity by using the mechanical energy of rotating blades through a piezoelectric mechanism installed at the connection of the transmission rod of the adjustable window. However, this solution has the following shortcomings: First, the power generation efficiency is highly dependent on the frequent mechanical movement of the blades, and no electricity can be generated when the blades are stationary or have low activity, resulting in poor power generation continuity; Second, the piezoelectric mechanism is located in the drive chamber, which is space-constrained, and the contact and compression between the piezoelectric protrusions and the ceramic sheet is prone to mechanical wear and noise, resulting in insufficient long-term reliability; Third, its grid-like frame is connected by a locking mechanism, which is structurally complex, requires high installation and alignment accuracy, and has low construction efficiency; Fourth, this solution does not solve the problems of dust accumulation and low ventilation efficiency inside the double-layer glass cavity, and lacks effective filtration and noise reduction measures.

[0004] Chinese invention patent CN120556658B discloses a green and energy-saving curtain wall and its construction and renovation method, which uses thin-film photovoltaic glass and adjustable photovoltaic panels for dual power generation and is equipped with a ventilation control structure. However, this solution still has room for improvement: First, its adjustable photovoltaic panels extend from the side of the photovoltaic frame via a screw mechanism, occupying additional external building space, affecting the cleanliness of the building facade, and having weak wind load resistance; Second, the ventilation control structure only controls the opening and closing of ventilation holes by moving the control plate, which is a single function and cannot actively purify or exchange heat with the incoming air, resulting in significant energy loss during extreme weather conditions; Third, its clamping and fixing structure has numerous components, making installation cumbersome, and lacks effective filtration and noise reduction design, allowing external noise to easily enter the room during ventilation; Fourth, its glass layer fixing method is simple, and the clamping components lack flexible adjustment capabilities, making the glass prone to displacement due to thermal expansion and contraction or vibration; Fifth, the ventilation outlets of this solution have weak filtration capabilities, with only simple filters, resulting in low interception efficiency for fine particulate matter such as PM2.5, and the filters require high-altitude operations for cleaning or replacement, posing safety hazards and high maintenance costs.

[0005] In summary, existing technologies generally suffer from the following core problems: difficult filtration and maintenance, high ventilation noise, fragmented functions, obstructed lighting in the central cavity, limited glass functionality, lack of convenient maintenance structures, and inability to clean the central cavity. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of energy-saving glass wall system that integrates high-efficiency filtration, wideband noise reduction, precise airflow control, convenient maintenance, high light transmission, photovoltaic power generation, and flexible ventilation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a green building energy-saving glass wall with a removable inner liner design, enabling convenient operation for filter replacement and internal cavity cleaning; by integrating filtration and noise reduction functions, it provides clean and low-noise fresh air; combined with louver control, it can switch between multiple airflow modes to achieve summer heat insulation, winter heating, and fresh air supply during transitional seasons, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A green building energy-saving glass wall, installed on the exterior wall of a building, includes:

[0009] Outer glass assembly, including transparent photovoltaic glass panels;

[0010] The inner glass assembly is spaced apart from the outer glass assembly to form a transparent ventilation cavity in between;

[0011] An upper integrated ventilation and purification module and a lower integrated ventilation and purification module are respectively disposed at the top and bottom of the intermediate transparent ventilation cavity. Each integrated ventilation and purification module includes:

[0012] The outer shell is fixed to the building structure and has an outdoor ventilation opening that communicates with the outside and a cavity ventilation opening that communicates with the intermediate transparent ventilation cavity.

[0013] The inner liner is removably disposed within the outer shell, and the inner liner is provided with at least one filter chamber, in which a replaceable filter element is installed;

[0014] The first controllable ventilation component is disposed on the circulation path between the outer glass component and the outdoor air;

[0015] The second controllable ventilation component is disposed on the circulation path between the intermediate transparent ventilation cavity and the indoor air.

[0016] As a further option, the transparent photovoltaic glass panel is a transparent perovskite photovoltaic glass panel, which includes, from the outdoor side to the indoor side, the following components in sequence: a first ultra-white tempered glass substrate, a transparent conductive oxide layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a hole transport layer, a back electrode layer, a PVB film, and a second ultra-white tempered glass encapsulation plate; the back electrode layer is a transparent conductive oxide and has a grid-like pattern formed on it.

[0017] As a further option, the height of the outer shell is not less than 150mm, so that after the inner liner is completely pulled out, the cavity vent exposes an opening that allows a person's hand or cleaning tool to reach into the middle transparent ventilation cavity; the inner bottom surface of the outer shell is provided with a plurality of spaced support grooves extending along the length direction for supporting and guiding the inner liner.

[0018] As a further option, the inner liner is also provided with an air inlet chamber, a noise reduction chamber, and an air outlet chamber in sequence along the airflow direction; the air inlet chamber is connected to the outdoor vent, and the air outlet chamber is connected to the cavity vent; the filter chamber is located between the air inlet chamber and the noise reduction chamber; the filter element has a drawer-type structure, including a composite layer of stainless steel primary filter screen, electret electrostatic filter cotton, and activated carbon fiber felt.

[0019] As a further option, a porous sound-absorbing layer is pasted on the inner wall of the noise reduction cavity.

[0020] As a further option, a flexible positioning pin locking mechanism is also included, which includes:

[0021] A positioning pin groove is formed on the front panel of the inner liner;

[0022] The locating pin body is slidably disposed within the locating pin groove;

[0023] A compression spring is disposed in the locating pin groove to push the locating pin body outward;

[0024] A positioning groove is provided on the inner wall of the side wall of the outer shell, for accommodating the end of the positioning pin body when the inner liner is pushed into place;

[0025] An unlocking hole is formed through the side wall of the outer casing, directly opposite the positioning groove, for inserting a push rod to push the positioning pin body back into the positioning pin groove.

[0026] As a further option, the first controllable ventilation component is an outer louver embedded in the upper part of the outer glass component; the second controllable ventilation component includes an inner upper louver embedded in the upper part of the inner glass component and an inner lower louver embedded in the lower part of the inner glass component; the cavity vent of the upper integrated ventilation and purification module is connected to the cavity side of the inner upper louver, and the cavity vent of the lower integrated ventilation and purification module is connected to the cavity side of the inner lower louver.

[0027] As a further option, it also includes a control system, an MPPT controller, and a solid-state thin-film battery pack; the DC power generated by the transparent perovskite photovoltaic glass panel is stored in the solid-state thin-film battery pack via the MPPT controller, and the solid-state thin-film battery pack supplies power to the outer louvers, the upper inner louvers, the lower inner louvers, and the control system.

[0028] As a further option, by controlling the opening and closing of the outer louvers, the upper inner louvers, and the lower inner louvers, the following airflow organization modes can be achieved:

[0029] Summer daytime heat insulation mode: The outer louvers, the upper inner louvers, and the lower inner louvers are all closed;

[0030] Summer nighttime heat dissipation mode: the outer louvers are open, while the inner upper and lower louvers are closed;

[0031] Passive heating mode in winter: the outer louvers are closed, while the inner upper and lower louvers are open;

[0032] Transitional Season Fresh Air Mode: The outer louvers and the upper inner louvers are closed, while the lower inner louvers are open.

[0033] As a further option, the inner bottom surface of the outer casing slopes downward toward the outside, and the bottom of the outdoor vent is not higher than the bottom of the inner cavity.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] 1. By integrating ventilation, filtration, and noise reduction functions into a fully removable inner liner, not only is modular filter replacement achieved, but a physical cleaning channel that can be directly operated is also provided for the central transparent ventilation cavity, solving the problems of traditional curtain wall cavities being unable to be cleaned and requiring high-altitude operations for maintenance.

[0036] 2. It adopts a three-layer composite drawer-type filter element that includes pre-filter, electrostatic adsorption and activated carbon adsorption, which has a high efficiency in intercepting PM2.5 and harmful gases; combined with an independent noise reduction chamber and a porous sound-absorbing layer, it effectively reduces airflow noise during ventilation, achieving a synergy between purification and quiet operation.

[0037] 3. By independently controlling the outer louvers, the upper inner louvers, and the lower inner louvers, combined with the fixed air outlets of the integrated modules at the top and bottom, four working modes can be realized: heat insulation, heat dissipation, passive heating, and positive pressure fresh air. This allows for precise adaptation to different seasons and climate conditions, significantly improving building energy efficiency and indoor comfort.

[0038] 4. The outer layer uses semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic glass with a specific layered structure, which can generate electricity efficiently while ensuring the building's lighting and visibility. The generated electricity is stored in solid-state thin-film batteries after being controlled by MPPT, providing net-zero energy consumption support for the louvers and control system, without the need for external wiring.

[0039] 5. The spaced support groove design at the bottom of the outer shell ensures the structural strength of the outer shell after the inner liner is pulled out; the elastic positioning pin locking mechanism realizes automatic locking when the inner liner is pushed in, and can be easily unlocked from the indoor side through the special unlocking hole, making the operation convenient, safe and reliable. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0041] In the attached diagram:

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the outer glass assembly structure of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a side sectional view of the outer casing of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a front view schematic diagram of the support groove structure of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the side cross-sectional structure of the inner liner of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 A sectional view of the noise reduction cavity after the outer shell and inner liner have been installed.

[0048] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified structural diagram at point A;

[0049] Figure 8 This is a control logic block diagram of the system of the present invention.

[0050] In the diagram: 100, outer glass assembly; 200, inner glass assembly; 300, upper integrated ventilation and purification module; 400, lower integrated ventilation and purification module; 500, middle transparent ventilation cavity; 31, outer shell; 311, outdoor ventilation opening; 312, cavity ventilation opening; 32, inner liner; 101, outer louver; 201, inner upper louver; 202, inner lower louver; 110, transparent perovskite photovoltaic glass panel; 210, hollow double-layer glass panel; 213, hollow cavity; 322, front panel; 323, handle; 341, unlocking hole; 3411, dust cover; 111, first ultra-white tempered glass substrate; 112, transparent conductive oxide 113. Electron transport layer; 114. Perovskite light absorption layer; 115. Hole transport layer; 116. Back electrode layer; 117. PVB film; 118. Second ultra-white tempered glass encapsulation plate; 313. Opening surface; 330. Support groove; 320. Sealing strip; 3101. Positioning groove; 331. Air inlet cavity; 332. Filter cavity; 333. Noise reduction cavity; 334. Air outlet cavity; 34. Filter element; 35. Porous flow equalization plate; 363. Porous sound absorption layer; 3221. Positioning pin groove; 3222. Positioning pin body; 3223. Compression spring; 600. Control system; 610. MPPT controller; 620. Solid-state thin-film battery pack. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Example 1: As Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a green building energy-saving glass wall, which is installed as a whole between the beams and columns of the building's exterior wall, forming a vertically extending rectangular unit. From the exterior to the interior, it consists of an outer glass assembly 100, a central transparent ventilation cavity 500, and an inner glass assembly 200. An upper integrated ventilation and purification module 300 and a lower integrated ventilation and purification module 400 are respectively installed at the top and bottom of the cavity. These two modules have identical structures and are fixed to the upper and lower edges of the building's floor slab or beams, respectively, while communicating with the indoor and outdoor air and the central cavity.

[0053] Specifically, the outer shell 31 of the upper module 300 is fixed to the lower edge of the upper floor slab or beam using expansion bolts, while the outer shell 31 of the lower module 400 is fixed to the upper edge of the floor slab or beam of the same floor. Both the upper and lower modules have internal air ducts and outdoor ventilation openings 311 connecting to the outside, as well as cavity ventilation openings 312 connecting to the intermediate cavity 500. This layout ensures that most of the building's light-receiving surface is unobstructed transparent glass, providing a clear view, and also allows for air communication between the intermediate cavity and the outside.

[0054] 1. Structure and principle of outer glass assembly 100

[0055] The outer glass assembly 100 faces outwards, and its main body is a transparent perovskite photovoltaic glass panel 110. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the glass panel adopts a multi-layer thin-film composite structure, which consists of the following layers from the outdoor side to the indoor side:

[0056] The first ultra-white tempered glass substrate 111, serving as both a carrier layer and a protective layer, possesses high light transmittance and high mechanical strength.

[0057] A transparent conductive oxide layer 112 is deposited on the inner surface of the first glass substrate by magnetron sputtering, and the material is FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide). This layer is both transparent and conductive, serving as the negative electrode (cathode) of the photovoltaic cell.

[0058] The electron transport layer 113, made of SnO2, is coated on top of the transparent conductive oxide layer 112. Its function is to extract and transport photogenerated electrons while blocking holes.

[0059] The perovskite light-absorbing layer 114, made of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite, is the core layer for photovoltaic power generation. When sunlight shines on it, the perovskite material absorbs photons and excites electron-hole pairs.

[0060] Hole transport layer 115, made of Spiro-OMeTAD, is coated on top of the perovskite layer. Its function is to extract and transport photogenerated holes while blocking electrons.

[0061] The back electrode layer 116 is made of a transparent conductive oxide (such as IZO) and is formed into a grid pattern by photolithography or laser etching to allow partial transmission of visible light, thereby achieving a transparent effect.

[0062] PVB adhesive film 117 is used to heat-press the above-mentioned functional layer to the second glass substrate.

[0063] The second ultra-white tempered glass encapsulation plate 118 serves as an encapsulation layer, protecting the internal functional layers from water and oxygen corrosion.

[0064] Edge sealing structure: The edges of the glass assembly are double-sealed using butyl rubber and a two-component structural sealant, and additional metal edge sealing strips and epoxy resin potting are installed at the lead-out ends.

[0065] Interlayer Connection and Power Generation Principle: When sunlight shines through the first glass substrate 111 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 112 onto the perovskite light-absorbing layer 114, the perovskite material absorbs photons and generates electron-hole pairs. Electrons are extracted by the electron transport layer 113 and transported to the transparent conductive oxide layer 112, outputting direct current (DC) through the negative electrode lead-out terminal; holes are extracted by the hole transport layer 115 and transported to the back electrode layer 116, outputting DC through the positive electrode lead-out terminal. This creates a photogenerated voltage between the positive and negative electrode leads-out terminals, outputting DC. The negative electrode lead-out terminal is connected to a reserved area of ​​the transparent conductive oxide layer 112 via conductive silver paste or welding; the positive electrode lead-out terminal is connected to a reserved area of ​​the back electrode layer 116 via conductive silver paste or welding. Both leads-out terminals extend from the glass edge and are insulated, waterproof, and sealed. The generated DC power is stored in the solid-state thin-film battery pack 620 after passing through the MPPT controller 610. Both the MPPT controller and the solid-state thin-film battery pack are installed in an independent electrical compartment inside the outer shell 31 of the upper module 300. This compartment is isolated from the air duct and is equipped with a waterproof seal.

[0066] Outer Layer Louver 101: An outer layer louver 101 is embedded and installed at the upper end of the outer glass plate 110. It is fixed to the edge of the glass plate by an aluminum alloy frame, and multiple horizontal blades are installed inside the frame via a rotating shaft. One end of all the blades is connected in series by a linkage mechanism and driven by a micro stepper motor. When the motor rotates, the linkage drives all the blades to rotate synchronously, realizing stepless adjustment from 0° (fully closed, the blade plane is parallel to the glass, and the rubber sealing strips at the edge of the blades press against each other to form an airtight seal) to 90° (fully open, the blade plane is parallel to the airflow direction, and the resistance is minimal). The micro stepper motor is powered by a solid-state thin-film battery pack 620 and controlled by a control system 600.

[0067] The entry of outdoor air is directly controlled by the outdoor vent 311 of the lower integrated module 400, which is fixedly equipped with rainproof louvers and stainless steel insect screens on the outside.

[0068] 2. Structure and principle of inner glass assembly 200

[0069] The inner glass assembly 200 faces inwards and its main body is a hollow double-glazed panel 210, which is made of two layers of ultra-clear glass bonded together with spacers and sealant. A closed hollow cavity 213 is formed between the two glass layers and filled with dry air or argon. This hollow structure has good thermal insulation and sound insulation performance, and is simple to process and has reliable strength. The glass panel 210 is fixed to the building structure by an aluminum alloy sub-frame, maintaining an appropriate distance from the outer glass 110 to form a cavity 500. The cavity is airtightly sealed with sealant strips, but airflow openings are left at the top and bottom.

[0070] Inner upper louvers 201 and inner lower louvers 202 are embedded at the upper and lower ends of the inner glass plate 210, respectively. Their structure is similar to that of the outer louvers, consisting of blades, a rotating shaft, a frame, a linkage mechanism, and a micro stepper motor. The blade edges are equipped with sealing strips. The cavity side of the inner upper louver 201 is connected to the cavity vent 312 of the upper module 300, and its indoor side directly exhausts air into the room. The indoor side of the inner lower louver 202 supplies air into the room, and its cavity side is connected to the cavity vent 312 of the lower module 400. When the louvers are open, indoor air can be supplied from the lower module through the inner lower louvers into the room; when the louvers are closed, the indoor airflow is blocked.

[0071] 3. Detailed structure of the integrated ventilation and purification modules 300 and 400 at the top and bottom.

[0072] The upper and lower modules have the same structure. Taking the lower module 400 as an example, the structure of the upper module 300 is the same as that of the lower module 400, only the installation position is reversed (upper and lower).

[0073] 3.1 Outer shell 31 – Fixing base and interface

[0074] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the outer shell 31 is made of a metal plate (preferably 304 stainless steel or aluminum alloy) through bending, welding, and reinforcement, and has an overall flat rectangular shape. Its length is equivalent to the width of the glass plate (leaving an installation gap), and its height (vertical thickness) is specially designed to be no less than 150mm, and preferably 180mm-220mm. The purpose of this height design is that when the inner liner 32 is completely pulled out, the cavity vent 312 on the cavity side of the outer shell 31 will expose a sufficiently large opening. The vertical dimension of this opening allows an adult's hand or a special cleaning tool (such as a water hose nozzle) to be easily inserted into the central transparent ventilation cavity 500 for cleaning.

[0075] The outer casing 31 is completely open on the side facing the interior, forming an opening 313 for inserting the inner liner 32. A fixed rainproof louver and a stainless steel insect screen are installed at the outdoor vent 311 to prevent rainwater and insects from entering directly (no movable louver is needed here). A removable decorative grille is provided at the cavity vent 312 for easy future maintenance.

[0076] To ensure the structural strength of the outer shell 31 during long-term use, especially to maintain stability after the inner liner 32 is removed, the inner bottom surface of the outer shell 31 is provided with multiple spaced support grooves 330 extending along the length direction. Each support groove 330 has an inverted "U" shaped cross-section, and its width and depth are calculated to provide sufficient bending stiffness. The spacer between adjacent support grooves (i.e., the groove connection) is integrated with the bottom plate of the outer shell, forming a continuous support surface. This structural design divides the bottom plate of the outer shell into multiple interconnected short spans along its length, significantly improving the bending modulus of the bottom plate. When the inner liner 32 is removed, the bottom plate of the outer shell 31 will not sag or deform due to the loss of the inner liner's support, and the groove connection can still effectively transfer the load to the side walls and fixing points on both sides. Simultaneously, these support grooves 330 also serve as a guide and load-bearing structure for the bottom slide rail of the inner liner 32.

[0077] Sealing and testing interface of the outer shell: Double hollow D-shaped silicone sealing strips 320 are embedded around the opening surface 313. The sealing strips are embedded in the sealing grooves on the end face of the outer shell and are fixed by adhesive or clips. When the inner liner 32 is pushed in and locked, the sealing strips are pressed against the conductive rubber sealing ring on the inner side of the front panel of the inner liner to form an airtight shield.

[0078] Secure installation of the outer casing: The outer casing 31 is firmly fixed to the building floor slab or beam using multiple expansion bolts (or stainless steel chemical anchors). The side walls of the outer casing 31 are connected to the building columns via angle brackets, further increasing the resistance to lateral forces.

[0079] 3.2 Inner Liner 32 – Removable Functional Core

[0080] like Figure 5 As shown, the inner liner 32 is a flat cuboid that matches the outer shell 31. It is made of metal sheet (preferably galvanized steel sheet or aluminum alloy) bent and welded. Its length is slightly smaller than that of the outer shell, and its width and height leave a small gap (about 1 mm) between it and the inner cavity of the outer shell.

[0081] Front panel and auxiliary operating components of the inner liner: A front panel 322, slightly larger than the opening size of the outer shell, is fixed to the front end of the inner liner 32 (i.e., the end facing the opening). The panel is made of aluminum alloy and is fixed to the inner liner body by riveting or welding. The panel integrates the following components: a recessed handle 323, made of stainless steel, embedded in the panel, with a non-slip surface treatment, not protruding from the panel surface to avoid bumps.

[0082] The internal chambers of the inner liner are divided into four interconnected chambers, which are arranged in the following order along the airflow direction: air inlet chamber 331, filter chamber 332, noise reduction chamber 333, and air outlet chamber 334.

[0083] Air inlet 331: The first chamber, with a porous flow equalization plate 35 inside, which is directly connected to the outdoor ventilation port 311 of the outer shell. Its function is to buffer and evenly distribute the incoming airflow, and prevent turbulence from directly impacting subsequent components.

[0084] Filter chamber 332: Adjacent to the air inlet chamber 331, it houses an integrated drawer-type filter element 34. This filter element is composed of three layers: the outermost layer is a stainless steel pre-filter to intercept large particles; the middle layer is electret electrostatic filter cotton, which uses electrostatic adsorption to absorb submicron particles (PM2.5), resulting in high filtration efficiency and low resistance; the innermost layer is activated carbon fiber felt, which adsorbs formaldehyde, VOCs, and odors. The three layers are encapsulated within an aluminum alloy frame, which is sealed to the filter chamber wall with a U-shaped rubber sealing strip to ensure all airflow passes through the filter media. A pull ring is located at the front of the filter element for easy removal and replacement.

[0085] Noise reduction cavity 333: Located after filter cavity 332, a porous sound-absorbing layer 363 (such as aluminum foam) is pasted around the cavity wall to absorb airflow noise.

[0086] Air outlet chamber 334: The last chamber, connected to the cavity vent 312 of the outer casing, to deliver the treated air. The inner wall of the air outlet chamber is provided with a guide slope to allow the airflow to enter the cavity smoothly.

[0087] The inner liner's elastic positioning pin locking mechanism: combined with Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the front panel 322 of the inner liner 32 is equipped with an elastic positioning component, specifically including: a positioning pin groove 3221, a positioning pin body 3222, and a compression spring 3223. The positioning pin groove is located at the upper end of the end panel (or at the lower end if it is an upper module). The positioning pin body is a cylindrical metal pin with a chamfered outer edge at the top for easy guidance, and its outer diameter smoothly fits the positioning pin groove. The compression spring is installed inside the positioning pin groove, with one end pressing against the positioning pin body and the other end pressing against the bottom of the positioning pin groove. The spring stiffness is designed to provide sufficient elastic force.

[0088] Correspondingly, the end panel 322 is surrounded by the edge of the outer shell 31, and a positioning groove 3101 corresponding to the positioning pin body is provided on the inner wall of the edge. The depth of the groove is slightly less than the extension length of the positioning pin, and a chamfer or guide slope is provided at its opening, so that after the inner liner is installed in place, the positioning pin body is partially pushed into the positioning groove under the strong action of the compression spring, thereby achieving stable locking of the inner liner on the outer shell.

[0089] An unlocking hole 341 is provided on the edge of the outer casing 31, directly opposite the positioning groove, penetrating the side wall. The diameter of the unlocking hole is smaller than the diameter of the positioning pin body, and its axis coincides with the axis of the positioning pin. The outer side of the unlocking hole (i.e., the outer surface of the side wall of the outer casing) is sealed by a dust cover 3411 (made of rubber or plastic) under normal use to prevent dust from entering.

[0090] When the inner liner 32 is pushed into the outer shell 31, the positioning pin body is pressed back into the positioning pin groove. As the inner liner continues to advance to directly above the positioning groove, the front end of the positioning pin body springs into the groove under the action of the spring force, making a clear "click" sound. At the same time, the end panel of the inner liner and the double sealing strip of the outer shell fit tightly together. At this time, the cooperation between the positioning pin body and the groove provides a locking force perpendicular to the pulling direction, preventing the inner liner from sliding outward due to vibration or gravity. And with the continuous action of the compression spring force, the inner liner is reliably locked in the fully pushed-in position.

[0091] When the inner liner 32 needs to be removed from the outer shell 31 for maintenance or cavity cleaning, the maintenance personnel should first remove the dust cover 3411. Then, using a slender push rod (which can be a dedicated stainless steel push pin or any slender rigid tool) with a diameter smaller than the unlocking hole 341, insert it into the unlocking hole and press it against the front end of the positioning pin body. Continue to push the push rod forcefully to compress the positioning pin back into the positioning pin groove, so that the positioning pin body is completely disengaged from the positioning groove. At this point, the positioning pin no longer provides locking force, and the maintenance personnel can easily pull out the inner liner by holding the handle 323 on the front panel of the inner liner. If the inner liner needs to be completely removed, the temporary safety stop must be manually released at the same time.

[0092] The advantages of this locking method are: it automatically locks when pushed in, requiring no tools; disassembly requires a simple push rod, making it easy to operate; the locking is reliable and will not loosen due to vibration; the unlocking hole is located on the inner side of the outer casing, allowing maintenance personnel to directly see and operate it after opening the decorative grille from inside.

[0093] The bottom surface of the inner cavity of the outer casing 31 is inclined downward towards the outside, and the bottom of the outdoor vent 311 is not higher than the bottom of the inner cavity. This allows a small amount of water that accidentally enters to be automatically discharged to the outside and prevents backflow.

[0094] (III) Daily cleaning and maintenance of the cavity

[0095] The inner liner 32 not only houses the filtration and noise reduction components, but its fully removable design also provides an access channel for cleaning the bottom of the central cavity 500. The specific operating procedure is as follows (in conjunction with...). Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 ):

[0096] Preparation: On the interior side, open the decorative grille at the cavity vent 312 to expose the unlocking hole 341 of the outer casing 31 and the front panel of the inner liner. Note: The unlocking hole 341 is located on the side wall of the outer casing, near the front panel, and can be seen directly after opening the decorative grille.

[0097] Power outage protection: Before cleaning, all louvers should be turned off via the control system 600 and the main power supply of the system should be disconnected.

[0098] Unlock: Remove the dust cover 3411, insert the push rod into the unlocking hole, push the locating pin body back into the locating pin groove, and maintain the pressure of the push rod. At the same time, press the temporary safety stop (if any).

[0099] Remove the inner liner: Hold the concave handle 323 with your other hand and pull the inner liner completely out of the outer shell.

[0100] Cleaning the bottom of the cavity: At this point, the cavity vent 312 of the outer casing 31 is fully exposed, forming an opening leading to the central cavity 500. Since the height of the outer casing is ≥150mm, maintenance personnel can insert the nozzle into the cavity for rinsing and can use a soft rod with a cleaning cloth for wiping.

[0101] Drying and reinstallation: After cleaning, push the inner liner back into the outer shell until the elastic positioning pin clicks to lock it in place, and finally reinstall the decorative grille.

[0102] (iv) Airflow organization working mode of the 500mm transparent ventilation cavity in the middle

[0103] The central transparent ventilation cavity 500 is enclosed by the outer glass assembly 100, the inner glass assembly 200, the upper module 300, and the lower module 400, forming a transparent and unobstructed vertical passage. The outdoor ventilation openings of both the upper and lower modules are fixed and normally open, always connected to the outdoor atmosphere, thus maintaining air pressure balance between the inside of the cavity and the outside.

[0104] By controlling the opening and closing of the outer louver 101, the inner upper louver 201, and the inner lower louver 202, the following four airflow organization modes can be achieved to adapt to the energy-saving and comfort needs under different seasons and weather conditions.

[0105] Mode 1: Summer Daytime Heat Insulation Mode

[0106] Outer louvers 101: Closed

[0107] Inner layer upper louver 201: Close

[0108] Inner lower louver 202: Closed

[0109] Airflow Path: All louvers are closed. Closing the outer louvers blocks direct sunlight from entering the cavity, reducing radiant heating; closing the inner louvers blocks air convection between the cavity and the interior. The cavity maintains a weak connection with the outside atmosphere through normally open outdoor ventilation openings at the top and bottom modules. Under thermal pressure, the slightly heated air inside the cavity slowly rises and is exhausted from the top, while drawing in outdoor air from the bottom. However, due to the shading of the outer louvers and the heat absorption and power generation of the photovoltaic glass, the temperature rise of the cavity is limited. The interior relies on the thermal insulation performance of the inner double-glazed glass to achieve a comprehensive summer heat insulation effect.

[0110] Mode 2: Summer Nighttime Heat Dissipation Mode

[0111] Outer louvers 101: Open

[0112] Inner layer upper louver 201: Close

[0113] Inner lower louver 202: Closed

[0114] Airflow path: The outer louvers are open, and the inner louvers are closed. At night, as the outdoor temperature drops, cool air enters the bottom of the cavity through the normally open vents of the lower module. The hot air accumulated during the day rises naturally due to thermal pressure and is exhausted outdoors through the normally open vents of the upper module and the outer louvers 101, creating a strong chimney effect for natural ventilation. This quickly removes the heat stored in the outer glass, achieving nighttime radiative cooling of the cavity and glass. With the inner louvers closed, the indoor air remains undisturbed.

[0115] Mode 3: Passive heating mode in winter

[0116] Outer louvers 101: Closed

[0117] Inner layer upper louver 201: Open

[0118] Inner lower louver 202: Open

[0119] Airflow path: The outer louvers are closed to prevent cold outdoor air from directly entering the cavity and to reduce nighttime radiative heat loss; both the upper and lower inner louvers are open. During the day, solar radiation heats the outer perovskite photovoltaic glass 110. The air inside the cavity is heated, its density decreases, and it naturally rises to the top, entering the room through the upper inner louver 201. The cooler indoor air enters the bottom of the cavity through the lower inner louver 202, is heated, and rises again, forming a stable passive solar-powered circulating heating loop. Because the outer louvers are closed and the hot air inside the cavity rises, cold air is less likely to enter the normally open outdoor ventilation openings at the top and bottom modules, thus maintaining the heating effect.

[0120] Mode 4: Transitional Season Fresh Air Mode

[0121] Outer louvers 101: Closed

[0122] Inner layer upper louver 201: Close

[0123] Inner lower louver 202: Open

[0124] Airflow path: The outer louvers are closed to prevent unfiltered outdoor air from directly entering the upper part of the cavity; the inner upper louvers are closed, forcing the top of the cavity to be sealed. Fresh outdoor air enters through the normally open outdoor vent of the lower module, passes through the air inlet cavity 331, filter cavity 332, and noise reduction cavity 333 in sequence, and then enters the bottom of the middle cavity 500 through the cavity vent 312. Since the top of the cavity cannot exhaust upwards (the inner upper louvers are closed), air can only enter the room through the inner lower louvers 202, forming positive pressure air supply. The existing indoor air is discharged through door and window gaps or independent exhaust vents, achieving unidirectional positive pressure fresh air supply. The filtered air can effectively reduce PM2.5 and pollutant content. It should be noted that although the outdoor vent of the upper module is normally open, because the inner upper louvers are closed and the top of the cavity is sealed, air will not escape from the top, thus ensuring the positive pressure air supply effect.

[0125] Mode switching: All mode switching follows the principle of "close first, then open." First, close the louvers required for the current mode. Only after the actuator is fully in position should the louvers required for the target mode be opened to avoid airflow disruption. The micro stepper motor has extremely low energy consumption and is directly powered by the photovoltaic power generation systems 610 and 620.

[0126] (v) Power generation and energy storage

[0127] like Figure 8 As shown, the DC power generated by the outer translucent perovskite photovoltaic glass 110 is stored in the solid-state thin-film battery pack 620 after passing through the MPPT controller 610. Both the MPPT controller 610 and the solid-state thin-film battery pack 620 are installed in an independent electrical compartment within the outer casing 31 of the upper module 300. This compartment is isolated from the air duct and has a waterproof seal. The positive and negative leads of the photovoltaic glass are connected to the input terminals of the MPPT controller 610 via pre-embedded wires, and the controller's output terminal is connected to the battery pack 620. The battery pack 620 outputs low-voltage DC power to supply power to the louver motor and control system. The system can be configured with a manual main switch or automatic control. The stored electrical energy can be used for low-voltage DC loads such as indoor lighting and sockets, or connected to the building's AC system via an inverter. The system requires extremely low energy consumption only for louver adjustment, and the photovoltaic power generation can completely cover this demand, achieving net-zero energy operation.

[0128] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A green building energy-saving glass wall, installed on the exterior wall of a building, characterized in that, include: Outer glass assembly (100), including a transparent photovoltaic glass panel; The inner glass assembly (200) is spaced apart from the outer glass assembly (100) to form an intermediate transparent ventilation cavity (500). An upper integrated ventilation and purification module (300) and a lower integrated ventilation and purification module (400) are respectively disposed at the top and bottom of the intermediate transparent ventilation cavity (500), and each integrated ventilation and purification module includes: The outer shell (31) is fixed to the building structure and has an outdoor ventilation opening (311) that communicates with the outside and a cavity ventilation opening (312) that communicates with the intermediate transparent ventilation cavity (500). The inner liner (32) is removably disposed inside the outer shell (31), and the inner liner (32) is provided with at least a filter chamber (332), and a replaceable filter element (34) is installed in the filter chamber (332). The first controllable ventilation component is disposed on the circulation path between the outer glass component (100) and the outdoor air; The second controllable ventilation component is disposed on the circulation path between the intermediate transparent ventilation cavity (500) and the indoor air.

2. The green building energy-saving glass wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent photovoltaic glass panel is a transparent perovskite photovoltaic glass panel (110), which includes, from the outdoor side to the indoor side, the following components in sequence: a first ultra-white tempered glass substrate (111), a transparent conductive oxide layer (112), an electron transport layer (113), a perovskite light absorption layer (114), a hole transport layer (115), a back electrode layer (116), a PVB film (117), and a second ultra-white tempered glass encapsulation plate (118); the back electrode layer (116) is a transparent conductive oxide and has a grid pattern.

3. The green building energy-saving glass wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the outer shell (31) is not less than 150mm, so that after the inner liner (32) is completely pulled out, the cavity vent (312) exposes an opening that allows a person's hand or cleaning tool to be inserted into the middle transparent ventilation cavity (500); the inner bottom surface of the outer shell (31) is provided with a plurality of spaced support grooves (330) extending along the length direction for supporting and guiding the inner liner (32).

4. The green building energy-saving glass wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner liner (32) is also provided with an air inlet chamber (331), a noise reduction chamber (333), and an air outlet chamber (334) in sequence along the airflow direction; the air inlet chamber (331) is connected to the outdoor vent (311), and the air outlet chamber (334) is connected to the cavity vent (312); the filter chamber (332) is located between the air inlet chamber (331) and the noise reduction chamber (333); the filter element (34) is a drawer-type structure, including a composite layer of stainless steel primary filter screen, electret electrostatic filter cotton, and activated carbon fiber felt.

5. A green building energy-saving glass wall according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner wall of the noise reduction cavity (333) is pasted with a porous sound-absorbing layer (363).

6. The green building energy-saving glass wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a flexible positioning pin locking mechanism, which comprises: A positioning pin groove (3221) is provided on the front panel (322) of the inner liner (32); The positioning pin body (3222) is slidably disposed in the positioning pin groove (3221); A compression spring (3223) is disposed in the positioning pin groove (3221) and is used to push the positioning pin body (3222) outward; A positioning groove (3101) is provided on the inner wall of the side wall of the outer shell (31) for accommodating the end of the positioning pin body (3222) when the inner liner (32) is pushed into place; An unlocking hole (341) is provided through the side wall of the outer casing (31) and is directly opposite the positioning groove (3101). It is used to insert a push rod to push the positioning pin body (3222) back into the positioning pin groove (3221).

7. A green building energy-saving glass wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first controllable ventilation component is an outer louver (101) embedded in the upper end of the outer glass component (100); the second controllable ventilation component includes an inner upper louver (201) embedded in the upper end of the inner glass component (200) and an inner lower louver (202) embedded in the lower end of the inner glass component (200); the cavity vent (312) of the upper integrated ventilation and purification module (300) is connected to the cavity side of the inner upper louver (201), and the cavity vent (312) of the lower integrated ventilation and purification module (400) is connected to the cavity side of the inner lower louver (202).

8. A green building energy-saving glass wall according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a control system (600), an MPPT controller (610), and a solid-state thin-film battery pack (620); the DC power generated by the transparent perovskite photovoltaic glass panel (110) is stored in the solid-state thin-film battery pack (620) via the MPPT controller (610), and the solid-state thin-film battery pack (620) supplies power to the outer louver (101), the inner upper louver (201), the inner lower louver (202), and the control system (600).

9. A green building energy-saving glass wall according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, By controlling the opening and closing of the outer louver (101), the inner upper louver (201), and the inner lower louver (202), the following airflow organization mode is achieved: Summer daytime heat insulation mode: the outer louver (101), the inner upper louver (201), and the inner lower louver (202) are all closed; Summer nighttime heat dissipation mode: the outer louver (101) is open, and the inner upper louver (201) and inner lower louver (202) are closed; Passive heating mode in winter: the outer louvers (101) are closed, and the inner upper louvers (201) and inner lower louvers (202) are both open; Transitional Season Fresh Air Mode: Outer louvers (101) and upper inner louvers (201) are closed, and lower inner louvers (202) are open.

10. A green building energy-saving glass wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner bottom surface of the outer shell (31) is inclined downward toward the outside, and the bottom of the outdoor vent (311) is not higher than the bottom of the inner cavity.

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