A thermal expansion matching self-tightening composite sandwich light steel keel and its fire-resistant floor slab

By setting up a porous constrained skeleton and gradient porosity design in the light steel keel sandwich layer, the expansion force of the phase change material is utilized to solve the problem of expansion pressure of the phase change material on the steel plate, thereby achieving a high-efficiency improvement in the fire resistance and thermal conductivity of the light steel keel.

CN122304461APending Publication Date: 2026-06-30SHANDONG AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
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Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
SHANDONG AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Filing Date
2026-04-21
Publication Date
2026-06-30

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In existing technologies, the excessive expansion of phase change materials at high temperatures generates excessive expansion pressure on the inner wall of the steel plate, leading to deformation or damage to the light steel keel structure. Furthermore, the phase change materials and the steel plate expand asynchronously, disrupting the interfacial thermal contact.

Method used

The structure adopts a thermal expansion matching self-tightening composite sandwich light steel keel structure. By setting a porous constraint skeleton in the sandwich, the volume expansion of the phase change material generates a clamping force. Combined with gradient porosity design, it matches the non-uniform temperature field to achieve close thermal contact between the phase change material and the steel plate.

Benefits of technology

By effectively utilizing the expansion characteristics of phase change materials, the fire resistance of light steel keel is improved, the fire resistance limit is increased by about 70%, no external driving components are required, the clamping force retention rate is as high as 95%, and thermal conductivity is enhanced at the same time.

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Abstract

This invention discloses a thermally expanding, self-tightening composite sandwich light steel keel and its fire-resistant floor slab. A porous skeleton with a porosity gradient along the height direction is set within the sandwich cavity, and the pores are filled with a phase change material. The hot side has low porosity, while the cold side has high porosity. During a fire, the phase change material melts and expands. The low-porosity region constrains the expansion, generating a compressive force and eliminating interfacial gaps; the high-porosity region provides expansion space. This achieves a self-tightening mechanism of "expansion instead of pressure," requiring no external drive and significantly improving the fire resistance limit.
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