A method and apparatus for coordinating coal and gangue roughing and backfilling of goaf in fully mechanized longwall mining faces.

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and apparatus for coordinating coal and gangue roughing and backfilling of the goaf in a fully mechanized longwall mining face, belonging to the field of green coal mining and underground solid backfilling technology. This invention aims to solve the technical problems in existing fully mechanized longwall mining faces, such as high cost of gangue removal from the surface, significant water waste, limited underground disposal capacity, and delayed goaf backfilling. The method of this invention includes: longwall mining and raw coal transportation, underground coal and gangue roughing, reverse gangue transfer, and dry gangue backfilling in the goaf. The apparatus of this invention includes a coal mining device, a transportation device, a sorting device, a transfer device, and a backfilling device, which work in coordination through an optimized arrangement of scraper conveyors, belt conveyors, gangue removal supports, and a high-speed gangue thrower. This invention realizes an integrated closed-loop process of "coal mining-roughing-backfilling", which allows gangue to be backfilled as it is mined without having to be brought to the surface. This significantly improves the efficiency of gangue disposal, reduces mining costs and water consumption, effectively controls roof collapse, and ensures operational safety. It is an important innovation in the field of green mining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of green mining and underground solid backfilling technology in coal mines. Specifically, it relates to a collaborative operation method and special device for in-situ roughing of coal gangue underground, non-surface transportation, and immediate dry backfilling of goaf areas in fully mechanized mining faces, especially top coal caving mining faces. Background Technology

[0002] Integrated mechanized coal mining, especially top-coal caving mining technology, has become the mainstream method for mining thick and extra-thick coal seams in my country due to its significant advantages such as high resource recovery rate, large production capacity, high degree of mechanization, and relatively low production cost. However, in top-coal caving mining, the crushing and caving process of the top coal is difficult to control precisely, which makes it easy for gangue in the roof strata to mix into the coal flow. This results in a generally high gangue content in the raw coal produced from the working face, typically reaching 15% to 30%. The excessively high gangue content in the raw coal not only seriously reduces the original quality and calorific value of the coal, but also brings high subsequent processing costs, including hoisting, transportation, surface washing, and management of gangue accumulation on the surface. The resulting environmental problems (such as land occupation, water and soil pollution, spontaneous combustion, etc.) have become a major bottleneck restricting coal enterprises from achieving green and sustainable development.

[0003] To address these challenges, several solutions have been proposed in existing technologies. For example, a conventional approach involves transporting gangue produced underground to the surface via the main hoisting system. After crushing and adding water to create a high-concentration slurry, it is then backfilled into the underground goaf through boreholes drilled on the surface. While this method achieves partial backfilling of gangue, the process is lengthy, involving multiple energy- and water-intensive stages such as gangue hoisting, surface crushing, slurry preparation, pumping, and borehole grouting, resulting in significant economic and environmental costs. Another approach involves installing a simple gangue sorting device underground to directly discharge a small amount of sorted gangue into abandoned roadways for temporary storage or permanent sealing. However, this method is limited by the confined space of abandoned underground roadways, resulting in a small-scale gangue disposal that cannot meet the disposal needs of the large volume of gangue continuously produced from the working face. Furthermore, the backfilling effect and roof control capabilities are limited.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a systematic method and device that can enable direct, large-scale, and low-cost underground processing of gangue, and can coordinate with coal mining operations, while effectively controlling the roof of the goaf, so as to fundamentally solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a reasonable, efficient, cost-effective, safe and environmentally friendly method and device for coordinating coal gangue roughing and backfilling of goaf in fully mechanized mining faces, so as to solve the comprehensive technical problems of coal gangue not being lifted to the surface, immediate backfilling of goaf and effective control of roof in fully mechanized mining faces, especially in the process of top coal caving mining.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: This invention provides a method for coordinating the roughing and backfilling of coal and gangue in fully mechanized mining faces with the backfilling of the goaf, characterized by the following steps: The first step is the mining of the working face and the transportation of raw coal: the coal mining machine (18) advances along the working face to cut coal, the top coal support (1) supports the roof and controls the falling of the top coal, the mined coal and the fallen top coal are mixed to form raw coal, and the raw coal is transferred to the ground belt conveyor (8) by the transfer machine (26) in the transportation roadway and then transported to the underground coal gangue sorting equipment (11). The second step is underground coarse coal gangue separation: the raw coal enters the underground coal gangue separation equipment (11) for separation, and the separated coarse coal is output to the coal chute (12) through the discharge port, and then transported to the bottom coal bunker or main hoisting system by the coal conveyor belt (37) in the centralized transport roadway (13); the separated gangue (3) is transported to the hanging belt conveyor (9) together with gangue (37) from other areas through another discharge port. The third step is gangue transfer: the gangue (3) is transferred in the reverse direction by the hanging belt conveyor (9) to the reverse scraper conveyor (7), and then transferred by the reverse scraper conveyor (7) to the hanging scraper conveyor (6) arranged inside the gangue rack (4), and finally transported to the feeding part of the high-speed gangue throwing machine (5). The fourth step is the backfilling of the goaf: multiple sets of the backfilling supports (4) are arranged along the strike of the goaf, and a high-speed backfilling machine (5) is set up for every three sets of supports. The gangue (3) is transported to the receiving port of each high-speed backfilling machine (5) by the hanging scraper conveyor (6), and is evenly scattered into the goaf by the high-speed backfilling machine (5) to achieve on-site dry backfilling of gangue and roof control.

[0007] Preferably, for high-gas outburst coal seams, the sorted gangue (3) is discharged through the outlet and transported together with the gangue (37) from other areas to the suspended belt conveyor (9) at the top of the transport roadway (10); for low-gas outburst coal seams, the sorted gangue (3) is discharged through the outlet to the gangue transport belt conveyor (38) of the centralized transport roadway (13), and at the intersection of the centralized transport roadway (13) and the return air roadway, it is transported together with the gangue (37) from other areas to the suspended belt conveyor (9) of the return air roadway (17) via the transfer machine (26).

[0008] The present invention also provides a coal and gangue co-filling device for fully mechanized mining face roughing and backfilling of goaf after support for implementing the method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it includes a coal mining device, a transportation device, a sorting device, a transfer device and a filling device connected in sequence. The coal mining device includes a coal mining machine (18) and a top coal caving support (1). The transport device includes a ground-mounted belt conveyor (8), a suspended belt conveyor (9), a coal chute (12), a coal conveying belt conveyor (37), and a gangue conveyor (38). The sorting device is a coal gangue sorting equipment (11); The transfer device includes a reverse scraper conveyor (7), a transfer machine (26), and a suspended scraper conveyor (6) installed inside the waste rock support (4); The filling device is a high-speed rock-throwing machine (5); The ground-mounted belt conveyor (8) is located in the transport roadway (10) and is used to transport raw coal to the coal gangue sorting equipment (11); the suspended belt conveyor (9) is suspended on the top of the transport roadway (10) or the top of the return air roadway (17) according to the coal seam gas conditions, and is used to receive and reverse transport the sorted gangue (3); the coal transport belt conveyor (37) is located in the centralized transport roadway (13) and is used to receive and transport raw coal to the bottom coal bunker or the main hoisting system; the gangue transport belt conveyor (38) is located in the centralized transport roadway (13) and is used to receive and transport gangue to the transfer machine (2). 6); The transfer machine (26) is respectively set at the intersection of the transport roadway (10) and the coal mining face and the intersection of the centralized transport roadway (13) and the return air roadway (17), and is used to transfer raw coal to the ground belt conveyor (8) and to transfer gangue (3) to the hanging belt conveyor (9) in the return air roadway (17); The reverse scraper conveyor (7) connects the hanging belt conveyor (9) and the hanging scraper conveyor (6); The high-speed gangue throwing machine (5) is set in the gangue discharge support (4) near the goaf side, and is used to throw gangue (3) into the goaf.

[0009] Preferably, the gangue removal support (4) is arranged in multiple groups along the working face direction. Each gangue removal support (4) is hollow inside. The hanging scraper conveyor (6) is suspended and fixed below its top beam by a chain (29). The gangue removal support (4) also includes a bottom baffle (25), a top guardrail (27), and an upper beam baffle (28) for guiding the flow of gangue, protecting equipment, and preventing the collapse of the top plate.

[0010] Preferably, the high-speed gangue throwing machine (5) includes a hopper (33), two electric rollers, a gangue throwing machine support (30), and a gangue throwing belt. The gangue throwing belt is driven by the two electric rollers. By adjusting the rotation speed of the electric rollers and the elevation angle of the gangue throwing belt, the throwing speed, throwing angle, and landing point distribution of the gangue can be controlled.

[0011] Preferably, the reverse scraper conveyor (7) includes a sprocket (19), a reducer (20), a motor (21), a scraper conveyor base (22), and a baffle plate (23), used to stably and continuously reverse the transfer of gangue from the suspended belt conveyor (9) to the gangue rack (4) area.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom plate of the hanging scraper conveyor (6) is provided with multiple retractable receiving ports. The positions of the retractable receiving ports correspond one-to-one with the high-speed gangue throwing machine (5) below. According to the filling requirements of different sections of the goaf, the corresponding receiving ports are selectively opened to achieve precise feeding of gangue at fixed points.

[0013] Preferably, the top coal caving support (1) and the gangue removal support (4) are mechanically linked by a traction fixing pin (32) to ensure that the gangue removal support (4) can move forward synchronously with the top coal caving support (1) during the coal mining process.

[0014] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: 1. Achieving Green and Environmentally Friendly Waste Management: This invention creatively integrates the roughing, transportation, and backfilling of coal gangue entirely underground, completely eliminating the lengthy and costly processes of hoisting gangue to the surface, surface crushing, water addition for slurry preparation, and backfilling via borehole pumps. This fundamentally eliminates the environmental pollution risks caused by surface gangue accumulation, achieving a green closed-loop disposal of gangue "from where it comes, back where it comes from," representing a significant advancement in green mining technology.

[0015] 2. Significantly reduced costs and resource conservation: Since there is no need to lift large amounts of gangue from underground to the surface, significant energy consumption and transportation costs for main shaft hoisting are saved. Furthermore, the filling method of this invention uses dry mechanical dumping, eliminating the need for precious water resources for slurry preparation and saving on investment and operating costs for surface crushing and mixing equipment, thus greatly reducing the overall economic cost of gangue disposal.

[0016] 3. Achieving coordinated mining and backfilling for timely and effective roof control: This invention closely integrates backfilling operations with coal mining operations in time and space, achieving "backfilling as mining progresses." Gangue is immediately and evenly dumped into the newly formed goaf, rapidly providing support to the overlying strata, effectively controlling initial roof deformation and subsequent collapse, significantly improving the stress environment of the working face and roadways, and enhancing the safety of mine operations.

[0017] 4. High system integration and strong adaptability: Through the ingenious design of the transportation, transfer and filling devices, especially the differentiated arrangement of the hanging belt conveyor (9) (high gas roadway or return air roadway), the whole system can flexibly adapt to working faces with different gas levels and different roadway layout conditions, and has strong versatility and adaptability.

[0018] 5. High filling efficiency and uniform effect: The high-speed rock dumping machine (5) is used for filling, and through the cooperation of the rock dumping support (4) and the retractable receiving port, the rock can be accurately and uniformly scattered in the direction and inclination of the goaf. The filling body has high density and can form a stable filling bearing structure with good roof control effect. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar layout of the present invention applied to high-gas outburst coal seams.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planar layout of the present invention applied to low-gas outburst coal seams.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the construction process of the present invention applied to high-gas outburst coal seams.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the construction process of the present invention applied to low-gas outburst coal seams.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the scraper conveyor and the rock-blocking support in this invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a front view schematic diagram of the overall structure of the backfilling device after the frame is installed in this invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a top view schematic diagram of the backfilling device after the frame is installed in this invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a right-side schematic diagram of the backfilling device after the frame is installed in this invention.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a side view schematic diagram of the backfilling device after the frame is installed in this invention.

[0029] In the diagram: 1-Top coal caving support; 2-Roof collapse gangue; 3-Gangue; 4-Gangue removal support; 5-High-speed gangue throwing machine; 6-Hanging scraper conveyor; 7-Reverse scraper conveyor; 8-Ground belt conveyor; 9-Hanging belt conveyor; 10-Transport roadway; 11-Coal and gangue sorting equipment; 12-Coal chute; 13-Centralized transport roadway; 14-Centralized track roadway; 15-Centralized return air roadway; 16-Air door; 17-Return air roadway; 18-Coal mining machine; 19-Sprocket; 20-Reducer; 21- 22-Scraper conveyor base; 23-Baffle plate; 24-Scraper; 25-Bottom baffle of support; 26-Transfer conveyor; 27-Top guardrail of support; 28-Upper beam baffle; 29-Chain; 30-Rotary waste disposal machine support; 31-Inclined scraper conveyor; 32-Traction fixing pin; 33-Hopper; 34-Fresh air; 35-Stale air; 36-Other areas of gangue; 37-Coal conveyor belt; 38-Rotary waste conveyor belt; 39-Compacted zone; 40-Scattered zone; 41-Rotary waste disposal zone. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] Example 1: Specific Implementation of the Method Combination Figures 1 to 5 This embodiment provides a method for coordinating coal and gangue roughing and backfilling of the goaf in a fully mechanized mining face. The specific steps are as follows: Step 101: Working Face Mining and Raw Coal Transportation In the fully mechanized mining face, the drum of the coal mining machine (18) rotates to cut the coal wall and advances back and forth along the length of the working face. At the same time, the top beam of the top coal caving support (1) is close to the roof, providing reliable support for the working space. According to the crushing condition of the top coal, the crushed top coal is controlled to fall orderly onto the rear conveyor by operating the tail beam and insert plate of the top coal caving support (1). The coal falling from the coal mining machine (18) and the top coal falling are mixed to form raw coal, which is transported together by the transfer machine (26). The transfer machine (26) is connected to the ground belt conveyor (8) arranged in the transport roadway (10). The raw coal is transferred by the transfer machine (26) to the ground belt conveyor (8) and transported outward along the transport roadway (10) until it reaches the feed port of the pre-installed underground coal gangue sorting equipment (11).

[0033] Step 102: Coal gangue coarse separation underground Raw coal enters the coal gangue sorting equipment (11). In this embodiment, a roller screening equipment based on density and particle size difference is used. Under the action of the roller, coal particles with smaller particle size and lower density pass through the roller and are discharged from the coarse coal outlet; while gangue (3) with larger particle size and higher density is intercepted by the roller and discharged from another gangue outlet.

[0034] Coarse coal processing path: The sorted coarse coal enters the coal chute (12). The coal chute (12) is a vertical or steeply inclined cylindrical channel. The coarse coal falls by its own weight onto the coal conveyor belt (37) in the centralized transport roadway (13), and is eventually transported to the bottom coal bunker or directly into the main hoist belt and lifted to the ground.

[0035] Coal gangue processing route: The transportation route of the sorted gangue (3) depends on the gas level of the mine. For example Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, for high-gas outburst coal seams, for safety, gangue (3) is transported to a suspended belt conveyor (9) located at the top of the transport roadway (10). Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, for low-gas outburst coal seams, they can be transported to the suspended belt conveyor (9) located at the top of the return airway (17).

[0036] Step 103: Coal gangue transfer Driven by the suspended belt conveyor (9), the gangue (3) is transported in the opposite direction to the working face along the top of the roadway (i.e., opposite to the coal transport direction). When the gangue is transported to the preset transfer point, that is, above the tail of the reverse scraper conveyor (7), it is unloaded onto the reverse scraper conveyor (7) through the discharge port or plow-type unloader. The reverse scraper conveyor (7) is started, and its motor (21) drives the reducer (20). The reducer (20) drives the sprocket (19) to rotate. The sprocket (19) drives the scraper chain and scraper (24) to move in the closed chute, continuously and stably pushing the gangue forward (i.e., behind the working face) and finally unloading it into the suspended scraper conveyor (6) inside the gangue discharge support (4).

[0037] Step 104: Backfilling of goaf with waste rock The suspended scraper conveyor (6) receives gangue from the reverse scraper conveyor (7) and continues to transport it along the working face direction. On the bottom plate of the suspended scraper conveyor (6), retractable receiving ports are provided corresponding to the positions of each high-speed gangue thrower (5). When filling a section of the goaf is required, the receiving port corresponding to that section opens, and the gangue (3) falls through the receiving port into the hopper (33) of the high-speed gangue thrower (5) below. The throwing belt of the high-speed gangue thrower (5) rotates at high speed driven by two high-speed electric rollers, throwing the falling gangue backward with a certain initial velocity and angle. By adjusting the rotation speed of the electric drum and the inclination angle of the gangue throwing belt, the throwing distance, throwing angle, and dispersion range of the gangue can be precisely controlled, so that it is evenly filled into the goaf behind the gangue throwing support (4), mixed with the collapsed gangue (2) of the roof, and formed a dense filling body, thereby effectively supporting the roof and controlling the movement of the rock strata. With the continuous advancement of the coal mining face and the continuous gangue throwing and filling by the high-speed gangue throwing machine (5), three distinct zones are naturally formed in the goaf along the direction of the working face advancement: the gangue throwing zone (41) near the working face, the intermediate scattered zone (40), and the deep compaction zone (39). Among them, the dumping zone (41) is the area where the gangue has just been thrown out by the high-speed gangue thrower and has not yet been fully accumulated and stabilized, and the material is in a loose and thrown state; the scattered zone (40) is the area where the gangue is naturally accumulated and there are obvious gaps between the particles, and the gangue in this area has not been significantly squeezed by the overlying strata; the compaction zone (39) is the area where the gangue particles are gradually compacted and formed into a solidified filling body with a certain bearing capacity under the long-term action of the overlying strata pressure. The dynamic evolution process of the three zones ensures that the roof of the goaf is supported in a timely and effective manner, and significantly controls the risk of surface subsidence and roof collapse. Each set of gangue discharge support (4) and high-speed gangue thrower (5) work together to realize continuous production of gangue without lifting it to the well and filling it as it is mined.

[0038] In this embodiment, the ventilation route of the working face is designed as follows: fresh air (34) enters from the transport roadway (10), flows along the working face direction through the edge of the coal mining area and the goaf, and after being fully diluted and carrying away gas and dust, it becomes polluted air (35) and is discharged from the return airway (17). This ventilation method ensures air quality and safety during the backfilling and coal mining operations. Example 2

[0039] like Figure 1-5The method for coordinating coal and gangue roughing and backfilling of the goaf in the fully mechanized mining face includes a coal mining device, a transportation device, a sorting device, a transfer device, and a backfilling device connected in sequence. The coal mining device includes a coal mining machine (18) and a top coal caving support (1); the transportation device includes a ground-mounted belt conveyor (8), a suspended belt conveyor (9), a coal chute (12), a coal conveying belt conveyor (37), and a gangue conveying belt conveyor (38); the sorting device is a coal and gangue sorting equipment (11); the transfer device includes a reverse scraper conveyor (7), a transfer machine (26), and a suspended scraper conveyor (6) installed in the gangue removal support (4); the backfilling device is a high-speed gangue throwing machine (5). In addition, the device also includes a ventilation door (16) to ensure ventilation safety in the working area. Through the coordinated operation of the above multiple devices, an integrated process flow from coal mining and gangue sorting to backfilling is achieved.

[0040] The ground-mounted belt conveyor (8) is located in the transport roadway (10) and is used to transport the raw coal mined by the coal mining equipment to the coal gangue sorting equipment (11). After the coarsely sorted coal enters the coal chute (12), it is transported outward by the coal conveying belt conveyor (37) and finally lifted to the ground. The ground-mounted belt conveyor (8) is equipped with a motor drive system, which enables the operation of the conveyor belt. Adjustable baffles are provided on both sides of the conveyor belt, which can effectively prevent materials from spilling during transportation, thereby keeping the roadway clean and ensuring operational safety.

[0041] The coal gangue separation equipment (11) is preferably a roller separator. This equipment separates materials based on the difference in particle size: under the action of the roller, smaller coal particles can easily pass through the roller and enter the coarse coal outlet; while larger gangue particles are blocked and enter the coal gangue outlet, thereby achieving efficient separation of coal and gangue.

[0042] The coal chute (12) is a vertical or inclined transfer channel connecting the coal gangue sorting equipment (11) and the centralized transport roadway (13). Its structure is usually cylindrical with smooth inner walls, and the coal falls smoothly in a closed manner by relying on the weight of the material itself. The coal chute is arranged between the discharge port of the sorting equipment and the coal conveyor belt (37) of the centralized transport roadway, and plays a connecting role to ensure the continuous and efficient transfer of coal from sorting to the main transport link. It can effectively reduce the spillage and dust diffusion during the material transfer process and improve the safety and cleanliness of the working environment.

[0043] The suspended belt conveyor (9) is arranged in different ways according to the different gas conditions of the coal seam: for high-gas outburst coal seams, the conveyor is arranged on the top of the transport roadway (10); for low-gas outburst coal seams, it is arranged on the top of the return air roadway (17). Its main function is to receive and transport the gangue (3) separated by the coal gangue sorting equipment (11), and realize the reverse transport of gangue along the top of the roadway. The suspended belt conveyor (9) is fixed to the top of the roadway by a chain, which does not occupy the bottom transport and pedestrian space, which is conducive to keeping the roadway unobstructed and facilitates the layout of the ventilation system and gas management.

[0044] The reverse scraper conveyor (7) includes components such as a sprocket (19), a reducer (20), a motor (21), a scraper conveyor base (22), and a baffle plate (23), used to transfer gangue from the suspended belt conveyor (9) to the suspended scraper conveyor (6) inside the gangue removal support (4). The sprocket (19) achieves directional cyclic movement of the scraper chain through meshing with the chain; the reducer (20) ensures that the scraper chain runs smoothly at a suitable speed by adjusting the output speed and torque, avoiding material splashing or excessive chain wear due to excessive speed; the baffle plate (23) can effectively limit the lateral scattering of gangue during the conveying process, keep the conveying line clean, reduce the amount of cleaning work, and improve the transfer efficiency.

[0045] The gangue disposal support (4) includes a suspended scraper conveyor (6), scrapers (24), a bottom baffle (25), a top guardrail (27), and an upper beam baffle (28), etc., arranged along the working face direction, with multiple sets of supports working together. The suspended scraper conveyor (6) is used to receive the gangue transferred by the reverse scraper conveyor (7) and continuously transport it to the feed port of the high-speed gangue dumping machine (5); the bottom baffle (25) is set at the lower part of the support to prevent the gangue from falling to the bottom plate during the conveying process and to guide the material into the gangue dumping area along a predetermined path; the top guardrail (27) is installed at the top beam of the support to protect against the impact of gangue that may be caused by the collapse of the top plate, and to ensure the safety of the support structure and the conveying equipment.

[0046] The high-speed gangue throwing machine (5) is arranged on the side of the gangue removal support near the goaf, with one high-speed gangue throwing machine (5) set up for every three gangue removal supports (4). The receiving port of each high-speed gangue throwing machine is a telescopic structure, which can be flexibly selected to be used according to the gangue throwing needs, so as to achieve uniform throwing and filling of gangue in the goaf.

[0047] like Figure 6-9As shown, in the fully mechanized mining face goaf coordinated backfilling device of the present invention, the top coal caving support (1) and the gangue removal support (4) are connected by a traction fixing pin (32). The traction fixing pin (32) can realize the mechanical linkage between the two supports, ensuring that during the coal mining process, the gangue removal support (4) can move forward synchronously with the top coal caving support (1) and maintain a relatively stable support posture.

[0048] The reverse scraper conveyor (7) consists of a baffle plate (23) and a scraper conveyor base (22). The baffle plate (23) can effectively prevent gangue from scattering to both sides during the conveying process. The head of the reverse scraper conveyor is connected to a motor (21), a reducer (20), and a sprocket (19). The motor (21) provides power to the reverse scraper conveyor (7); the reducer (20) is used to adjust the output speed and torque to ensure smooth conveying; and the sprocket (19) drives the scraper chain to realize the reverse conveying of materials.

[0049] The inclined scraper conveyor (31) is divided into two sections: the first section is connected to the tail of the reverse scraper conveyor (7) and is used to lift the coal gangue transported in the reverse direction toward the gangue support; the second section is connected to the hanging scraper conveyor and is responsible for further lifting and transferring the gangue into the hanging scraper conveyor.

[0050] The suspended scraper conveyor is fixed to the bottom beam of the gangue support (3) by a chain (29). Its forward propulsion comes from the drive device of the second inclined scraper conveyor head. On the bottom plate of the suspended scraper conveyor, multiple retractable receiving ports are provided according to the arrangement position of the high-speed gangue throwing machine (5). The corresponding receiving ports can be flexibly selected and activated according to the gangue throwing and backfilling needs of different sections of the goaf, so as to realize the fixed-point feeding of gangue.

[0051] The high-speed waste rock thrower (5) is fixed directly below the corresponding receiving port of the hanging scraper conveyor by the waste rock thrower bracket (30).

[0052] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for coordinating coal and gangue roughing and backfilling of the goaf in a fully mechanized longwall mining face, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The first step is the mining of the working face and the transportation of raw coal: the coal mining machine (18) advances along the working face to cut coal, the top coal support (1) supports the roof and controls the falling of the top coal, the mined coal and the fallen top coal are mixed to form raw coal, and the raw coal is transferred to the ground belt conveyor (8) by the transfer machine (26) in the transportation roadway and then transported to the underground coal gangue sorting equipment (11). The second step is underground coarse coal gangue separation: the raw coal enters the underground coal gangue separation equipment (11) for separation, and the separated coarse coal is output to the coal chute (12) through the discharge port, and then transported to the bottom coal bunker or main hoisting system by the coal conveyor belt (37) in the centralized transport roadway (13); the separated gangue (3) is transported to the hanging belt conveyor (9) together with gangue (37) from other areas through another discharge port. The third step is gangue transfer: the gangue (3) is transferred in the reverse direction by the hanging belt conveyor (9) to the reverse scraper conveyor (7), and then transferred by the reverse scraper conveyor (7) to the hanging scraper conveyor (6) arranged inside the gangue rack (4), and finally transported to the feeding part of the high-speed gangue throwing machine (5). The fourth step is the backfilling of the goaf: multiple sets of the backfilling supports (4) are arranged along the strike of the goaf, and a high-speed backfilling machine (5) is set up for every three sets of supports. The gangue (3) is transported to the receiving port of each high-speed backfilling machine (5) by the hanging scraper conveyor (6), and is evenly scattered into the goaf by the high-speed backfilling machine (5) to achieve on-site dry backfilling of gangue and roof control.

2. The method for coordinating coal and gangue roughing and backfilling of the goaf in a fully mechanized mining face according to claim 1, characterized in that, For high-gas outburst coal seams, the sorted gangue (3) is discharged through the outlet and transported together with the gangue (37) from other areas to the overhead conveyor (9) at the top of the transport roadway (10); for low-gas outburst coal seams, the sorted gangue (3) is discharged through the outlet to the gangue transport conveyor (38) in the centralized transport roadway (13), and at the intersection of the centralized transport roadway (13) and the return air roadway, it is transported together with the gangue (37) from other areas to the overhead conveyor (9) in the return air roadway (17) via the transfer machine (26).

3. A device for coordinating coal and gangue roughing and backfilling of the goaf in a fully mechanized longwall mining face to implement the method described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, It includes coal mining equipment, transportation equipment, sorting equipment, transfer equipment and filling equipment connected in sequence; The coal mining device includes a coal mining machine (18) and a top coal caving support (1). The transport device includes a ground-mounted belt conveyor (8), a suspended belt conveyor (9), a coal chute (12), a coal conveying belt conveyor (37), and a gangue conveyor (38). The sorting device is a coal gangue sorting equipment (11); The transfer device includes a reverse scraper conveyor (7), a transfer machine (26), and a suspended scraper conveyor (6) installed inside the waste rock support (4); The filling device is a high-speed rock-throwing machine (5); The ground-mounted belt conveyor (8) is located in the transport roadway (10) and is used to transport raw coal to the coal gangue sorting equipment (11); the suspended belt conveyor (9) is suspended on the top of the transport roadway (10) or the top of the return air roadway (17) according to the coal seam gas conditions, and is used to receive and reverse transport the sorted gangue (3); the coal transport belt conveyor (37) is located in the centralized transport roadway (13) and is used to receive and transport raw coal to the bottom coal bunker or the main hoisting system; the gangue transport belt conveyor (38) is located in the centralized transport roadway (13) and is used to receive and transport gangue to the transfer machine (2). 6); The transfer machine (26) is respectively set at the intersection of the transport roadway (10) and the coal mining face and the intersection of the centralized transport roadway (13) and the return air roadway (17), and is used to transfer raw coal to the ground belt conveyor (8) and to transfer gangue (3) to the hanging belt conveyor (9) in the return air roadway (17); The reverse scraper conveyor (7) connects the hanging belt conveyor (9) and the hanging scraper conveyor (6); The high-speed gangue throwing machine (5) is set in the gangue discharge support (4) near the goaf side, and is used to throw gangue (3) into the goaf.

4. The coal and gangue co-processing and backfilling device for fully mechanized mining faces according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gangue removal support (4) is arranged in multiple sets along the working face direction. Each gangue removal support (4) is hollow inside. The hanging scraper conveyor (6) is suspended and fixed below its top beam by a chain (29). The gangue removal support (4) also includes a bottom baffle (25), a top guardrail (27), and an upper beam baffle (28) for guiding the flow of gangue, protecting equipment, and preventing the collapse of the top plate.

5. The coal and gangue co-processing and backfilling device for fully mechanized mining faces according to claim 3, characterized in that, The high-speed gangue throwing machine (5) includes a hopper (33), two electric rollers, a gangue throwing machine support (30), and a gangue throwing belt. The gangue throwing belt is driven by the two electric rollers. By adjusting the rotation speed of the electric rollers and the elevation angle of the gangue throwing belt, the throwing speed, throwing angle, and landing point distribution of the gangue can be controlled.

6. The coal and gangue co-processing and backfilling device for fully mechanized mining faces according to claim 3, characterized in that, The reverse scraper conveyor (7) includes a sprocket (19), a reducer (20), a motor (21), a scraper conveyor base (22), and a baffle plate (23), used to stably and continuously reverse the transfer of gangue from the suspended belt conveyor (9) to the gangue rack (4) area.

7. The coal and gangue co-processing and backfilling device for fully mechanized mining faces according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom plate of the suspended scraper conveyor (6) is provided with multiple retractable receiving ports. The positions of the retractable receiving ports correspond one-to-one with the high-speed gangue throwing machine (5) below. According to the filling requirements of different sections of the goaf, the corresponding receiving ports are selectively opened to achieve precise feeding of gangue at fixed points.

8. The coal and gangue co-processing and backfilling device for fully mechanized mining faces according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top coal caving support (1) and the gangue removal support (4) are mechanically linked by a traction fixing pin (32) to ensure that the gangue removal support (4) can move forward synchronously with the top coal caving support (1) during the coal mining process.

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