A vehicle-mounted instant oxygen-generating low-pressure oxygen-enriched combustion engine system and its coordinated control method

Abstract

This invention discloses an on-board instant oxygen-generating micro-pressure oxygen-enriched combustion engine system and its coordinated control method, belonging to the field of fuel engine technology. The system includes an oxygen-enrichment generation subsystem, a micro-pressure oxygen storage and supply subsystem (maximum working gauge pressure ≤0.09MPa), an oxygen-enrichment mixing and intake subsystem, an intelligent combustion feedback subsystem, an external ECU control subsystem, and an environmental adaptive subsystem. The control method includes operating condition identification, closed-loop control of oxygen-enriched intake, coordinated fuel injection and ignition, soft measurement and protection of in-cylinder temperature, and linkage between oxygen generation and storage. It also integrates fault protection logic, cold start preheating control, and closed-loop calibration of oxygen concentration. This invention completely avoids special equipment supervision by using micro-pressure oxygen storage, ensures non-destructive installation and original factory warranty through dual redundancy failure safety, achieves precise in-cylinder temperature control using neural networks, and covers all operating conditions from -40℃ to +70℃ and 0 to 5000 meters with an altitude / temperature adaptive module. Bench tests show fuel savings of 10%-18%, power increases of 8%-15%, and significant emission reductions. It can be widely used in passenger cars, commercial vehicles, off-road machinery, and generator sets with gasoline / diesel engines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy saving, emission reduction and power enhancement technology for fuel engines, and in particular to an on-board oxygen-enriched combustion engine system and its control method that employs instant oxygen production, low-pressure oxygen storage, oxygen-enriched mixing and intelligent coordinated control. Background Technology

[0002] With the escalating global energy crisis and increasingly stringent environmental regulations, energy conservation, emission reduction, and power enhancement of internal combustion engines have become core research directions in the industry. Oxygen-enriched combustion technology, by increasing the oxygen concentration in the intake air, can significantly improve fuel combustion efficiency, reduce harmful emissions, and simultaneously enhance engine power output, making it a highly promising engine optimization technology.

[0003] Existing vehicle-mounted oxygen-enriched combustion technologies mainly fall into two categories: one is the high-pressure oxygen storage type, which stores pure oxygen in an onboard high-pressure oxygen cylinder and supplies it to the engine's air intake system as needed. While this solution offers a fast response time, it presents serious safety hazards and compliance issues—high-pressure oxygen cylinders are classified as special equipment and are strictly regulated by the "Special Equipment Safety Law." Their installation, use, and annual inspections are subject to stringent requirements, and they pose an explosion risk, making large-scale adoption in civilian vehicles impossible.

[0004] Another type is the on-board instant oxygen generator, which produces oxygen-enriched gas on-site through molecular sieve adsorption or membrane separation technology. This solution avoids the safety issues of high-pressure oxygen storage, but has the following key drawbacks: delayed oxygen production response, unable to match the oxygen supply demands of transient conditions such as rapid engine acceleration; oxygen-enriched combustion significantly increases in-cylinder combustion temperature, which, if not properly controlled, can easily lead to serious malfunctions such as engine overheating and knocking; most existing technologies only achieve simple control of oxygen-enriched intake, without deep coordination with engine fuel injection and ignition timing; oxygen membrane separation efficiency drops significantly in low-temperature environments, and the oxygen content of the air itself decreases in high-altitude environments, further deteriorating the oxygen production effect; some solutions require modification of the original engine ECU program or alteration of the engine structure, causing the vehicle's original warranty to expire.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a vehicle-mounted oxygen-enriched combustion engine system that is safe and compliant, responds quickly, controls precisely, is highly adaptable, and can be installed without damage. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0007] To address the aforementioned deficiencies in existing technologies, this invention provides an on-board instant oxygen-generating micro-pressure oxygen-enriched combustion engine system and its coordinated control method. The aim is to solve the following key technical problems: completely circumventing the special equipment regulatory red lines for on-board oxygen storage solutions; resolving the issue of on-board oxygen generation response lagging behind changes in engine operating conditions; precisely controlling in-cylinder combustion temperature to prevent overheating, knocking, and engine damage caused by oxygen-enriched combustion; achieving coordinated control of oxygen-enriched intake, fuel injection, and ignition angle; enabling non-destructive installation of the entire system to ensure annual inspection compliance and the validity of the original factory warranty; and adapting to extreme environments such as low temperatures, high altitudes, and high temperatures.

[0008] (II) Technical Solution

[0009] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a collaborative control method for an onboard instant oxygen-generating, low-pressure oxygen-enriched combustion engine system, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1: Reads engine operating parameters through an external control unit, and divides engine operating conditions into nine categories based on fuzzy logic: idling, low load, medium load, high load, rapid acceleration, cold start, high temperature protection, regeneration, and standby. It also presets target intake oxygen concentration, target air-fuel ratio, and in-cylinder state control thresholds for each category.

[0011] S2: Based on the target intake oxygen concentration under the current operating conditions, the opening of the flow regulating element of the oxygen enrichment mixing device is adjusted using a PID + feedforward composite control algorithm. At the same time, the intake oxygen concentration is fed back in real time through the oxygen concentration detection element for closed-loop correction, so that the intake oxygen concentration is stabilized within the target value ±0.5%.

[0012] S3: Based on the real-time intake oxygen concentration, the engine injection parameters and ignition parameters are simultaneously corrected: in fuel-saving conditions, the injection pulse width is reduced to achieve lean combustion; in power conditions, the injection pulse width is kept constant to improve combustion completeness; and in temperature-controlled conditions, when the cylinder temperature approaches the safe threshold, the injection pulse width is increased to utilize fuel evaporation to absorb heat and cool down.

[0013] S4: The in-cylinder state estimation module calculates the peak combustion temperature in real time. When the temperature approaches the long-term safety upper limit threshold, it prioritizes reducing the oxygen-enriched intake volume and fine-tunes the injection pulse width. When the temperature reaches the warning threshold, it simultaneously delays the ignition advance angle. When the temperature reaches the limit protection threshold or a continuous knock signal is detected, it triggers a failure safety switch, shuts down the oxygen-enriched system, and restores the original factory control mode.

[0014] S5: Based on the pressure feedback signal of the micro-pressure oxygen storage device, synchronously control the operating power of the vehicle oxygen generation module: when the oxygen storage pressure is lower than the lower limit, it operates at full power; when it is higher than the upper limit, it reduces power or stops, maintaining the pressure within the preset optimal range.

[0015] The method also includes three sub-processes: fault protection logic, cold start preheating control, and oxygen concentration closed-loop calibration. The fault protection logic works as follows: when any sensor signal is abnormal, actuator drive current is abnormal, or communication times out, the control unit immediately enters safe mode, cuts off the oxygen-enriched output, switches to factory control, illuminates the fault indicator light, and stores the fault code. The cold start preheating control works as follows: when the ambient temperature is below 0℃, the PTC electric heater automatically starts to preheat the intake air of the oxygen generation module until the engine coolant temperature rises to 40℃, then shuts off and switches to engine waste heat heating. The oxygen concentration closed-loop calibration works as follows: every 10 seconds, the control unit compares the measured oxygen concentration with the theoretically calculated value. If the deviation exceeds ±0.8%, the flow control valve opening-flow mapping table is automatically corrected, and the calibration coefficient is recorded.

[0016] The present invention also provides an on-board instant oxygen generation micro-pressure oxygen-enriched combustion engine system for implementing the above method, comprising: an oxygen enrichment generation subsystem, a micro-pressure oxygen storage and supply subsystem, an oxygen enrichment mixing and intake subsystem, an intelligent combustion feedback subsystem, an external ECU control subsystem, and an environmental adaptive subsystem.

[0017] The oxygen-enriched generation subsystem employs a hollow fiber membrane separation structure for oxygen production. Its inlet end is equipped with a pretreatment component, and its outlet end is connected to a micro-pressure oxygen storage device. The hollow fiber membrane is a fouling-resistant polyimide composite membrane with a temperature range of -40℃ to 120℃, an oxygen-nitrogen separation coefficient ≥4.0, and a produced oxygen concentration of 25%-45%. The pretreatment component includes a filter unit, a dehumidification unit, and a pressurization unit arranged sequentially along the air intake direction. The waste heat utilization unit includes a heat exchange medium pipeline and a three-way solenoid valve. The heat exchange medium is connected to the engine's waste heat source to stabilize the oxygen generation module's intake temperature at 35-65℃. A high-temperature environment bypass is included, automatically cutting off waste heat utilization when the ambient temperature exceeds 50℃. The low-temperature auxiliary start-up unit includes a PTC electric heater located at the oxygen generation module's intake end, with a power ≤50W.

[0018] The maximum working gauge pressure of the low-pressure oxygen storage and supply subsystem is ≤0.09MPa, the volume-to-engine displacement ratio is 1.2-2.5:1, the maximum working gauge pressure range is 0.01-0.09MPa, the pressure detection accuracy is ≤±0.003MPa, and the opening pressure of the safety relief element is 0.1MPa. The low-pressure oxygen storage device adopts a horizontal flat structure, made of metal or engineering plastic, with an anti-oxidation treatment on the inner wall, and an internal spiral buffer flow guide structure and anti-surge baffle.

[0019] The oxygen-enriched mixing and intake subsystem is installed in the engine intake system and adopts a Venturi-type mixing structure, including an inlet section, a constriction section, a throat section, a diffuser section, and a mixing section connected in sequence. The diameter of the throat section is 55%-75% of the inner diameter of the engine intake manifold, and the length of the mixing section is ≥ 4 times the inner diameter of the intake manifold. Two to four oxygen-enriched intake nozzles are symmetrically arranged in the negative pressure zone of the throat section, with the nozzle outlet direction forming a 30°-45° angle with the airflow direction. These nozzles are connected to a micro-pressure oxygen storage device via a high-precision electromagnetic flow regulating valve, with an adjustment accuracy ≤ 1.5% and a response time ≤ 15ms. The mixing section incorporates a zirconia-type oxygen concentration detection element, and the intake end incorporates a multi-layer stainless steel mesh or a one-way valve backfire prevention structure.

[0020] The intelligent combustion feedback subsystem includes an engine speed sensor, an intake air flow sensor, an injection pulse width detection circuit, an ignition advance angle detection circuit, a knock sensor, a coolant temperature sensor, an exhaust temperature sensor, and an oxygen concentration sensor. The in-cylinder state estimation module is a neural network accelerator chip embedded in the control unit, employing a BP neural network model. Input parameters include engine speed, load, intake air flow, injection pulse width, ignition advance angle, knock signal, coolant temperature, and exhaust temperature. The output is the peak in-cylinder combustion temperature, with a measurement accuracy of ≤±60℃.

[0021] The external ECU control subsystem connects to the vehicle bus via the OBD-II interface, supporting CAN, LIN, and KWP2000 communication protocols, and is compatible with various fuel engines, including gasoline / diesel, naturally aspirated / turbocharged, etc. It features a built-in 32-bit ARM processor with an operating frequency ≥120MHz, equipped with Flash and RAM. The control unit does not permanently modify the calibration parameters of the original engine ECU; it only achieves its function by reading original factory signals and outputting auxiliary control signals. The fail-safe switching module adopts a dual-redundant relay parallel design. The normally closed contacts of the two relays are connected in series in the signal path between the original factory ECU and the actuator, while the normally open contacts are connected to the control signals of this system. During normal operation, the relay coil is energized, and the contacts switch to the control of this system; in case of a fault, the coil is de-energized, and the contacts automatically reset to the original factory signal pass-through state; if either relay fails, the other relay can still independently complete the switching.

[0022] The environmental adaptive subsystem includes a GPS module or barometric pressure sensor for detecting altitude, and an ambient temperature sensor. The control unit automatically adjusts the target intake oxygen concentration based on altitude: the target oxygen concentration increases by 0.2% for every 500 meters increase in altitude, but not exceeding 30%; it also automatically adjusts the waste heat utilization and PTC heating logic based on ambient temperature to ensure stable operation of the system in ambient temperatures ranging from -40℃ to +70℃.

[0023] The system is also equipped with safety redundancy modules, including an electrical protection module (overvoltage, overcurrent, and reverse connection protection), a fault self-diagnosis module (continuously monitoring the status of all sensors and actuators), and the aforementioned fail-safe switching module. When the system detects any fault, it immediately shuts off the oxygen-enriched output, seamlessly switches to the engine's original operating mode, and outputs a fault code via a fault indicator light or communication interface.

[0024] The system is compatible with gasoline engines, diesel engines, gas engines, and various intake types such as naturally aspirated, turbocharged, and supercharged engines. It can be used in passenger cars, commercial vehicles, non-road mobile machinery, generator sets, and marine auxiliary machinery.

[0025] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0027] Safety and compliance: Adopting a low-pressure oxygen storage solution, the maximum working gauge pressure is ≤0.09MPa, which completely avoids the red line of special equipment supervision, has no risk of explosion, and can be safely used in civilian vehicles.

[0028] Rapid response: Through the buffering effect of the micro-pressure oxygen storage device, it can provide a large flow of oxygen for more than 15 seconds, fully covering transient conditions such as rapid engine acceleration, and solving the problem of delayed oxygen production response.

[0029] Precise control: By adopting in-cylinder temperature neural network soft measurement technology and three-dimensional collaborative control method, the in-cylinder combustion temperature is precisely controlled within a safe range, effectively preventing overheating, knocking and engine damage.

[0030] Significant results: Bench tests show that it can achieve a stable fuel saving rate of 10%-18%, a power increase of 8%-15%, while reducing CO emissions by 30%-40% and HC emissions by 25%-35%.

[0031] Non-destructive installation: The entire system adopts an external design, which does not require modification of the engine structure, does not modify the original ECU calibration parameters, does not affect the original vehicle warranty, and can pass the annual inspection smoothly.

[0032] Strong adaptability to extreme environments: Through low-temperature PTC heating and high-temperature waste heat bypass, the system can operate stably in ambient temperatures ranging from -40℃ to +70℃; through altitude adaptive compensation, it can operate under all working conditions at altitudes from 0 to 5000 meters.

[0033] High reliability: It adopts a dual-redundant fail-safe design and comprehensive fault self-diagnosis function, and can seamlessly switch to the original factory control mode under any fault condition to ensure driving safety. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of an onboard micro-pressure oxygen-enriched combustion engine system for instant oxygen production. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of an oxygen-enriched mixing device. Figure 3 Hardware architecture diagram of the external control unit. Figure 4 Flowchart of the oxygen-enriched combustion coordinated control method for fuel engines. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0036] Example 1: System structure and bench test data adapted to 2.0L turbocharged gasoline passenger vehicles

[0037] This embodiment provides an onboard, instant oxygen-generating, low-pressure oxygen-enriched combustion engine system adapted to a 2.0L turbocharged gasoline passenger vehicle. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the system includes an oxygen enrichment generation subsystem (1), a micro-pressure oxygen storage and supply subsystem (2), an oxygen enrichment mixing and intake subsystem (3), an intelligent combustion feedback subsystem (4), an external ECU control subsystem (5), and an environmental adaptation subsystem (6).

[0038] The oxygen-enriched subsystem (1) adopts a hollow fiber membrane separation oxygen generation structure, with a processing air volume of 100L / min and an oxygen concentration of 30%±2%. The pretreatment components include a primary filter, a molecular sieve dehumidifier, and a vortex booster pump. The hollow fiber membrane module uses a polyimide composite membrane with a membrane area of ​​2m². The plate heat exchanger of the waste heat utilization system is connected to the engine coolant pipeline on the primary side and to the oxygen generation module intake pipeline on the secondary side. The PTC heater has a power of 50W.

[0039] The low-pressure oxygen storage and supply subsystem (2) adopts a horizontal flat aluminum alloy structure with a volume of 4L (2:1 ratio to engine displacement) and a maximum working gauge pressure of 0.09MPa. The inner wall is treated with epoxy resin for anti-oxidation and has a built-in spiral buffer flow guiding structure. It has a built-in high-precision pressure sensor (accuracy ±0.002MPa) and a safety pressure relief valve with an opening pressure of 0.1MPa.

[0040] The oxygen-enriched mixing and intake subsystem (3) is installed between the engine intake manifold and the turbocharger. The intake manifold has an inner diameter of 60 mm, a throat section diameter of 40 mm (67%), and a mixing section length of 250 mm (4.2 times). Two oxygen-enriched intake nozzles are symmetrically arranged on the throat section, with the nozzle outlet at a 30° angle to the airflow direction. The electromagnetic flow control valve has an accuracy of 1.2% and a response time of 12 ms. The mixing section has a built-in zirconia oxygen concentration sensor, and the intake end has a built-in three-layer stainless steel mesh to prevent backfire.

[0041] The external ECU control subsystem (5) is connected to the CAN bus via the OBD-II interface, uses an STM32F407 processor (168MHz), and uses Omron G5Q-1 dual redundant relays.

[0042] Bench test data (3 sets):

[0043] Test conditions Original fuel consumption (g / kWh) Fuel consumption of this system (g / kWh) Fuel saving rate Original torque (Nm) Torque of this system (Nm) Power Enhancement Exhaust temperature (°C) Knock conditions Idle speed 800rpm 280 238 15.0% - - - 420 none Medium load 2000rpm@80Nm 265 225 15.1% 80 90 12.5% 680 none 5000 rpm at full load 310 265 14.5% 280 315 12.5% 850 Slightly (suppressed)

[0044] The peak in-cylinder temperature reaches 2380℃, which is below the safety threshold. CO emissions are reduced by 36%, and HC emissions are reduced by 30%.

[0045] Example 2: System structure adapted to 1.6L naturally aspirated gasoline passenger cars

[0046] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is as follows: the processing air volume of the oxygen-enriched generation subsystem is 60 L / min, and the produced oxygen concentration is 28% ± 2%; the volume of the micro-pressure oxygen storage device is 2.5 L (displacement ratio 1.56:1); the inner diameter of the main inlet pipe of the oxygen-enriched mixing device is 50 mm, the throat section diameter is 32 mm (64%), and the mixing section length is 210 mm (4.2 times). The rest of the structure is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0047] Example 3: System structure and high-altitude test data adapted to 3.0L diesel commercial vehicles

[0048] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is as follows: the processing air volume of the oxygen enrichment generation subsystem is 150L / min, and the produced oxygen concentration is 35%±2%; the volume of the micro-pressure oxygen storage device is 6L (displacement ratio 2:1); the oxygen enrichment mixing device is installed between the intake manifold and the air filter, the inner diameter of the intake manifold is 80mm, the throat section diameter is 52mm (65%), and the mixing section length is 330mm (4.1 times). The external ECU supports the J1939 commercial vehicle bus protocol.

[0049] High-altitude test data (4000 meters above sea level): Ambient temperature 15℃, original power decreased by approximately 18%. After installing this system, the altitude adaptive module increased the target oxygen concentration from 26% to 27.6%, and the restored torque was only 6% lower than the original value at low altitude, and 14% higher than a vehicle without the system at the same altitude. Fuel saving rate was 12.8%, and exhaust temperature did not exceed the limit.

[0050] Example 4: Cold Start Low Temperature Test Data

[0051] In a -35°C environmental chamber, a 2.0L turbocharged engine equipped with this system underwent a cold start. The ambient temperature sensor detected -35°C, and the control unit automatically activated the PTC heater. The oxygen generation module's intake air temperature rose from -35°C to 15°C within 60 seconds, and the produced oxygen concentration stabilized at 28%. Under cold start idling conditions, the engine speed stabilized at 800 rpm, CO emissions decreased by 35%, and HC emissions decreased by 28%. In contrast, the control group without PTC heating had an oxygen concentration of only 18%, and its engine idling speed fluctuated significantly.

[0052] Example 5: Fail-safe handover test

[0053] When the oxygen concentration sensor signal line was manually disconnected, the control unit detected the fault within 5ms, immediately cut off the power to the dual redundant relay coil, and reset the relay contacts to the original factory signal pass-through state. The engine smoothly switched from oxygen-enriched mode to the original factory mode without the driver noticing anything. After the sensor connection was restored, the system automatically reset and re-entered oxygen-enriched mode. A total of 1000 fault injection tests were performed, with a 100% success rate in switching, and no instances of jamming or switching failure.

Claims

1. A collaborative control method for an onboard instant oxygen-generating, low-pressure oxygen-enriched combustion engine system, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Read engine operating parameters through an external control unit, and divide engine operating conditions into nine categories based on fuzzy logic: idling, low load, medium load, high load, rapid acceleration, cold start, high temperature protection, regeneration, and standby. For each category, preset target intake oxygen concentration, target air-fuel ratio, and in-cylinder state control threshold. S2: Based on the target intake oxygen concentration under the current operating conditions, the opening of the flow regulating element of the oxygen enrichment mixing device is adjusted by using a PID + feedforward composite control algorithm. At the same time, the intake oxygen concentration is fed back in real time by the oxygen concentration detection element for closed-loop correction, so that the intake oxygen concentration is stabilized within the target value ±0.5%. S3: Based on the real-time intake oxygen concentration, the engine injection parameters and ignition parameters are simultaneously corrected: in fuel-saving conditions, the injection pulse width is reduced to achieve lean combustion; in power conditions, the injection pulse width is kept constant to improve combustion completeness; in temperature-controlled conditions, when the cylinder temperature approaches the safe threshold, the injection pulse width is increased to utilize fuel evaporation to absorb heat and cool down. S4: The cylinder state estimation module calculates the peak combustion temperature in the cylinder in real time. When the temperature approaches the long-term safety upper limit threshold, the oxygen-enriched intake volume is reduced first and the injection pulse width is finely adjusted. When the temperature reaches the warning threshold, the ignition advance angle is simultaneously delayed. When the temperature reaches the limit protection threshold or a continuous knock signal is detected, the failure safety switch is triggered, the oxygen-enriched system is turned off and the original control mode is restored. S5: Based on the pressure feedback signal of the micro-pressure oxygen storage device, synchronously control the operating power of the vehicle oxygen generation module: when the oxygen storage pressure is lower than the lower limit, it operates at full power; when it is higher than the upper limit, it reduces power or stops, maintaining the pressure within the preset optimal range. The method also includes three sub-processes: fault protection logic, cold start preheating control, and oxygen concentration closed-loop calibration. The fault protection logic is as follows: when any sensor signal is abnormal, the actuator drive current is abnormal, or the communication timeout occurs, the control unit immediately enters the safety mode, cuts off the oxygen-enriched output and switches to the original factory control, while illuminating the fault indicator light and storing the fault code. The cold start preheating control is as follows: when the ambient temperature is below 0°C, the PTC electric heater is automatically started to preheat the intake air of the oxygen generation module until the engine coolant temperature rises to 40°C, then it is turned off and switched to engine waste heat heating. The oxygen concentration closed-loop calibration is as follows: every 10 seconds, the control unit compares the measured oxygen concentration with the theoretical calculated value. If the deviation exceeds ±0.8%, the opening degree-flow mapping table of the flow regulating valve is automatically corrected, and the calibration coefficient is recorded.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The engine operating condition division and preset parameters in step S1 are as follows: Idle condition: target oxygen concentration 25%-28%, target air-fuel ratio 15.5:1-16.5:1, long-term safe upper limit threshold of peak in-cylinder combustion temperature ≤2300℃; Low-load operating conditions: target oxygen concentration 25%-28%, target air-fuel ratio 15.5:1-16.5:1; Medium-load cruise condition: target oxygen concentration 24%-26%, target air-fuel ratio 15:1-15.5:1; High-load operating conditions: target oxygen concentration 23%-25%, target air-fuel ratio 12.5:1-13.5:1; Rapid acceleration condition: target oxygen concentration 23%-25%, target air-fuel ratio 12.5:1-13.5:1, while temporarily increasing the output flow of the oxygen storage device; Cold start condition: target oxygen concentration 26%-29%, optimize fuel injection timing and ignition timing; High temperature protection condition: When the coolant temperature is >105℃ or the exhaust temperature is >850℃, the target oxygen concentration drops to 21% and waste heat utilization is shut off; Regeneration condition: When the particulate filter needs regeneration, temporarily increase the oxygen concentration to 28%-30% and increase the exhaust temperature; Standby mode: The system enters hibernation mode after the engine is turned off, and the static current is <1mA.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific values ​​of the in-cylinder temperature control thresholds in step S4 are: long-term safety upper limit threshold ≤ 2300℃, warning threshold ≥ 2400℃, and ultimate protection threshold ≥ 2600℃; the in-cylinder state estimation module adopts a BP neural network model, and the input parameters include engine speed, load, intake air flow, injection pulse width, ignition advance angle, knock signal, coolant temperature, and exhaust temperature. The output is the peak in-cylinder combustion temperature, and the measurement accuracy is ≤ ±60℃.

4. A vehicle-mounted instant oxygen-generating micro-pressure oxygen-enriched combustion engine system for implementing the method of any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, include: The oxygen-enriched generation subsystem (1) adopts a hollow fiber membrane separation oxygen generation structure, with a pretreatment component at the inlet end and a micro-pressure oxygen storage device (2) connected to the outlet end; the oxygen-enriched generation subsystem also includes a waste heat utilization unit and a low-temperature auxiliary start-up unit. The micro-pressure oxygen storage and supply subsystem (2) has a maximum working gauge pressure of ≤0.09MPa and is used for buffer storage of oxygen-enriched gas. It has built-in pressure detection elements and safety pressure relief elements. The oxygen-enriched mixing and intake subsystem (3) is installed in the engine intake system. It adopts a venturi tube mixing structure. At least two oxygen-enriched intake nozzles are set in the negative pressure zone of the throat section. It is connected to the micro-pressure oxygen storage device through the flow regulating element. The mixing section has a built-in oxygen concentration detection element, and the intake end has a built-in anti-backfire structure. The intelligent combustion feedback subsystem (4) includes an in-cylinder state estimation module and multiple sensors for real-time monitoring of combustion status; The external ECU control subsystem (5) is connected to the vehicle communication interface to read engine operating parameters and perform coordinated control of the above subsystems. It has a built-in operating condition identification module, PID control module, fail-safe switching module and environmental adaptive module. The environmental adaptive subsystem (6) includes an altitude detection unit and a temperature detection unit, which are used to automatically adjust the oxygen enrichment control strategy. The external ECU control subsystem does not permanently modify the calibration parameters in the original engine control program and has a fail-safe switching module that can seamlessly restore the original control mode in case of failure.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hollow fiber membrane of the oxygen-enriched subsystem (1) is a non-fouling polyimide composite membrane with a temperature range of -40℃ to 120℃, an oxygen-nitrogen separation coefficient ≥4.0, and an oxygen concentration of 25%-45%. The pretreatment components include a filter unit, a dehumidification unit, and a pressurization unit arranged sequentially along the air intake direction. The waste heat utilization unit includes a heat exchange medium pipeline and a three-way solenoid valve. The heat exchange medium is connected to the engine waste heat source to stabilize the intake temperature of the oxygen generation module at 35-65℃. A high-temperature environment bypass is set up, and the waste heat utilization is automatically cut off when the ambient temperature is higher than 50℃. The low-temperature auxiliary start-up unit includes a PTC electric heater, which is set at the air intake end of the oxygen generation module and has a power ≤50W.

6. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The volume ratio of the micro-pressure oxygen storage and supply subsystem (2) to the engine displacement is 1.2-2.5:1, the maximum working gauge pressure range is 0.01-0.09MPa, the pressure detection accuracy is ≤±0.003MPa, and the opening pressure of the safety relief element is 0.1MPa. The micro-pressure oxygen storage device adopts a horizontal flat structure, is made of metal or engineering plastic, has an anti-oxidation treatment on the inner wall, and has a built-in spiral buffer flow guiding structure and anti-surge baffle.

7. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The venturi tube of the oxygen-enriched mixing and intake subsystem (3) includes an inlet section, a constriction section, a throat section, a diffuser section, and a mixing section connected in sequence; the diameter of the throat section is 55%-75% of the inner diameter of the engine intake manifold, and the length of the mixing section is ≥ 4 times the inner diameter of the intake manifold; 2-4 oxygen-enriched intake nozzles are symmetrically arranged in the negative pressure zone of the throat section, and the nozzle outlet direction forms an angle of 30°-45° with the airflow direction; the flow regulation element is a high-precision electromagnetic flow regulation valve with a regulation accuracy ≤ 1.5% and a response time ≤ 15ms; the oxygen concentration detection element is a zirconia sensor; and the backfire prevention structure is a multi-layer stainless steel mesh or a one-way valve.

8. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The intelligent combustion feedback subsystem (4) includes: an engine speed sensor, an intake air flow sensor, an injection pulse width detection circuit, an ignition advance angle detection circuit, a knock sensor, a coolant temperature sensor, an exhaust temperature sensor, and an oxygen concentration sensor; the in-cylinder state estimation module is a neural network accelerator chip embedded in the control unit, whose input pin is electrically connected to the output terminal of the signal conditioning circuit of each sensor, and whose output pin is electrically connected to the input terminal of the PID control module.

9. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The external ECU control subsystem (5) is connected to the vehicle bus via the OBD-II interface and supports CAN, LIN, and KWP2000 communication protocols; it has a built-in 32-bit ARM processor with an operating frequency of ≥120MHz and is equipped with Flash and RAM; The failover safety switching module adopts a dual redundant relay parallel design. The normally closed contacts of the two relays are connected in series in the signal path between the original ECU and the actuator, and the normally open contacts are connected to the control signal of this system. During normal operation, the relay coil is energized and the contacts switch to the control of this system. In case of failure, the coil is de-energized and the contacts automatically reset to the original signal pass-through state. If any relay fails, the other relay can still independently complete the switching.

10. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The environmental adaptive subsystem (6) includes a GPS module or barometric pressure sensor for detecting altitude and an ambient temperature sensor; the control unit automatically adjusts the target intake oxygen concentration according to the altitude: the target oxygen concentration increases by 0.2% for every 500 meters increase in altitude, but not exceeding 30%; the system automatically adjusts the working logic of waste heat utilization and PTC heating according to the ambient temperature, so that the system can work stably in ambient temperatures of -40℃ to +70℃.

11. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The system is also equipped with a safety redundancy module, including: an electrical protection module (overvoltage, overcurrent, and reverse connection protection), a fault self-diagnosis module (continuously monitoring the status of all sensors and actuators), and the fail-safe switching module; when the system detects any fault, it immediately shuts off the oxygen-enriched output, seamlessly switches to the engine's original operating mode, and outputs a fault code through a fault indicator light or communication interface.

12. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The system is compatible with gasoline engines, diesel engines, gas engines, and various intake methods such as naturally aspirated, turbocharged, and supercharged engines. It can be used in passenger cars, commercial vehicles, non-road mobile machinery, generator sets, and marine auxiliary machinery.

13. A vehicle-mounted instant oxygen-generating low-pressure oxygen-enriched combustion engine system, characterized in that, Includes all the technical features of the system described in any one of claims 4-12.

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