Steel form assembly and welding apparatus with automatic calibration

Abstract

This invention discloses an automatically calibrated steel formwork assembly and welding device, relating to the field of steel formwork assembly and welding technology. Specifically, it is an automatically calibrated steel formwork assembly and welding device, comprising a support frame. The upper surface of the support frame is provided with multiple sliding base plates that can move left and right. Each sliding base plate has an arc-shaped support plate fixedly connected to its upper surface. Through the arrangement of the support frame, sliding base plates, arc-shaped support plates, a first support plate, a support hemispherical block, a rectangular limiting barrel, and friction blocks, adaptive avoidance of protruding structures on the inner circumference of the steel formwork can be achieved. This effectively avoids rigid jamming and positioning reference failure caused by protruding structures, ensuring precise fit between the inner arc surface of the steel formwork design reference and the support reference surface. It stably realizes the automatic calibration function during the steel formwork assembly and welding process, eliminating the need for manual pre-grinding and correction of protrusions on the inner wall of the steel formwork, and significantly improving the positioning accuracy and production efficiency of steel formwork assembly and welding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of steel formwork assembly and welding technology, and more specifically, to a steel formwork assembly and welding equipment with automatic calibration. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening of my country's construction industrialization and new construction industrialization, the prefabricated building industry has entered a stage of high-quality and large-scale development. According to the "14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of the Construction Industry" issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, it is clearly required to vigorously promote prefabricated buildings and green construction technologies, and to promote the standardized, factory-made, and intelligent production of building components. Steel formwork, as a core supporting component for prefabricated concrete structure construction, has gradually replaced traditional wooden formwork and bamboo plywood formwork systems with poor turnover and insufficient environmental protection due to its core advantages such as high dimensional accuracy, high reusability, high structural load-bearing strength, and green, low-carbon, and recyclable properties. It is widely used in various cast-in-place concrete structure construction scenarios such as building construction, bridges and tunnels, water conservancy and hydropower, rail transit, and nuclear power projects. Based on the "Technical Specification for Combined Steel Formwork" (GB / T50214-2014) and the "Technical Specification for Safety of Formwork in Building Construction" (GB / T50214-2014), steel formwork is widely used in various construction scenarios such as building construction, bridges and tunnels, water conservancy and hydropower, rail transit, and nuclear power projects. According to the relevant technical requirements of JGJ162-2008, the assembly accuracy and weld quality of steel formwork not only directly determine the appearance, geometric tolerances and structural safety of cast-in-place concrete structures, but also directly affect the deformation resistance, service life and total life-cycle construction cost of steel formwork during repeated use. In particular, for curved formwork systems such as arc-shaped steel formwork and circular pier formwork, the key dimensional tolerances such as coaxiality, roundness and misalignment of joints after assembly are the core indicators that determine the forming quality of curved concrete structures. With the deep penetration of intelligent manufacturing technology into the field of building component processing, the assembly and welding process of steel formwork is gradually upgrading from the traditional manual alignment mode to an automated and intelligent automatic alignment and calibration mode. By replacing manual measurement and adjustment with automated alignment mechanisms, the labor intensity of operators can be greatly reduced, and the accuracy and efficiency of assembly and alignment can be improved. This has become the core technology development direction in the current steel formwork processing equipment field. For example, Chinese invention patent application number 202410079198.0 discloses a high-precision and high-efficiency steel formwork assembly and welding equipment and its welding method. This solution is designed with corresponding center calibration, left and right position calibration and front and back position calibration mechanisms for the assembly requirements of curved steel formwork. It can realize multi-dimensional automated alignment and calibration of steel formwork, effectively improve the positioning accuracy and clamping stability of steel formwork assembly, and solve the industry pain points of poor accuracy, low efficiency and uncontrollable human error in the traditional manual assembly mode. However, in actual engineering applications and factory production, this type of existing technology still has insurmountable technical limitations. Its core defect is that the existing steel formwork support mechanism mostly adopts a rigid surface support structure with a fixed arc support plate. The establishment of its positioning benchmark depends entirely on the complete reference arc surface of the inner circumference of the steel formwork and the support reference surface of the arc support plate to achieve accurate positioning of the center and radial position of the steel formwork. This design is only suitable for standard steel formwork whose inner circumference flatness and roundness meet the ideal design state. However, during the actual production and full life cycle use of steel formwork, various protrusions and local deformations inevitably appear on its inner wall. From the perspectives of metal processing technology, structural design, and on-site use, the generation of such protrusions is objectively inevitable: First, in the production and processing of steel formwork, curved steel formwork needs to be rolled and shaped multiple times by a plate rolling machine. The inherent elastic-plastic deformation characteristics of metal plates will produce a rolling spring effect, which can easily lead to local forming protrusions on the curved surface of the formwork. Second, during the turnover and use of steel formwork, the lateral compressive stress of concrete pouring, the mechanical knocking during demolding, and the bumps and scratches during transportation will all lead to local plastic deformation protrusions and bump protrusions on the inner circumference of the steel formwork. The presence of the aforementioned protruding structure directly leads to the complete failure of the positioning reference of the existing rigid surface support structure. From the perspective of the principle of datum coincidence in machining and the theory of form and position tolerance control, when there is a protrusion on the inner circumferential surface of the steel formwork, the protruding structure will contact the arc-shaped support plate before the inner arc surface of the steel formwork's design reference, forming a positioning failure state where "local point support" replaces "overall surface support". A gap is formed between the reference inner arc surface of the steel formwork and the support reference surface, which in turn leads to radial offset of the steel formwork's center positioning, excessive assembly coaxiality, and misalignment and uneven gaps at the joints of adjacent formworks. In severe cases, the protruding structure and the support mechanism may even become rigidly stuck, making it impossible for the steel formwork to be properly positioned and installed, and completely failing to achieve the equipment's preset automatic alignment and calibration function. To address this issue, the current production process can only pre-process the steel formwork by manually grinding and cleaning protrusions and tapping to correct deformation. This not only significantly increases auxiliary processing time and reduces the overall production efficiency of steel formwork assembly and welding, but also easily damages the surface of the steel formwork base material and the anti-corrosion coating, disrupts the stress balance of the base material, reduces the structural strength and service life of the steel formwork, and results in extremely poor equipment versatility and adaptability to different scenarios. This causes great inconvenience to on-site operators and fails to meet the core requirements of current steel formwork production and processing, which demands multiple categories, customization, high precision, and high efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a steel formwork assembly and welding equipment with automatic calibration, which solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is as follows: To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a steel template assembly and welding device with automatic calibration, comprising a support frame, wherein the upper surface of the support frame is provided with a plurality of sliding base plates capable of moving left and right, and an arc-shaped support plate is fixedly connected to the upper surface of each of the plurality of sliding base plates; the outer circumferential surface of the arc-shaped support plate is provided with a plurality of first support plates capable of retracting into the arc-shaped support plate, and the exposed end of each of the plurality of first support plates is provided with a rotatable support hemispherical block; the bottom end of the first support plate is slidably provided with a rectangular limiting barrel capable of moving left and right within the arc-shaped support plate; and a plurality of friction blocks capable of extending outward are provided within the support hemispherical block.

[0005] Preferably, the upper surface of the rectangular limiting barrel is provided with a second limiting groove, the bottom end of the first support plate is slidably connected to the rectangular limiting barrel, and the lower surface of the first support plate is fixedly connected with a first spring, the end of the first spring away from the first support plate is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the second limiting groove.

[0006] Preferably, the upper surface of the bracket is fixedly connected to both the front and rear ends with support rods, and the lower surface of the sliding base plate is fixedly connected to both the front and rear ends with multiple sliders whose bottom ends are slidably connected to the corresponding support rods.

[0007] Preferably, the outer circumferential surface of the arc-shaped support plate is provided with a plurality of first limiting grooves evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, the rectangular limiting barrel is slidably connected in the first limiting groove, and the left and right sides of the rectangular limiting barrel are fixedly connected with third springs, the end of the third spring away from the rectangular limiting barrel abutting against the inner side of the first limiting groove.

[0008] Preferably, a limiting ring plate is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the first support plate, the bottom end of the supporting hemisphere is rotatably connected to the limiting ring plate, and an annular limiting ring is fixedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the limiting ring plate, with the annular limiting ring being slidably connected within the supporting hemisphere.

[0009] Preferably, the inner bottom surface of the second limiting groove is fixedly connected to a top rod assembly that can penetrate through the first support plate and extend into the support hemisphere. The inner circumferential surface of the support hemisphere is provided with a plurality of protruding limiting posts that can abut against the top rod assembly at one end, and a plurality of friction blocks are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding protruding limiting posts.

[0010] Preferably, a second communication port is provided at the center of the upper surface of the first support plate, and the end of the push rod assembly near the first support plate passes through the first spring and is slidably connected in the second communication port.

[0011] Preferably, the inner wall of the supporting hemispherical block is provided with a plurality of first communication ports, and a plurality of protruding limiting posts are slidably connected in the corresponding first communication ports.

[0012] Preferably, the inner circumferential surface of the supporting hemisphere is fixedly connected to a side ramp block, and the top rod assembly includes a first top rod fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the second limiting groove and a top block slidably connected to the second communication port. A fourth spring is fixedly connected to the end of the first top rod away from the rectangular limiting barrel, and the end of the fourth spring away from the first top rod is fixedly connected to the top block. A second top rod is fixedly connected to the end of the first top rod near the supporting hemisphere, and the end of the second top rod can abut against the side ramp block.

[0013] Preferably, an annular mounting groove is provided at the bottom of the inner circumference of the supporting hemispherical block, the annular limiting ring is slidably connected in the annular mounting groove, and a blocking plate is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the annular limiting ring. A synchronous moving plate is fixedly connected to the end of the inner wall of the annular mounting groove opposite to the blocking plate. Second springs are fixedly connected to both sides of the synchronous moving plate in the circumferential direction. A first movable plate that can abut against the blocking plate is fixedly connected to the end of the multiple second springs away from the synchronous moving plate.

[0014] Beneficial effects This invention provides a steel formwork assembly and welding device with automatic calibration, which has the following advantages: This steel formwork assembly and welding equipment with automatic calibration, through the setting of brackets, sliding base plates, arc-shaped support plates, first support plates, support hemispherical blocks, rectangular limit barrels, and friction blocks, can achieve adaptive avoidance of protruding structures on the inner circumference of the steel formwork. It effectively avoids rigid jamming and positioning reference failure caused by protruding structures, ensuring precise fit between the inner arc surface of the steel formwork design reference and the support reference surface. It stably realizes the automatic calibration function in the steel formwork assembly and welding process, eliminating the need for manual pre-grinding and correction of protrusions on the inner wall of the steel formwork. This significantly improves the positioning accuracy and production efficiency of steel formwork assembly and welding, while avoiding damage to the steel formwork base material and anti-corrosion coating, ensuring the structural strength and service life of the steel formwork, and effectively improving the equipment's adaptability and versatility. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the arc-shaped support plate of the present invention from the left. Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 5 This is a frontal cross-sectional view of the arc-shaped support plate of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a top-view cross-sectional structural diagram of the hemispherical block supporting the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the side ramp block of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the side ramp block of the present invention viewed from below.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Sliding base plate; 2. Arc-shaped support plate; 3. First limiting groove; 4. First support plate; 5. Supporting hemispherical block; 6. Slider; 7. Support rod; 8. Rectangular limiting barrel; 9. First top rod; 10. First spring; 11. Limiting ring plate; 12. Extending limiting post; 13. Friction block; 14. First connecting port; 15. Second top rod; 16. Annular limiting ring; 17. Side ramp block; 18. Second connecting port; 19. Second limiting groove; 20. Annular mounting groove; 21. Second spring; 22. First movable plate; 23. Blocking plate; 24. Synchronous moving plate; 25. Third spring; 27. Top block; 28. Fourth spring. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1 However, during the actual production and full life cycle use of steel formwork, various protrusions and local deformations inevitably appear on its inner wall. From the perspectives of metal processing technology, structural design, and on-site use, the generation of such protrusions is objectively inevitable: First, in the production and processing of steel formwork, curved steel formwork needs to be rolled and shaped multiple times by a plate rolling machine. The inherent elastic-plastic deformation characteristics of metal plates will produce a rolling spring effect, which can easily lead to local forming protrusions on the curved surface of the formwork. Second, during the turnover and use of steel formwork, the lateral compressive stress of concrete pouring, the mechanical knocking during demolding, and the bumps and scratches during transportation will all lead to local plastic deformation protrusions and bump protrusions on the inner circumference of the steel formwork. The presence of the aforementioned protruding structure directly leads to the complete failure of the positioning reference of the existing rigid surface support structure. From the perspective of the principle of datum coincidence in machining and the theory of form and position tolerance control, when there is a protrusion on the inner circumferential surface of the steel formwork, the protruding structure will contact the arc-shaped support plate before the inner arc surface of the steel formwork's design reference, forming a positioning failure state where "local point support" replaces "overall surface support". A gap is formed between the reference inner arc surface of the steel formwork and the support reference surface, which in turn leads to radial offset of the steel formwork's center positioning, excessive assembly coaxiality, and misalignment and uneven gaps at the joints of adjacent formworks. In severe cases, the protruding structure and the support mechanism may even become rigidly stuck, making it impossible for the steel formwork to be properly positioned and installed, and completely failing to achieve the equipment's preset automatic alignment and calibration function. To address this issue, current production processes rely on manual pre-processing, such as grinding and cleaning protrusions and tapping to correct template deformation. This not only significantly increases auxiliary processing time and reduces the overall production efficiency of steel template assembly and welding, but also easily damages the surface of the steel template base material and the anti-corrosion coating, disrupts the stress balance of the template base material, reduces the structural strength and service life of the steel template, and results in extremely poor equipment versatility and scenario adaptability. This causes great inconvenience to on-site operators and fails to meet the core requirements of current steel template production and processing, which demands multiple categories, customization, high precision, and high efficiency. To solve these problems, this embodiment has been invented.

[0019] Please see Figures 1 to 8 This invention provides a technical solution: a steel formwork assembly and welding device with automatic calibration, including a support frame. The structure and core function of this support frame are largely the same as those disclosed in a prior art patent application (application number 202410079198.0) entitled "A High-Precision and High-Efficiency Steel Formwork Assembly and Welding Device and its Welding Method." The improvement of this technology lies only in: optimizing the structure of the arc-shaped support plate in the prior art and adding a supporting structure required for the left and right movement of the arc-shaped support plate. Apart from the above improvements, the steel formwork assembly and welding device with automatic calibration function... The remaining structure, function and working principle are consistent with the prior disclosed technology, so they will not be described in detail. The upper surface of the bracket is provided with multiple sliding base plates 1 that can move left and right. The upper surface of the multiple sliding base plates 1 is fixedly connected with an arc-shaped support plate 2. The outer periphery of the arc-shaped support plate 2 is provided with multiple first support plates 4 that can retract into the arc-shaped support plate 2. The exposed end of each of the multiple first support plates 4 is provided with a rotatable support hemispherical block 5. The bottom end of the first support plate 4 is slidably provided with a rectangular limiting barrel 8 that can move left and right in the arc-shaped support plate 2. The support hemispherical block 5 is provided with multiple friction blocks 13 that can extend outward. The upper surface of the rectangular limiting barrel 8 is provided with a second limiting groove 19. The bottom end of the first support plate 4 is slidably connected to the rectangular limiting barrel 8, and the lower surface of the first support plate 4 is fixedly connected with a first spring 10. The end of the first spring 10 away from the first support plate 4 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface inside the second limiting groove 19. Based on the adaptive compensation principle of elastic floating support, when there is a protruding structure on the inner circumference of the steel formwork, if the supporting hemisphere 5 comes into contact with the protruding structure during the process of the supporting hemisphere 5 providing inner arc surface support to the steel formwork, the overall load of the steel formwork will be concentrated on the supporting hemisphere 5 through the protruding structure. This concentrated load is synchronously transmitted to the first support plate 4 through the supporting hemisphere 5, driving the first support plate 4 to slide directionally into the rectangular limiting barrel 8 along the second limiting groove 19 of the rectangular limiting barrel 8. During the sliding process, the first support plate 4 synchronously compresses the first spring 10. With the help of the elastic deformation characteristics of the first spring 10, the supporting hemisphere 5 can achieve conformal retreat and active avoidance of the protruding structure, effectively avoiding the rigid jamming and positioning reference offset problems caused by local protrusions, ensuring that the remaining support points can still maintain stable surface contact with the inner arc surface of the steel formwork design reference, and fundamentally avoiding the positioning failure condition of "local point support replacing overall surface support".

[0020] Example 2 Based on the analysis of the design of the degree of freedom and the theory of stroke adaptability of the mechanical avoidance mechanism, although the above embodiment can effectively avoid the conventional protruding structure on the inner circumference of the steel template by the retreat of the supporting hemispherical block 5, for the protruding structure with a large radial dimension, relying solely on the single degree of freedom axial movement of the supporting hemispherical block 5 along the direction close to the arc-shaped support plate 2, its effective retreat stroke has an inherent boundary and upper limit. When the radial dimension of the protrusion exceeds the maximum retreat stroke of the supporting hemispherical block 5, the supporting hemispherical block 5 will be unable to complete the full stroke avoidance and will rigidly interfere with the protruding structure. In order to solve the above problems, this embodiment is invented.

[0021] Please see Figures 1 to 8 Based on the above embodiments, the technical solution adopted includes that the front and rear ends of the upper surface of the bracket are fixedly connected with support rods 7, and the front and rear ends of the lower surface of the sliding base plate 1 are fixedly connected with multiple sliders 6 whose bottom ends are slidably connected to the corresponding support rods 7. Therefore, when the sliding base plate 1 is subjected to external force, the sliding pair formed by the slider 6 and the support rod 7 can enable the sliding base plate 1 to achieve stable directional sliding along the support rod 7 via the slider 6; The outer circumferential surface of the arc-shaped support plate 2 is evenly provided with multiple first limiting grooves 3. The rectangular limiting barrel 8 is slidably connected in the first limiting groove 3, and the left and right sides of the rectangular limiting barrel 8 are fixedly connected with third springs 25. The end of the third spring 25 away from the rectangular limiting barrel 8 abuts against the inner side of the first limiting groove 3. Based on the adaptive avoidance mechanism of bidirectional elastic floating, when the rectangular limiting barrel 8 slides to either the left or right from its initial equilibrium position in the first limiting groove 3, the third spring 25 on the same side as the sliding direction will be squeezed by the rectangular limiting barrel 8 and the inner wall of the first limiting groove 3 and undergo elastic compression deformation. At the same time, the third spring 25 on the opposite side of the sliding direction will move synchronously with the rectangular limiting barrel 8, and its end away from the rectangular limiting barrel 8 will disengage from the corresponding inner wall of the first limiting groove 3. This realizes the bidirectional unconstrained floating of the rectangular limiting barrel 8 in the first limiting groove 3, providing additional lateral avoidance freedom for the support structure. The upper surface of the first support plate 4 is fixedly connected to the limiting ring plate 11, the bottom end of the support hemisphere 5 is rotatably connected to the limiting ring plate 11, and the outer circumferential surface of the limiting ring plate 11 is fixedly connected to the annular limiting ring 16, which is slidably connected to the support hemisphere 5. Based on the adaptive adaptation principle of multi-degree-of-freedom composite avoidance, when the protruding structure on the inner circumference of the steel template abuts against the surface of the supporting hemisphere 5, in addition to achieving the first level of avoidance by axially moving the supporting hemisphere 5 along the direction close to the arc-shaped support plate 2, the lateral component force generated by the contact between the protrusion and the supporting hemisphere 5 will be synchronously transmitted to the first support plate 4 through the supporting hemisphere 5, thereby driving the rectangular limiting barrel 8 to slide laterally along the first limiting groove 3, achieving the second level of single-point lateral floating avoidance. At the same time, this lateral load can be transmitted to the slider 6 through the arc-shaped support plate 2 and the sliding base plate 1, driving the slider 6 to slide directionally along the support rod 7, and driving the sliding base plate 1 to achieve the third level of full-structure lateral avoidance. Through the three-level multi-degree-of-freedom composite avoidance mechanism of axial avoidance, point lateral floating, and overall lateral sliding of the arc-shaped support plate 2, redundant avoidance stroke compensation can be formed, effectively breaking through the upper limit of the stroke of single-degree-of-freedom avoidance, and achieving full-condition, interference-free effective avoidance of protruding structures with different radial dimensions and different distribution positions.

[0022] Example 3 Although the above embodiment can effectively avoid the rigid interference problem caused by regular protrusions with different radial dimensions through a three-level multi-degree-of-freedom composite avoidance mechanism, in actual engineering applications, the protrusions generated on the inner circumference of the steel template are mostly irregular in shape and not complete smooth spherical convex structures. They are often accompanied by irregular corners, edges and irregular convex surfaces. Based on the irregular curved surface contact characteristics of tribology, when the supporting hemisphere 5 comes into contact with such irregular protrusions, it is very easy for the lateral jamming force and motion self-locking effect generated by non-uniform contact to cause jamming between the supporting hemisphere 5 and the protrusions. This results in the inability of the adaptive retreat function of the three-level avoidance mechanism to be effectively triggered, and its avoidance effect is greatly reduced. This embodiment is invented to solve the above problems.

[0023] Please see Figures 1 to 8Based on the above embodiments, the technical solution adopted includes a top rod assembly fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the second limiting groove 19, one end of which can penetrate through the first support plate 4 and extend into the supporting hemispherical block 5. The inner circumferential surface of the supporting hemispherical block 5 is provided with a plurality of protruding limiting posts 12, one end of which can abut against the top rod assembly. A plurality of friction blocks 13 are respectively fixedly connected to their corresponding protruding limiting posts 12. The converging ends of the plurality of protruding limiting posts 12 together form a spherical concave surface (this concave surface is not...). (It is complete). The end of the push rod assembly near the supporting hemisphere 5 is a spherical structure, and the diameter of the spherical end of the push rod assembly is larger than the inner diameter of the quasi-spherical concave surface formed by the convergence of the multiple protruding limiting posts 12. Based on the synchronous transmission principle of spherical wedge-in expansion, when the spherical end of the push rod assembly near the supporting hemisphere 5 abuts against the convergence of the protruding limiting posts 12, the multiple protruding limiting posts 12 can be pushed to slide outward synchronously along the supporting hemisphere 5 through the wedge-shaped engagement of the spherical surface and the quasi-spherical concave surface. A second connecting port 18 is provided at the center of the upper surface of the first support plate 4, and the end of the push rod assembly near the first support plate 4 passes through the first spring 10 and is slidably connected in the second connecting port 18.

[0024] The inner wall of the supporting hemispherical block 5 is provided with multiple first communication ports 14, and multiple protruding limiting posts 12 are slidably connected in the corresponding first communication ports 14.

[0025] Please see Figures 1 to 8 A side ramp block 17 is fixedly connected to the inner circumferential surface of the supporting hemispherical block 5. The push rod assembly includes a first push rod 9 fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the second limiting groove 19 and a top block 27 slidably connected to the second connecting opening 18. A fourth spring 28 is fixedly connected to the end of the first push rod 9 away from the rectangular limiting barrel 8, and the end of the fourth spring 28 away from the first push rod 9 is fixedly connected to the top block 27. A second push rod 15 is fixedly connected to the end of the first push rod 9 near the supporting hemispherical block 5, and one end of the second push rod 15 can abut against the side ramp block 17. The second push rod 15 is set through the top block 27, and the top block 27 and the second push rod 15 are in sliding fit. The fourth spring 28 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the second push rod 15, and there is no physical contact between the second push rod 15 and the fourth spring 28. There is no movement interference between the two. At the same time, during the action of the push rod assembly and the extended limiting post 12 forming a fit, the structure that actually forms an abutment fit with the extended limiting post 12 is the end of the top block 27 away from the first push rod 9. An annular mounting groove 20 is provided at the bottom of the inner circumference of the supporting hemispherical block 5. An annular limiting ring 16 is slidably connected in the annular mounting groove 20, and a blocking plate 23 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the annular limiting ring 16. A synchronous moving plate 24 is fixedly connected to the end of the inner wall of the annular mounting groove 20 opposite to the blocking plate 23. A second spring 21 is fixedly connected to both sides of the synchronous moving plate 24 in the circumferential direction. A first movable plate 22 that can abut against the blocking plate 23 is fixedly connected to the end of the multiple second springs 21 away from the synchronous moving plate 24. The first movable plate 22 is slidably connected to the annular mounting groove 20. Based on the contact friction characteristics and the adaptive unblocking transmission principle, when the protrusion on the inner circumference of the steel template is a regular structure with a flat surface, a low-damping relative sliding can be formed between the supporting hemispherical block 5 and the protrusion. With the help of the three-level multi-degree-of-freedom composite avoidance mechanism, the protrusion can be effectively avoided. However, when the inner circumference of the steel template has an irregular protrusion structure with edges and corners, the irregular shape of the protrusion will form a circumferential limiting constraint on the supporting hemispherical block 5, which is very easy to cause contact self-locking and jamming failure. When the supporting hemispherical block 5 forms an internal support for the steel formwork, the overall gravity load of the steel formwork will act on the supporting hemispherical block 5 in the form of a concentrated load through the protruding structure, driving the supporting hemispherical block 5 to move the first support plate 4 axially towards the arc-shaped support plate 2. During this process, the supporting hemispherical block 5 moves towards the first top rod 9 along with the first support plate 4, so that the first top rod 9 and the second top rod 15 extend outward synchronously relative to the supporting hemispherical block 5. At the same time, during the initial placement of the steel formwork to the arc-shaped support plate 2, the static friction generated by the contact between the irregular protrusion and the supporting hemispherical block 5 will drive the supporting hemispherical block 5 to rotate circumferentially around the axis of the first top rod 9. At the same time, in the initial state, the axis of the second top rod 15 is directly opposite the wide end of the side ramp plate 17. Therefore, when the rotation of the supporting hemispherical block 5 synchronously drives the side ramp block 17 inside it to rotate circumferentially, one inclined side of the side ramp block 17 gradually deviates towards the end of the second top rod 15. When the end of the second push rod 15 abuts against the inclined surface of the side ramp block 17, as the supporting hemisphere block 5 continues to move axially backward, the normal contact force between the second push rod 15 and the inclined surface will generate a circumferential component force, continuously driving the supporting hemisphere block 5 to rotate circumferentially around its axis. Simultaneously with the axial feed of the supporting hemisphere block 5, the push block 27 will simultaneously abut against the converging ends of multiple protruding limiting posts 12. As the supporting hemisphere block 5 continues to move axially, the continuous contact of the push block 27 will push the multiple protruding limiting posts 12 to slide outward synchronously along the first connecting port 14. When the protruding limiting posts 12 reach... When the sliding limit position is reached, the continuous axial movement of the supporting hemispherical block 5 will cause relative sliding between the top block 27 and the second top rod 15. The fourth spring 28 is compressed synchronously, and the stroke compensation is achieved through elastic deformation to avoid rigid jamming of the mechanism. At the same time, since the friction block 13 is a hemispherical structure and the diameter of the opening of the first connecting port 14 facing the outer surface of the supporting hemispherical block 5 is smaller than the maximum diameter of the friction block 13, the friction block 13 can only be partially exposed on the outer surface of the supporting hemispherical block 5, thereby limiting the maximum divergent sliding distance of the extended limit post 12 and ensuring the safety of the mechanism's operation. As the extension limit post 12 slides outward, the friction block 13 will simultaneously extend outward from the outer surface of the supporting hemisphere 5. Based on the contact constraint principle with controllable friction coefficient, the extension of the friction block 13 will greatly increase the contact friction between the supporting hemisphere 5 and the irregular protrusion, so that the circumferential rotation of the supporting hemisphere 5 can form a stable load transfer through friction constraint. Then, the first support plate 4 drives the rectangular limit barrel 8 to slide laterally along the first limit groove 3. When the sliding of the rectangular limit barrel 8 reaches the lateral limit position, the power will be transmitted to the arc support plate 2 through the third spring 25, thereby driving the arc support plate 2 together with the sliding base plate 1 to slide laterally along the support rod 7 through the slider 6. Through the above-mentioned linkage mechanism of circumferential rotation unblocking and lateral floating avoidance, the supporting hemisphere 5 can actively break away from the circumferential limit constraint of the irregular protrusion, completely solve the jamming and self-locking problem caused by the irregular protrusion, and ensure that the supporting hemisphere 5 can still achieve reliable unblocking and full-stroke adaptive avoidance when encountering irregular protrusion. Simultaneously, when the supporting hemisphere 5 rotates circumferentially, it will drive the synchronous moving plate 24 to rotate synchronously circumferentially. The second spring 21 on the same side as the rotation direction will be elastically compressed and deformed and store elastic potential energy due to the limiting block of the first movable plate 22 by the blocking plate 23. The second spring 21 on the opposite side of the rotation direction will drive the first movable plate 22 connected to it to disengage from the blocking plate 23. When the external force on the supporting hemisphere 5 disappears, the compressed second spring 21 will release the stored elastic potential energy and push the synchronous moving plate 24 and the supporting hemisphere 5 to rotate in the opposite direction, so as to realize the precise automatic reset of the supporting hemisphere 5. Meanwhile, in the initial balanced state of the mechanism, a preset axial safety gap is reserved between the top block 27 and the converging end of the extension limit post 12. Based on the stroke matching design principle of graded triggering, when the supporting hemispherical block 5 moves axially towards the arc-shaped support plate 2 to avoid the smooth regular protrusion, within the effective avoidance stroke range, the top block 27 will not collide with the converging end of the extension limit post 12, and will not trigger the subsequent ejection action, and will not affect the normal adaptive avoidance operation of the supporting hemispherical block 5 for the smooth regular protrusion.

[0026] In summary, when using this steel formwork assembly and welding equipment with automatic calibration, the arc-shaped steel formwork to be assembled and welded can be directly placed on the outside of the arc-shaped support plate 2. Multiple sets of circumferentially distributed support hemispherical blocks 5 form multi-point stable internal support for the inner circumferential surface of the steel formwork, ensuring that the design reference inner arc surface of the steel formwork is precisely fitted with the support reference surface, providing a stable positioning reference for subsequent assembly and welding. When there are smooth, regular protrusions on the inner circumference of the steel template, the supporting hemispherical block 5 is driven by a concentrated load, which causes the first supporting plate 4 to slide axially along the second limiting groove 19 of the rectangular limiting barrel 8 toward the direction of the arc-shaped supporting plate 2. Simultaneously, the first spring 10 is compressed to achieve single-degree-of-freedom adaptive retreat and avoidance, ensuring that the remaining support points are still stably attached to the inner arc surface of the steel template reference, and avoiding the failure of the positioning reference. When there are large radial protrusions on the inner circumference of the steel template, in addition to the axial retraction of the supporting hemispherical block 5, the lateral component force generated by the contact of the protrusion will drive the rectangular limiting barrel 8 to float laterally along the first limiting groove 3 through the first support plate 4. This, combined with the elastic deformation of the third spring 25, achieves the second level of single-point lateral avoidance. When the lateral load exceeds the single-point floating limit, it will be transmitted to the slider 6 through the arc-shaped support plate 2 and the sliding base plate 1, driving the slider 6 to slide laterally along the support rod 7 and the arc-shaped support plate 2 as a whole, achieving the third level of full-structure lateral avoidance. Through the three-level multi-degree-of-freedom composite avoidance mechanism, redundant stroke compensation is formed, completely breaking through the upper limit of the single-degree-of-freedom retraction stroke, and achieving interference-free avoidance of large-size protrusions. When there are irregular protrusions with sharp edges and corners on the inner circumferential surface of the steel template, the contact friction between the protrusions and the supporting hemispherical block 5 will drive the supporting hemispherical block 5 to generate an initial circumferential rotation, which will cause the side ramp block 17 and the second top rod 15 to form an inclined surface cooperation, converting the axial feed of the supporting hemispherical block 5 into continuous circumferential rotation. At the same time, the top block 27 pushes the extended limiting post 12 to slide outward along the first connecting port 14, causing the friction block 13 to be exposed and extended to enhance the contact friction, so that the circumferential rotation of the supporting hemispherical block 5 can stably drive the rectangular limiting barrel 8 and the sliding base plate 1 to complete the lateral avoidance in sequence, actively get rid of the circumferential jamming constraint of the irregular protrusion, and ensure the effective triggering of the avoidance function. After the steel formwork is assembled and welded and the load is removed, the first spring 10, the second spring 21, the third spring 25, and the fourth spring 28, which were deformed under pressure, will simultaneously release their elastic potential energy, driving each moving part to accurately reset to its initial equilibrium state, preparing for the next operation. Therefore, through the linkage design of elastic floating support, three-level composite avoidance, and adaptive rotation and unblocking, the industry pain points of existing rigid support structures caused by the protrusion of the inner wall of the steel formwork, such as positioning benchmark failure, rigid jamming, and failure to trigger the automatic calibration function, are fundamentally solved. There is no need for manual pre-grinding and correction work, which greatly reduces auxiliary processing time, avoids damage to the steel formwork base material and anti-corrosion coating, effectively ensures the structural strength and turnover service life of the steel formwork, and greatly improves the scene adaptability and versatility of the equipment, which can fully meet the core needs of current steel formwork production and processing for multiple categories, customization, high precision, and high efficiency.

[0027] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," which indicate direction or positional relationships, are based on the direction or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These are used merely for ease of description and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0029] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A steel template assembly welding apparatus with automatic calibration comprising a support characterized in that: The upper surface of the bracket is provided with multiple sliding base plates (1) that can move left and right. The upper surface of each sliding base plate (1) is fixedly connected with an arc-shaped support plate (2). The outer circumferential surface of the arc-shaped support plate (2) is provided with multiple first support plates (4) that can retract into the arc-shaped support plate (2). The exposed end of each of the multiple first support plates (4) is provided with a rotatable support hemisphere block (5). The bottom end of the first support plate (4) is slidably provided with a rectangular limiting barrel (8) that can move left and right within the arc-shaped support plate (2). The support hemisphere block (5) is provided with multiple friction blocks (13) that can extend outward.

2. The steel formwork assembly and welding equipment with automatic calibration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the rectangular limiting barrel (8) is provided with a second limiting groove (19). The bottom end of the first support plate (4) is slidably connected in the rectangular limiting barrel (8), and the lower surface of the first support plate (4) is fixedly connected with a first spring (10). The end of the first spring (10) away from the first support plate (4) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the second limiting groove (19).

3. The steel formwork assembly and welding equipment with automatic calibration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper surface of the bracket is fixedly connected to the front and rear ends of the support rod (7), and the lower surface of the sliding base plate (1) is fixedly connected to the front and rear ends of the slider (6) with its bottom end slidably connected to the corresponding support rod (7).

4. The steel formwork assembly and welding equipment with automatic calibration according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer circumferential surface of the arc-shaped support plate (2) is uniformly provided with multiple first limiting grooves (3). The rectangular limiting barrel (8) is slidably connected in the first limiting groove (3), and the left and right sides of the rectangular limiting barrel (8) are fixedly connected with third springs (25). The end of the third spring (25) away from the rectangular limiting barrel (8) abuts against the inner side of the first limiting groove (3).

5. The steel formwork assembly and welding equipment with automatic calibration according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper surface of the first support plate (4) is fixedly connected to a limiting ring plate (11), the bottom end of the support hemisphere block (5) is rotatably connected to the limiting ring plate (11), and an annular limiting ring (16) is fixedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the limiting ring plate (11). The annular limiting ring (16) is slidably connected inside the support hemisphere block (5).

6. The steel formwork assembly and welding equipment with automatic calibration according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner bottom surface of the second limiting groove (19) is fixedly connected to a top rod assembly that can penetrate through the first support plate (4) and extend into the support hemisphere (5). The inner circumferential surface of the support hemisphere (5) is provided with a plurality of protruding limiting posts (12) that can abut against the top rod assembly at one end, and a plurality of friction blocks (13) are fixedly connected to the corresponding protruding limiting posts (12).

7. The steel formwork assembly and welding equipment with automatic calibration according to claim 6, characterized in that: The center of the upper surface of the first support plate (4) is provided with a second communication port (18), and the end of the top rod assembly near the first support plate (4) passes through the first spring (10) and is slidably connected in the second communication port (18).

8. The steel formwork assembly and welding equipment with automatic calibration according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner wall of the supporting hemispherical block (5) is provided with multiple first communication ports (14), and multiple protruding limiting posts (12) are slidably connected in the corresponding first communication ports (14).

9. The steel formwork assembly and welding equipment with automatic calibration according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inner circumferential surface of the supporting hemisphere (5) is fixedly connected to a side ramp block (17). The top rod assembly includes a first top rod (9) fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the second limiting groove (19) and a top block (27) slidably connected to the second communication port (18). A fourth spring (28) is fixedly connected to one end of the first top rod (9) away from the rectangular limiting barrel (8), and the end of the fourth spring (28) away from the first top rod (9) is fixedly connected to the top block (27). A second top rod (15) is fixedly connected to one end of the first top rod (9) near the supporting hemisphere (5), which can abut against the side ramp block (17).

10. A steel formwork assembly and welding equipment with automatic calibration according to claim 9, characterized in that: The bottom of the inner circumferential surface of the supporting hemispherical block (5) is provided with an annular mounting groove (20). The annular limiting ring (16) is slidably connected in the annular mounting groove (20), and a blocking plate (23) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the annular limiting ring (16). A synchronous moving plate (24) is fixedly connected to the end of the inner wall of the annular mounting groove (20) opposite to the blocking plate (23). A second spring (21) is fixedly connected to both sides of the synchronous moving plate (24) in the circumferential direction. A first movable plate (22) that can abut against the blocking plate (23) is fixedly connected to the end of the multiple second springs (21) away from the synchronous moving plate (24).

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