A special vertical kiln for roasting friable ores with lump separation

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of kiln technology, and in particular to a vertical kiln specifically designed for roasting fragile ores using a powder-block separation method. The separation channel in this invention is composed of a centralized hopper, a rotary separation component, a heat-insulated conveying channel, and a power component working together. Preheated ore falls into the centralized hopper and slides down onto the surface of a rotating conical hood. Under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, larger lumps of ore roll down the inclined surface of the conical hood and enter the roasting zone for normal calcination through the gap between them and the kiln wall. Simultaneously, the resulting fine powder is effectively screened out through several inclined grooves on the surface of the conical hood and falls into the connecting hopper below. This avoids the mixing of powder and lumps in the high-temperature roasting zone, eliminating problems such as uneven ventilation resistance and airflow short-circuiting caused by this. It creates prerequisites for the uniform and stable roasting of lumpy ore and significantly improves the stability of the kiln's thermal regime.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of kiln technology, specifically to a vertical kiln for roasting fragile ores using a powder-block separation method. Background Technology

[0002] Fragile ores refer to ores that, during roasting, exhibit significant cracking or pulverization due to thermal stress. Typical examples include magnesite and limestone. When heated, these ores differ in their internal crystal structure, grain size, and bonding tightness, resulting in varying abilities to absorb thermal expansion, directly affecting their morphological integrity after roasting. Taking metallurgical lime as an example, fine-grained limestone is currently widely used. Its small grain size and relatively loose structure allow it to effectively buffer thermal expansion during roasting in vertical kilns, maintaining its blocky shape and meeting the requirements of subsequent smelting processes. Conversely, coarse-grained limestone, with its tightly bonded grains and weak thermal expansion buffering capacity, is prone to internal stress concentration during calcination, leading to ore breakage or even pulverization. Existing vertical kilns are ill-suited for handling such materials.

[0003] These fragile ores are prone to generating a large amount of powder during their descent in the kiln due to compression, friction, and thermal explosion. The mixture of powder and lumps leads to uneven ventilation, increased airflow resistance, local over- or under-burning, and severe agglomeration (ringing) of the finished product. Ultimately, this results in low product qualification rate, high energy consumption, and short operating cycle. The conventional solution is to strictly screen the ore before it enters the kiln, but this will result in the inability to utilize the powder and waste of resources; or to install simple baffles in the kiln, but these are prone to clogging and cannot achieve continuous production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a vertical kiln for roasting fragile ores with powder-block separation, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a vertical kiln for roasting fragile ores with powder-block separation, comprising a kiln body, and further comprising: Material conveying equipment is used to transport materials into the interior of the vertical kiln body; The separate channel passes through the preheating zone and the firing zone inside the vertical kiln body. The separate channel is rotatable, and its lowest point is located in the firing zone inside the vertical kiln body.

[0006] Preferably, the separate channel includes: The concentrated hopper is located at the junction of the preheating zone and the firing zone inside the vertical kiln body; A rotary separation assembly, which is conical in design and positioned below the collection hopper; The insulated conveying channel is designed with heat-insulating material and is connected to the bottom of the rotary separation component; A power assembly for providing rotational power to the rotary separation assembly; A tapping component is used to tap the inside of the rotary separation component to assist in preventing blockage.

[0007] Preferably, the rotary separation assembly consists of a conical cover, inclined grooves, and bearing rings. The conical cover is located below the collection hopper and has an overall conical design. The number of inclined grooves is several and they are formed on the surface of the conical cover.

[0008] Preferably, the outer diameter of the bottom of the conical cover is larger than the inner diameter of the bottom of the concentrator.

[0009] Preferably, the power assembly includes: The housing is bolted to the surface of the material conveying equipment; Support, bolted to the inside of the housing; The drive rod extends into the interior of the vertical kiln body and is bolted to the top of the conical shroud; A drive motor is fixed to the top of the support and is used to drive the transmission rod to rotate; The first gear is fixed to the output shaft of the drive motor; The second gear is bolted above the surface of the transmission rod and meshes with the first gear.

[0010] Preferably, both the first gear and the second gear are bevel gears, and the size of the first gear is smaller than the size of the second gear.

[0011] Preferably, the heat-insulated conveying channel includes: A heat-insulating vertical channel is located below the conical cover on the side away from the transmission rod, and the heat-insulating vertical channel is made of heat-insulating material; A fixing sleeve is fitted onto the surface of the thermal insulation vertical channel; Two sets of connecting columns are welded to both sides of the fixing sleeve. The connecting columns are fixed to the inner wall of the vertical kiln body. The cooperation between the connecting columns and the fixing sleeve fixes the heat insulation vertical channel. The connecting bucket is connected to the top of the heat-insulating vertical channel, and the bearing ring is fixed to the bottom of the conical cover. The connecting bucket is rotatably connected to the conical cover through the bearing ring. The spiral conveyor component uses a method similar to that of an auger conveyor to transport powder entering the insulated vertical channel.

[0012] Preferably, the spiral conveying component consists of a rotating rod, spiral blades, and a bearing seat. The bearing seat is fixed below the surface of the heat-insulating vertical channel. The top end of the rotating rod is bolted to the conical cover, the bottom end of the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the bearing seat, and the spiral blades are bolted to the surface of the rotating rod.

[0013] Preferably, the heat-insulating vertical channel is made of a metal pipe filled with ceramic fiber material, and the ratio of the total length of the connecting hopper, the heat-insulating vertical channel and the conical cover to the vertical height of the firing zone of the vertical kiln body is 1:2 to 3.

[0014] Preferably, the striking component includes: Several protrusions are attached to the top of the connecting bucket; The number of sliding sleeves is the same as the number of protrusions and they are bolted to the inside of the conical cover; The movable column has a square cross-section and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding sleeve; The connecting rod is bolted to the top of the movable column, and the whole is designed to be inclined. Several impact blocks are fixed to the surface of the connecting rod. A limiting block is bolted to the surface of the movable column.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The separation channel in this invention is composed of a centralized hopper, a rotary separation component, a heat-insulated conveying channel, and a power component. The preheated ore falls into the centralized hopper and slides down onto the surface of the rotating conical hood. Under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, the larger blocky ore rolls down along the inclined surface of the conical hood and enters the roasting zone for normal calcination through the gap between it and the kiln wall. At the same time, the fine powder produced is effectively screened out through several inclined grooves opened on the surface of the conical hood and falls into the connecting hopper below. This avoids the mixing of powder and blocky material in the high-temperature roasting zone and eliminates problems such as uneven ventilation resistance and airflow short-circuiting caused by this. It creates the prerequisite for uniform and stable roasting of blocky ore and significantly improves the stability of the thermal regime in the kiln.

[0016] 2. In this invention, the powder passing through the connecting hopper immediately enters the heat-insulating vertical channel made of metal pipes filled with ceramic fibers, effectively isolating it from the high temperature of the external calcining zone. At the same time, the spiral conveying component, which rotates synchronously with the conical cover, rapidly conveys the powder downwards in the channel, allowing it to pass through the high-temperature calcining zone in a very short time and finally exit from the outlet at the end of the calcining zone. This significantly shortens the heating time of the powder, avoiding severe over-burning, melting and agglomeration, or adhesion to the kiln wall to form rings caused by the powder being in the high-temperature zone for a long time.

[0017] 3. The striking component in this invention can operate in accordance with the rotation of the conical cover, driving the impact block to strike the inner side of the conical cover, breaking or dislodging small ore stones stuck there, thus preventing the inclined channel from becoming blocked. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the vertical kiln body in this invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the split channel in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the conical cover and the heat-insulating vertical channel in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the lower structure of the conical cover in this invention; Figure 7 In this invention Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting bucket and its surface in this invention; Figure 9 This is a partial structural diagram of the striking component in this invention; Figure 10 This is a bottom view of the thermal insulation vertical channel in this invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 100, vertical kiln body; 200, material conveying equipment; 300, separating channel; 310, centralized hopper; 320, rotary separating component; 321, conical cover; 322, inclined chute; 323, bearing ring; 330, insulated conveying channel; 331, insulated vertical channel; 332, fixed sleeve; 333, connecting column; 334, spiral conveying component; 334a, rotating rod; 334b, spiral blade; 334c, bearing seat; 335, connecting hopper; 340, power component; 341, housing; 342, support; 343, drive motor; 344, first gear; 345, second gear; 346, transmission rod; 350, striking component; 351, protrusion; 352, sliding sleeve; 353, movable column; 354, connecting rod; 355, impact block; 356, limiting block. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figures 1-10As shown, a vertical kiln for roasting fragile ores with powder-block separation includes a kiln body 100, a material conveying device 200, and a separation channel 300. The material conveying device 200 is used to convey materials to the interior of the kiln body 100. The separation channel 300 passes through the preheating zone and roasting zone inside the kiln body 100. The rotary separation component 320 is rotatable, and the lowest part of the rotary separation component 320 is located in the roasting zone inside the kiln body 100.

[0022] Specifically, the separation channel 300 includes a centralized hopper 310, a rotary separation component 320, a heat-insulated conveying channel 330, a power component 340, and a striking component 350. The centralized hopper 310 is located at the junction of the preheating zone and the firing zone inside the vertical kiln body 100. The rotary separation component 320 has a conical design and is located below the centralized hopper 310. The heat-insulated conveying channel 330 is designed with heat-insulating material and is connected to the bottom of the rotary separation component 320. The power component 340 is used to provide rotational power to the rotary separation component 320. The striking component 350 is used to strike the inner side of the rotary separation component 320 to assist in preventing blockage.

[0023] Furthermore, the rotary separation assembly 320 consists of a conical cover 321, inclined grooves 322, and bearing rings 323. The conical cover 321 is located below the collection hopper 310. The conical cover 321 has an overall conical design. There are several inclined grooves 322 on the surface of the conical cover 321. The outer diameter of the bottom of the conical cover 321 is larger than the inner diameter of the bottom of the collection hopper 310. The ore falling from the collection hopper 310 will not fall directly onto the outside of the conical cover 321.

[0024] Furthermore, the power assembly 340 includes a housing 341, a support 342, a transmission rod 346, a drive motor 343, a first gear 344, and a second gear 345. The housing 341 is bolted to the surface of the material conveying equipment 200, the support 342 is bolted to the inside of the housing 341, the transmission rod 346 extends into the interior of the vertical kiln body 100 and is bolted to the top of the conical cover 321, the drive motor 343 is fixed to the top of the support 342 and is used to drive the transmission rod 346 to rotate, the first gear 344 is fixed to the output shaft of the drive motor 343, and the second gear 345 is bolted above the surface of the transmission rod 346 and meshes with the first gear 344. Both the first gear 344 and the second gear 345 are bevel gears, and the size of the first gear 344 is smaller than the size of the second gear 345. The smaller gear drives the larger gear, thereby saving effort for the drive motor 343.

[0025] The insulated conveying channel 330 includes an insulated vertical channel 331, a fixing sleeve 332, connecting columns 333, and a spiral conveying component 334. The insulated vertical channel 331 is located below the conical cover 321 on the side away from the transmission rod 346. The insulated vertical channel 331 is made of insulation material and is a metal tube filled with ceramic fiber material. Ceramic fiber is lightweight, has excellent thermal insulation properties, low thermal conductivity, and can withstand temperatures up to 1400℃ or higher, effectively isolating the high temperature outside the insulated vertical channel 331. The fixing sleeve 332 is fitted onto the surface of the insulated vertical channel 331. The number of connecting columns 333 is two sets and they are arranged separately. The connecting column 333 is fixed to the inner wall of the vertical kiln body 100 and welded to the fixed sleeve 332. The connection column 333 and the fixed sleeve 332 fix the heat insulation vertical channel 331. The connecting bucket 335 is connected to the top of the heat insulation vertical channel 331. The bearing ring 323 is fixed to the bottom of the conical cover 321. The connecting bucket 335 is rotatably connected to the conical cover 321 through the bearing ring 323. The connecting bucket 335 will not hinder the rotation of the conical cover 321 and is fixed to each other. The spiral conveying component 334 conveys the powder entering the heat insulation vertical channel 331 in a manner similar to that of an auger conveyor.

[0026] Furthermore, the spiral conveying component 334 is composed of a rotating rod 334a, a spiral blade 334b, and a bearing seat 334c. The bearing seat 334c is fixed below the surface of the heat-insulating vertical channel 331. The top end of the rotating rod 334a is bolted to the conical cover 321, and the bottom end of the rotating rod 334a is rotatably connected to the bearing seat 334c. The spiral blade 334b ​​is bolted to the surface of the rotating rod 334a. The ratio of the total length of the connecting bucket 335, the heat-insulating vertical channel 331, and the conical cover 321 to the vertical height of the firing zone of the vertical kiln body 100 is 1:2 to 3.

[0027] Working principle: During operation, materials enter the interior of the vertical kiln body 100 via the material conveying equipment 200. The preheating zone, sintering zone, and cooling zone of the vertical kiln body 100 each have their own fans. The ore falls from the preheating zone onto the surface of the concentrator 310, and then from the concentrator 310 onto the surface of the conical shroud 321. Simultaneously, the drive motor 343 is activated, which drives the transmission rod 346 to rotate via the first gear 344 and the second gear 345. The transmission rod 346 drives the conical shroud 321 to rotate, causing the ore that has fallen onto the surface of the conical shroud 321 to roll off and enter the sintering zone through the gap between the conical shroud 321 and the inner wall of the vertical kiln body 100. Meanwhile, the powder can pass through... The powder enters the connecting hopper 335 through the inclined chute 322. At the same time, the conical cover 321 drives the rotating rod 334a and the spiral blade 334b ​​to rotate. The powder passing through the connecting hopper 335 enters the interior of the heat-insulating vertical channel 331 and is conveyed downward under the action of the spiral blade 334b. The powder inside the heat-insulating vertical channel 331 does not come into contact with the high temperature inside the sintering zone and is finally discharged from the lower end of the heat-insulating vertical channel 331 and enters the end of the sintering zone inside the heat-insulating vertical channel 331. The calcination time is reduced by almost half, reducing the calcination time of the powder, while the whole ore undergoes a complete calcination process. This can avoid local over-burning or under-burning caused by ore powder, and serious agglomeration of the finished product.

[0028] Because the inclined groove 322 on the surface of the conical cover 321 can easily trap small or localized pieces of ore, a striking component 350 is designed. The striking component 350 includes protrusions 351, sliding sleeves 352, movable columns 353, connecting rods 354, impact blocks 355, and limiting blocks 356. Several protrusions 351 are bolted to the top of the connecting bucket 335. The number of sliding sleeves 352 is the same as the number of protrusions 351 and they are bolted to the inner side of the conical cover 321. The movable column 353 has a square cross-section and slides along the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 352. The connecting rod 354 is bolted to the top of the movable column 353 and is designed with an incline to accommodate the inclined surface of the conical cover 321. Several impact blocks 355 are fixed to the connecting rod. On the surface of 354, the limiting block 356 is bolted to the surface of the movable column 353. During the rotation of the conical cover 321, the connecting bucket 335 is fixed, and the conical cover 321 can drive the movable column 353, the connecting rod 354 and the impact block 355 to make circular motion through the sliding sleeve 352. The movable column 353 initially contacts the top of the connecting bucket 335 and slides under the action of gravity. When the movable column 353 contacts the protrusion 351, the movable column 353 rises and drives the connecting rod 354 and the impact block 355 to rise, knocking the inner side of the conical cover 321, generating vibration, breaking or dislodging the small ore stuck there, and playing the role of preventing the inclined chute 322 from being blocked. The limiting block 356 limits the upward movement range of the movable column 353.

[0029] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0030] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A vertical kiln for the roasting of friable ores in lump form, comprising a vertical kiln body (100), characterized in that, Also includes: Material conveying equipment (200) is used to convey materials into the interior of the vertical kiln body (100); The separate channel (300) passes through the preheating zone and the firing zone inside the vertical kiln body (100). The separate channel (300) is rotatable, and the lowest part of the separate channel (300) is located in the firing zone inside the vertical kiln body (100). The separate channel (300) includes a rotary separation component (320) and a concentrator (310). The rotary separation component (320) is composed of a conical cover (321), an inclined groove (322), and a bearing ring (323). The conical cover (321) is located below the concentrator (310). The conical cover (321) is conical in shape. There are several inclined grooves (322) on the surface of the conical cover (321). The concentrator (310) is located at the junction of the preheating zone and the firing zone inside the vertical kiln body (100).

2. A vertical kiln for the firing of lump-segregated friable ores as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The separate channel (300) also includes: The insulated conveying channel (330) is designed with thermal insulation material and is connected to the bottom of the rotary separation assembly (320); A power assembly (340) is provided to provide rotational power to the rotary separation assembly (320); A tapping component (350) is used to tap the inside of the rotary separation component (320) to assist in preventing blockage.

3. The vertical kiln for roasting fragile ores with powder-block separation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the bottom of the conical cover (321) is larger than the inner diameter of the bottom of the concentrator (310).

4. A vertical kiln for roasting fragile ores with powder-block separation as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The power assembly (340) includes: The housing (341) is bolted to the surface of the material conveying equipment (200); The support (342) is bolted to the inside of the housing (341); The drive rod (346) extends into the interior of the vertical kiln body (100) and is bolted to the top of the conical cover (321); A drive motor (343) is fixed to the top of the support (342) and is used to drive the transmission rod (346) to rotate; The first gear (344) is fixed to the output shaft of the drive motor (343); The second gear (345) is bolted above the surface of the transmission rod (346) and meshes with the first gear (344).

5. A vertical kiln for roasting fragile ores with powder-block separation as described in claim 4, characterized in that: Both the first gear (344) and the second gear (345) are bevel gears, and the size of the first gear (344) is smaller than the size of the second gear (345).

6. A vertical kiln for roasting fragile ores with powder-block separation as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The insulated conveying channel (330) includes: A heat-insulating vertical channel (331) is located below the conical cover (321) on the side away from the transmission rod (346), and the heat-insulating vertical channel (331) is made of heat-insulating material; A fixing sleeve (332) is fitted onto the surface of the thermal insulation vertical channel (331); Two sets of connecting columns (333) are welded to both sides of the fixing sleeve (332). The connecting columns (333) are fixed to the inner wall of the vertical kiln body (100). The cooperation between the connecting columns (333) and the fixing sleeve (332) fixes the heat-insulating vertical channel (331). The connecting bucket (335) is connected to the top of the heat-insulating vertical channel (331), the bearing ring (323) is fixed below the conical cover (321), and the connecting bucket (335) is rotatably connected to the conical cover (321) through the bearing ring (323); The spiral conveyor component (334) conveys the powder entering the heat-insulating vertical channel (331) in a manner similar to that of an auger conveyor.

7. A vertical kiln for roasting fragile ores with powder-block separation as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The spiral conveying component (334) consists of a rotating rod (334a), a spiral blade (334b), and a bearing seat (334c). The bearing seat (334c) is fixed below the surface of the heat-insulating vertical channel (331). The top end of the rotating rod (334a) is bolted to the conical cover (321), and the bottom end of the rotating rod (334a) is rotatably connected to the bearing seat (334c). The spiral blade (334b) is bolted to the surface of the rotating rod (334a).

8. A vertical kiln for roasting fragile ores with powder-block separation as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The heat-insulating vertical channel (331) is made of a metal pipe filled with ceramic fiber material. The ratio of the total length of the connecting bucket (335), the heat-insulating vertical channel (331) and the conical cover (321) to the vertical height of the firing zone of the vertical kiln body (100) is 1:2 to 3.

9. A vertical kiln for roasting fragile ores with powder-block separation as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The striking component (350) includes: A number of protrusions (351) are attached to the top of the connecting bucket (335); The number of sliding sleeves (352) is the same as the number of protrusions (351) and they are bolted to the inside of the conical cover (321); The movable column (353) has a square cross-section and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding sleeve (352); The connecting rod (354) is bolted to the top of the movable column (353), and the whole is designed to be inclined. Impact blocks (355), in several quantities, are fixed to the surface of the connecting rod (354); The limiting block (356) is bolted to the surface of the movable column (353).

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