A radiation-based non-destructive testing apparatus and method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of testing materials technology, specifically relating to a non-destructive testing device and method based on radiation. It includes a base and an XY-axis displacement mechanism connected to each other, and further includes: an X-ray tube and a filter collimation channel, vertically connected sequentially to the XY-axis displacement mechanism; a heat dissipation assembly disposed inside the X-ray tube; and a heat insulation locking assembly disposed inside the filter collimation channel and communicating with the heat dissipation assembly. The heat dissipation assembly contains multiple heat-conducting media distributed at designated locations within the X-ray tube, with one type of heat-conducting medium flowing sequentially from the heat insulation locking assembly, the X-ray tube, to the heat dissipation assembly. This invention improves the temperature uniformity of the X-ray base environment required for testing materials, solving the problem of radiation filter plates deviating from design values ​​due to accelerated oxidation at high temperatures, thereby improving the flaw detection accuracy during material testing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of testing materials technology, specifically relating to a radiation-based nondestructive testing device and testing method. Background Technology

[0002] Analyzing materials using their physical properties is a mature technique in industrial non-destructive testing (NDT), widely applied in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and pressure vessel industries, providing crucial assurance for product quality and safety. Existing industrial NDT techniques include X-ray inspection, which exposes film to form a latent image, which is then developed and fixed to reveal the defect image.

[0003] X-ray flaw detection of existing workpieces mainly employs high-voltage transformers, low-voltage transformers, and rectifier circuits. The high-voltage transformer boosts the 220V mains voltage to tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of volts, providing a high-voltage electric field to accelerate electrons emitted from the cathode filament. The low-voltage transformer steps down the 220V mains voltage to 10V-12V. The rectifier circuit converts alternating current to direct current, ensuring that electrons are accelerated unidirectionally between the cathode and anode, avoiding energy loss or component damage caused by reverse electron movement.

[0004] For example, a Chinese invention patent application (publication number: CN108051463B) disclosed a wireless integrated X-ray flaw detector. The X-ray tube target surface temperature can reach several hundred degrees Celsius. A turbine fan forms a smooth ventilation channel between the tube and the heat sink, drawing in cool air from the outside for heat dissipation outside the X-ray tube.

[0005] The following defects still exist when testing materials: 1. When the X-ray tube used for testing materials is powered on, its temperature will rise rapidly, which may exceed the upper limit of the heat dissipation capacity of the turbine fan. This is not conducive to improving the temperature uniformity of the X-ray base environment required for testing materials.

[0006] 2. The X-rays used in testing materials usually need to be filtered through a solid medium (such as an aluminum sheet) to remove low-energy rays. However, aluminum sheets oxidize more rapidly at high temperatures, causing their X-ray transmittance to gradually deviate from the design value, thereby reducing the accuracy of flaw detection during the testing process. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a non-destructive testing device and method based on radiation, which can improve the temperature uniformity of the X-ray base environment required for testing materials, solve the problem that the transmittance performance of the radiation filter plate deviates from the design value due to the oxidation caused by high temperature, and thus improve the flaw detection accuracy in the process of testing materials.

[0008] The specific technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A X-ray-based nondestructive testing device includes an interconnected base and an XY-axis displacement mechanism, and further includes: The X-ray tube and the filter collimation channel are vertically connected in sequence to the XY axis displacement mechanism; A heat dissipation component is disposed inside the X-ray tube; A heat-insulating locking assembly is disposed inside the filter collimation channel and is connected to the heat dissipation assembly; The heat dissipation component contains a variety of heat-conducting media distributed at designated locations on the X-ray tube. Furthermore, in one of these components, the heat-conducting medium flows sequentially from the heat insulation locking assembly, the X-ray tube, to the heat dissipation assembly to absorb the heat transferred from the X-ray tube to the filter collimation channel when testing materials. The heat insulation locking assembly and the filter collimation channel are locked together, expelling the air between them and limiting the area of ​​the adjacent heat-conducting medium projected onto the filter collimation channel to be coaxial with the filter collimation channel.

[0009] As an optional solution, the heat insulation locking assembly includes a fourth cooling channel, a first limiting member, a second limiting member, a first locking member, and a second locking member connected sequentially along the axial direction of the filter collimation channel. The gap between the first limiting member and the second limiting member is filled with silicone grease. When the first locking member and the second locking member are in an engaged state, they provide locking force for the filter collimation channel in the vertical and horizontal directions and provide extrusion force for the silicone grease. The fourth cooling channel and the heat dissipation component are connected by a connecting pipe for the flow of heat-conducting medium.

[0010] As an optional solution, the fourth cooling channel is provided with: The first flow restrictor is arranged in a ring around the central axis of the fourth cooling channel; Two second flow-limiting plates are installed at intervals between adjacent first flow-limiting plates; When the two second flow-limiting plates interlock, they seal the gap between adjacent first flow-limiting plates, which can block the hot air flowing from the heat dissipation component to the fourth cooling channel. The folded area of ​​the first flow-limiting plate and the spiral area of ​​the second flow-limiting plate are both used to limit the flow of the heat-conducting medium inside the fourth cooling channel, so as to prolong the heat absorption time of the heat-conducting medium inside the fourth cooling channel.

[0011] As an optional solution, a temperature sensor is inserted inside the filter collimation channel, spaced apart from the heat insulation locking assembly, and the temperature sensor is electrically connected to a controller; The temperature sensor is used to acquire the temperature signal inside the filter collimation channel and send it to the controller. The controller is used to set a temperature threshold, compare the temperature signal with the temperature threshold, and adjust the flow rate of the heat-conducting medium between the heat insulation locking component and the heat dissipation component according to the comparison result.

[0012] As an alternative, the middle of the first limiting member protrudes towards the second limiting member, and the edge is a ring with a slope on one side. The ring of the edge of the first limiting member is divided into multiple fan rings. The second limiting member is a ring with a slope on one side that matches the edge of the first limiting member. When the first and second limiting members are closed, the protrusions apply pressure to the silicone grease, causing some of the silicone grease to push open the fan ring and expel air.

[0013] As an alternative, one end of the first locking member is forked and the other end is spherical, and one end of the second locking member is forked and the other end is a ball head that fits the spherical part of the first locking member. When the spherical part of the first locking member engages with the ball-head part of the second locking member, both provide locking force to the filter collimation channel and the fourth cooling channel in the vertical and horizontal directions to achieve coaxial positioning.

[0014] As an optional solution, a first slot and a second slot are provided between the fourth cooling channel and the filter collimation channel for mutual engagement; The first and second slots provide locking force for the fourth cooling channel.

[0015] As an optional solution, the heat dissipation assembly includes a third cooling channel, a first cooling channel, and a second cooling channel spaced apart along the axial direction of the X-ray tube, wherein the third cooling channel, the first cooling channel, and the second cooling channel are all annular. The third cooling channel, the first cooling channel, and the second cooling channel are each filled with different heat-conducting media.

[0016] As an alternative, the X-ray tube includes: The tube shell is connected to the XY axis displacement mechanism, and a vacuum glass cover is installed inside the tube shell; The vacuum glass cover contains a cathode, a focusing cover, a filament, a tungsten target, and an anode arranged sequentially along the central axis of the tube shell. Furthermore, the first cooling channel surrounds the cathode and anode, the second cooling channel surrounds both ends of the vacuum glass cover, and the third cooling channel is installed on both sides inside the tube shell.

[0017] As an optional solution, the filtering collimation channel includes: A collimator is installed on the outer side of the middle part of the X-ray tube; The collimator has a X-ray filter plate, a flange ring, and a collimator arranged sequentially along a straight line inside, and the temperature sensor detection end passes through the flange ring and contacts the X-ray filter plate.

[0018] A radiation-based nondestructive testing method, using the radiation-based nondestructive testing apparatus as described, includes the following steps: Step 1, Loading: The user puts on gloves, places the workpiece on the loading table, and aligns the workpiece with the imaging system; Step 2, Calibration: The user sets the tube voltage, tube current, and exposure time on the control panel, and starts the XY-axis displacement mechanism to move the X-ray tube along the XY-axis to align it with the workpiece; Step 3, Test Start-up: The user powers the X-ray tube, generating X-rays that are emitted from the X-ray window. After being filtered and collimated, the X-rays penetrate the workpiece being tested. The imaging system receives the penetrated X-rays and forms an image. Step 4, Overheat Protection: The heat dissipation component distributes different heat-conducting media in different locations, and absorbs heat in a gradient order from near to far from the heat source to offset the temperature change peak and block the heat inside the X-ray tube. Step 5, Flow Rate Control: Monitor the temperature changes inside the filter collimation channel in real time, and adjust the flow rate of the heat-conducting medium according to the degree of temperature change to provide the set temperature conditions for the X-ray test material.

[0019] The technical effects achieved by this invention are as follows: This invention provides X-rays during material testing and distributes three thermally conductive media with different volatilization temperatures at different locations. These media absorb heat in a gradient order from near to far of the heat source, effectively offsetting temperature fluctuations and trapping heat inside the vacuum glass enclosure to prevent overheating. This improves the temperature uniformity of the X-ray environment required for material testing. One of the thermally conductive media reduces the rate at which the X-ray tube transfers heat to the X-ray filter during material testing, addressing the issue of the filter's transmittance deviating from design values ​​due to accelerated oxidation at high temperatures. This improves the accuracy of flaw detection during material testing.

[0020] In this invention, X-rays are provided when testing materials, and the controller sets three temperature thresholds. The temperature signal is compared with the temperature thresholds, and the flow rate of the heat-conducting medium is adjusted according to the comparison results. This can accelerate the flow rate of the first heat-conducting medium at higher temperatures, improve heat dissipation performance, and smooth out the trend of sudden temperature changes, thus providing more stable temperature conditions for X-ray testing of materials.

[0021] This invention provides X-rays during material testing and applies pressure to the silicone grease, causing some of the grease to push open the fan ring and expel air, thereby reducing air trapped between the fourth cooling channel and the X-ray filter plate. When the first and second locking members engage, they provide locking forces vertically and laterally to the filter collimation channel and the fourth cooling channel to achieve coaxial positioning. Simultaneously, continuous tension prevents the first and second limiting members from opening due to thermal expansion and contraction, which could lead to silicone grease leakage. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a front view of a X-ray-based nondestructive testing device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a rear view of a X-ray-based nondestructive testing device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is the invention Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the X-ray tube; Figure 4 This is the invention Figure 3 Cross-sectional view of the medium vacuum glass cover; Figure 5 This is the invention Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of the collimation channel in the middle filter; Figure 6 This is the invention Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 7 This is the invention Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 8 This is a system block diagram of the controller in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a flowchart of a non-destructive testing method based on radiation according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0023] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Base; 101. Mounting flange; 102. Support legs; 103. Casters; 104. Transformer assembly; 2. XY axis displacement mechanism; 201. Y-axis guide rail; 202. First servo motor; 203. Support frame; 204. X-axis guide rail; 205. Second servo motor; 206. Control box; 207. Control handle; 3. X-ray tube; 301. Tube shell; 302. Vacuum glass cover; 303. Cathode; 304. Focusing hood; 305. Filament; 306. Tungsten target; 307. Anode; 4. Filtering and collimating channel; 401. Collimating tube; 402. X-ray filter plate; 403. Flange ring; 404. Collimator; 5. Heat dissipation components; 501. First cooling channel; 502. Second cooling channel; 503. Third cooling channel; 6. Thermal insulation locking assembly; 601. Fourth cooling channel; 602. Connecting pipe; 603. First limiting member; 604. Second limiting member; 605. First locking member; 606. Second locking member; 607. First slot; 608. Second slot; 609. First flow limiting plate; 610. Second flow limiting plate; 7. Temperature sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be specifically described below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the following text is merely used to describe one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of protection specifically claimed by the invention.

[0025] Example 1: like Figures 1-8 As shown, a non-destructive testing device based on X-rays includes a base 1 and an XY-axis displacement mechanism 2 connected to each other. An X-ray tube 3 and a filter collimation channel 4 are vertically connected to the XY-axis displacement mechanism 2. A heat dissipation component 5 is installed inside the X-ray tube 3 by means of bolts and nuts. A heat insulation locking component 6 is installed inside the filter collimation channel 4 by means of bolts and nuts. The heat dissipation component 5 is provided with a variety of heat-conducting media distributed at a designated position in the X-ray tube 3 to achieve multi-media enhanced heat dissipation, thereby improving the temperature uniformity of the X-ray base environment required for the test material. Furthermore, one of the heat-conducting media flows sequentially from the heat insulation locking component 6 to the heat dissipation component 5 to reduce the rate at which the X-ray tube 3 transfers heat to the filter collimation channel 4 when testing materials. This provides a more stable temperature condition for the X-ray filtering area of ​​the filter collimation channel 4, preventing the X-ray filtering area from deviating from the design value due to high temperature aggravating oxidation. This improves the accuracy of flaw detection during the testing process. At the same time, the heat insulation locking assembly 6 provides locking force to the filter collimation channel 4 in the vertical and horizontal directions, so that the two are pulled together under the action of locking force, the air between them is discharged and they are coaxially positioned, reducing the offset between them caused by air expansion or contraction when the temperature changes suddenly.

[0026] See attached document Figure 1 and Figure 2 The base 1 includes a rectangular mounting flange 101. The lower surface of the mounting flange 101 is fitted with a support leg 102 and a caster wheel 103 by screws. The upper surface is fitted with a transformer assembly 104 by bolts and nuts. In use, the caster wheel 103 is released from its locked state. The user pushes the base 1, and under the rolling support of the caster wheel 103, moves the entire device to the designated position and then relocks the caster wheel 103. The transformer group 104 is configured with a high-voltage transformer, a low-voltage transformer, and a rectifier circuit. During operation, the high-voltage transformer boosts the 220V mains power to tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of volts to provide a high-voltage electric field for accelerating the emitted electrons. The low-voltage transformer steps down the 220V mains power to 10V to 12V for low-voltage control of electrical components. The rectifier circuit converts AC power to DC power to ensure unidirectional acceleration of the emitted electrons and prevent reverse motion of the emitted electrons from causing energy loss or component damage.

[0027] See attached document Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 8 The XY-axis displacement mechanism 2 includes a Y-axis guide rail 201 mounted on the upper surface of the mounting flange 101 by bolts and nuts. A first servo motor 202 is mounted on the top of the Y-axis guide rail 201 by bolts and nuts. A support frame 203 is slidably mounted on one side of the Y-axis guide rail 201. An X-axis guide rail 204 and a second servo motor 205 are mounted on the support frame 203 at intervals. Since both the first servo motor 202 and the second servo motor 205 are electrically connected to the controller inside the control box 206 through an RS485 interface, and the controller is connected to a control handle 207 through a data transmission line, in use, the first servo motor 202 drives the ball screw of the Y-axis guide rail 201 to rotate. The ball screw drives the support frame 203 to rise and fall on the Y-axis through the nut pair. The second servo motor 205 drives the gear and rack, so that the X-axis guide rail 204 drives the X-ray tube 3 to move horizontally on the X-axis. The user operates the control handle 207 to control the X-ray tube 3 to move at a fixed point on the XY-axis. When testing a workpiece, the power is turned on, the user places the workpiece on the loading stage, and sets the required tube voltage, tube current, and exposure time on the control panel. The X-ray tube 3 is moved along the XY axis to align with the workpiece, and then the X-ray tube 3 is started. The X-rays are emitted from the X-ray window, filtered, and collimated, and then penetrate the workpiece being tested. The imaging system (including film, detector, etc.) receives the penetrated X-rays and forms an image, thus clearly presenting the internal structure of the object being tested, enabling industrial inspection and other purposes for operators to observe and analyze.

[0028] As an optional embodiment, the entire device is equipped with a shielding and protective device made of materials such as lead plates and lead glass, which can block the scattered rays generated when the device is working and protect the user and the surrounding environment from radiation hazards.

[0029] See attached document Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 8The X-ray tube 3 includes a tube shell 301, which is mounted on one end of the X-axis guide rail 204 via a flange seat and bolt and nut assembly. A vacuum glass cover 302 is bonded (or secured via a clamp) inside the tube shell 301. Inside the vacuum glass cover 302, along the central axis of the tube shell 301, a cathode 303, a focusing hood 304, a filament 305, a tungsten target 306, and an anode 307 are sequentially fixed via a metal clamp. During operation, a low-voltage transformer steps down the 220V mains power to 10V-12V to provide heating voltage for the cathode 303 and filament 305, causing the temperature inside the X-ray tube 3 to rise to 200℃-600℃ in a short time. At 00℃, the filament 305 generates emitted electrons, and the high-voltage transformer boosts the 220V mains power to tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of volts, providing a high-voltage electric field for the acceleration of the emitted electrons. At the same time, the rectifier circuit converts the alternating current to direct current, ensuring that the emitted electrons are accelerated in one direction, avoiding energy loss or component damage caused by the reverse movement of the emitted electrons, until the emitted electrons collide with the tungsten target 306 and the anode 307. The kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is converted into X-rays, which are emitted from the inside of the X-ray tube 3 along the beryllium or aluminum X-ray window. The X-ray window has low absorption and high transmittance of X-rays, which can reduce the energy loss of X-rays during the emission process.

[0030] See attached document Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The collimation channel 4 includes a collimation tube 401 installed in the middle of the X-ray tube 3 by bolts and nuts. Inside the collimation tube 401, a radiation filter plate 402, a flange ring 403, and a collimator 404 are arranged in a straight line. The flange ring 403 is fixed inside the collimation tube 401 by screws. The radiation filter plate 402 is embedded inside the flange ring 403, and the collimator 404 is embedded at the opening of the collimation tube 401. Since the radiation filter plate 402 is made of aluminum, it can filter low-energy radiation in the X-rays, reduce the radiation damage of low-energy radiation to the human body, and improve the penetration consistency of X-rays until the remaining part of the X-rays is refracted by the collimator 404 and emitted from the collimation tube 401.

[0031] See attached document Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 8 The heat dissipation assembly 5 includes a third cooling channel 503, a first cooling channel 501, and a second cooling channel 502 spaced apart along the axial direction of the X-ray tube 3. The two third cooling channels 503, the first cooling channel 501, and the second cooling channel 502 are all ring-shaped and fixed inside the tube shell 301 by screws. Before testing the material, the third cooling channel 503 is filled with cold air, the first cooling channel 501 is filled with nitrogen or liquid nitrogen, and the second cooling channel 502 is filled with cooling water. Among them, two first cooling channels 501 surround the cathode 303 and the anode 307 respectively, two second cooling channels 502 surround both ends of the vacuum glass cover 302, and two third cooling channels 503 are installed on both sides inside the tube shell 301. The three heat-conducting media with different volatilization temperatures are distributed at different positions and absorb heat in a gradient order from near to far from the heat source. In response to the sudden temperature rise when electron kinetic energy is converted into X-rays, the peak temperature change can be offset in time, and the heat is blocked inside the vacuum glass cover 302 to achieve overheat protection, thereby improving the temperature uniformity of the X-ray base environment required for the test materials.

[0032] As an optional embodiment, the inlets of the two first cooling channels 501 are connected to a nitrogen tank or a liquid nitrogen tank, and the connection is opened and closed by a solenoid valve controlled by a controller. The inlets of the two second cooling channels 502 are connected to a water pump through water pipes. When the water pump is started under the control of the controller, it draws external water and supplies it to the two second cooling channels 502. The inlets of the two third cooling channels 503 are connected to an air compressor through air pipes. When cooling, the air compressor draws in outside air and compresses it, and delivers the compressed cold air to the third cooling channels 503.

[0033] See attached document Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The heat insulation locking assembly 6 includes a fourth cooling channel 601, ten first limiting members 603, ten second limiting members 604, a first locking member 605 and a second locking member 606 connected sequentially along the axial direction of the filter collimation channel 4. The gap between the first limiting member 603 and the second limiting member 604 is filled with silicone grease. When the first locking member 605 and the second locking member 606 are in the interlocking state, they provide locking force for the filter collimation channel 4 in the vertical and horizontal directions and provide extrusion force for the silicone grease. The fourth cooling channel 601 and the heat dissipation component 5 are connected by a connecting pipe 602 for the flow of heat-conducting medium. The inlets of the two first cooling channels 501 are connected to a nitrogen tank or liquid nitrogen tank through the connecting pipe 602 and the fourth cooling channel 601. When the first heat-conducting medium is transported, it first enters the fourth cooling channel 601, carries away the heat on the X-ray filter plate 402, and then enters the first cooling channel 501 along the connecting pipe 602 and is discharged from the outlet of the first cooling channel 501. This reduces the rate at which the X-ray tube 3 transfers heat to the X-ray filter plate 402 when testing materials, provides a more stable temperature condition for the X-ray filter plate 402, solves the problem that the transmission performance of the X-ray filter plate 402 deviates from the design value due to the oxidation caused by high temperature, and thus improves the flaw detection accuracy in the process of testing materials.

[0034] During installation, the annular fourth cooling channel 601 is fixed inside the collimator 401 with screws. The top of the first limiting member 603 and the top of the first limiting member 603 are both welded to the lower surface of the fourth cooling channel 601. The bottom of the second limiting member 604 and the bottom of the second limiting member 604 are both welded to the upper surface of the radiation filter plate 402.

[0035] It should be noted that all three heat-conducting media are discharged along the pipes to detach from the X-ray tube 3.

[0036] See attached document Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The first limiting member 603 protrudes from the middle towards the second limiting member 604, and its edge is a ring with a slope on one side. The ring of the edge of the first limiting member 603 is divided into multiple fan rings. The second limiting member 604 is a ring with a slope on one side that matches the edge of the first limiting member 603. When the first limiting member 603 and the second limiting member 604 are closed, the protruding part of the first limiting member 603 is filled with silicone grease. The silicone grease is squeezed from the middle to the edge, so that some of the silicone grease gradually fills the sealing space between the first limiting member 603 and the second limiting member 604 until it overflows, opens the adjacent fan rings and discharges the air, thereby reducing the air trapped between the fourth cooling channel 601 and the X-ray filter plate 402. The first limiting member 603 and the second limiting member 604 are both made of shape memory alloy, and they can automatically reset after the air is expelled.

[0037] See attached document Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 One end of the first locking member 605 and one end of the second locking member 606 are both bifurcated, which can increase the heat conduction area between them and the fourth cooling channel 601. The other end of the first locking member 605 is spherical, and the other end of the second locking member 606 is a ball head that matches the spherical shape of the first locking member 605. When the spherical part of the first locking member 605 engages with the ball-head part of the second locking member 606, the two provide locking force to the filter collimation channel 4 and the fourth cooling channel 601 in the vertical and horizontal directions to complete coaxial positioning. At the same time, both continuously tighten the X-ray filter plate 402 and the fourth cooling channel 601 to prevent the first limiting member 603 and the second limiting member 604 from opening due to thermal expansion and contraction, which would cause silicone grease leakage.

[0038] See attached document Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7A temperature sensor 7, which is spaced from the heat insulation locking assembly 6, is inserted inside the filter collimation channel 4. The temperature sensor 7 is a Pt100 type. The detection end of the temperature sensor 7 passes through the flange ring 403 and contacts the X-ray filter plate 402. The temperature sensor 7 is connected to the controller via a data cable. The temperature sensor 7 is used to obtain the temperature signal of the X-ray filter plate 402 inside the filter collimation channel 4 and send it to the controller. During operation, the controller sets three temperature thresholds: 200℃, 400℃, and 500℃. The temperature signal T is compared with these thresholds, and the flow rate of the first heat-conducting medium between the heat insulation locking assembly 6 and the heat dissipation assembly 5 is adjusted based on the comparison result. The specific steps are as follows: When T is less than 200℃, the controller controls the solenoid valve to change its opening degree, so that the flow rate of the first heat transfer medium reaches the first set flow rate range [V0, V1]. When T is not less than 200℃ and less than 400℃, the controller controls the solenoid valve to change the opening degree, so that the flow rate of the first heat transfer medium reaches the second set flow rate range [V1, V2]. When T is not less than 400℃ and less than 500℃, the controller controls the solenoid valve to change the opening degree, so that the flow rate of the first heat transfer medium reaches the third set flow rate range [V2, V3]. When T is greater than 500℃, the controller controls the solenoid valve to change its opening degree, so that the flow rate of the first heat transfer medium reaches the fourth set flow rate range [V3, V]. max ).

[0039] In this way, by monitoring the temperature change of the X-ray filter plate 402 and adaptively adjusting the flow rate of the first heat-conducting medium according to the degree of temperature change, more of the first heat-conducting medium can be provided at higher temperatures, thereby improving heat dissipation performance, smoothing out the trend of sudden temperature changes, and providing more stable temperature conditions for X-ray testing materials.

[0040] See attached document Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 A first slot 607 and a second slot 608 are provided between the fourth cooling channel 601 and the filter collimation channel 4, which engage with each other. The inner side of the first slot 607 is welded to the outer side of the fourth cooling channel 601, and the outer side of the second slot 608 is welded to the inner side of the collimation tube 401. When the first slot 607 and the second slot 608 engage with each other, they provide locking force for the fourth cooling channel 601, which can limit the fourth cooling channel 601 vertically and laterally. Meanwhile, the first limiting member 603, the second limiting member 604, the first locking member 605, and the second locking member 606 provide locking force between the fourth cooling channel 601 and the X-ray filter plate 402, thereby achieving positioning between the fourth cooling channel 601 and the X-ray filter plate 402, which facilitates the first heat-conducting medium to uniformly absorb the heat on the X-ray filter plate 402 along the fourth cooling channel 601.

[0041] As an optional embodiment, two first flow-limiting plates 609 of different widths are welded to both sides inside the fourth cooling channel 601. The two first flow-limiting plates 609 are arranged in a ring around the central axis of the fourth cooling channel 601. Two second flow-limiting plates 610 are welded to the sides of the two first flow-limiting plates 609 that are close to each other. When the two second flow-limiting plates 610 interlock, they seal the gap between the adjacent first flow-limiting plates 609, which can block the hot air from the heat dissipation component 5 flowing into the fourth cooling channel 601 and prevent the temperature of the radiation filter plate 402 from rising sharply due to the hot air flow from the first cooling channel 501. When the first heat-conducting medium enters the fourth cooling channel 601 and flows to the first cooling channel 501, the folded area of ​​the first flow-limiting plate 609 and the spiral area of ​​the second flow-limiting plate 610 are both used to limit the flow of the heat-conducting medium inside the fourth cooling channel 601, so as to prolong the flow heat absorption time of the heat-conducting medium inside the fourth cooling channel 601, and make the first heat-conducting medium fully absorb the heat transferred from the X-ray filter plate 402 to the fourth cooling channel 601 along the silicone grease, the first locking member 605, and the second locking member 606.

[0042] See Figure 8 The controller is connected to the solenoid valve, water pump, air compressor, first servo motor 202, second servo motor 205, control handle 207, and temperature sensor 7 via an RS485 interface, and is connected to the transformer group 104, cathode 303, and anode 307 via relays.

[0043] Example 2: like Figure 9 As shown, a radiation-based nondestructive testing method, using the radiation-based nondestructive testing apparatus provided in Embodiment 1, includes the following steps: Step 1, Loading: The user puts on gloves, places the workpiece on the loading table, and aligns the workpiece with the imaging system; Step 2, Calibration: The user sets the required tube voltage, tube current, and exposure time on the console, and starts the XY axis displacement mechanism 2 to move the X-ray tube 3 along the XY axis to align with the workpiece; Step 3, Test Start-up: The user supplies power to X-ray tube 3, generating X-rays that are emitted from the X-ray window. After being filtered and collimated, the X-rays penetrate the workpiece being tested. The imaging system receives the penetrated X-rays and forms an image, thus clearly presenting the internal structure of the object being tested, enabling industrial inspection and other purposes for operators to observe and analyze. Step 4, Overheat Protection: The heat dissipation component 5 uses three heat-conducting media with different volatilization temperatures distributed at different locations to absorb heat in a gradient order from near to far from the heat source. In response to the sudden temperature rise when electron kinetic energy is converted into X-rays, it can promptly offset the temperature change peak and block the heat inside the vacuum glass cover 302 to achieve overheat protection and improve the temperature uniformity of the X-ray base environment required for the test materials. Step 5, Flow Rate Control: Monitor the temperature changes inside the filter collimation channel 4 in real time, and adaptively adjust the flow rate of the heat-conducting medium according to the degree of temperature change. This can provide more primary heat-conducting medium when the temperature is high, improve heat dissipation performance, and smooth out the trend of sudden temperature changes, so as to provide more stable temperature conditions for X-ray test materials.

[0044] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described or explained in this invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, shall be implemented according to conventional means in the art.

Claims

1. A non-destructive testing device based on X-rays, comprising a base (1) and an XY-axis displacement mechanism (2) connected to each other, characterized in that, Also includes: The X-ray tube (3) and the filter collimation channel (4) are vertically connected to the XY axis displacement mechanism (2) in sequence. A heat dissipation component (5) is disposed inside the X-ray tube (3); The heat insulation locking assembly (6) is disposed inside the filter collimation channel (4) and is connected to the heat dissipation assembly (5); The heat dissipation component (5) is provided with a variety of heat-conducting media distributed at a specified position of the X-ray tube (3); Furthermore, one of the heat-conducting media flows sequentially from the heat insulation locking assembly (6), the X-ray tube (3) to the heat dissipation assembly (5) to absorb the heat transferred by the X-ray tube (3) to the filter collimation channel (4) when testing materials. The heat insulation locking assembly (6) and the filter collimation channel (4) are locked together, the air between them is discharged, and the area of ​​the adjacent heat-conducting media projected on the filter collimation channel (4) is limited to be coaxial with the filter collimation channel (4).

2. The X-ray-based nondestructive testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat insulation locking assembly (6) includes a fourth cooling channel (601), a first limiting member (603), a second limiting member (604), a first locking member (605), and a second locking member (606) connected sequentially along the axial direction of the filter collimation channel (4). The gap between the first limiting member (603) and the second limiting member (604) is filled with silicone grease. When the first locking member (605) and the second locking member (606) are in the interlocking state, they provide locking force for the filter collimation channel (4) in the vertical and horizontal directions and provide extrusion force for the silicone grease. The fourth cooling channel (601) and the heat dissipation component (5) are connected by a connecting pipe (602) for the flow of heat-conducting medium.

3. The X-ray-based nondestructive testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fourth cooling channel (601) is internally equipped with: The first flow restrictor (609) is arranged in a ring around the central axis of the fourth cooling channel (601); Two second flow restrictors (610) are installed at intervals between adjacent first flow restrictors (609); When the two second flow-limiting plates (610) interlock, they close the gap between the adjacent first flow-limiting plates (609), which can block the hot air flowing from the heat dissipation component (5) to the fourth cooling channel (601). The folded area of ​​the first flow-limiting plate (609) and the spiral area of ​​the second flow-limiting plate (610) are both used to limit the flow of the heat-conducting medium inside the fourth cooling channel (601), so as to prolong the heat absorption time of the heat-conducting medium inside the fourth cooling channel (601).

4. The X-ray-based nondestructive testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The middle of the first limiting member (603) protrudes towards the second limiting member (604), and the edge is a ring with a slope on one side. The ring of the edge of the first limiting member (603) is divided into multiple fan rings. The second limiting member (604) is a ring with a slope on one side that matches the edge of the first limiting member (603). When the first limiting member (603) and the second limiting member (604) are closed, they apply a squeezing force to the silicone grease through the protrusion, causing part of the silicone grease to push open the fan ring and expel air.

5. The X-ray-based nondestructive testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first locking member (605) has a forked shape at one end and a spherical shell shape at the other end. The second locking member (606) has a forked shape at one end and a ball head shape at the other end that matches the spherical shell shape of the first locking member (605). When the spherical part of the first locking member (605) engages with the ball-head part of the second locking member (606), the two provide locking force for the filter collimation channel (4) and the fourth cooling channel (601) in the vertical and horizontal directions to complete coaxial positioning.

6. The X-ray-based nondestructive testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fourth cooling channel (601) and the filter collimation channel (4) are provided with a first slot (607) and a second slot (608) that engage with each other. The first slot (607) and the second slot (608) provide locking force for the fourth cooling channel (601).

7. The X-ray-based nondestructive testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat dissipation assembly (5) includes a third cooling channel (503), a first cooling channel (501) and a second cooling channel (502) spaced apart along the axial direction of the X-ray tube (3), and the third cooling channel (503), the first cooling channel (501) and the second cooling channel (502) are all annular; The third cooling channel (503), the first cooling channel (501), and the second cooling channel (502) are filled with different heat-conducting media.

8. The X-ray-based nondestructive testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The X-ray tube (3) includes: The tube shell (301) is connected to the XY axis displacement mechanism (2), and a vacuum glass cover (302) is installed inside the tube shell (301). The vacuum glass cover (302) contains, along the central axis of the tube shell (301), a cathode (303), a focusing cover (304), a filament (305), a tungsten target (306), and an anode (307). Furthermore, the first cooling channel (501) surrounds the cathode (303) and the anode (307), the second cooling channel (502) surrounds both ends of the vacuum glass cover (302), and the third cooling channel (503) is installed on both sides inside the tube shell (301).

9. A nondestructive testing device based on radiation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The filter collimation channel (4) includes: The collimator (401) and temperature sensor (7) are installed on the outer side of the middle part of the X-ray tube (3); The collimator (401) is provided with a radiation filter plate (402), a flange ring (403) and a collimator (404) arranged in a straight line inside the collimator (401). The detection end of the temperature sensor (7) passes through the flange ring (403) and contacts the radiation filter plate (402).

10. A radiation-based nondestructive testing method, using the radiation-based nondestructive testing apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, Loading: The user puts on gloves, places the workpiece on the loading table, and aligns the workpiece with the imaging system; Step 2, Calibration: The user sets the tube voltage, tube current, and exposure time on the console, and starts the XY axis displacement mechanism (2) to move the X-ray tube on the XY axis (3) to align with the workpiece; Step 3, Test Start-up: The user supplies power to the X-ray tube (3), which generates X-rays that are emitted from the X-ray window. After being filtered and collimated, the X-rays penetrate the workpiece being tested. The imaging system receives the X-rays after penetration and forms an image. Step 4, Overheat Protection: The heat dissipation component (5) distributes different heat-conducting media in different positions, and absorbs heat in a gradient manner from near to far from the heat source to offset the temperature change peak and block the heat inside the X-ray tube (3). Step 5, Flow rate control: Monitor the temperature change inside the collimation channel (4) in real time, and adjust the flow rate of the heat-conducting medium according to the degree of temperature change to provide the set temperature conditions for the X-ray test material.

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