A non-homogeneous layered medium mineralization simulation device and preparation method and simulation method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a non-homogeneous layered medium mineralization simulation device, comprising a fixed support and a microfluidic chip. The microfluidic chip is placed on the fixed support, forming an angle with the horizontal plane. The microfluidic chip includes a microfluidic substrate, with a simulation groove formed at the center of the microfluidic substrate. A simulation medium layer is disposed within the simulation groove. Multiple multi-channel grouting ports are uniformly formed on the microfluidic substrate located around the simulation groove, and the multi-channel grouting ports are connected to the simulation groove. This invention places the microfluidic chip on the fixed support, and the fixed support forms an angle between the microfluidic chip and the horizontal plane, allowing the grout to flow in the medium under gravity conditions. By selecting the grouting ports among the multiple multi-channel grouting ports, the grout flow direction forms an angle with the simulation medium layer, thereby simulating the influence of gravity and interlayer tilt angle on microbial mineralization grouting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering technology, specifically to a non-homogeneous layered medium mineralization simulation device and its preparation and simulation methods. Background Technology

[0002] In geotechnical engineering, natural sand, as a widely distributed shallow foundation and slope medium, directly determines the stability of structures due to its engineering properties. Under the long-term influence of sedimentary environments (such as hydrodynamics, tidal cycles, and wind transport), natural sand is not a homogeneous isotropic body, but rather forms a heterogeneous layered structure composed of different particle sizes, densities, and mineral compositions. Because of significant differences in particle composition, pore characteristics, and physical and mechanical parameters between layers, the interlayer transition surfaces easily become stress concentration areas under external loads or seepage, leading to engineering disasters such as shear slip, sand liquefaction, and uneven settlement. In severe cases, this can result in foundation instability, slope collapse, and deformation of underground structures.

[0003] Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology, as a novel green soil and rock reinforcement technology, has shown application potential in enhancing the strength and controlling the permeability of sandy soils due to the advantages of its reaction product (calcium carbonate) having strong mechanical stability and low slurry viscosity. Currently, research on MIP technology in sandy soil reinforcement mainly focuses on homogeneous sandy soil systems. Some scholars, leveraging the microscopic visualization advantages of microfluidic technology, have preliminarily explored the mineralization mechanism and reinforcement effect of MICP in homogeneous sandy soils, providing basic theoretical support for the MICP reinforcement of heterogeneous sandy soils. However, existing research still has technical gaps: for naturally widespread layered sandy soils, the influence of their layered structure on the transport paths, retention efficiency, and mineralization reaction deposition patterns of microorganisms between layers is still unclear. This makes it difficult to achieve precise control of existing MIP technology in the reinforcement of layered sandy soils, hindering its widespread application in practical layered sandy soil engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, this invention provides a non-homogeneous layered medium mineralization simulation device, preparation method, and simulation method, which solves the problem that existing grouting simulations based on microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation in geotechnical engineering do not consider the influence of gravity.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: On one hand, a non-homogeneous layered medium mineralization simulation device is provided, which includes a fixed support and a microfluidic chip. The microfluidic chip is placed on the fixed support so that the microfluidic chip forms an angle with the horizontal plane. The microfluidic chip includes a microfluidic substrate, and a simulation groove is formed at the center of the microfluidic substrate. A simulation medium layer is disposed in the simulation groove. Multiple multi-channel grouting ports are uniformly formed on the microfluidic substrate located around the simulation groove, and the multi-channel grouting ports are connected to the simulation groove.

[0006] This invention places a microfluidic chip on a fixed support, which makes the microfluidic chip form an angle with the horizontal plane, so that the slurry flows in the medium under the condition of gravity. By selecting the slurry port among multiple multi-channel slurry ports, the slurry flow direction forms an angle with the simulated medium layer, thereby simulating the influence of gravity and interlayer tilt angle on microbial mineralization slurry.

[0007] Furthermore, the fixed support includes a support frame and a sample tray; the sample tray is rotatably connected to the support frame; the sample tray has a sample groove that fits the microfluidic substrate, and the microfluidic substrate is embedded in the sample groove.

[0008] Furthermore, the top of the sample well is symmetrically provided with a plate that acts on the microfluidic substrate.

[0009] Furthermore, the simulated medium layer includes a simulated fine-grained layer, a simulated medium-grained layer, and a simulated coarse-grained layer, which are sequentially disposed within the simulated tank.

[0010] Furthermore, the multi-channel grouting port includes a bacterial liquid grouting port and a reaction liquid grouting port, both of which are connected to the simulation tank.

[0011] On the other hand, a method for fabricating a microfluidic chip is provided, which includes the following steps: Step A1: Prepare a casting mold based on the microfluidic chip; Step A2: Prepare PDMS mixture; Step A3: Slowly pour the PDMS mixture into the casting mold prepared in step A1; Step A4: Vacuum the casting mold for the PDMS mixture, and then place it in an oven for heating and curing. Step A5: When the casting mold for the PDMS mixture to be cast cools to room temperature, peel off the solidified PDMS mixture from the casting mold to obtain the PDMS chip substrate; Step A6: Using a punch, vertical holes are punched on the PDMS chip substrate at predetermined positions to form bacterial slurry injection ports and reaction liquid injection ports corresponding to the slurry outlet and slurry inlet, respectively. Step A7: Use a plasma cleaner to bond the PMDS chip substrate to a cover glass containing a thin layer of solid PDMS to obtain a microfluidic chip.

[0012] Further, the preparation method of the PDMS mixture in step A2 is as follows: First, mix the PDMS base adhesive and the curing agent at a mass ratio of 10:1 and stir thoroughly with a glass rod for 2–3 minutes to ensure uniform mixing; then put the obtained mixture into a vacuum drying oven, evacuate to -0.1 MPa, and maintain for 10–15 minutes until all air bubbles in the mixture are completely expelled.

[0013] On the other hand, a simulation method based on a heterogeneous layered medium mineralization simulation device is provided, which includes the following steps: Step B1: Embed the microfluidic chip into the sample slot and fix it in place using a clip. Step B2: Adjust the angle between the sample plate and the horizontal plane based on the support frame to determine the angle between the microfluidic chip and the horizontal plane; Step B3: Connect the injection pipes for the microbial solution and the reaction solution to the injection port for the bacterial solution and the injection port for the reaction solution, respectively; Step B4: Begin grouting. Inject the microbial solution and reaction solution into the microfluidic chip and observe the flow and mineralization of the grout in the simulated medium layer. Record and monitor indicators such as the amount of calcium carbonate generated, the distribution of calcium carbonate, and changes in the permeability coefficient in the microfluidic chip.

[0014] This invention discloses a non-homogeneous layered medium mineralization simulation device and its preparation and simulation methods, the beneficial effects of which are: This invention places a microfluidic chip on a fixed support, which makes the microfluidic chip form an angle with the horizontal plane, so that the slurry flows in the medium under the condition of gravity. By selecting the slurry port among multiple multi-channel slurry ports, the slurry flow direction forms an angle with the simulated medium layer, thereby simulating the influence of gravity and interlayer tilt angle on microbial mineralization slurry. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heterogeneous layered medium mineralization simulation device according to the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing bracket of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the microfluidic chip of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the microfluidic casting mold of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the microfluidic chip using in-situ sand as the simulation medium layer in this invention.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the microfluidic chip using in-situ sand as the simulation medium layer in this invention.

[0021] Among them, 1. Fixed bracket; 11. Support frame; 12. Sample tray; 13. Sample groove; 14. Card plate; 2. Microfluidic chip; 21. Microfluidic substrate; 22. Simulation groove; 23. Simulation fine-grained layer; 24. Simulation medium-grained layer; 25. Simulation coarse-grained layer; 26. Bacterial liquid injection port; 27. Reaction liquid injection port. Detailed Implementation The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes are obvious as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims. All inventions utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0022] Example 1 refer to Figures 1-4 This embodiment provides a heterogeneous layered medium mineralization simulation device, the purpose of which is to solve the problem that the grouting simulation based on microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation in existing geotechnical engineering does not consider the influence of gravity. The specific structure of this embodiment will be described in detail below.

[0023] A non-homogeneous layered medium mineralization simulation device includes a fixed support 1 and a microfluidic chip 2; The microfluidic chip 2 is placed on the fixed bracket 1, so that the microfluidic chip 2 forms an angle with the horizontal plane; Specifically, the microfluidic chip 2 includes a microfluidic substrate 21, a simulation groove 22 is formed at the center of the microfluidic substrate 21, and a simulation medium layer is disposed in the simulation groove 22; a plurality of multi-channel injection ports are uniformly formed on the microfluidic substrate 21 located around the simulation groove 22, and the multi-channel injection ports are connected to the simulation groove 22.

[0024] In this embodiment, the microfluidic chip 2 is placed on the fixed support 1. The fixed support 1 makes the microfluidic chip 2 form an angle with the horizontal plane, so that the slurry flows in the medium under the condition of gravity. By selecting the slurry port among the multiple multi-channel slurry ports, the slurry flow direction forms an angle with the simulated medium layer in the simulation tank 22, thereby simulating the influence of gravity and interlayer inclination angle on slurrying.

[0025] Specifically, the fixed bracket 1 includes a support frame 11 and a sample tray 12; the sample tray 12 is rotatably connected to the support frame 11; the sample tray 12 has a sample groove 13 that fits with the microfluidic substrate 21, and the microfluidic substrate 21 is embedded in the sample groove 13.

[0026] In this embodiment, a column is provided on the support frame 11, and a connecting rod is provided on the outer wall of the sample tray 12. The column and the connecting rod are connected by a knob, so that the sample tray 12 can rotate relative to the support frame 11, thereby causing the microfluidic substrate 21 placed in the sample tank 13 to form an angle with the horizontal plane, so that the slurry flows under the condition of gravity.

[0027] Optionally, the top of the column is an arc-shaped surface with a slot, and through holes are provided on both sides of the slot. The top of the connecting rod is an arc-shaped surface that matches the top of the column and is equipped with a locking block. Screws are provided on both sides of the locking block. The locking block is embedded in the slot, and the two screws pass through the through holes on both sides of the slot and are fixed by locking nuts.

[0028] Specifically, the top of the sample well 13 is symmetrically provided with a card plate 14 that acts on the microfluidic substrate 21.

[0029] In this embodiment, the clamping plate 14 is mounted on the side wall of the sample cell 13 via a rotating shaft, and the microfluidic substrate 21 in the sample cell 13 is locked and fixed by rotating the clamping plate 14.

[0030] Specifically, the simulated medium layer includes a simulated fine-grained layer 23, a simulated medium-grained layer 24, and a simulated coarse-grained layer 25, which are sequentially disposed in the simulated tank 22.

[0031] In this embodiment, the simulated fine-grained layer 23, the simulated medium-grained layer 24, and the simulated coarse-grained layer 25 are composed of cylindrical particles of different sizes. Specifically, the particle size, pore throat size, number of layers, and arrangement can be determined by obtaining on-site geological conditions through field surveys. The particle size of each layer can be defined as the average particle size d of that layer. 50 , throat size (d l ) can be d 50 1 / 10 to 1 / 5 of.

[0032] The number of layers can be determined based on the geological conditions and reinforcement requirements of the site. If one layer is selected, the sand on site is considered as homogeneous sand. If more than three layers are selected, the size of the simulated medium layer area should be appropriately increased to ensure that the thickness of each layer is arranged with at least eight layers of particles.

[0033] The arrangement of particles in each layer should be confirmed based on the field survey, such as fine-coarse-fine, coarse-fine-coarse, or coarse-medium-fine. The simulated fine-grained layer 23, simulated medium-grained layer 24, and simulated coarse-grained layer 25 can be replaced with real sand particles obtained on site to make the simulation results closer to reality.

[0034] Specifically, the multi-channel grouting port includes a bacterial liquid grouting port 26 and a reaction liquid grouting port 27, both of which are connected to the simulation tank 22.

[0035] In this embodiment, multiple multi-channel grouting ports are evenly distributed around the circumference of the simulation tank 22. Each multi-channel grouting port includes a bacterial solution grouting port 26 and a reaction solution grouting port 27, which are used to connect to the external microbial solution and reaction solution grouting pipes, respectively. The multiple multi-channel grouting ports form different angles with the interlayer normal direction of the simulated medium layer to simulate different grouting directions and formation directions in the field.

[0036] Example 2 refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a method for fabricating a microfluidic chip, the purpose of which is to solve the problem that the grouting simulation based on microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation in existing geotechnical engineering does not consider the influence of gravity. The specific structure of this embodiment will be described in detail below.

[0037] A method for fabricating a microfluidic chip, wherein the microfluidic chip 2 is made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), includes the following steps: Step A1: Prepare a casting mold based on microfluidic chip 2; In this embodiment, the channel parameters of the microfluidic chip 2 can be fabricated onto a silicon wafer template using photolithography, or the channel parameters of the microfluidic chip 2 can be printed into a template using 3D printing to form a microfluidic casting mold. (Reference) Figure 4 The simulated fine-grained layer 23, simulated medium-grained layer 24, and simulated coarse-grained layer 25 of the microfluidic casting mold have spherical particle sizes of 0.075, 0.25, and 0.5 mm, respectively, and corresponding pore throat diameters of 10, 40, and 80 μm, respectively.

[0038] Step A2: Prepare PDMS mixture; The preparation method of the PDMS mixture in step A2 is as follows: First, mix the PDMS base adhesive and the curing agent at a mass ratio of 10:1 and stir thoroughly with a glass rod for 2–3 minutes to ensure uniform mixing; then put the obtained mixture into a vacuum drying oven, evacuate to -0.1 MPa, and maintain for 10–15 minutes until all air bubbles in the mixture are completely expelled.

[0039] Step A3: Slowly pour the PDMS mixture into the casting mold prepared in step A1; ensure that the channel structure of the casting mold is completely covered and that the thickness is about 5 mm.

[0040] Step A4: Vacuum the casting mold for the PDMS mixture, and then place it in an oven for heating and curing. In this embodiment, the casting mold for casting the PDMS mixture is evacuated for 5 minutes to remove air bubbles introduced during the casting process, and then placed in an oven and heated at 80 degrees Celsius for 1-2 hours to solidify.

[0041] Step A5: When the casting mold for the PDMS mixture to be cast cools to room temperature, peel off the solidified PDMS mixture from the casting mold to obtain the PDMS chip substrate; Step A6: Using a punch, vertical holes are punched on the PDMS chip substrate at predetermined positions to form bacterial slurry injection port 26 and reaction liquid injection port 27, which correspond to the slurry outlet and slurry inlet, respectively. In this embodiment, reference Figure 5 Based on the angle between the liquid flow direction and the interlayer, a punch is used to vertically drill holes at predetermined positions on the PDMS chip substrate, forming bacterial liquid injection ports 26 and reaction liquid injection ports 27 corresponding to the slurry outlet and slurry emulsion outlet, respectively. Figure 5 This shows the case where the liquid flow direction is at a 90° angle to the interlayer. Step A7: Use a plasma cleaner to bond the PMDS chip substrate to a cover glass containing a thin layer of solid PDMS to obtain microfluidic chip 2.

[0042] When in-situ sand is selected as the simulation medium layer, the microfluidic chip 2 is made of transparent materials such as glass or PDMS. The classic sand obtained on-site needs to be cleaned, dried, and ground to about 2 / 3 of the pipe depth. Then, the particles are evenly spread on the designated location of the substrate chip. Next, a drilling tool is used to drill suitable injection and outlet holes. Finally, a plasma cleaning machine is used to bond the PMDS chip substrate containing sand particles to a cover glass plate containing a thin layer of solid PDMS to obtain a microfluidic chip containing on-site sand particles.

[0043] Example 3 refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a simulation method based on a heterogeneous layered medium mineralization simulation device. Its purpose is to solve the problem that existing grouting simulations based on microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation in geotechnical engineering do not consider the influence of gravity. The specific structure of this embodiment will be described in detail below.

[0044] A simulation method based on a heterogeneous layered medium mineralization simulation device includes the following steps: Step B1: Embed the microfluidic chip 2 into the sample slot 13 and fix it in place by the clamping plate 14; Step B2: Adjust the angle between the sample plate 12 and the horizontal plane based on the support frame 11, and determine the angle between the microfluidic chip 2 and the horizontal plane so that the grouting direction and the simulated medium layer are consistent with the gravity direction conditions on site. Step B3: Connect the grouting pipes of the microbial solution and the reaction solution to the bacterial solution grouting port 26 and the reaction solution grouting port 27 respectively. At the same time, the angle between the grouting direction and the simulated medium layer should be controlled to be consistent with the field conditions. Among them, the concentration range of the microbial solution (OD)600 The concentration range is 0.5-2.0. The reaction solution is a mixture of calcium chloride and urea in a volume ratio of 1:1, with a concentration range of 0.3-3 mol / L. The method of injecting the microbial solution and the reaction solution separately is to prevent them from reacting prematurely after mixing and clogging the grouting pipe.

[0045] Step B4: Begin grouting. Inject the microbial solution and reaction solution into the microfluidic chip 2 and observe the flow and mineralization of the grout in the simulated medium layer. Record and monitor indicators such as the amount of calcium carbonate generated, the distribution of calcium carbonate, and changes in the permeability coefficient in the microfluidic chip 2.

[0046] This invention can utilize the observation of indicators such as calcium carbonate generation, calcium carbonate distribution uniformity, and permeability coefficient in the microfluidic chip 2 under different MIP grouting methods and grouting parameters to compare and determine the optimal grouting method and grouting parameters, providing a reference for on-site construction.

[0047] The optional MICP grouting method of the present invention includes: 1. Single-phase continuous injection method: Microbial solution and reaction solution are continuously injected into microfluidic chip 2, and the amount of calcium carbonate generated, calcium carbonate distribution and permeability coefficient change in microfluidic chip 2 are recorded every half hour. 2. Single-phase intermittent grouting method: After the microbial solution and reaction solution are injected into the microfluidic chip 2 until saturation, it is allowed to stand for 8 hours. Then, the microbial solution and reaction solution are injected into the microfluidic chip 2 again until saturation. Before each injection, the amount of calcium carbonate generated, the distribution of calcium carbonate, and the change in permeability coefficient in the microfluidic chip are recorded. 3. Two-phase continuous grouting method: First, inject the microbial solution into chip 2 and let it stand for 0.5 hours until saturation. Then, inject the reaction solution into chip 2 and let it stand for 7.5 hours until saturation. The above steps constitute one reinforcement. Before each injection of microbial solution, record the amount of calcium carbonate generated, the distribution of calcium carbonate, and the change in permeability coefficient in the microfluidic chip.

[0048] The process of selecting the optimal grouting parameters in this invention is as follows: 1. Set bacterial concentration (OD) 600 Experiments were conducted using a microbial solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L and a reaction solution with a concentration of 0.3 mol / L. The amount of calcium carbonate generated, the distribution of calcium carbonate, and the change in permeability coefficient in the microfluidic chip 2 were recorded. 2. Set bacterial concentration (OD) 600 Experiments were conducted using a microbial solution with a concentration of 0.8 (0.5+0.3) mol / L and a reaction solution with a concentration of 0.6 (0.3+0.3) mol / L. The amount of calcium carbonate generated, the distribution of calcium carbonate, and the change in permeability coefficient in the microfluidic chip 2 were recorded. 3. Increase the bacterial concentration (OD) of the microbial solution in each experiment.600 Experiments were conducted with a reaction solution concentration of 0.3 mol / L and the amount of calcium carbonate generated, the distribution of calcium carbonate, and the change in permeability coefficient in the microfluidic chip 2 were recorded.

[0049] 4. Compare the reinforcement effects of different grouting parameters to determine the optimal grouting parameters for on-site application.

[0050] Orthogonal experiments can be conducted to investigate the effects of grouting methods and parameters on the reinforcement effect of MIP, so as to obtain the optimal grouting methods and parameters suitable for the field.

[0051] Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this patent. Various modifications and variations that can be made by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort within the scope described in the claims still fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A device for simulating mineralization in heterogeneous layered media, characterized in that: Includes a fixed bracket (1) and a microfluidic chip (2); The microfluidic chip (2) is placed on the fixed bracket (1) so that the microfluidic chip (2) forms an angle with the horizontal plane; The microfluidic chip (2) includes a microfluidic substrate (21), a simulation groove (22) is provided at the center of the microfluidic substrate (21), and a simulation medium layer is provided in the simulation groove (22); a plurality of multi-channel grouting ports are uniformly provided on the microfluidic substrate (21) located around the simulation groove (22), and the multi-channel grouting ports are connected to the simulation groove (22).

2. The heterogeneous layered medium mineralization simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed bracket (1) includes a support frame (11) and a sample tray (12); the sample tray (12) is rotatably connected to the support frame (11); the sample tray (12) has a sample groove (13) that fits the microfluidic substrate (21), and the microfluidic substrate (21) is embedded in the sample groove (13).

3. The heterogeneous layered medium mineralization simulation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the sample groove (13) is symmetrically provided with a card plate (14) that acts on the microfluidic substrate (21).

4. The heterogeneous layered medium mineralization simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated medium layer includes a simulated fine-grained layer (23), a simulated medium-grained layer (24), and a simulated coarse-grained layer (25) arranged sequentially in the simulated tank (22).

5. The heterogeneous layered medium mineralization simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-channel grouting port includes a bacterial liquid grouting port (26) and a reaction liquid grouting port (27), both of which are connected to the simulation tank (22).

6. A method for fabricating a microfluidic chip, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step A1: Prepare a casting mold based on the microfluidic chip (2); Step A2: Prepare PDMS mixture; Step A3: Slowly pour the PDMS mixture into the casting mold prepared in step A1; Step A4: Vacuum the casting mold for the PDMS mixture, and then place it in an oven for heating and curing. Step A5: When the casting mold for the PDMS mixture to be cast cools to room temperature, peel off the solidified PDMS mixture from the casting mold to obtain the PDMS chip substrate; Step A6: Using a punch, vertical holes are punched on the PDMS chip substrate at predetermined positions to form bacterial slurry injection port (26) and reaction liquid injection port (27) corresponding to slurry outlet and slurry inlet, respectively. Step A7: Use a plasma cleaner to bond the PMDS chip substrate to a cover glass containing a thin layer of solid PDMS to obtain a microfluidic chip (2).

7. The method for fabricating a microfluidic chip according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation method of the PDMS mixture in step A2 is as follows: First, mix the PDMS base adhesive and the curing agent at a mass ratio of 10:1 and stir thoroughly with a glass rod for 2–3 minutes to ensure uniform mixing; then put the obtained mixture into a vacuum drying oven, evacuate to -0.1 MPa, and maintain for 10–15 minutes until all air bubbles in the mixture are completely expelled.

8. A simulation method based on the heterogeneous layered medium mineralization simulation device according to claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step B1: Embed the microfluidic chip (2) into the sample slot (13) and fix it in place by the clamping plate (14); Step B2: Based on the support frame (11), adjust the angle between the sample plate (12) and the horizontal plane to determine the angle between the microfluidic chip (2) and the horizontal plane; Step B3: Connect the injection pipes of the microbial solution and the reaction solution to the bacterial solution injection port (26) and the reaction solution injection port (27), respectively. Step B4: Start grouting. Inject the microbial solution and reaction solution into the microfluidic chip (2) and observe the flow and mineralization of the grout in the simulated medium layer. Record and detect indicators such as the amount of calcium carbonate generated, the distribution of calcium carbonate, and the change in permeability coefficient in the microfluidic chip (2).

Images