Electrostatic radar device for low altitude aircraft detection and method of operation thereof
The radar device based on the principle of electrostatic induction solves the problem of all-weather, all-dimensional monitoring of low-altitude aircraft, and realizes efficient detection and tracking of multiple low-altitude aircraft, with the advantages of low power consumption and low cost.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610529907.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies are insufficient for all-weather, all-dimensional monitoring of low-altitude aircraft, especially in complex scenarios where the ability to distinguish multiple low-altitude aircraft is inadequate and the tracking accuracy is reduced.
The radar device, which adopts the principle of electrostatic induction, acquires electric field disturbance information through an electrostatic induction electrode array, enabling 360-degree all-round multi-angle detection. Combined with the signal processing module, it analyzes the spatial attitude information of the aircraft, supporting multi-target detection and tracking.
It achieves passive detection of low-altitude aircraft, is unaffected by environmental noise and light, has the ability to detect multiple targets simultaneously, has low power consumption and low cost, and has a simple structure.
Smart Images
Figure CN122345856A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of low-altitude aircraft detection technology, and particularly relates to an electrostatic radar device for low-altitude aircraft detection and its operating method. Background Technology
[0002] With the rapid development of the low-altitude economy, low-altitude aircraft such as drones, helicopters, gliders, and flying cars are rapidly integrating into various industries, from civilian applications like express delivery, agricultural plant protection, and power line inspection to military applications like reconnaissance and surveillance. Their value has been fully validated and widely recognized. However, the widespread application of low-altitude aircraft also brings a series of public safety and privacy issues, such as illegal intrusion, malicious spying, and potential attacks. Furthermore, scenarios involving multiple aircraft flying simultaneously are common, making it necessary to detect and regulate the flight activities of low-altitude aircraft.
[0003] Currently, low-altitude aircraft detection mainly employs technologies such as radar, radio frequency (RF), optoelectronics, and acoustics. Due to the low flight altitude, high stealth capabilities, and high maneuverability of low-altitude aircraft, existing detection technologies struggle to achieve all-weather, all-dimensional monitoring in complex scenarios. Radar has low observability for low-altitude, slow-moving, and small targets, and its weak echoes are easily drowned out by ground clutter. RF detection is ineffective against uncontrolled autonomous flight or radio-silent low-altitude aircraft. Optoelectronic technology requires line-of-sight and is susceptible to environmental interference such as rain, fog, and strong light. Acoustic detection is easily affected by environmental noise and has limited detection range. In scenarios involving simultaneous detection of multiple targets, these technologies generally suffer from insufficient target resolution and reduced tracking accuracy.
[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design an electrostatic radar device and its operating method for detecting low-altitude aircraft in order to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an electrostatic radar device for detecting low-altitude aircraft and its operating method. Based on the principle of electrostatic induction, induced charges can be generated on the metal electrodes of the ground-based electrostatic radar device. By analyzing the induced charge signals, the motion information of low-altitude aircraft can be obtained. By using an electrostatic sensor array, electric field disturbance information can be obtained from 360 degrees and multiple angles, realizing the spatial positioning of low-altitude aircraft, and simultaneously detecting and tracking multiple low-altitude aircraft of the same or different types.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: an electrostatic radar device for detecting low-altitude aircraft, comprising: The metal spherical shell is set to ground. Insulating material is disposed on the surface of the metal spherical shell; Multiple electrostatic induction electrodes are embedded in the insulating material, and the array of multiple electrostatic induction electrodes is distributed on the surface of the metal spherical shell. The normal directions of the multiple electrostatic induction electrodes intersect at the geometric center of the metal spherical shell. The signal processing module includes a gating unit, a conditioning unit, and a processing unit; The gating unit is connected to the electrostatic induction electrode and is used to select a specified electrostatic induction electrode to be connected to the subsequent circuit in a time-division manner; the conditioning unit is configured to convert the induced charge signal into a voltage signal and amplify and filter it; the processing unit receives the digitized electrostatic signal and analyzes the spatial attitude information of the low-altitude aircraft based on the signal strength differences of different electrostatic induction electrodes.
[0007] According to the present invention, an electrostatic radar device for detecting low-altitude aircraft is provided, wherein the electrostatic induction electrodes are arranged along the meridians and parallels of the metal spherical shell, with 4-36 electrodes along the meridians and 6-36 electrodes along the parallels.
[0008] According to the present invention, an electrostatic radar device for detecting low-altitude aircraft is provided, wherein the electrostatic induction electrode has a sheet-like structure, including any one or more of circular, square, trapezoidal or other shapes.
[0009] According to the present invention, an electrostatic radar device for detecting low-altitude aircraft is provided, wherein the surface of the electrostatic induction electrode is coated with a polymer insulating film layer.
[0010] According to the present invention, an electrostatic radar device for detecting low-altitude aircraft is provided, wherein a certain distance is provided between the surface of the electrostatic induction electrode and the outer surface of the metal spherical shell.
[0011] According to the present invention, an electrostatic radar device for detecting low-altitude aircraft is provided, wherein the gating unit is a multi-channel analog switch matrix, and the gating unit is electrically connected to the processing unit.
[0012] A method for operating an electrostatic radar for detecting low-altitude aircraft, based on an electrostatic radar device for detecting low-altitude aircraft, includes the following steps: During standby, all electrostatic induction electrodes are connected in parallel to the signal link to monitor the overall electric field fluctuations in real time. When an electrostatic disturbance signal exceeding the threshold is detected, the system switches to the scanning and positioning phase. During the scanning and positioning phase, electrostatic induction electrodes with different spatial orientations are selected in a time-division manner, and the electrostatic signal intensity corresponding to each electrostatic induction electrode is extracted respectively. Based on the electrostatic signal intensity distribution, the azimuth and pitch angles of the low-altitude aircraft relative to the device are calculated. By fusing time-series signals from multiple sets of electrostatic induction electrodes, the distance and trajectory of the target are calculated.
[0013] According to the present invention, a method for operating an electrostatic radar for detecting low-altitude aircraft includes a scanning and positioning phase comprising: First, select electrostatic induction electrodes along the same meridian direction, and compare the total intensity of each meridian to determine the target azimuth. Then select electrostatic induction electrodes along the same latitude direction and compare the total intensity of each latitude to determine the target pitch angle.
[0014] According to the present invention, an electrostatic radar for detecting low-altitude aircraft calculates the target distance based on the attenuation gradient of the induction intensity of multiple electrostatic induction electrodes and the spatial correlation inversion, and dynamically corrects it as the sampling is updated.
[0015] According to the present invention, an electrostatic radar for detecting low-altitude aircraft operates at a low sampling rate during the standby phase to reduce power consumption, and only temporarily increases the sampling rate and channel resolution when a disturbance is detected.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: This invention enables passive detection of low-altitude, slow, and small aircraft in radar blind zones, unaffected by environmental factors such as noise and light. It also boasts advantages such as low power consumption, low cost, and simple structure. Furthermore, it possesses the capability to detect multiple targets simultaneously, enabling the simultaneous detection and tracking of multiple low-altitude aircraft of the same or different types. This invention is a valuable supplement to existing low-altitude aircraft detection technologies. Attached Figure Description
[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the signal processing circuit of the present invention.
[0019] Among them, 1. Metal spherical shell; 2. Insulating material; 3. Circular electrode; 4. Square electrode; 5. UAV; 6. Analog switch; 7. Signal conditioning circuit; 8. Analog-to-digital converter; 9. Microprocessor. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0021] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0022] Reference Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides an electrostatic radar device for detecting low-altitude aircraft, comprising: Metal spherical shell 1 is set to ground; Insulating material 2 is disposed on the surface of the metal spherical shell 1; Multiple electrostatic induction electrodes are embedded in insulating material 2, and multiple electrostatic induction electrode arrays are distributed on the surface of metal spherical shell 1. The normal directions of the multiple electrostatic induction electrodes intersect at the geometric center of metal spherical shell 1. The signal processing module includes a gating unit, a conditioning unit, and a processing unit; The gating unit is connected to the electrostatic induction electrode and is used to select the specified electrostatic induction electrode to be connected to the subsequent circuit in a time-division manner; the conditioning unit is configured to convert the induced charge signal into a voltage signal and amplify and filter it; the processing unit receives the digitized electrostatic signal and analyzes the spatial attitude information of the low-altitude aircraft based on the signal strength differences of different electrostatic induction electrodes.
[0023] Furthermore, the electrostatic induction electrodes are arranged along the meridians and parallels of the metal spherical shell 1, with 4-36 electrodes along the meridians and 6-36 electrodes along the parallels. Electrostatic radar devices used for long-range detection can have even more meridians and parallels.
[0024] Furthermore, the electrostatic induction electrode has a sheet-like structure, including any one or more of circular, square, trapezoidal or other shapes.
[0025] Furthermore, the surface of the electrostatic induction electrode is coated with a polymer insulating film layer.
[0026] Furthermore, a certain distance is provided between the surface of the electrostatic induction electrode and the outer surface of the metal spherical shell 1.
[0027] Furthermore, the gating unit is a multi-channel analog switch matrix, and the gating unit is electrically connected to the processing unit.
[0028] Electrostatic radar devices can be installed on the top of buildings to detect aircraft above or below the building's top, or they can be installed on relatively open ground surfaces to detect aircraft above the ground.
[0029] A method for operating an electrostatic radar for detecting low-altitude aircraft, based on an electrostatic radar device for detecting low-altitude aircraft, includes the following steps: During standby, all electrostatic induction electrodes are connected in parallel to the signal link to monitor the overall electric field fluctuations in real time. When an electrostatic disturbance signal exceeding the threshold is detected, the system switches to the scanning and positioning phase. During the scanning and positioning phase, electrostatic induction electrodes with different spatial orientations are selected in a time-division manner, and the electrostatic signal intensity corresponding to each electrostatic induction electrode is extracted respectively. Based on the electrostatic signal intensity distribution, the azimuth and pitch angles of the low-altitude aircraft relative to the device are calculated. By fusing time-series signals from multiple sets of electrostatic induction electrodes, the distance and trajectory of the target are calculated. Through multi-target separation of the electrostatic signals, simultaneous detection and tracking of multiple low-altitude aircraft of the same or different types can be achieved.
[0030] Furthermore, the scanning and localization phase includes: First, select electrostatic induction electrodes along the same meridian direction, and compare the total intensity of each meridian to determine the target azimuth. Then select electrostatic induction electrodes along the same latitude direction and compare the total intensity of each latitude to determine the target pitch angle.
[0031] Furthermore, the distance to the target is calculated based on the attenuation gradient of the induction intensity of multiple electrostatic electrodes and the spatial correlation inversion, and is dynamically corrected as the sampling is updated.
[0032] Furthermore, during standby, a low sampling rate is used to reduce power consumption, and the sampling rate and channel resolution are only temporarily increased when a disturbance is detected.
[0033] Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the design, multiple circular electrodes 3 or square electrodes 4 are embedded on the surface of the metal spherical shell 1. The circular electrodes 3 and square electrodes 4 are arranged along the meridians and parallels of the metal spherical shell 1, with 5 and 8 electrodes respectively. The size of the circular electrodes 3 and square electrodes 4 gradually decreases with increasing latitude. The metal spherical shell 1 is grounded, and an insulating material 2 is placed between the circular electrodes 3 and square electrodes 4 and the metal spherical shell 1. The circular electrodes 3 and square electrodes 4 are spaced a certain distance from the outer surface of the metal spherical shell 1 to limit their sensing angle using the grounded metal surrounding the electrodes, thereby improving the positioning accuracy of the low-altitude UAV 5. The surfaces of the circular electrodes 3 and square electrodes 4 are coated with insulating materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyimide to provide waterproof and moisture-proof properties.
[0034] Reference Figure 3 The induced charge signals generated by the circular electrode 3 and the square electrode 4 enter the signal conditioning circuit 7 via the analog switch 6 to complete signal conversion, amplification and filtering. The analog-to-digital converter 8 collects the electrostatic signal and transmits the data to the microprocessor 9.
[0035] The working method of this invention is as follows: The microprocessor 9 controls the on / off state of the analog switches 6. In standby mode, all analog switches 6 are turned on, so that all circular electrodes 3 and square electrodes 4 are connected in parallel to the signal conditioning circuit 7. When the microprocessor 9 detects electrostatic signal fluctuations, the device switches to the scanning state. In the scanning state, the analog switches 6 on the same meridian and the same parallel are turned on in sequence to determine the direction of the meridian and parallel with the maximum electrostatic signal strength, thereby obtaining the azimuth and pitch angles of the low-altitude aircraft target and realizing the target positioning.
[0036] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.
[0037] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. An electrostatic radar device for detecting low-altitude aircraft, characterized in that, include: Metal spherical shell (1) is set to ground; Insulating material (2) is disposed on the surface of the metal spherical shell (1); Multiple electrostatic induction electrodes are embedded in the insulating material (2), and the array of multiple electrostatic induction electrodes is distributed on the surface of the metal spherical shell (1). The normal directions of the multiple electrostatic induction electrodes intersect at the geometric center of the metal spherical shell (1). The signal processing module includes a gating unit, a conditioning unit, and a processing unit; The gating unit is connected to the electrostatic induction electrode and is used to select a specified electrostatic induction electrode to be connected to the subsequent circuit in a time-division manner; the conditioning unit is configured to convert the induced charge signal into a voltage signal and amplify and filter it; the processing unit receives the digitized electrostatic signal and analyzes the spatial attitude information of the low-altitude aircraft based on the signal strength differences of different electrostatic induction electrodes.
2. The electrostatic radar device for detecting low-altitude aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrostatic induction electrodes are arranged along the meridians and parallels of the metal spherical shell (1), with 4-36 electrodes along the meridians and 6-36 electrodes along the parallels.
3. The electrostatic radar device for detecting low-altitude aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrostatic induction electrode has a sheet-like structure, including any one or more of the following shapes: circular, square, trapezoidal, or otherwise.
4. The electrostatic radar device for detecting low-altitude aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the electrostatic induction electrode is coated with a polymer insulating film layer.
5. The electrostatic radar device for detecting low-altitude aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that, A certain distance is provided between the surface of the electrostatic induction electrode and the outer surface of the metal spherical shell (1).
6. The electrostatic radar device for detecting low-altitude aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gating unit is a multi-channel analog switch matrix, and the gating unit is electrically connected to the processing unit.
7. A method for operating an electrostatic radar for detecting low-altitude aircraft, implemented according to the electrostatic radar device for detecting low-altitude aircraft as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: During standby, all electrostatic induction electrodes are connected in parallel to the signal link to monitor the overall electric field fluctuations in real time. When an electrostatic disturbance signal exceeding the threshold is detected, the system switches to the scanning and positioning phase. During the scanning and positioning phase, electrostatic induction electrodes with different spatial orientations are selected in a time-division manner, and the electrostatic signal intensity corresponding to each electrostatic induction electrode is extracted respectively. Based on the electrostatic signal intensity distribution, the azimuth and pitch angles of the low-altitude aircraft relative to the device are calculated. By fusing time-series signals from multiple sets of electrostatic induction electrodes, the distance and trajectory of the target are calculated.
8. The operating method of an electrostatic radar for detecting low-altitude aircraft according to claim 7, characterized in that, The scanning and positioning phase includes: First, select electrostatic induction electrodes along the same meridian direction, and compare the total intensity of each meridian to determine the target azimuth. Then select electrostatic induction electrodes along the same latitude direction and compare the total intensity of each latitude to determine the target pitch angle.
9. The operating method of an electrostatic radar for detecting low-altitude aircraft according to claim 7, characterized in that, The distance to the target is calculated based on the inversion of the attenuation gradient of the induction intensity of multiple electrostatic electrodes and the spatial correlation, and is dynamically corrected as the sampling is updated.
10. The operating method of an electrostatic radar for detecting low-altitude aircraft according to claim 7, characterized in that, During standby, a low sampling rate is used to reduce power consumption, and the sampling rate and channel resolution are only temporarily increased when a disturbance is detected.