Building security data management system and method based on internet of things

Abstract

The application discloses a building engineering building security data management system and method based on Internet of Things, and relates to the technical field of building security data management. The method comprises the following steps: collecting fire risk perception data, building emergency guide module basic operation data and environment perception data in a building; establishing a building three-dimensional space topology model, and dividing a dangerous area according to the fire risk perception data and the environment perception data; determining the relative position relationship between each person and the dangerous area according to the personnel distribution coordinates and the fire source position coordinates, and generating a personnel evacuation priority queue according to the danger grade; combining the building three-dimensional space topology model, the smoke spread direction and the evacuation priority queue, dynamically planning multiple evacuation routes and screening the multiple evacuation routes to obtain the optimal evacuation route of each person; and issuing the optimal evacuation route to the building emergency guide module in the corresponding area, controlling the emergency guide module to switch the guide direction, and updating the evacuation route in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building security data management technology, specifically to a building security data management system and method based on the Internet of Things. Background Technology

[0002] In fire safety management of building construction projects, fixed evacuation routes are typically pre-designed to provide basic guidance for occupants in emergency situations. However, existing fixed evacuation routes are planned in advance and cannot detect dynamic fire hazard information such as the location of the fire source and the direction of smoke spread in real time. When a fire occurs, if the fixed evacuation routes are covered by fire and smoke, occupants may still threaten their lives if they continue to escape along these routes. Therefore, a building security data management system and method capable of real-time fire situation detection and intelligent dynamic escape route planning is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a building security data management system and method based on the Internet of Things (IoT) to solve the problems raised in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for managing building security data in construction projects based on the Internet of Things, the method comprising: Collect fire hazard perception data, basic operational data of the building emergency guidance module, and environmental perception data within the building; among which, the locations where the building emergency guidance module is deployed include, but are not limited to, key locations such as building passageways, the connection points between functional areas and passageways, safety exits, and locations near safety exits; A three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building is established, and dangerous areas within the building are delineated based on the fire hazard perception data and environmental perception data. Based on the personnel distribution coordinates and the fire source location coordinates, determine the relative positional relationship between each person and the danger zone, sort them from high to low danger level, and generate a personnel evacuation priority queue. By combining the three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building, the direction of smoke spread and the evacuation priority queue, multiple evacuation routes are dynamically planned, and the optimal evacuation route for each person is obtained by filtering the multiple evacuation routes. The optimal evacuation route is sent to the building emergency guidance module in the corresponding area, and the building emergency guidance module is controlled to dynamically switch the guidance direction and update the evacuation route in real time.

[0005] Furthermore, the collection of fire hazard perception data within the building, basic operational data of the building emergency guidance module, and environmental perception data within the building includes: The building's first floor's long side is set as the X-axis, the first floor's short side as the Y-axis, and the building's floor height as the Z-axis, thus generating a three-dimensional coordinate system for the building. During building security monitoring, security monitoring data is continuously collected within the building at preset time intervals. This security monitoring data includes fire hazard perception data, environmental perception data, and basic operational data of the building emergency guidance module. Fire hazard perception data includes the coordinates of the fire source location, the speed of smoke spread, and the direction of smoke spread. Environmental perception data includes the temperature values, smoke concentration values, and personnel distribution coordinates of various areas within the building. Among them, location positioning technologies, such as UWB ultra-wideband indoor positioning technology, visual positioning technology, and Bluetooth AoA / AoD indoor positioning technology, are used to identify each monitoring target and generate location identifiers for each monitoring target. The monitoring targets include the location of the fire source, the location of personnel, and the location of the building emergency guidance module. The movement trajectory of the fire source, the spread trajectory of smoke, and the movement trajectory of personnel are tracked through the location identifiers, and the coordinates of the fire source location, the coordinates of the start of smoke spread, and the coordinates of personnel distribution are recorded. Extract the time point t1 when the smoke begins to spread and the time point t2 when the smoke spreads to the preset monitoring point from the security monitoring data, and calculate the spread rate V of the smoke;

[0006] Where (X1,Y1,Z1) are the starting coordinates of the flue gas spread; (X2,Y2,Z2) are the coordinates of the flue gas spread to the preset monitoring point; V represents the spread speed of the flue gas; Directional sensors are used to measure the direction of smoke spread and the direction of movement of people inside the building. The direction sensor uses the center of the first floor of the building as the reference point. The direction of smoke spread is the angle between the smoke diffusion path and the X-axis of the building. The direction of movement of people is the angle between the people's movement path and the X-axis of the building. Based on the location identifiers of the monitoring targets, the coordinates of the fire source location, the speed of smoke spread, the direction of smoke spread, the temperature value, the smoke concentration value, the personnel distribution coordinates, and the basic operational data of the building emergency guidance module corresponding to the same monitoring area are classified and stored.

[0007] Furthermore, a three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building is established, and based on the fire hazard perception data and environmental perception data, the hazardous areas within the building are delineated, including: Import the CAD drawings of the building structure, extract the three-dimensional structural parameters of the building's interior walls, passages, safety exits, and functional areas, and combine them with the building's three-dimensional coordinate system to construct a three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building, including spatial nodes and connectivity relationships. Assign a unique three-dimensional coordinate identifier to each spatial node in the three-dimensional spatial topology model. In this invention, the spatial nodes are digital coordinate points corresponding to the actual location of the building (such as corridor corners, safety exits, room doors, etc.) in the three-dimensional coordinate system of the building. Each point has a unique three-dimensional coordinate, is bound to the security monitoring data of the corresponding location, and can also reflect the passage and connection relationship with other points. It is the core basic unit for building a three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building and planning evacuation routes. Using the coordinates of the fire source's location as the geometric origin, several spatial rays with geometric origins are drawn along the direction of smoke spread. The intersection of these rays with the geometric boundary lines of the building structure in the three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building is calculated. If there are rays that do not intersect with the geometric boundary lines, the current smoke spread image acquired by the image acquisition device is obtained. The smoke range contour is obtained through an edge detection algorithm, and the intersection points of the rays with the smoke range contour are extracted. The intersection points outside the smoke range contour are deleted, and the remaining intersection points are connected to form the fire source radiation envelope. Extract spatial nodes from the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model that intersect with the interior and edge of the fire source's radiation envelope, divide the connected regions formed by these spatial nodes into hazardous areas, and encode these hazardous areas in the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model.

[0008] Furthermore, based on the personnel distribution coordinates and the fire source location coordinates, the relative positional relationship between each person and the danger zone is determined, and personnel are sorted from high to low danger level to generate a personnel evacuation priority queue, including: Based on the personnel distribution coordinates, each person is matched to the corresponding spatial node in the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model. The three-dimensional straight-line distance L between the spatial node where each person is located and the boundary node of the danger zone is extracted. At the same time, the estimated time T=L / V for smoke to spread from the boundary node of the danger zone to the spatial node where the person is located is calculated, where V is the smoke spread speed. With the geometric center of the hazardous area as the origin O, a local three-dimensional sub-coordinate system O-X'Y'Z' is established for the hazardous area. The X', Y', and Z' axes are parallel to the X, Y, and Z axes of the building three-dimensional coordinate system, respectively. The building three-dimensional coordinates (X,Y,Z) of the spatial node where the personnel are located are converted into local sub-coordinate system coordinates (X',Y',Z'), and the geometric position of the personnel in the local sub-coordinate system is marked. The radial distance R between the person and the geometric center of the danger zone in the local sub-coordinate system is calculated using the person's local sub-coordinate system coordinates (X', Y', Z').

[0009] Preset critical thresholds T0 and R0; if T≤T0 or R≤R0, the location of the person is determined to be at level 1 danger; if T0<T≤2T0 and R0<R≤2R0, the location of the person is determined to be at level 2 danger; if T>2T0 and R>2R0, the location of the person is determined to be at level 3 danger. All personnel in the building are classified into levels according to their hazard level. Personnel within the same hazard level are sorted in ascending order of estimated time T. If the estimated time T is the same, they are sorted in ascending order of radial distance R. Based on the hierarchical classification of personnel, a personnel evacuation priority queue is generated, and each person in the personnel evacuation priority queue is assigned a unique priority code. The priority code, personnel distribution coordinates, and hazard level information are associated and synchronously stored in the building security data storage module, and mapped to the corresponding spatial node in the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model.

[0010] Furthermore, by combining the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model, the direction of smoke spread, and the evacuation priority queue, multiple evacuation routes are dynamically planned, including: Based on the spatial node connectivity of the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model, the spatial nodes where each person is located in the personnel evacuation priority queue are taken as the evacuation starting point, and the spatial nodes corresponding to the safety exits within the building are taken as the evacuation endpoints. Adjacent nodes between the evacuation starting point and the evacuation endpoint are connected sequentially to form an evacuation route topology map. Spatial nodes belonging to dangerous areas and the connecting edges between spatial nodes in the evacuation route topology map are removed. The safe exits mentioned above refer to the exits that are accessible, as identified through monitoring equipment. For each person, extract all feasible connecting paths from the evacuation start point to the evacuation end point from the evacuation route topology map, extract the spatial node coordinates and area codes of each feasible connecting path, and form multiple candidate evacuation routes.

[0011] Furthermore, multiple evacuation routes are filtered to obtain the optimal evacuation route for each individual, including: Calculate the total path length, the number of spatial nodes passed through the path, and the minimum straight-line distance between the path and the danger zone for each candidate evacuation route; The evaluation indicators for each candidate evacuation route were standardized, and the comprehensive score for each candidate evacuation route was calculated based on the standardized evaluation indicators.

[0012] Where P is the overall score of each candidate evacuation route, and S is the total path length of each candidate evacuation route. max The maximum total path length among all candidate evacuation routes is N, where N is the number of spatial nodes traversed by each candidate evacuation route.max D represents the maximum number of spatial nodes traversed by all candidate evacuation routes, and D represents the minimum straight-line distance between each candidate evacuation route and the danger zone. max The maximum value of the minimum straight-line distance to the danger zone among all candidate evacuation routes; , , The weights of each indicator are: The weights are dynamically adjusted according to the fire risk situation; the higher the fire risk level, the greater the weight percentage. The candidate evacuation route with the highest comprehensive score P is selected as the optimal evacuation route for that person.

[0013] Furthermore, the building emergency guidance module that distributes the optimal evacuation route to the corresponding area includes: Extract all spatial nodes along the optimal evacuation route, match the corresponding physical area based on the area code of each spatial node, and obtain the device code, location identifier and basic operation data of all building emergency guidance modules in the physical area; Effective guidance modules with normal power supply and communication are selected from the basic operational data of the building emergency guidance module; the spatial node route codes, travel sequence, and travel direction information of the optimal evacuation route are encapsulated according to the communication protocol of the building Internet of Things to form the route guidance instructions corresponding to each optimal evacuation route; among them, the travel direction information is the angle between the route and the X-axis in the building's three-dimensional coordinate system; The route guidance instructions are sent to the corresponding valid guidance modules according to the area code, and the instruction feedback information is received from the valid guidance modules after the instructions are sent.

[0014] Furthermore, the control module for switching building emergency guidance directions includes: After receiving the route guidance instruction, the effective guidance module parses the angle value of the direction of travel in the instruction and determines the physical guidance direction by combining it with the location identifier in the building's three-dimensional coordinate system. Based on the analyzed physical guidance direction, the driving arrow changes to the corresponding angle to complete the dynamic switching of the guidance direction. At the same time, the emergency lighting function of the effective guidance module is activated to improve the visibility of the guidance. After the effective guidance module completes the direction switch, it uploads the current guidance direction, device code, switching time and other status information to the building security management terminal. The building security management terminal associates the status information with the corresponding area code and route code and updates it synchronously to the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model.

[0015] Furthermore, real-time updates of evacuation routes include: Fire risk perception data and environmental perception data are continuously collected within the building at preset time intervals, and the collected data is synchronously updated to the corresponding spatial nodes of the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model. Based on the updated fire risk perception data, the area boundaries of the danger zone are redefined and the corresponding area codes are updated. It is also determined whether there are any spatial nodes in the planned optimal evacuation routes that are covered by the newly added danger zone. If the optimal evacuation route has covered spatial nodes or connected edges, the route replanning process is immediately triggered. The replanned optimal evacuation route generates a new route guidance instruction, which is sent to the building emergency guidance module in the corresponding area. The building emergency guidance module is then controlled to switch the guidance direction again. At the same time, the route update information is synchronized to the building security management terminal to complete the full-link update of the evacuation route. After the personnel have completed the evacuation and entered the safe area, the personnel are removed from the evacuation priority queue, and their corresponding optimal evacuation route code is cancelled, releasing the spatial node resources occupied by the path.

[0016] Furthermore, to better implement the above method, an IoT-based building security data management system is also provided. This management system includes: a data acquisition module, a model building module, a region division module, a priority generation module, a route planning module, a route filtering module, an instruction issuance module, an emergency guidance and control module, and an update module. The data acquisition module is used to collect fire risk sensing data, basic operational data of the building emergency guidance module, and environmental sensing data within the building. The model building module is used to create a three-dimensional spatial topology model of a building. The area division module is used to divide the dangerous areas within the building based on the fire risk perception data and environmental perception data; The priority generation module is used to determine the relative positional relationship between each person and the danger zone based on the personnel distribution coordinates and the fire source location coordinates, sort them from high to low danger level, and generate a personnel evacuation priority queue. The route planning module is used to dynamically plan multiple evacuation routes by combining the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model, the direction of smoke spread, and the evacuation priority queue. The route filtering module is used to filter multiple evacuation routes and obtain the optimal evacuation route for each person. The instruction issuing module is used to issue the optimal evacuation route to the building emergency guidance module in the corresponding area; The emergency guidance control module is used to control the dynamic switching of guidance directions by the building emergency guidance module; The update module is used to update evacuation routes in real time.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention establishes a three-dimensional spatial topology model of a building and combines it with real-time collected fire hazard perception data and environmental perception data to dynamically divide dangerous areas within the building. This solves the problem that traditional fixed evacuation routes cannot detect the location of the fire source and the direction of smoke spread, thus avoiding the hidden danger of guiding evacuees to dangerous areas.

[0018] 2. This invention calculates the relative positional relationship between each person and the dangerous area and the estimated time of smoke spread by analyzing the correlation between the personnel distribution coordinates and the fire source location coordinates. It generates a personnel evacuation priority queue according to the danger level, ensuring that personnel in high-risk areas can receive evacuation guidance first, thereby improving the orderliness and targeting of personnel evacuation in emergency situations.

[0019] 3. This invention combines the direction of smoke spread with the evacuation priority queue to dynamically plan multiple evacuation routes. It also comprehensively evaluates and selects the optimal route through multiple indicators such as path length, number of nodes, and distance from dangerous areas, ensuring that the planned evacuation routes can effectively avoid dangerous areas and have high traffic efficiency.

[0020] 4. This invention distributes the optimal evacuation route to the building emergency guidance module in the corresponding area, controls the building emergency guidance module to dynamically switch guidance directions, and simultaneously activates the emergency lighting function, realizing dynamic adjustment and visual enhancement of evacuation guidance, enabling evacuees to obtain the safest direction of travel in real time.

[0021] 5. This invention continuously updates fire risk perception data and environmental perception data at preset time intervals, identifies in real time whether the planned route is covered by newly added dangerous areas, and immediately triggers the replanning process once the route is found to be blocked, and reissues the updated route to the building emergency guidance module, forming a dynamic update mechanism for the entire chain, ensuring that the evacuation guidance is always synchronized with the on-site fire risk situation, and maximizing the protection of personnel safety. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method of a building security data management system and method based on the Internet of Things in this invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of the Internet of Things-based building security data management system and method for construction projects according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1: As Figure 1-2As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for managing building security data in construction projects based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This management method includes: Collect fire hazard sensing data, basic operational data of building emergency guidance modules, and environmental sensing data within buildings; A three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building is established, and dangerous areas within the building are delineated based on the fire hazard perception data and environmental perception data. Based on the personnel distribution coordinates and the fire source location coordinates, determine the relative positional relationship between each person and the danger zone, sort them from high to low danger level, and generate a personnel evacuation priority queue. By combining the three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building, the direction of smoke spread and the evacuation priority queue, multiple evacuation routes are dynamically planned, and the optimal evacuation route for each person is obtained by filtering the multiple evacuation routes. The optimal evacuation route is sent to the building emergency guidance module in the corresponding area, and the building emergency guidance module is controlled to dynamically switch the guidance direction and update the evacuation route in real time. The data collected includes fire hazard perception data within buildings, basic operational data from building emergency guidance modules, and environmental perception data within buildings. The building's first floor's long side is set as the X-axis, the first floor's short side as the Y-axis, and the building's floor height as the Z-axis, thus generating a three-dimensional coordinate system for the building. During building security monitoring, security monitoring data is continuously collected within the building at preset time intervals. This security monitoring data includes fire hazard perception data, environmental perception data, and basic operational data of the building emergency guidance module. Fire hazard perception data includes the coordinates of the fire source location, the speed of smoke spread, and the direction of smoke spread. Environmental perception data includes the temperature values, smoke concentration values, and personnel distribution coordinates of various areas within the building. Among them, location positioning technology is used to identify each monitoring target and generate location identifiers for each monitoring target; the monitoring targets include the location of the fire source, the location of personnel, and the location of the building emergency guidance module; the location identifiers are used to track the movement trajectory of the fire source, the spread trajectory of smoke, and the movement trajectory of personnel, and record the coordinates of the fire source location, the coordinates of the start of the smoke spread, and the coordinates of the personnel distribution. Extract the time point t1 when the smoke begins to spread and the time point t2 when the smoke spreads to the preset monitoring point from the security monitoring data, and calculate the spread rate V of the smoke; Directional sensors are used to measure the direction of smoke spread and the direction of movement of people inside the building. The direction sensor uses the center of the first floor of the building as the reference point. The direction of smoke spread is the angle between the smoke diffusion path and the X-axis of the building. The direction of movement of people is the angle between the people's movement path and the X-axis of the building. Based on the location identifiers of the monitoring targets, the coordinates of the fire source location, the speed of smoke spread, the direction of smoke spread, the temperature value, the smoke concentration value, the personnel distribution coordinates, and the basic operational data of the building emergency guidance module corresponding to the same monitoring area are classified and stored. In an embodiment of the present invention, a smoke sensor, a temperature sensor, a UWB positioning tag, and an intelligent emergency guidance module were deployed in a high-rise office building. The system collects data every 2 seconds to obtain the location of the fire source, the speed of smoke spread, the direction of smoke, the coordinates of personnel distribution, and records that the power supply status of the emergency guidance module is normal. This includes establishing a three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building and, based on the fire hazard perception data and environmental perception data, delineating hazardous areas within the building, including: Import the CAD drawings of the building structure, extract the three-dimensional structural parameters of the building's interior walls, passages, safety exits, and functional areas, and combine them with the building's three-dimensional coordinate system to construct a three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building, including spatial nodes and connectivity relationships. Assign a unique three-dimensional coordinate identifier to each spatial node in the three-dimensional spatial topology model. Using the coordinates of the fire source's location as the geometric origin, several spatial rays with geometric origins are drawn along the direction of smoke spread. The intersection of these rays with the geometric boundary lines of the building structure in the three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building is calculated. If there are rays that do not intersect with the geometric boundary lines, the current smoke spread image acquired by the image acquisition device is obtained. The smoke range contour is obtained through an edge detection algorithm, and the intersection points of the rays with the smoke range contour are extracted. The intersection points outside the smoke range contour are deleted, and the remaining intersection points are connected to form the fire source radiation envelope. Extract the spatial nodes in the three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building that intersect with the interior and edge of the radiation envelope of the fire source, divide the connected regions formed by the spatial nodes into dangerous areas, and encode the dangerous areas in the three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building. In an embodiment of the present invention, the system imports the CAD drawings of the office building and constructs a three-dimensional topology model; calculates the range and location of the danger zone based on real-time data, marks the conference room on the east side of the 3rd floor and the surrounding passage as "danger zone", and marks them in the model; Specifically, based on the coordinates of personnel distribution and the location of the fire source, the relative positional relationship between each person and the danger zone is determined, and personnel are sorted from high to low danger level to generate a personnel evacuation priority queue, including: Based on the personnel distribution coordinates, each person is matched to the corresponding spatial node in the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model. The three-dimensional straight-line distance between each person's spatial node and the boundary node of the hazardous area is extracted. At the same time, the estimated time for smoke to spread from the boundary node of the hazardous area to the spatial node where the person is located is calculated. With the geometric center of the hazardous area as the origin O, a local three-dimensional sub-coordinate system O-X'Y'Z' is established for the hazardous area. The X', Y', and Z' axes are parallel to the X, Y, and Z axes of the building three-dimensional coordinate system, respectively. The building three-dimensional coordinates (X,Y,Z) of the spatial node where the personnel are located are converted into local sub-coordinate system coordinates (X',Y',Z'), and the geometric position of the personnel in the local sub-coordinate system is marked. The radial distance R between the person and the geometric center of the danger zone in the local sub-coordinate system is calculated using the person's local sub-coordinate system coordinates (X', Y', Z'). Preset critical thresholds T0 and R0; if T≤T0 or R≤R0, the location of the person is determined to be at level 1 danger; if T0<T≤2T0 and R0<R≤2R0, the location of the person is determined to be at level 2 danger; if T>2T0 and R>2R0, the location of the person is determined to be at level 3 danger. All personnel in the building are classified into levels according to their hazard level. Personnel within the same hazard level are sorted in ascending order of estimated time T. If the estimated time T is the same, they are sorted in ascending order of radial distance R. Based on the hierarchical classification of personnel, a personnel evacuation priority queue is generated, and each person in the personnel evacuation priority queue is assigned a unique priority code. The priority code, personnel distribution coordinates, and hazard level information are associated and synchronously stored in the building security data storage module, and mapped to the corresponding spatial nodes of the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model. In an embodiment of the present invention, the system identifies that among the 5 people in the 3rd-floor corridor, 2 people are only 5 meters away from the fire source, and the smoke is expected to arrive within 10 seconds, which is determined to be "Level 1 Danger"; the other 3 people are 15 meters away from the fire source, and the smoke is expected to arrive within 30 seconds, which is determined to be "Level 2 Danger". According to the danger level and time, a priority queue is generated: P001 and P002 are Level 1, and P003~P005 are Level 2; where P001~P005 are personnel numbers; Among them, by combining the three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building, the direction of smoke spread, and the evacuation priority queue, multiple evacuation routes are dynamically planned, including: Based on the spatial node connectivity of the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model, the spatial nodes where each person is located in the personnel evacuation priority queue are taken as the evacuation starting point, and the spatial nodes corresponding to the safety exits within the building are taken as the evacuation endpoints. Adjacent nodes between the evacuation starting point and the evacuation endpoint are connected sequentially to form an evacuation route topology map. Spatial nodes belonging to dangerous areas and the connecting edges between spatial nodes in the evacuation route topology map are removed. For each person, extract all feasible connecting paths from the evacuation start point to the evacuation end point from the evacuation route topology map, extract all spatial node coordinates and area codes of each feasible connecting path, and form multiple candidate evacuation routes. In an embodiment of the present invention, for the highest priority P001, the system takes its location (middle of the 3rd floor corridor) as the starting point and the south safety exit on the 1st floor as the ending point, and after eliminating dangerous area nodes, plans three candidate routes: Route A (going down via staircase A), Route B (going down via staircase B), and Route C (going around to staircase C via the connecting corridor). Among these steps, the process of filtering multiple evacuation routes to obtain the optimal evacuation route for each individual includes: Calculate the total path length, the number of spatial nodes passed through the path, and the minimum straight-line distance between the path and the danger zone for each candidate evacuation route; The evaluation indicators for each candidate evacuation route are standardized, and the comprehensive score of each candidate evacuation route is calculated based on the standardized evaluation indicators. The candidate evacuation route with the highest comprehensive score is selected as the optimal evacuation route for that person. In an embodiment of the present invention, three candidate routes are scored: Route A has the shortest length (45m), fewer nodes (6), and is farther from the danger zone (8m), and has the highest overall score, so it is selected as the optimal route P001; Route B is second, and Route C is eliminated because it is too close to the danger zone; The building emergency guidance module, which distributes the optimal evacuation routes to the corresponding areas, includes: Extract all spatial nodes along the optimal evacuation route, match the corresponding physical area based on the area code of each spatial node, and obtain the device code, location identifier and basic operation data of all building emergency guidance modules in the physical area; Effective guidance modules with normal power supply and communication are selected from the basic operational data of the building emergency guidance module; the spatial node route codes, travel sequence, and travel direction information of the optimal evacuation route are encapsulated according to the communication protocol of the building Internet of Things to form the route guidance instructions corresponding to each optimal evacuation route; among them, the travel direction information is the angle between the route and the X-axis in the building's three-dimensional coordinate system; The route guidance instructions are sent to the corresponding valid guidance modules according to the area code, and the instruction feedback information of the valid guidance modules is received after the instructions are sent. In an embodiment of the present invention, spatial nodes (such as 3rd floor corridor node A1, staircase node B2, 1st floor exit node C3) are extracted from route A, matched with the corresponding area's emergency guidance module (device ID: EXIT-301, EXIT-302), and the encapsulated instructions include the travel sequence and direction angle, which are then sent to the emergency guidance module via the Internet of Things. The control building emergency guidance module includes switching guidance directions as follows: After receiving the route guidance instruction, the effective guidance module parses the angle value of the direction of travel in the instruction and determines the physical guidance direction by combining it with the position mark in the three-dimensional coordinate system of the building. Based on the analyzed physical guidance direction, the driving indicator arrow changes to the corresponding angle, and at the same time, the emergency lighting function of the effective guidance module is activated; After the effective guidance module completes the direction switch, it uploads the current status information to the building security management terminal. The building security management terminal associates the status information with the corresponding area code and route code, and updates it synchronously to the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model. In an embodiment of the present invention, after receiving the instruction, the emergency guidance module EXIT-301 parses "turn right 45°", drives the arrow to turn in the corresponding direction, and activates the emergency lighting; after completion, it uploads the status information to the management terminal, and the system update model displays that the current guidance direction of the emergency guidance module is "turn right"; The real-time updates of evacuation routes include: Fire risk perception data and environmental perception data are continuously collected within the building at preset time intervals, and the collected data is synchronously updated to the corresponding spatial nodes of the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model. Based on the updated fire risk perception data, the area boundaries of the danger zone are redefined and the corresponding area codes are updated. It is also determined whether there are any spatial nodes in the planned optimal evacuation routes that are covered by the newly added danger zone. If the optimal evacuation route has covered spatial nodes or connected edges, the route replanning process is immediately triggered. The replanned optimal evacuation route generates a new route guidance instruction, which is sent to the building emergency guidance module in the corresponding area. The building emergency guidance module is then controlled to switch the guidance direction again. At the same time, the route update information is synchronized to the building security management terminal to complete the full-link update of the evacuation route. After the personnel have completed the evacuation and entered the safe area, the personnel are removed from the evacuation priority queue, and their corresponding optimal evacuation route code is cancelled, releasing the spatial node resources occupied by the path. In an embodiment of the present invention, when person P001 arrives at the first-floor safety exit, the system removes them from the priority queue, cancels the route code, and releases node resources; at the same time, the model is updated to show that the person has been safely evacuated, avoiding redundant planning; Example 2: In order to better implement the above method, an Internet of Things-based building security data management system is also provided. The management system includes: a data acquisition module, a model building module, a region division module, a priority generation module, a route planning module, a route filtering module, an instruction issuance module, an emergency guidance and control module, and an update module. The data acquisition module is used to collect fire risk sensing data, basic operational data of the building emergency guidance module, and environmental sensing data within the building. The model building module is used to create a three-dimensional spatial topology model of a building. The area division module is used to divide the dangerous areas within the building based on the fire risk perception data and environmental perception data; The priority generation module is used to determine the relative positional relationship between each person and the danger zone based on the personnel distribution coordinates and the fire source location coordinates, sort them from high to low danger level, and generate a personnel evacuation priority queue. The route planning module is used to dynamically plan multiple evacuation routes by combining the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model, the direction of smoke spread, and the evacuation priority queue. The route filtering module is used to filter multiple evacuation routes and obtain the optimal evacuation route for each person. The instruction issuing module is used to issue the optimal evacuation route to the building emergency guidance module in the corresponding area; The emergency guidance control module is used to control the dynamic switching of guidance directions by the building emergency guidance module; The update module is used to update evacuation routes in real time.

[0025] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for managing building security data in construction projects based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that: The management method includes: Collect fire hazard sensing data, basic operational data of building emergency guidance modules, and environmental sensing data within buildings; A three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building is established, and dangerous areas within the building are delineated based on the fire hazard perception data and environmental perception data. Based on the personnel distribution coordinates and the fire source location coordinates, determine the relative positional relationship between each person and the danger zone, sort them from high to low danger level, and generate a personnel evacuation priority queue. By combining the three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building, the direction of smoke spread and the evacuation priority queue, multiple evacuation routes are dynamically planned, and the optimal evacuation route for each person is obtained by filtering the multiple evacuation routes. The optimal evacuation route is sent to the building emergency guidance module in the corresponding area, and the building emergency guidance module is controlled to dynamically switch the guidance direction and update the evacuation route in real time.

2. The method for managing building security data based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collected fire hazard sensing data, basic operational data of the building emergency guidance module, and environmental sensing data within the building include: The building's first floor's long side is set as the X-axis, the first floor's short side as the Y-axis, and the building's floor height as the Z-axis, thus generating a three-dimensional coordinate system for the building. During building security monitoring, security monitoring data is continuously collected within the building at preset time intervals. This security monitoring data includes fire hazard sensing data, environmental sensing data, and basic operational data from the building emergency guidance module. The fire hazard sensing data includes the coordinates of the fire source location, the smoke spread speed, and the smoke spread direction. The environmental sensing data includes the temperature values, smoke concentration values, and personnel distribution coordinates for each area within the building. Specifically, location positioning technology is used to identify each monitoring target and generate location identifiers for each target. The monitoring targets include the location of the fire source, the location of personnel, and the location of the building emergency guidance module. The location identifiers are used to track the movement trajectory of the fire source, the spread trajectory of the smoke, and the movement trajectory of personnel, and record the coordinates of the fire source location, the coordinates of the start of the smoke spread, and the coordinates of the personnel distribution. Extract the time point t1 when the smoke begins to spread and the time point t2 when the smoke spreads to the preset monitoring point from the security monitoring data, and calculate the spread rate V of the smoke; A directional sensor is used to measure the direction of smoke spread and the direction of movement of people inside the building; wherein, the directional sensor uses the center of the first floor of the building as a reference point; the direction of smoke spread is the angle between the smoke diffusion path and the X-axis of the building; the direction of movement of people is the angle between the people's walking path and the X-axis of the building; Based on the location identifier of the monitored target, the coordinates of the fire source location, the smoke spread speed, the smoke spread direction, the temperature value, the smoke concentration value, the personnel distribution coordinates, and the basic operating data of the building emergency guidance module corresponding to the same monitoring area are classified and stored.

3. The method for managing building security data based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: A three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building is established, and based on the fire hazard perception data and environmental perception data, the hazardous areas within the building are delineated, including: Import the CAD drawings of the building structure, extract the three-dimensional structural parameters of the building's interior walls, passages, safety exits, and functional areas, and combine them with the building's three-dimensional coordinate system to construct a three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building, including spatial nodes and connectivity relationships. Assign a unique three-dimensional coordinate identifier to each spatial node in the three-dimensional spatial topology model. Using the coordinates of the fire source's location as the geometric origin, several spatial rays with geometric origins are drawn along the direction of smoke spread. The intersection of these rays with the geometric boundary lines of the building structure in the three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building is calculated. If there are rays that do not intersect with the geometric boundary lines, the current smoke spread image acquired by the image acquisition device is obtained. The smoke range contour is obtained through an edge detection algorithm, and the intersection points of the rays with the smoke range contour are extracted. The intersection points outside the smoke range contour are deleted, and the remaining intersection points are connected to form the fire source radiation envelope. Extract spatial nodes from the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model that intersect with the interior and edge of the fire source's radiation envelope, divide the connected regions formed by these spatial nodes into hazardous areas, and encode these hazardous areas in the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model.

4. The method for managing building security data based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the coordinates of personnel distribution and the location of the fire source, the relative positional relationship between each person and the danger zone is determined, and personnel are sorted from highest to lowest danger level to generate a personnel evacuation priority queue, including: Based on the personnel distribution coordinates, each person is matched to the corresponding spatial node in the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model. The three-dimensional straight-line distance between each person's spatial node and the boundary node of the hazardous area is extracted. At the same time, the estimated time T for smoke to spread from the boundary node of the hazardous area to the spatial node where the person is located is calculated. With the geometric center of the hazardous area as the origin O, a local three-dimensional sub-coordinate system O-X'Y'Z' is established for the hazardous area. The X', Y', and Z' axes are parallel to the X, Y, and Z axes of the building three-dimensional coordinate system, respectively. The building three-dimensional coordinates (X,Y,Z) of the spatial node where the personnel are located are converted into local sub-coordinate system coordinates (X',Y',Z'), and the geometric position of the personnel in the local sub-coordinate system is marked. The radial distance R between the person and the geometric center of the danger zone in the local sub-coordinate system is calculated using the person's local sub-coordinate system coordinates (X', Y', Z'). Preset critical thresholds T0 and R0 are used. If T≤T0 or R≤R0, the person's location is determined to be at level 1 danger. If T0<T≤2T0 and R0<R≤2R0, the person's location is determined to be at level 2 danger. If T>2T0 and R>2R0, the person's location is determined to be at level 3 danger. All personnel in the building are classified into levels according to their hazard level. Personnel within the same hazard level are sorted in ascending order of estimated time T. If the estimated time T is the same, they are sorted in ascending order of radial distance R. Based on the hierarchical classification of personnel, a personnel evacuation priority queue is generated, and each person in the priority queue is assigned a unique priority code. The priority code, personnel distribution coordinates, and hazard level information are associated and synchronously stored in the building security data storage module, and mapped to the corresponding spatial node in the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model.

5. The method for managing building security data based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: Combining the building's 3D spatial topology model, the direction of smoke spread, and evacuation priority queues, multiple evacuation routes are dynamically planned, including: Based on the spatial node connectivity of the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model, the spatial nodes where each person is located in the personnel evacuation priority queue are taken as the evacuation starting point, and the spatial nodes corresponding to the safety exits within the building are taken as the evacuation endpoints. Adjacent nodes between the evacuation starting point and the evacuation endpoint are connected sequentially to form an evacuation route topology map. Spatial nodes belonging to dangerous areas and the connecting edges between spatial nodes in the evacuation route topology map are removed. For each person, extract all feasible connecting paths from the evacuation start point to the evacuation end point from the evacuation route topology map, extract the spatial node coordinates and area codes of each feasible connecting path, and form multiple candidate evacuation routes.

6. The method for managing building security data based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple evacuation routes were filtered to obtain the optimal evacuation route for each individual, including: Calculate the total path length, the number of spatial nodes passed through the path, and the minimum straight-line distance between the path and the danger zone for each candidate evacuation route; The evaluation indicators for each candidate evacuation route are standardized, and the comprehensive score for each candidate evacuation route is calculated based on the standardized evaluation indicators. The candidate evacuation route with the highest comprehensive score is selected as the optimal evacuation route for that person.

7. The method for managing building security data based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The building emergency guidance module that distributes the optimal evacuation route to the corresponding area includes: Extract all spatial nodes along the optimal evacuation route, match the corresponding physical area according to the area code of each spatial node, and obtain the device code, location identifier and basic operation data of all building emergency guidance modules in the physical area; Effective guidance modules with normal power supply and communication are selected from the basic operational data of the building emergency guidance module; the spatial node route codes, travel sequence, and travel direction information of the optimal evacuation route are encapsulated according to the communication protocol of the building Internet of Things to form the route guidance instructions corresponding to each optimal evacuation route; among them, the travel direction information is the angle between the route and the X-axis in the building's three-dimensional coordinate system; The route guidance instructions are sent to the corresponding valid guidance modules according to the area code, and the instruction feedback information is received from the valid guidance modules after the instructions are sent.

8. The method for managing building security data based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module for building emergency guidance allows switching of guidance directions, including: After receiving the route guidance instruction, the effective guidance module parses the angle value of the direction of travel in the instruction and determines the physical guidance direction by combining it with the position mark in the three-dimensional coordinate system of the building. Based on the analyzed physical guidance direction, the driving indicator arrow changes to the corresponding angle, and at the same time, the emergency lighting function of the effective guidance module is activated; After the effective guidance module completes the direction switch, it uploads the current status information to the building security management terminal. The building security management terminal associates the status information with the corresponding area code and route code, and updates it synchronously to the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model.

9. A method for managing building security data based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: Real-time updates of evacuation routes include: Fire risk perception data and environmental perception data are continuously collected within the building at preset time intervals, and the collected data is synchronously updated to the corresponding spatial nodes of the building's three-dimensional spatial topology model. Based on the updated fire risk perception data, the area boundaries of the danger zone are redefined and the corresponding area codes are updated. It is also determined whether there are any spatial nodes in the planned optimal evacuation routes that are covered by the newly added danger zone. If the optimal evacuation route has covered spatial nodes or connecting edges, the route replanning process is immediately triggered. The replanned optimal evacuation route generates a new route guidance instruction, which is sent to the building emergency guidance module in the corresponding area. The building emergency guidance module is then controlled to switch the guidance direction again. At the same time, the route update information is synchronized to the building security management terminal to complete the full-link update of the evacuation route.

10. A building security data management system based on the Internet of Things (IoT), used to execute the building security data management method based on the IoT as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The management system includes: a data acquisition module, a model building module, a region division module, a priority generation module, a route planning module, a route filtering module, an instruction issuance module, an emergency guidance and control module, and an update module; The data acquisition module is used to collect fire risk perception data, basic operational data of the building emergency guidance module, and environmental perception data within the building. The model building module is used to establish a three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building; The area division module is used to divide dangerous areas within a building based on the fire risk perception data and environmental perception data. The priority generation module is used to determine the relative positional relationship between each person and the dangerous area based on the personnel distribution coordinates and the fire source location coordinates, sort them from high to low danger level, and generate a personnel evacuation priority queue. The route planning module is used to dynamically plan multiple evacuation routes by combining the three-dimensional spatial topology model of the building, the direction of smoke spread and the evacuation priority queue. The route filtering module is used to filter multiple evacuation routes to obtain the optimal evacuation route for each person. The instruction issuing module is used to issue the optimal evacuation route to the building emergency guidance module in the corresponding area; The emergency guidance control module is used to control the building emergency guidance module to dynamically switch guidance directions; The update module is used to update evacuation routes in real time.

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