Temperature adaptive electrolyte and lithium ion battery

By using an electrolyte containing lithium salts, carbonate solvents, and fluorinated carbonate additives, along with crosslinkable polymer monomers, a temperature-adaptive electrolyte is formed in lithium-ion batteries. This solves the safety issues of lithium-ion batteries under high voltage and thermal abuse conditions, and improves long-cycle stability and thermal safety under high voltage.

CN122370474APending Publication Date: 2026-07-10BEIJING INST OF TECH
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202610652163.0
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2026-05-13
Publication Date
2026-07-10

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing lithium-ion batteries have safety bottlenecks under high voltage and thermal abuse conditions. In particular, traditional electrolytes exhibit severe exothermic reactions during oxidation decomposition and thermal runaway under high voltage. Existing solid electrolytes have issues with compatibility and cost, and in-situ polymerization strategies struggle to balance electrochemical performance and safety.

Method used

An electrolyte containing lithium salts, carbonate solvents, and fluorinated carbonate additives is used. Polymer monomers that can cross-link and polymerize at 80~100℃ are added to form a temperature-adaptive electrolyte. A solid electrolyte interface film is formed at room temperature, and a thermally stable polymer layer is formed by in-situ cross-linking and polymerization at high temperature. This isolates the electrode from the electrolyte and prevents gas crosstalk.

Benefits of technology

It maintains excellent electrochemical performance at room temperature, while significantly improving safety under thermal abuse conditions, delaying or preventing thermal runaway, increasing the thermal runaway trigger temperature and self-heating time, and achieving long-cycle stability and thermal safety under high pressure.

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Abstract

This invention relates to a temperature-adaptive electrolyte and a lithium-ion battery, belonging to the field of lithium-ion battery technology. The electrolyte comprises an electrolyte solution and a polymer monomer; the electrolyte solution is composed of lithium salt, carbonate solvent, and fluorinated carbonate additives; the polymer monomer is a monomer with an unsaturated double bond or cyclic structure capable of cross-linking polymerization at 80-100°C. This invention, through a temperature-adaptive mechanism of "room temperature rich inorganic interface - high temperature in-situ curing," not only avoids sacrificing electrochemical performance at room temperature but also enhances interfacial stability through the participation of polymerizable monomers in film formation, while significantly improving battery safety under thermal abuse conditions. Simultaneously, the polymer interface layer formed at high temperature effectively suppresses the electrode / electrolyte exothermic reaction and gas crosstalk in the early stages of thermal runaway (<150°C), achieving full-stage, multi-path synergistic suppression of the thermal runaway process.
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