Methods, architectures, apparatuses, and systems for uplink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) precoding in full duplex systems

Abstract

Methods, apparatus, devices, and computer program products for indicating a leakage matrix for UL MIMO precoding are described. One method may include receiving a set of ZP resources for FD leakage measurement and performing leakage measurement. If a codebook-based UL transmission is configured, the method may include sending an LMI indicating the set of FD leakage information, receiving a first TPMI and a second TPMI, determining one of the TPMIs to be used for the UL transmission, and applying a selected precoder (e.g., the first TPMI or the second TPMI), and / or transmitting the UL transmission on the planned resources. If a non-codebook-based UL transmission is configured, the method may include sending an indication of a subset of SRS ports causing the highest leakage, receiving a first SRI and a second SRI, determining one of the SRIs to be used for the UL transmission, and transmitting the UL transmission using the indicated SRS port on the planned resources.

Description

Cross-references to related applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application 63 / 615,444, filed December 28, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0002] The exemplary embodiments described in this disclosure generally relate to the fields of communications, software, and coding, including, for example, methods, architectures, apparatus, and systems relating to uplink (UL) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) precoding in, for example, full-duplex systems or similar systems. Background Technology

[0003] A full-duplex transceiver can have both receive (RX) and transmit (TX) functions operating simultaneously. In a full-duplex system, the frequency and time resources used for transmission and reception can be non-overlapping, partially overlapping, or completely overlapping. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Some embodiments may relate to a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), which may include circuitry comprising any of a processor, memory, transmitter, and / or receiver. The WTRU may be configured to receive configuration information indicating a set of zero-power (ZP) resources for full-duplex (FD) leakage measurement, and to perform leakage measurement on a receive antenna of the WTRU on at least one ZP resource originating from a transmit antenna port of the ZP resource set, wherein the result of the leakage measurement forms a full-duplex (FD) leakage information set.

[0005] In one embodiment, with the WTRU configured for codebook-based uplink transmission, the WTRU can be configured to transmit a Leakage Matrix Indicator (LMI) indicating a set of leaked FD information, receive a first Transport Precoding Matrix Indicator (TPMI) and a second TPMI in Downlink Control Information (DCI), determine which of the first TPMI and the second TPMI to be used for UL transmission, and based on the determined TPMI, apply the selected precoder (e.g., the first TPMI or the second TPMI), and transmit the UL transmission (e.g., Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission or Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) transmission) on resources planned by the DCI.

[0006] In one embodiment, with the WTRU configured for non-codebook-based uplink transmission, the WTRU can be configured to send an indication of a subset of probe reference signal (SRS) ports that cause the highest leakage, receive a first SRS resource indicator (SRI) and a second SRI in downlink control information (DCI), determine which of the first SRI and the second SRI to be used for UL transmission, and, based on the determined SRI, send UL transmission on the resources planned by the DCI using the indicated SRS port.

[0007] In one embodiment, the indication of the subset of probe reference signal (SRS) ports with the highest leakage is caused by the dedicated uplink resource indication associated with the configured SRS transmission.

[0008] In one embodiment, the first SRI does not take into account the SRI reported by the WTRU, while the second SRI takes into account the SRI reported by the WTRU.

[0009] In one embodiment, one of the first SRI and the second SRI is determined based on one or more conditions, wherein the one or more conditions include any of the following: whether a simultaneous downlink plan is available, and whether a simultaneous downlink measurement event exists.

[0010] In one implementation, leakage measurement is performed on at least one ZP resource from the ZP resource set originating from all transmit antenna ports on all receive antennas of the WTRU.

[0011] In one embodiment, in order to receive configuration information, the circuitry is configured to determine information related to the time and frequency location of the ZP resource from a configured or planned transmission.

[0012] In one embodiment, the full-duplex (FD) leakage information set is represented as a leakage matrix.

[0013] In one embodiment, the first TPMI does not take into account the LMI reported by the WTRU, while the second TPMI does take into account the LMI reported by the WTRU.

[0014] In one embodiment, one of the first TPMI and the second TPMI is determined based on one or more conditions, wherein the one or more conditions include any of the following: whether a simultaneous downlink plan is available, and whether a simultaneous downlink measurement event exists.

[0015] Some embodiments may relate to a method implemented in a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU). This method may include receiving configuration information indicating a set of zero-power (ZP) resources for full-duplex (FD) leakage measurement, and performing leakage measurement on a receive antenna on at least one ZP resource originating from the transmit antenna port of the ZP resource set to form a full-duplex (FD) leakage information set.

[0016] In one embodiment, with the WTRU configured with codebook-based uplink transmission, the method may include sending a Leakage Matrix Indicator (LMI) indicating a set of FD leakage information, receiving a first Transport Precoding Matrix Indicator (TPMI) and a second TPMI in downlink control information (DCI), determining one of the first TPMI and the second TPMI to be used for UL transmission, and based on the determined TPMI, applying the selected precoder (e.g., the first TPMI or the second TPMI), and transmitting the UL transmission (e.g., a PUSCH or PUCCH transmission) on resources planned by the DCI.

[0017] In one embodiment, where the WTRU is configured with non-codebook-based uplink transmission, the method may include sending an indication of a subset of probe reference signal (SRS) ports that cause the highest leakage, receiving a first SRS resource indicator (SRI) and a second SRI in downlink control information (DCI), determining one of the first SRI and the second SRI to be used for UL transmission, and, based on the determined SRI, sending the UL transmission (e.g., PUSCH or PUCCH transmission) on the resources planned by the DCI using the indicated SRS port. Attached Figure Description

[0018] A more detailed understanding can be obtained from the following detailed description given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. As with the detailed description, the figures in these drawings are illustrative. Therefore, the drawings and detailed description should not be considered limiting, and other equivalent examples may be possible and are probable. Furthermore, the same reference numerals in the figures indicate the same elements, and wherein: Figure 1A This is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary communication system; Figure 1B It shows that it can be shown Figure 1A A system diagram of an exemplary wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) used within the communication system shown; Figure 1C It shows that it can be shown Figure 1A System diagram of an exemplary radio access network (RAN) and an exemplary core network (CN) used in the communication system shown; Figure 1D It shows that it can be shown Figure 1ASystem diagrams of additional exemplary RANs and additional exemplary CNs used within the communication system shown; Figure 2 An exemplary architecture for a full-duplex (FD) transceiver is shown; Figure 3 An exemplary architecture of a MIMO-based FD transceiver is shown; Figure 4 This is an exemplary flowchart of a method according to an embodiment; Figure 5 This is an exemplary flowchart of the method according to the embodiments; and Figure 6 This is an exemplary flowchart of a method according to an embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0019] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments and / or examples disclosed herein. However, it will be understood that such embodiments and examples may be practiced without some or all of the specific details set forth herein. In other instances, well-known methods, processes, components, and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the following description. Furthermore, embodiments and examples not specifically described herein may be implemented or combined with the embodiments and other examples described, disclosed, or otherwise expressly, implicitly, and / or inherently provided (collectively, the “Provided”) herein. Although various embodiments in which apparatuses, systems, devices, etc., and / or any elements thereof perform operations, processes, algorithms, functions, etc., and / or any parts thereof are described and / or claimed herein, it should be understood that any embodiment described and / or claimed herein assumes that any apparatus, system, device, etc., and / or any element thereof is configured to perform any operation, process, algorithm, function, etc., and / or any part thereof.

[0020] The methods, apparatus, and systems provided herein are well-suited for communications involving both wired and wireless networks. Regarding... Figure 1A-1D An overview of various types of wireless devices and infrastructures is provided, wherein various elements of a network can utilize, perform, be arranged according to, and / or be adapted to and / or configured for use with the methods, apparatuses and systems provided herein.

[0021] Figure 1AThis diagram illustrates an example communication system 100 in which one or more of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, and broadcasting to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 enables multiple wireless users to access such content by sharing system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Zero-Tail (ZT) Unique Word (UW) Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Extended OFDM (ZT-UW DTS-s OFDM), Unique Word OFDM (UW-OFDM), Resource Block Filtered OFDM, Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), etc.

[0022] like Figure 1A As shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, radio access networks (RANs) 104 / 113, core networks (CNs) 106 / 115, public switched telephone networks (PSTNs) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112. However, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d (any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA”) may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include / or be user equipment (UE), mobile stations, fixed or mobile subscriber units, subscription-based units, pagers, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, laptops, netbooks, personal computers, wireless sensors, hotspots or MiFi devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in industrial and / or automated processing chain environments), consumer electronics devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. Any of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d, or any other WTRU mentioned or described herein, may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0023] The communication system 100 may also include base station 114a and / or base station 114b. Each of base stations 114a and 114b can be any type of device configured to wirelessly connect to at least one of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d, for example, to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as CN 106 / 115, Internet 110, and / or Network 112. As an example, base stations 114a and 114b can be any of a base transceiver station (BTS), Node-B (NB), eNode-B (eNB), home Node-B (HNB), home eNode-B (HeNB), gNode-B (gNB), NR Node-B (NR NB), site controller, access point (AP), wireless router, etc. Although base stations 114a and 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be understood that base stations 114a and 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0024] Base station 114a may be part of RAN 104 / 113, and may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as base station controllers (BSCs), radio network controllers (RNCs), relay nodes, etc. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as cells (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage of a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver per sector of the cell. In one embodiment, base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may use multiple transceivers for each or any sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0025] Base stations 114a and 114b can communicate with one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d via air interface 116, which can be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). Air interface 116 can be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0026] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 can be a multiple access system and can employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, base stations 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in RAN 104 / 113 can implement radio technologies such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which can use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish the air interface 116. WCDMA can include communication protocols such as High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA can include High-Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0027] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which can use Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-A Pro Advanced (LTE-A Pro) to establish air interface 116.

[0028] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as NR radio access, which can use New Radio (NR) to establish air interface 116.

[0029] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can, for instance, use a dual connectivity (DC) principle to implement both LTE and NR radio access. Therefore, the air interface used by WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0030] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may implement wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Global Microwave Access Interoperability (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA 2000 1X, CDMA 2000 EV-DO, Provisional Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Provisional Standard 95 (IS-95), Provisional Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSMEDGE (GERAN), etc.

[0031] Figure 1A Base station 114b can be, for example, a wireless router, a home Node-B, a home eNode-B, or an access point, and can utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as a business premises, home, vehicle, campus, industrial facility, air corridor (e.g., for drone use), road, etc. In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can utilize cellular-based RATs (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA 2000, GSM, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish any of small cells, pico cells, or femtocells. Figure 1A As shown, base station 114b can have a direct connection to Internet 110. Therefore, base station 114b does not need to access Internet 110 via CN 106 / 115.

[0032] RAN 104 / 113 can communicate with CN 106 / 115, which can be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d. Data may have varying Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, fault tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. CN 106 / 115 can provide call control, billing services, location-based services, prepaid calling, internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform advanced security functions (such as user authentication). Although in Figure 1AAlthough not shown, it should be understood that RAN 104 / 113 and / or CN 106 / 115 can communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs that use the same RAT as or a different RAT than RAN 104 / 113. For example, in addition to being connected to RAN 104 / 113, which can utilize NR radio technology, CN 106 / 115 can also communicate with another RAN (not shown) that uses any of the following radio technologies: GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi.

[0033] CN 106 / 115 can also be used as a gateway for WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network providing Common Old-Style Telephone Service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices using common communication protocols, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or Internet Protocol (IP) from the TCP / IP Internet Protocol suite. Network 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may use the same RAT as RAN 104 / 114 or a different RAT.

[0034] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capability (e.g., WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may include multiple transceivers to communicate with different wireless networks via different wireless links). For example, Figure 1A The WTRU 102c shown can be configured to communicate with base station 114a, which can use cellular-based radio technology, and with base station 114b, which can use IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0035] Figure 1B This is a system diagram illustrating example WTRU 102. (See diagram below.) Figure 1B As shown, WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keyboard 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a Global Positioning System (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripheral devices 138, etc. It is understood that WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with the embodiments.

[0036] Processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. Processor 118 may perform signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functions that enable WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. Processor 118 may be coupled to transceiver 120, and transceiver 120 may be coupled to transmitting / receiving element 122. Although Figure 1B While the processor 118 and transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, it should be understood that the processor 118 and transceiver 120 may be integrated together in, for example, an electronic package or a chip.

[0037] Transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 can be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In one embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 can be a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and optical signals. It should be understood that transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0038] Although the transmitting / receiving element 122 is in Figure 1B While described as a single element, WTRU 102 may include any number of transmitting / receiving elements 122. For example, WTRU 102 may use MIMO technology. Therefore, in one embodiment, WTRU 102 may include two or more transmitting / receiving elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals via air interface 116.

[0039] Transceiver 120 can be configured to modulate signals transmitted by transmitting / receiving element 122 and demodulate signals received by transmitting / receiving element 122. As described above, WTRU 102 can have multimode capability. Therefore, transceiver 120 can include multiple transceivers to enable WTRU 102 to communicate via various RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0040] The processor 118 of WTRU 102 may be coupled to a speaker / microphone 124, a keyboard 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) unit or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit) and may receive user input data therefrom. The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, keyboard 126, and / or display / touchpad 128. Additionally, the processor 118 may access information from any type of suitable memory and store data in said memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. Non-removable memory 130 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. Removable memory 132 may include a user identification module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital storage (SD) card, etc. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from memory that is not physically located on WTRU 102 (e.g., located on a server or home computer (not shown)) and store data in said memory.

[0041] The processor 118 can receive power from the power supply 134 and can be configured to distribute and / or control power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power supply 134 can be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power supply 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0042] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) about the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or alternatively to, the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from base stations (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) via the air interface 116, and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more neighboring base stations. It should be understood that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information using any suitable location determination method, while remaining consistent with the embodiments.

[0043] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other components / peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules / units providing additional features, functions, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, components / peripherals 138 may include accelerometers, electronic compasses, satellite transceivers, digital cameras (e.g., for photos and / or video), Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports, vibration devices, television transceivers, hands-free headsets, Bluetooth® modules, FM radio units, digital music players, media players, video game player modules, internet browsers, virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) devices, activity trackers, etc. The components / peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of the following: gyroscopes, accelerometers, Hall effect sensors, magnetometers, orientation sensors, proximity sensors, temperature sensors, time sensors; geolocation sensors; altimeters, light sensors, touch sensors, magnetometers, barometers, gesture sensors, biometric sensors, and / or humidity sensors.

[0044] WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio, for which the transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., signals associated with specific subframes for uplink (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and / or substantially eliminate self-interference through hardware (e.g., chokes) or through signal processing by a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or processor 118). In one embodiment, WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio, for which the transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., signals associated with specific subframes for uplink (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)) are separate.

[0045] Figure 1C This is a system diagram illustrating RAN 104 and CN 106 according to an embodiment. As described above, RAN 104 may employ E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. RAN 104 may also communicate with CN 106.

[0046] RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c, but it should be understood that RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with the embodiments. eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may each include one or more transceivers to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. In one embodiment, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may implement MIMO technology. Therefore, for example, eNode-B 160a may use multiple antennas to transmit and / or receive radio signals from WTRU 102a.

[0047] Each of the eNode-B 160a, 160b, and 160c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in the uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL), etc. Figure 1C As shown, eNode-B 160a, 160b, and 160C can communicate with each other via the X2 interface.

[0048] Figure 1C The CN 106 shown may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, a Serving Gateway (SGW) 164, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of CN 106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0049] The MME 162 can connect to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface and can be used as a control node. For example, the MME 162 can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a specific serving gateway during the initial attachment of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, etc. The MME 162 can provide control plane functions for handover between RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) employing other radio technologies (such as GSM and / or WCDMA).

[0050] The SGW 164 can connect to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 can typically route and forward user data packets to / from WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. The SGW 164 can perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during handover between eNode-Bs, triggering paging when DL data is available for WTRUs 102a, 102B, and 102c, managing and storing the context of WTRUs 102a, 102B, and 102c, etc.

[0051] The SGW 164 can connect to the PGW 166, which can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to packet-switched networks (such as Internet 110) to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0052] CN 106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 106 can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to a circuit-switched network (e.g., PSTN 108) to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c and traditional landline communication equipment. For example, CN 106 may include an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) or can communicate with an IP gateway that serves as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108. Furthermore, CN 106 can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0053] Although WTRU is Figure 1A-1D While described as a wireless terminal, it is conceivable that in some representative embodiments, such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) a wired communication interface with a communication network.

[0054] In a representative embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0055] A WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Services Set (BSS) mode can have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP can access or interface with a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic entering and / or leaving the BSS. Traffic originating outside the BSS destined for a STA can be delivered to the STA via the AP. Traffic originating from a STA destined for a destination outside the BSS can be sent to the AP for delivery to the appropriate destination. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be sent via the AP, for example, where a source STA can send traffic to the AP, and the AP can deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. This peer-to-peer traffic can be sent between the source and destination STAs (e.g., directly between the source and destination STAs) using Direct Link Establishment (DLS). In some representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z Tunneled DLS (TDLS). WLANs using the Standalone BSS (IBSS) mode cannot have access points (APs), and STAs within the IBSS or using the IBSS (e.g., all STAs) can communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to as the "ad-hoc" communication mode in this document.

[0056] When using 802.11ac infrastructure operating mode or a similar operating mode, the AP can transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as the primary channel. The primary channel can be of fixed width (e.g., a bandwidth of 20 MHz) or dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel can be the operating channel of the BSS and can be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In some representative embodiments, such as in an 802.11 system, Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA / CA) with collision avoidance can be implemented. For CSMA / CA, STAs including the AP (e.g., each STA) can listen on the primary channel. If the primary channel is listened to / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, that particular STA can back off. A single STA (e.g., only one station) can transmit at any given time within a given BSS.

[0057] High-throughput (HT) STAs can communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel, for example, by combining a primary 20 MHz channel with adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0058] Very High Throughput (VHT) STAs can support channels with widths of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz. 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channels can be formed by combining consecutive 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel can be formed by combining eight consecutive 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-consecutive 80 MHz channels; this can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data can pass through a segmented parser that divides the data into two streams. Each stream can be processed separately using Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) and time-domain processing. The streams can be mapped onto the two 80 MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the operation of the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, entities, etc.

[0059] Operating modes below 1 GHz are supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. The channel operating bandwidth and carrier in 802.11af and 802.11ah are reduced compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV whitespace (TVWS) spectrum, while 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah may support instrument-type control / machine-type communication (MTC), such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities including support for certain and / or limited bandwidths (e.g., only support). MTC devices may include batteries with a battery life exceeding a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0060] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths (e.g., 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah) include a channel that can be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel can have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or limited by the STA that supports the minimum bandwidth operating mode among all STAs operating in the BSS. In the 802.11ah example, for STAs that support (e.g., only support) the 1MHz mode (e.g., MTC type devices), the primary channel can be 1 MHz wide even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier Sense and / or Network Assignment Vector (NAV) settings can depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, because an STA (which only supports the 1 MHz operating mode) is transmitting to the AP, the entire available band can be considered busy even if most of the band remains idle and available.

[0061] In the United States, the available frequency bands for 802.11ah are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz, depending on the country code.

[0062] Figure 1D This is a system diagram illustrating RAN 113 and CN 115 according to an embodiment. As described above, RAN 113 can communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116 using NR wireless technology. RAN 113 can also communicate with CN 115.

[0063] RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c; however, it should be understood that RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with the embodiments. Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c includes one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a and 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit and / or receive signals from WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. Therefore, gNB 180a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit and / or receive radio signals from WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, gNB 180a can transmit multiple component carriers to WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement Cooperative Multipoint (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNBs 180a and 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0064] WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable set of parameters. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing can vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the radio transmission spectrum. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of varying lengths or scalable lengths (e.g., containing different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or continuously varying absolute times).

[0065] gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be configured to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in standalone and / or non-standalone configurations. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c without needing to access other RANs (e.g., eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c). In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c as mobility anchors. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using signals in unlicensed frequency bands. In a non-standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate / connect with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, and also with another RAN (such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c). For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement DC principles to communicate essentially simultaneously with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, as well as one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c. In a non-standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c can serve as mobility anchors for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, while gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0066] Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, network fragmentation support, dual connectivity, interoperability between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data to User Plane Functions (UPF) 184a and 184b, routing of control plane information to Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) 182a and 182b, etc. Figure 1D As shown, gNB180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other via the Xn interface.

[0067] Figure 1DThe CN 115 shown may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and at least one Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 115, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0068] AMF 182a and 182b can connect to one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 113 via the N2 interface and can act as control nodes. For example, AMF 182a and 182b can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting specific SMF 183a and 183b, managing registration areas, terminating NAS signaling, mobility management, and so on. AMF 182a and 182b can use network slicing, for example, to customize CN support for WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c based on the type of service being used by WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c. For example, different network slices can be established for different use cases, such as services relying on Ultra Reliable Low Latency (URLLC) access, services relying on Enhanced Massive Mobile Broadband (eMBB) access, and services for MTC access. AMF 162 can provide control plane functions for handover between RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) employing other radio technologies (such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro and / or non-3GPP access technologies (such as Wi-Fi)).

[0069] SMFs 183a and 183b can connect to AMFs 182a and 182b in CN 115 via the N11 interface. SMFs 183a and 183b can also connect to UPFs 184a and 184b in CN 115 via the N4 interface. SMFs 183a and 183b can select and control UPFs 184a and 184b, and configure them to route traffic through UPFs 184a and 184b. SMFs 183a and 183b can perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, and providing downlink data notifications. PDU session types can be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0070] UPF 184a and 184b can connect to one or more of gNB 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 113 via the N3 interface. This provides WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to packet-switched networks (such as Internet 110), for example, to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c and IP-enabled devices. UPF 184 and 184b can perform other functions such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, and providing mobility anchoring.

[0071] CN 115 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 115 may include, or communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) serving as an interface between CN 115 and PSTN 108. Furthermore, CN 115 may provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can be connected to DNs 185a and 185b via UPFs 184a and 184b through their N3 interfaces and their N6 interfaces with local data networks (DNs) 185a and 185b.

[0072] Given Figure 1A-1D and Figure 1A-1D As described herein, one or more of the functions described with respect to any of the following can be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown): WTRU 102a-d, base station 114a-b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and / or any other element(s) / devices described herein. An emulation element(s) / device can be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more of the functions described herein. For example, an emulation device can be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0073] Simulation devices can be designed to perform one or more tests on other devices in laboratory and / or carrier network environments. For example, one or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more simulation devices may perform one or more or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. Simulation devices may be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or may use over-the-air wireless communication to perform tests.

[0074] One or more simulation devices can perform one or more functions (including all functions) without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, simulation devices can be used in test scenarios within a test laboratory and / or an undeployed (e.g., tested) wired and / or wireless communication network to perform testing of one or more components. One or more simulation devices can be test equipment. Simulation devices can transmit and / or receive data using direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas).

[0075] The embodiments disclosed herein are representative and do not limit the applicability of the apparatus, processes, functions, and / or methods to any particular wireless technology, any particular communication technology, or other technology. The term "network" in this disclosure may generally refer to one or more base stations or gNBs or other network entities (which may in turn be associated with one or more transmit / receive points (TRPs)), or any other node in a radio access network.

[0076] Note that in the various exemplary embodiments described herein, the terms "serving base station," "base station," and "gNB" (collectively, "gNB") are used interchangeably to designate any network element, such as a network element that acts as a serving base station, for example. The embodiments described herein are not limited to gNBs and are applicable to any other type of base station.

[0077] Figure 2 An exemplary architecture for a full-duplex (FD) transceiver is shown. In a full-duplex transceiver, receive (RX) and transmit (TX) functions can operate simultaneously. Typically, the frequency and time resources used for transmission and reception may not overlap, or may partially or completely overlap. In any case, it is expected that the front-end duplexer / circulator function provides sufficient isolation between the transmitted and received signals. However, this may not always be achievable, and countermeasures are needed to address this issue. In NR Rel-18, full-duplex operation using non-overlapping frequency resources for downlink / uplink transmissions was investigated.

[0078] The main problem in full-duplex systems is the leakage factor, which is caused by insufficient isolation between the TX and RX units. Figure 3 An exemplary architecture of a MIMO-based FD transceiver is shown. In a MIMO-based FD transceiver, the leakage factor varies between different TX and RX antenna ports, i.e., it varies port-by-port. The leakage factor between any pair of ports can vary depending on various implementation issues (e.g., their relative polarization, relative location, and / or distance). Furthermore, the leakage factor can also be affected by other issues (e.g., transmission power level, user hand grip, etc.). Figure 3 As shown, in a MIMO-based FD transceiver, leakage between the TX and RX functions can be caused by a matrix (e.g., H...). L_a ) is used to represent this.

[0079] In non-FD uplink MIMO transmissions, the WTRU can determine and apply precoding in either codebook-based or non-codebook-based mode. In the case of codebook-based uplink MIMO, the determination of the precoder W depends on the transmission of the sounding reference signal (SRS), through which the gNB can determine and indicate the optimal precoder to the WTRU based on the observed channel H. Alternatively, in the case of non-codebook-based uplink MIMO, the WTRU determines the uplink channel H based on an estimated uplink channel H derived from the received downlink channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS). T The uplink precoder W is determined. In either case (e.g., codebook-based mode or non-codebook-based mode), the primary driver for determining the uplink MIMO precoder W is the uplink channel.

[0080] For FD-based uplink MIMO transmissions, the exemplary embodiments discussed herein address at least the following issues: indication of the leakage matrix for UL MIMO precoding, the procedure for leakage measurement for UL MIMO precoding, and the triggering mechanisms and conditions for leakage measurement and reporting. While the exemplary embodiments discussed herein may be presented with respect to FD-based uplink MIMO transmissions, the exemplary embodiments may be equally applicable to other transmission modes (e.g., downlink, etc.).

[0081] In FD-based uplink MIMO transmission, due to signal leakage between the transmitter and receiver units, the determination of the MIMO precoder, in addition to the uplink channel H, can also be considered based on H. L The FD interference is represented. In other words, it is expected that the uplink precoder will be jointly determined based on maximizing uplink performance metrics (e.g., SNR, capacity, etc. on the gNB side) and / or minimizing leakage on the WTRU receiver side.

[0082] As will be discussed in more detail below, some embodiments may include a method for indicating a leakage matrix for UL MIMO precoding, such as in an FD or similar system. In one embodiment, the WTRU may be configured with a set of zero-power (ZP) resources for FD leakage measurement. Alternatively, in one embodiment, the WTRU may determine some or all of the information relating to the time / frequency location of the ZP resources from a configured or planned transmission (e.g., based on a configuration for an SRS transmission). For example, the WTRU may determine the resources for leakage measurement from a configured SRS transmission. In one embodiment, the WTRU may perform leakage measurements on ZP resources originating from transmit antenna ports (e.g., all transmit antenna ports or a subset of transmit antenna ports) on receive antennas (e.g., all receive antennas or a subset of receive antennas) to form or generate an FD leakage information set, which may be represented as a matrix (e.g., a leakage matrix).

[0083] According to an embodiment, for example when the WTRU is configured with codebook-based uplink transmission (e.g.) txConfig ='codebook'), the WTRU can report a Leakage Matrix Indicator (LMI) representing the FD interference matrix. For example, the WTRU can report the leakage matrix based on column-by-column, row-by-row, element-by-element, etc. The WTRU can receive a first Transport Precoding Matrix Indicator (TPMI) and a second Transport Precoding Matrix Indicator (TPMI) in the uplink planning downlink control information (DCI), wherein the first indicated TPMI does not take into account the LMI reported by the WTRU, while the second indicated TPMI does take into account the LMI reported by the WTRU. The WTRU can use one of the indicated TPMIs based on one or more of the following conditions (e.g., based on one or more of the following): (a) whether there is a simultaneous DL planning, for example, the WTRU can use the first TPMI when there is no simultaneous DL reception, and / or (b) whether there is a simultaneous DL measurement event, for example, the WTRU can use the first TPMI when there is no simultaneous DL reception. Based on the determined TPMI, the WTRU applies the identified or selected precoder (e.g., to the transmission or signal) and transmits PUSCH (transmission) on the planned resources.

[0084] In one embodiment, for example, when the WTRU is configured with non-codebook-based uplink transmission (e.g. txConfig= 'nonCodebook'), the WTRU can report the subset of SRS ports causing the highest leakage. This information can be indicated by a dedicated uplink resource that can be associated with a configured SRS transmission. The WTRU can receive a first SRS Resource Indicator (SRI) and a second SRS Resource Indicator (SRI) in the uplink planning DCI, where the first indicated SRI does not take into account the SRI reported by the WTRU, while the second indicated SRI takes into account the LMI reported by the WTRU. The WTRU can use one of the indicated SRIs based on one or more of the following conditions: (a) whether there is a simultaneous DL plan, for example, the WTRU can use the first SRI when there is no simultaneous DL reception, and / or (b) whether there is a simultaneous DL measurement event, for example, the WTRU can use the first SRI when there is no simultaneous DL reception. Based on the determined SRI, the WTRU can use the indicated SRS port to transmit PUSCH on the planned resource.

[0085] As will be discussed in more detail below, some embodiments may include a process for leakage measurement for UL MIMO precoding, such as in an FD or similar system. In one embodiment, the WTRU may indicate its capability for leakage measurement of uplink MIMO in full-duplex mode. For example, the WTRU may receive configuration information for performing leakage measurement, such as in the " Quiet ( silence In the “)” mode, the configuration information may include at least one or more of the following: the values ​​of PCmax_Quiet and / or PEmax_Quiet, the alpha_Quiet value of the fractional power control factor, P0_Quiet as the target received power, and / or the power threshold P_Threshold and the power offset P_offset.

[0086] In one embodiment, the WTRU can, for example, be configured with an uplink MIMO operating mode (e.g., usage ='codebook' or 'nonCodebook'), receives SRS configuration. SRS configuration may include the configuration of one or more SRS resources. Furthermore, the WTRU may receive CSI-RS configuration information associated with the SRS configuration, wherein this configuration information has the same time / frequency resource mapping and the same number of configuration ports as the configured SRS. The WTRU may, for example, receive an indication to perform leakage measurement in "silent" mode, wherein the indication includes, for example, an indication of one or more of the SRS resources configured according to the uplink MIMO operating mode. The indication may also include uplink resources for reporting leakage information.

[0087] According to an embodiment, the WTRU can determine the SRS power Psrs based on one or more of the following: The WTRU can adjust one or more of the conventional PCmax, PEmax, P0, and alpha based on the estimated path loss (distance from the WTRU to the gNB). Alternatively, if configured, the WTRU can replace one or more of the conventional PCmax, PEmax, P0, and alpha with PCmax_Quiet, PEmax_Quiet, P0_Quiet, and alpha_Quiet.

[0088] In one embodiment, when the WTRU is not configured with a power threshold P_Threshold, the WTRU can transmit SRS on one or more indicated SRS resources based on the SRS resource configuration and determined power. The WTRU can perform leakage measurements on configured ZPCSI-RS resources (e.g., on configured ZP CSI-RS resources that use the same time / frequency resources as the indicated one or more SRS resources and, for example, at the same (or similar) time when the WTRU transmits SRS on these resources).

[0089] In one embodiment, when the WTRU is configured with a power threshold P_Threshold, the WTRU can calculate a first power (e.g., Psrs_1) and a second power (e.g., Psrs_2). For example, the WTRU can calculate Psrs (e.g., Psrs_1, Psrs_2) based on other configured parameters, as shown below: Psrs_1 = Psrs – Poffset<=Threshold, Psrs_2 = Psrs + Poffset>Threshold, Poffset is a configuration value.

[0090] According to an embodiment, the WTRU can estimate a first leakage measurement result and a second leakage measurement result (e.g., LMI_1 and LMI_2) based on the following: The WTRU transmits the first SRS using at least a first resource and a first determined power (e.g., Psrs_1) from the indicated SRS resources. The WTRU performs a first leakage measurement on a configured ZPCSI-RS resource mapped to at least the first resource from the indicated SRS resources to determine LMI_1. The WTRU transmits the second SRS using at least a second resource and a second determined power (e.g., Psrs_2) from the indicated SRS resources. The WTRU performs a second leakage measurement on a configured ZP CSI-RS resource mapped to at least the second resource from the indicated SRS resources to determine LMI_2. The WTRU can use the indicated uplink resources to report one or more estimated leakage measurement results (e.g., LMI or {LMI_1, LMI_2}).

[0091] Some embodiments may include or relate to a method for providing triggering mechanisms and / or conditions for leakage measurement and / or reporting. As will be discussed in more detail below, embodiments may include triggering mechanisms and / or conditions for leakage measurement and reporting, such as in an FD or similar system. According to an embodiment, the WTRU may receive first configuration information and second configuration information for leakage measurement. The first leakage measurement configuration may include at least one or more of the following: one or more ZP CSI RS resources to be used for leakage measurement (e.g., including information related to the time / frequency mapping of the ZP CSI RS resources), a measurement window for determining the duration of the measurement, and / or a threshold for comparing the measured leakage to it. The second leakage measurement configuration may include at least one or more of the following: an uplink reference signal resource configuration (e.g., SRS), and / or a set of CSI-RS associated with the configured uplink reference signal, wherein the association means that the CSI-RS configuration shares the same time / frequency resource mapping and the same number of configuration ports with the configured uplink reference signal.

[0092] In one embodiment, the WTRU may receive an instruction to perform a leakage measurement using a first leakage measurement configuration. This instruction may be based on an RRC configuration, a MAC CE, or included in an uplink transmission grant. Using the first leakage configuration, the WTRU may perform measurements on a configured ZP CSI RS resource for the duration of a configured measurement window to determine a first measured leakage. Measurements may be performed while the WTRU is transmitting at least one of a PUSCH, PUCCH, or SRS that is authorized or scheduled to occur during the window. If the first measured leakage meets a configured threshold (e.g., exceeds the threshold), the WTRU sends a request to perform the leakage measurement based on a second configuration. In one embodiment, the WTRU may also include information (e.g., power) related to the first measured leakage.

[0093] According to an embodiment, the WTRU can use configuration resources in a second configuration to receive an indication (e.g., DCI) for triggering uplink reference signal transmission (e.g., SRS). In some embodiments, the WTRU can also receive uplink resources for reporting leaked information.

[0094] In one embodiment, the WTRU may perform a second leakage measurement using resources in a second configuration. The WTRU may use the indicated and / or configured uplink resources to report the second measured leakage.

[0095] As described above, some exemplary embodiments may include processes related to indicating a leakage matrix for UL MIMO precoding, such as in FD or similar systems.

[0096] In one embodiment, the WTRU may be configured with a set of ZP resources for FD leak measurement. Additionally or alternatively, in one embodiment, the WTRU may determine some or all of the information relating to the time and / or frequency location of the ZP resources from configured or planned transmissions (e.g., based on the configuration of SRS transmissions). For example, the WTRU may determine the resources for leak measurement from configured SRS transmissions.

[0097] According to an embodiment, the WTRU can perform leakage measurements on the ZP resources originating from the transmit antenna ports (e.g., all transmit antenna ports or a subset of transmit antenna ports) on the receive antennas (e.g., all receive antennas or a subset of receive antennas) to form or provide a set of FD leakage information, which can be represented as a matrix (e.g., a leakage matrix).

[0098] In one embodiment, for example when the WTRU is configured with codebook-based uplink transmission (e.g. txConfig='codebook'), WTRU can report a Leakage Matrix Indicator (LMI) representing the FD interference matrix. For example, WTRU can report the leakage matrix based on column-by-column, row-by-row, element-by-element, etc.

[0099] According to embodiments, the WTRU can receive a first TPMI and a second TPMI. For example, the WTRU can receive the first and second TPMIs in an uplink planning DCI, wherein the first indicated TPMI does not take into account the LMI reported by the WTRU, while the second indicated TPMI takes into account the LMI reported by the WTRU. In some embodiments, the WTRU can use one of the indicated TPMIs based on one or more conditions (e.g., the WTRU can select or determine one of the first TPMI and the second TPMI). For example, one or more conditions may include or may be based on one or more of the following: (a) for example, whether there is a simultaneous DL planning (e.g., whether a simultaneous DL planning is available), in which case the WTRU can use the first TPMI when there is no simultaneous DL reception; and / or (b) whether there is a simultaneous DL measurement event, in which case the WTRU can use the first TPMI when there is no simultaneous DL measurement event. In one embodiment, based on the determined TPMI, the WTRU may apply an identified or selected precoder (e.g., the precoder may be selected or identified based on one of the determined first TPMI and second TPMI, or the precoder may be one of the determined first TPMI and second TPMI or may be associated with them), and may transmit a transport in the PUSCH on the planned resources (e.g., the transport to which the precoder is applied).

[0100] In some embodiments, the WTRU can report or transmit information indicating the subset of SRS ports causing the highest leakage. As an example, the WTRU can be configured to report this information, for instance, if the WTRU is configured with non-codebook-based uplink transmissions (e.g., txConfig = 'nonCodebook'). According to an embodiment, this information can be indicated by a dedicated uplink resource, which can be associated with a configured SRS transport.

[0101] According to some embodiments, the WTRU can receive a first SRI and a second SRI. As an example, if the WTRU is configured with codebook-based uplink transmissions, the WTRU can receive both the first and second SRIs. For instance, in one embodiment, the first and second SRIs can be received in the uplink planning DCI, where the first indicated SRI does not take into account the SRI reported by the WTRU, while the second indicated SRI takes into account the LMI reported by the WTRU. In one embodiment, the WTRU can use either the indicated first or second SRI based on one or more conditions. For example, conditions may include or may involve one or more of the following: (a) for example, whether there is a simultaneous DL planning (e.g., whether a simultaneous DL planning is available), in which case the WTRU can use the first SRI when there is no simultaneous DL reception; and / or (b) whether there is a simultaneous DL measurement event, in which case the WTRU can use the first SRI when there is no simultaneous DL measurement event. According to embodiments, based on the determined SRI, the WTRU can send transmissions in the PUSCH using the indicated SRS port on a planned resource (e.g., a resource planned by the DCI).

[0102] Examples may involve resource configuration for leakage measurement. For measuring leakage originating from one or more transmit antennas to one or more receive antennas (e.g., hardware damage, electromagnetic leakage, and / or interference), CSI configuration and / or instructions for time and / or frequency resources may be required to perform the measurement.

[0103] For example, in some embodiments, the WTRU may be configured with a resource set dynamically or semi-statically (e.g., via RRC, MAC-CE, and / or DCI). For example, the WTRU may be configured with a zero-power channel state information reference signal (ZP-CSI-RS) resource set for measuring leakage originating from one or more antenna elements or antenna ports.

[0104] Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the WTRU may be configured dynamically or semi-statically (e.g., via RRC, MAC-CE, and / or DCI) to determine the ZP resources for leakage measurement based on one or more planned and / or configured uplink transmissions. In one example, the WTRU may determine the ZP power resources, for example, by determining the time and frequency positions of the ZP resources for leakage measurement based on configured or planned uplink transmissions (e.g., based on the configuration of SRS, PUSCH, and / or PUCCH). In another example, the WTRU may be configured to use all or part of the time and / or frequency resources for uplink transmissions, for example, by using the time and / or frequency resources for SRS, PUCCH, and / or PUSCH to measure the leakage matrix. In some exemplary embodiments, the WTRU may also be configured to determine more than one leakage matrix, such as a first leakage matrix measured in a first frequency and / or time unit (e.g., measured in a first resource block and / or time slot) and a second leakage matrix measured in a second frequency and / or time unit (e.g., a second resource block and / or time slot).

[0105] The configuration-based solution detailed above may include at least one of the following: (a) configuration of an uplink reference signal (e.g., an SRS for measuring the leakage matrix), and / or (b) association of frequency domain resources and / or time domain resources with transmit and / or receive antennas. In the example, this association may include transmit and receive antenna activation modes for transmitting an RS configured for leakage measurement and measuring leakage at the receive antenna. The activation mode may also be associated with a measurement type (e.g., type A, type B, or type C measurement).

[0106] Some exemplary embodiments may involve the measurement of a leakage matrix. According to embodiments, the WTRU may be configured dynamically or semi-statically (e.g., via RRC, MAC-CE, and / or DCI) to measure and / or determine and report leaks based on type A, type B, or type C measurements.

[0107] A Type A leakage measurement matrix may contain one or more rows and columns, wherein the number of columns may be equal to the number of transmit antennas and the number of rows may be equal to the number of receive antennas. In a Type A measurement, the WTRU may measure and record leakage from a single transmit antenna to all receive antennas. To measure leakage, the WTRU may perform one or more of the following: (i) activate a first transmit antenna at a first transmission time (e.g., a symbol) according to the activation mode for transmission of the uplink RS (e.g., SRS), and measure leakage from the first transmit antenna on one or more of the receive antennas (e.g., all receive antennas); (ii) activate a second transmit antenna at a second transmission time according to the activation mode for transmission of the uplink RS (e.g., SRS), and measure leakage from the second transmit antenna on one or more of the receive antennas (e.g., all receive antennas); and / or (iii) measure leakage from all transmit antennas and record it accordingly in matrix form.

[0108] A Type B leakage measurement matrix may contain one or more rows and columns, wherein the number of columns may be equal to the number of transmit antennas and the number of rows may be equal to the number of receive antennas. In a Type B measurement, the WTRU can measure and record leakage from all transmit antennas to a single receive antenna. To measure leakage, the WTRU may perform one or more of the following: (i) activate all transmit antennas at a first transmission time (e.g., symbol) according to the activation mode for transmission of the uplink channel or RS, such as PUCCH, PUSCH, or SRS, and measure leakage at the first receive antenna; (ii) activate all transmit antennas at a second transmission time (e.g., symbol) according to the activation mode for transmission of the uplink channel or RS (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, or SRS), and measure leakage at the second receive antenna; and / or (iii) measure leakage from all transmit antennas at multiple transmission times equal to the number of transmit antennas, and record it accordingly in matrix form.

[0109] Type C leakage measurement can be a vector of length equal to the number of receiving antennas. Type C can be a single measurement, where all transmitting antennas can be active at the time of transmission, and the receiving antennas measure the leakage.

[0110] Some exemplary embodiments may relate to codebook-based uplink transmission. In one embodiment, the WTRU may be configured with codebook-based uplink transmission (e.g., txConfig ='codebook'). WTRU can first quantify the leakage matrix and then report it, as discussed in more detail below.

[0111] According to an exemplary embodiment, the WTRU may perform at least one of the following when quantizing the leakage matrix: identifying the index of the transmitting antenna that causes the highest interference, identifying the index of the receiving antenna that experiences the highest interference, identifying the index of the receiving antenna, and / or using the strongest leakage indicator (SLI) as a reference for the quantization rule to quantize the remaining leakage coefficients.

[0112] For example, when the WTRU is configured for Type A leakage measurement and reporting, it can identify the index of the transmitting antenna causing the highest interference (e.g., the index of the transmitting antenna or the index of the column with the highest coefficient value in the leakage matrix). Similarly, when the WTRU is configured for Type B leakage measurement and reporting, it can identify the index of the receiving antenna experiencing the highest interference (e.g., the index of the receiving antenna or the index of the row with the highest coefficient value in the leakage matrix). Likewise, when the WTRU is configured for Type C leakage measurement and reporting, it can identify the index of the receiving antenna experiencing the highest interference (e.g., the index of the receiving antenna or the index of the highest coefficient value in the leakage vector). The identified index (e.g., the transmitting antenna index in Type A and the receiving antenna index in Types B and C) can also be referred to as the Strongest Leakage Indicator (SLI). For example, the WTRU can use the SLI as a reference for quantization rules to quantize the remaining leakage coefficients. In one example, the WTRU can quantize the amplitude coefficients of the leakage matrix according to rules, for example... ,in , This indicates the number of bits used to represent each quantization magnitude. ,and It is a constant. It can be set... To obtain the strongest leakage coefficient or the quantization coefficient value of SLI. In some exemplary embodiments, when reporting the leakage matrix, at least one or more of the following may be applied: the WTRU may report indicators; the WTRU may report more than one indicator; the WTRU may report indicators with higher priority; the WTRU may report elements of the indicators column-by-column, row-by-row, or element-by-element, and / or report different elements of the indicators based on priority.

[0113] For example, in some embodiments, the WTRU may report indicators (e.g., a Leakage Matrix Indicator (LMI) representing a leakage matrix or FD interference matrix). As another example, the WTRU may report indicators (e.g., an SLI representing the index of the transmit antenna causing the maximum leakage or interference, or an SLI representing the index of the receive antenna experiencing the maximum leakage or interference). In yet another example, the WTRU may report both LMI and SLI in the CSI report. In some examples, the WTRU may report SLI, which has a higher priority than LMI. In one example, the WTRU may report SLI in a high-priority section of the CSI report (e.g., section 1 of the CSI report) and LMI in a section of the CSI report with a lower reporting priority than section 1 (e.g., section 2 of the CSI report). In an alternative example, the WTRU may report SLI in a higher-priority section of the CSI report (e.g., group 0 of section 2 of the CSI report) and LMI in a lower-priority section of the CSI report (e.g., group 1 of section 2 of the CSI report). In some examples, the WTRU can report elements of the LMI column-by-column, row-by-row, or element-by-element. In one example, the WTRU can report elements of the Type A and Type B measurement matrices column-by-column or row-by-row. In another example, the WTRU can report elements of the Type C measurement vector element-by-element. In some examples, the WTRU can report different elements of leakage measurement matrices and / or LMIs with different priorities. In one example, the WTRU can report even-numbered columns and / or rows of the measurement matrix in Group 1 of Part 2 of the CSI report, and odd-numbered columns and / or rows in Group 2 of Part 2 of the CSI report.

[0114] Some exemplary embodiments may involve uplink planning. In one embodiment, when planning codebook-based uplink transmissions, one or more of the following aspects may be applied.

[0115] In one example, the WTRU can receive configuration and / or indications for more than one precoding matrix dynamically or semi-statically (e.g., via RRC, MAC-CE, and / or DCI). In one example, the WTRU can receive a first TPMI and a second TPMI in the uplink planning DCI: the first TPMI does not account for SLI and / or LMI (e.g., the first TPMI is an FD-incompatible TPMI), and the second TPMI accounts for SLI and / or LMI (e.g., the second TPMI is an FD-compatible TPMI). The planning DCI may include additional fields to indicate the absence or presence of the second TPMI.

[0116] According to another example, the WTRU can receive dynamic and / or semi-static (e.g., via RRC, MAC-CE, and / or DCI) configurations of a first TPMI and semi-static (e.g., via RRC) configurations of a transformation vector or matrix. In one example, the WTRU can receive dynamic (e.g., via DCI) configurations and / or indications for the first TPMI and semi-static (e.g., via RRC) configurations and / or indications for a vector or matrix (e.g., vector A or matrix A), where vector A or matrix A is a transformation vector or matrix. The WTRU can use the first TPMI and the transformation vector or matrix to derive a second TPMI.

[0117] In another example, the WTRU can receive one or more TPMIs for uplink granting, and the WTRU can use or determine a subset of TPMIs for uplink transmissions associated with the uplink granting. Uplink granting can be dynamically notified (e.g., via DCI) by signaling, configured via higher-layer signaling (e.g., MAC-CE or RRC), or a combination of both. The number of TPMIs in the uplink granting can be determined based on the operating mode. In a first operating mode, only a single TPMI can be included or signaled, and the WTRU can use the indicated TPMI for uplink transmissions. The same TPMI can be used for all allocated uplink frequency resources. In a second operating mode, more than one TPMI can be included or signaled in the uplink granting, wherein a first subset of TPMIs can be associated with a first type of TPMI, and a second subset of TPMIs can be associated with a second type of TPMI. The first type of TPMI can be the TPMI used or determined when the WTRU performs a first type of UL transmission, and the second type of TPMI can be the TPMI used or determined when the WTRU performs a second type of UL transmission. In the third operating mode, more than one TPMI can be included in or signaled in the uplink grant. The WTRU can identify or use the TPMI received in the uplink grant for one or more subbands associated with the TPMI.

[0118] When the WTRU receives more than one type of TPMI in uplink granting, it may apply one or more of the following: The WTRU can determine one type of TPMI to be used for the planned uplink transmission. For example, the WTRU can determine whether a first type of TPMI or a second type of TPMI is used for uplink transmission. The WTRU may determine the type of TPMI used for uplink transmission based on one or more of the following: (i) uplink planning type (e.g., dynamic granting, configuration granting, configuration granting type, e.g., type 1 or type 2), (ii) transmit / receive (TRX) mode (e.g., full-duplex mode, half-duplex mode, SBFD mode), for example, when the WTRU is executing a first TRX mode, the WTRU may determine a first TPMI type; when the WTRU is executing a second TRX mode, the WTRU may determine a second TPMI type, wherein the TRX mode may be determined based on at least one of uplink and downlink planning, self-interference level, leakage matrix information, resource type (e.g., whether a time slot is dedicated to uplink or downlink or to both uplink and downlink), and / or (iii) cross-link interference (CLI) level, wherein the CLI may be a WTRU-to-WTRU CLI or a network node-to-network node CLI (e.g., gNB-to-gNB). The CLI may be measured by the WTRU or indicated from the network (e.g., gNB). The second type of TPMI can be represented as an offset relative to the first type of TPMI. The second type of TPMI can be indicated as a transformation matrix (e.g., a transformation matrix index), and WTRU can use the indicated transformation matrix to determine the second type of TPMI by applying the transformation matrix to the first type of TPMI.

[0119] In one embodiment, the WTRU may identify a precoder (e.g., a first TPMI or a second TPMI) for uplink transmissions on planning resources (e.g., PUSCH or PUCCH) based on at least one of the following aspects.

[0120] For example, the WTRU may determine a subset of TPMIs for transmission based on one or more of the following: (i) one or more conditions (e.g., slot type, WTRU capability, configuration), (ii) measurements (e.g., self-interference level, cross-link leakage level, cross-link interference level, out-of-band leakage level, etc., for example, if the interference level from the measurement is above a threshold, the WTRU may determine a subset of TPMIs for UL transmission), (iii) previously reported information (e.g., recently reported leakage matrix information, for example, if the most recent report of self-interference information (e.g., leakage matrix, self-interference level) meets a specific condition (e.g., above a threshold), the WTRU may determine a subset of TPMIs to mitigate self-interference, (iv) planning information (e.g., whether DL reception is planned in the same time / frequency resources, or whether Tx and DL Rx resources partially overlap or are within a specific frequency slot), and / or (v) transmission links (e.g., whether the WTRU transmits signals in the uplink. For example, a first TPMI may be used for the uplink and a second TPMI may be used for the sidelink).

[0121] For example, if there is no simultaneous downlink transmission (e.g., if there is no simultaneous downlink transmission of PUSCH and / or PUSCH), the WTRU may use a first TPMI for uplink transmission, where the simultaneous downlink transmission can be referred to as a situation where the WTRU may need to receive one or more downlink signals in the same time and / or frequency resources as the uplink transmission, and the uplink transmission may interfere with the reception of one or more downlink signals. In this document, the interference of the WTRU's uplink transmission with the WTRU's downlink reception can be referred to as self-interference. When there is no simultaneous downlink transmission, the WTRU may determine a first TPMI for uplink transmission. When there is simultaneous downlink transmission with a self-interference level below a threshold, the WTRU may determine a first TPMI for uplink transmission. This threshold may be predetermined, configured, or dependent on the implementation of the WTRU. Otherwise, the WTRU may determine a second TPMI.

[0122] As an example, if no simultaneous downlink measurement events occur (e.g., if no downlink CSI-RS is available for channel measurement), the WTRU can use the first TPMI for uplink transmissions. As another example, if uplink and downlink transmissions completely or partially conflict in one or more time units (e.g., symbols or time slots) and / or frequency units (e.g., subcarriers), the WTRU can use a second TPMI. As yet another example, if uplink and downlink transmissions conflict in a configured and / or indicated number of time units and / or frequency units, the WTRU can be dynamically or semi-statically configured (e.g., via RRC, MAC-CE, and / or DCI) to perform uplink transmissions on the second TPMI. In one example, if uplink and downlink transmissions conflict in 1 / 3 of the resources configured for uplink and / or downlink transmissions, the WTRU can use the second TPMI for uplink transmissions.

[0123] Some exemplary embodiments may relate to leakage matrix indication and SRS resource determination in non-codebook UL precoding. In one embodiment, the WTRU may be configured with a set of SRS resources whose purpose is set to 'nonCodebook' (NCB). In this configuration, the set of SRS resources includes K single-port SRS resources, which can be aggregated to indicate up to K port SRS transmissions. The WTRU may receive a planning authorization (e.g., for PUSCH) with an SRI bit field indicating the number of SRS resources to be aggregated and the mapping of SRS resources to layers. The WTRU may determine an LMI for each corresponding aggregated port indicated by the SRI. As part of its capability report, the WTRU may indicate that an SRS resource or a subset of SRS resource pairs can be used in FD operating mode. The WTRU may be configured with an SRI covering all SRS resources and may be configured with an SRI for FD operating mode, wherein the SRI is mapped only to ports that support FD operating mode.

[0124] In one embodiment, the WTRU may be configured with a PUCCH or PUSCH resource for reporting CSI related to NCB. The CSI reporting configuration may include an SRI and a leakage threshold, or an explicit measurement of the SRI and LMI. Explicit measurements may be quantified to reduce feedback overhead. The WTRU may report an SRI to indicate ports and layers where the leakage measured by the WTRU is above a threshold. For example, the WTRU may report an SRI indicating that the leakage measured by the WTRU is above a threshold when either port is used. Alternatively, the WTRU may report an SRI for each port combination where the leakage measured by the WTRU is above a threshold. For example, the WTRU may report an SRI indicating that the leakage measured by the WTRU is above a threshold only when both ports are used together. If the leakage measured by the WTRU is above a threshold when only port 1 is used, the WTRU may include an SRI indicating port 1. Alternatively, the WTRU may report one or more SRIs, along with an explicit measurement of the LMI associated with the port and layer given by the SRI. For example, WTRU can report SRIs indicating ports 1 and 2, as well as LMIs measured on dual-port SRS resources.

[0125] In one embodiment, the WTRU can be triggered to transmit a MAC-CE, where the MAC-CE includes leakage reports (e.g., SRI and explicit LMI). This triggering can be based on leakage measurement results exceeding a configured threshold (e.g., if any of the SRS resources / ports exceeds a leakage threshold), or based on the number of SRS resources / ports in the SRS resource set that are measured above a threshold (e.g., if more than two ports exceed the leakage threshold, the MAC-CE is triggered). The WTRU can be configured with port pairs / combinations for LMI measurements to be compared to a threshold. If triggered, the WTRU can reuse the LMI report in the next scheduled PUSCH authorization (CG- or DG-) or PUCCH report. Priorities can be configured for the LMI reports. The WTRU can determine which LMI reports will be reused more preferentially than other content such as CSI reports based on priority.

[0126] In one embodiment, the WTRU can receive a grant for MIMO FD, wherein the field indicates planning information for spatial filters determined based on leaky and leak-free SRS resources. This grant may contain two sets of SRS resources, and when a PUSCH is planned, the WTRU can determine whether to use a first or second set of SRS resources based on the FD transmission status. The WTRU can be configured with two sets of SRS resources, where the first set indicates SRS resources (e.g., PUSCH) for planning UL-only, and the second set indicates SRS resources for planning both UL and DL (e.g., PUSCH+PDSCH). The WTRU can select the spatial filter for the grant based on whether the DL channel is planned to be transmitted in the same time slot as the UL channel.

[0127] For example, if the authorization indicates a PUSCH at time t0, and only a UL signal is transmitted at time t0, then the WTRU can use the same precoder for the PUSCH as it uses on the SRS port given by the first SRI. If the WTRU determines that both a PUSCH and a DL transmission exist at t0, then the WTRU can use the same precoder for the PUSCH as it uses on the SRS port given by the second SRI. The DL transmission can be a PDCCH, CG, or DG PUSCH, etc.

[0128] If the UL and DL authorizations partially overlap, the WTRU can be configured with a threshold, and a first SRI or a second SRI can be selected based on a comparison of the percentage overlap between the UL and DL authorizations with the threshold. For example, the overlap threshold could be 0_t%, and if the overlap is less than 0_t%, the WTRU can use the first SRI; otherwise, it can use the second SRI.

[0129] The WTRU can be determined based on the priority rules of UL channel transmission. For example, the WTRU can be multiplexed from a PUCCH that is scheduled on the same time slot as the PUSCH.

[0130] In one embodiment, the SRS resource set indicator can be configured to dynamically switch between SRS resource sets and between the selection of an SRS resource set by the gNB or WTRU. For example, the SRS resource set indicator consists of two bits, where bit 00 indicates to the WTRU the first SRI, bit 01 indicates to the WTRU the second SRI, and bit 10 indicates to the WTRU that the WTRU determines which SRI to select.

[0131] In one embodiment, based on the determined SRI, the WTRU can send transmissions in the PUSCH using the indicated SRS port on the planned resources.

[0132] Figure 4 An exemplary flowchart illustrating a method for indicating a leakage matrix for UL MIMO precoding, according to some exemplary embodiments, is shown. For example, Figure 4 The method shown in the example can be designed to or facilitate the indication of a leakage matrix for UL MIMO precoding in communication systems such as FD or similar systems. Figure 4 The exemplary methods and related disclosures herein can be considered as a generalization or synthesis of the various embodiments described above. For convenience and brevity, reference may be made, for example, to the above description of... Figure 1A-1D and / or Figure 2-3 Describe the architecture or system Figure 4 Examples. However, Figure 4 The exemplary methods described herein can also be implemented using different architectures. According to some embodiments, Figure 4 The method can be implemented by the UE or WTRU (such as the WTRU 102 described above).

[0133] Notice, Figure 4 The method may include additional steps, processes, or details as discussed in detail elsewhere in this disclosure. Figure 4 The method can be modified to include any steps, processes, and / or details shown and / or discussed above. Furthermore, note that... Figure 4 The methods and / or boxes may be modified to include any or more of the processes or boxes discussed elsewhere herein, or replaced by any or more of the processes or boxes discussed elsewhere herein. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 4 This is provided as an example and may be modified, while remaining within the scope of certain exemplary embodiments.

[0134] like Figure 4 As illustrated in the example, the method may include, at 405, receiving configuration information indicating a set of zero-power (ZP) resources for full-duplex (FD) leakage measurement. In an embodiment, receiving the configuration information at 405 may include determining information related to the time and frequency location of the ZP resources from a configured or planned transmission.

[0135] exist Figure 4In one example, the method may include performing a leakage measurement at 410 on at least one ZP resource from the ZP resource set. For example, a leakage measurement may be performed on at least one ZP resource from the ZP resource set originating from a transmit antenna port (e.g., all transmit antennas or antenna ports) at a receive antenna port (e.g., all receive antennas or antenna ports) of the WTRU to form a full-duplex (FD) leakage information set (e.g., the result of the leakage measurement will form, provide, or generate the FD leakage information set). In some embodiments, a leakage measurement may be performed on at least one ZP resource from the ZP resource set originating from all transmit antenna ports or a subset of transmit antenna ports at all or a subset of receive antenna ports of the WTRU to generate a full-duplex (FD) leakage information set. In one example, the full-duplex (FD) leakage information set may be a leakage matrix, may include a leakage matrix, or may be represented as a leakage matrix.

[0136] like Figure 4 As illustrated in the example, assuming the WTRU is configured with codebook-based uplink transmission, the method may include: transmitting a Leakage Matrix Indicator (LMI) indicating a set of FD leakage information at 415; receiving a first Transport Precoding Matrix Indicator (TPMI) and a second TPMI from downlink control information (DCI) at 420; determining at 425 which of the first and second TPMIs will be used for UL transmission; and at 430, applying an identified or selected precoder (e.g., applying the determined first or second TPMI to the UL transmission (e.g., a PUSCH transmission or a PUCCH transmission)) or signal based on the determined TPMI; and transmitting the UL transmission (e.g., a PUSCH or PUCCH transmission) on resources planned by the DCI. The first TPMI may not take into account the LMI reported by the WTRU, while the second TPMI may take into account the LMI reported by the WTRU. The determination of which of the first and second TPMIs to use is based on one or more conditions, which may include: whether simultaneous downlink planning is available, and / or whether simultaneous downlink measurement events exist.

[0137] like Figure 4The example further illustrates that, under the condition that the WTRU is configured with non-codebook-based uplink transmissions: at 435, an indication of the subset of probe reference signal (SRS) ports causing the highest leakage is sent; at 440, a first planning request indicator (SRI) and a second SRI from the downlink control information (DCI) are received; at 445, one of the first SRI and the second SRI is determined to be used for the UL transmission; and at 450, based on the determined SRI, the UL (e.g., PUSCH or PUCCH) transmission is sent on the resource planned by the DCI using the indicated SRS port. In one example, the indication of the subset of probe reference signal (SRS) ports causing the highest leakage is indicated by a dedicated uplink resource associated with the configured SRS transmission. According to some examples, the first SRI may not take into account the SRI reported by the WTRU, while the second SRI may take into account the SRI reported by the WTRU. In an embodiment, the choice of which of the first and second SRIs to be used (for transmission) is determined based on one or more conditions, such as whether a simultaneous downlink plan is available and / or whether a simultaneous downlink measurement event exists.

[0138] Some exemplary embodiments may relate to a process for leakage measurement for UL MIMO precoding, such as in an FD or similar system. In one embodiment, the WTRU may indicate its capability for leakage measurement in full-duplex uplink MIMO. The WTRU may receive configuration information for performing leakage measurement, such as in… Quiet In this mode, for example, configuration information may include at least one or more of the following: the values ​​of PCmax_Quiet and / or PEmax_Quiet, the alpha_Quiet value of the fractional power control factor, P0_Quiet as the target received power and / or power thresholds and power offsets (e.g., P_Threshold and P_offset).

[0139] In one embodiment, the WTRU can receive SRS configuration. For example, the received SRS configuration may be based on the configured uplink MIMO operating mode (e.g., usage = 'codebook' or 'nonCodebook'). SRS configuration can include configuration information associated with one or more SRS resources.

[0140] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the WTRU may receive a CSI-RS configuration. The received CSI-RS configuration may be associated with an SRS configuration. For example, the CSI-RS configuration may have the same time and / or frequency resource mapping and the same number of configuration ports as the configured SRS.

[0141] According to an embodiment, the WTRU can receive an instruction to perform a leak measurement, for example in " Quiet In this mode, the received indication may include, for example, an indication of one or more SRS resources configured according to the uplink MIMO operation mode. The indication may also include an uplink resource for reporting leaked information.

[0142] In one embodiment, the WTRU can determine the SRS power Psrs. For example, the WTRU can determine the SRS power based on one or more of the following: (1) the WTRU can adjust one or more of the conventional PCmax, PEmax, P0 and alpha based on the estimated path loss (e.g., the distance from the WTRU to the gNB), and / or (2) if configured, the WTRU can replace one or more of the conventional PCmax, PEmax, P0 and alpha with PCmax_Quiet, PEmax_Quiet, P0_Quiet and alpha_Quiet.

[0143] According to an embodiment, when the WTRU is not configured with a power threshold (e.g., P_Threshold), the WTRU can transmit SRS in one or more indicated SRS resources based on (e.g., using) the power configured and determined by the SRS resources. The WTRU can perform leakage measurements on configured ZP CSI-RS resources, for example, on configured ZP CSI-RS resources that use the same time and / or frequency resources as the indicated one or more SRS resources, and for example, perform leakage measurements at the same or similar times when the WTRU transmits SRS in these resources.

[0144] In one embodiment, when the WTRU is configured with a power threshold (e.g., P_Threshold), the WTRU can determine or calculate the SRS power (Psrs) based on other configured parameters. For example, the WTRU can determine or calculate a first power and a second power (e.g., Psrs_1, Psrs_2) according to the following formula: Psrs_1 = Psrs – Poffset<=Threshold; Psrs_2 = Psrs + Poffset > Threshold, where Poffset is a configuration value.

[0145] According to an embodiment, the WTRU can estimate a first leakage measurement and a second leakage measurement (e.g., LMI_1 and LMI_2) based on the following: The WTRU transmits a first SRS using at least a first resource and a first determined power (e.g., Psrs_1) from the indicated SRS resources. The WTRU performs a first leakage measurement on a ZPCSI-RS resource that is configured, mapped, or associated with at least the first resource of the indicated SRS resource to determine LMI_1. The WTRU transmits a second SRS using at least a second resource and a second determined power (e.g., Psrs_2) from the indicated SRS resources. The WTRU performs a second leakage measurement on a ZP CSI-RS resource that is configured and mapped to at least the second resource of the indicated SRS resource to determine LMI_2. The WTRU reports or sends an indication of one or more estimated leakage measurement results (e.g., LMI or {LMI_1, LMI_2}) using the indicated uplink resources.

[0146] Some exemplary embodiments may involve providing WTRU capabilities for leakage measurement and / or receiving configuration for leakage measurement. In one embodiment, the WTRU may, for example, receive and decode a network request via RRC to provide capability information. In one example, the WTRU may receive and decode the request after a random access procedure.

[0147] According to an embodiment, the WTRU can report or send a capability information message indicating its capability for leakage measurement in ULMIMO precoding, such as in an FD or similar system. The WTRU can send the WTRU capability information message via RRC (e.g., via PUSCH). The WTRU capability information can then be used by the network to optimize its configuration and resource allocation in the FD or similar system, and / or for UL MIMO precoding.

[0148] In one embodiment, the WTRU may receive configuration information related to leakage measurements in an FD or similar system and / or for UL MIMO precoding. The configuration information may be based on at least one or more of the following: WTRU configuration may be explicitly signaled by RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI (e.g., uplink transmission grant). Measurements configured for the WTRU may be periodic, semi-periodic, or aperiodic. For example, the WTRU may be configured to perform periodic leakage measurements and indications based on a semi-static configuration, or alternatively triggered by a gNB. The WTRU configuration may include DL resources, UL resources, or both DL and UL resources for leakage measurement based on one or more of the following: (i) one or more UL resources that are the source of interference measurement, such as PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS resource sets, or specific types of SRS usage (e.g., SRS for "beam management", "codebook-based", "non-codebook-based", or "antenna switching") (e.g., in one example, the WTRU receives the SRS configuration, which includes the configuration of one or more resources, for example, based on the configured uplink MIMO operation mode (e.g., usage='codebook' or 'nonCodebook'); (ii) one or more DL resources that are the target of interference measurement, such as CSI-RS resources, ZP... CSI-RS resources, CSI-IM resources, CLI resources, NZP-CSI-RS resources; and / or (iii) information related to the association, time and frequency mapping between DL resources and UL resources (e.g., in one example, the WTRU receives a CSI-RS configuration associated with an SRS configuration, wherein the configuration has the same time / frequency resource mapping and the same number of configuration ports as the configured SRS).

[0149] WTRU configuration may include " Quiet "Mode-related information is provided to avoid interfering with the operation of other WTRUs that may be using similar configurations." Quiet The WTRU configuration for a mode may include one or more power level values, such as: (i) the maximum transmission power in silent mode, such as PCmax_QuietMode (maximum transmission power in silent mode) and PEmax_QuietMode (WTRU maximum output power capability in silent mode); (ii) fractional power control parameters in silent mode, such as alpha_QuietMode and / or P0_QuietMode (nominal power).

[0150] In one example, the WTRU may receive PCmax_QuiteMode and / or PEmax_QuietMode values ​​that are smaller than the PCmax and PEmax values ​​used for normal operation (e.g., this ensures that the SRS power level does not interfere with other WTRU TX operations). In another example, the WTRU may receive an alpha_QuietMode value that is smaller than the alpha value used for normal operation. This reduces the WTRU's transmission power sensitivity to path loss, resulting in less likely severe self-interference and interference with other WTRU TX operations. In yet another example, the WTRU receives a P0_QuietMode value that is smaller than the P0 value used for normal operation. This can, for example, reduce potential self-interference and interference with other WTRU TX operations.

[0151] The WTRU configuration can include one or more power thresholds (e.g., P_Threshold) and / or power offsets (P_offset). The WTRU can use these values ​​to perform a first measurement (e.g., only the first measurement), or a first and a second measurement, which may also affect the corresponding reporting of leakage measurement results.

[0152] In one example, the WTRU configuration may include the start, duration (e.g., in time slots), and period of the leakage measurement window. In another example, the WTRU configuration may include uplink resources (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, SR, RACH, etc.) used for reporting leakage information.

[0153] Some exemplary embodiments may relate to the indication and behavior of the WTRU for leak measurement. In one embodiment, the WTRU may receive indications to perform leak measurements in an FD or similar system and / or to perform leak measurements for UL MIMO precoding, or to determine, based on a first configuration, to perform leak measurements in an FD or similar system and / or for UL MIMO precoding, wherein one or more of the following aspects may be applied. The WTRU may explicitly receive indications through configuration (e.g., RRC configuration) or dynamic indications (e.g., MAC-CE or DCI). The WTRU may receive indications that may include " silence The mode configuration is intended to avoid interference. The indication may also include, for example, an indication of one or more of the SRS resources configured according to the uplink MIMO operating mode and the SRS resource set. The WTRU may receive implicit indications, which may be based on one or more of the following: Failure to meet expected performance metrics, such as DL performance degradation due to high leakage in UL transmissions, including a series of NACKs, poor BLER, low RSRP, inconsistent DL transmission rank, low MCS, etc.

[0154] When the measured leakage exceeds a configured threshold (e.g., when the measurement of a configured DL resource exceeds a given threshold), the configured DL resource is, for example, one or more ZP-CSI-RS that detect interference caused by leakage in UL transmission.

[0155] Changes in transmission attributes, such as when the transmission power exceeds a configured threshold, BWP switching, waveform switching, carrier switching, etc. In one embodiment, the WTRU can perform leakage measurement when the calculated transmission power exceeds the configured threshold.

[0156] When the indicated set of TPMIs meets certain conditions, such as TPMI_1 = TPMI_2, it represents excessive interference.

[0157] In some examples, the instruction may also include uplink resources for reporting leaked information, such as PUCCH, PUSCH, SR, RACH, etc.

[0158] For routine SRS operation, when the WTRU transmits SRS on the active UL BWP b of carrier f in serving cell c using the SRS power control adjustment state with index l, based on the configuration made by the SRS resource set, the WTRU determines the SRS transmission power in SRS transmission timing i. for: [dBm] in, During SRS transmission i Zhongwei serves the community c carrier f The maximum output power of the defined WTRU configuration. Depend on p0 Provided for serving the community c carrier f UL BWP activities b and by SRS Resource Collection and SRS Resource Collection ID Provided SRS resource collection , It is SRS bandwidth, which serves the cell c carrier f UL BWP activities b On the timing of SRS transmissioni The number of resource blocks is represented, and It's an SCS configuration. Depend on alpha Provided for use in the community c carrier f UL BWP activities b and SRS resource collection ,as well as It is measured in dB and is indexed by WTRU using RS resources. Calculated downlink path loss estimate.

[0159] remove (i.e., for the serving cell in each time slot) c carrier f In addition to the maximum WTRU output power configured, the following other power-related settings were also considered: P CMAX (Maximum WTRU output power configured), P CMAX，c (Configured for serving cells) c Maximum WTRU output power), P EMAX (Maximum permissible WTRU output power notified by a higher level via signal), P EMAX，c (Notified by a higher layer via signal for the serving cell) c (Maximum permissible WTRU output power).

[0160] In one embodiment, the WTRU may perform leakage measurements in an FD or similar system and / or for UL MIMO precoding, wherein one or more of the following behaviors may be applied. The WTRU may determine the SRS power (Psrs) based on one or more of the following: (i) the WTRU may adjust one or more of the conventional power values ​​used in normal operation (e.g., PCmax, PEmax, P0, and alpha) based on the estimated path loss (distance from the WTRU to the gNB), and / or, if configured, the WTRU may replace one or more conventional power values ​​PCmax, PEmax, P0, and alpha in normal operation with PCmax_QuietMode, PEmax_QuietMode, P0_QuietMode, and alpha_QuietMode, respectively.

[0161] Due to potential inherent limitations of the WTRU (such as nonlinearities in the WTRU emitter chain), the WTRU may need to perform more than one interference and / or leakage measurement and reporting. In one embodiment, the WTRU may be configured with P_Threshold. In one embodiment, depending on whether P_Threshold is configured, the WTRU may perform at least one of the following processes.

[0162] When the WTRU is not configured with a power threshold P_Threshold, the WTRU can calculate the SRS power and transmit the SRS according to the SRS resource configuration. The WTRU can perform leakage measurements on configured ZP CSI-RS resources, such as on configured ZP CSI-RS resources that use the same time / frequency resources as one or more indicated SRS resources, and perform leakage measurements, for example, at the same (or similar) time when the WTRU transmits the SRS on these resources.

[0163] When the WTRU is configured with a power threshold P_Threshold, the WTRU can calculate Psrs based on other configured parameters. For example, the WTRU can calculate a first power value and a second power value (e.g., Psrs_1, Psrs_2) according to the following formula: Psrs_1 = Psrs – Poffset<=Threshold, Psrs_2 = Psrs + Poffset > Threshold, where Poffset is a configuration value.

[0164] In one embodiment, the WTRU can estimate a first leakage measurement result and a second leakage measurement result (e.g., LMI_1 and LMI_2). For example, the WTRU uses at least a first resource and a first determined power (e.g., Psrs_1) from the indicated SRS resources to transmit a first SRS. The WTRU performs a first leakage measurement on the configured ZP CSI-RS resources mapped to at least the first resource from the indicated SRS resources to determine LMI_1. The WTRU uses at least a second resource and a second determined power (e.g., Psrs_2) from the indicated SRS resources to transmit a second SRS. The WTRU performs a second leakage measurement on the configured ZP CSI-RS resources mapped to at least the second resource from the indicated SRS resources to determine LMI_2. The WTRU uses the indicated uplink resources to report or send indications of one or more estimated leakage measurement results (e.g., LMI or {LMI_1, LMI_2}).

[0165] According to an embodiment, the WTRU can perform leakage measurements from all transmit antenna ports on all receive antennas to form a set of FD leakage information, which can be represented as a matrix (e.g., a leakage matrix). In one embodiment, the WTRU can perform leakage measurements for each SRS resource set, where each SRS resource set can represent a WTRU panel.

[0166] In one embodiment, the WTRU may perform leakage measurements based on specific assumptions about transmit and receive spatial filtering. In another embodiment, spatial filtering assumptions may be considered only for one of the transmit or receive units. In one example, the WTRU may be instructed or configured to use the same spatial filtering for uplink reference signal transmission and reception by the receive chain. However, in another example, the WTRU may use a first spatial filter for uplink reference transmission and a second spatial filter for receiver-side leakage measurement and reporting.

[0167] According to embodiments, the WTRU can perform leakage measurements for each subband, BWP, carrier, frequency band, etc. In one example, the WTRU can perform leakage measurements on specific time and / or frequency resources, for example, based on a configured measurement window.

[0168] While the use of the SRS as an uplink reference signal for leakage measurement and reporting of interference sources is mentioned for some embodiments discussed herein, other uplink signals (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, etc.) may also be considered and used. For example, in additional or alternative embodiments, the WTRU may use a new set of orthogonal uplink reference signals, where each antenna port may use a very limited number of resource elements. For example, in one embodiment, the first port may be represented by a resource element placed at a different location in the frequency / time grid than the second port. In one solution, a design similar to that used in the downlink CSI-RS may be used as a reference signal for uplink interference measurement.

[0169] In some exemplary embodiments, the WTRU can report leakage measurement results in or / or for UL MIMO precoding in an FD or similar system, wherein one or more of the following aspects may be applied. For example, the WTRU may report measured leakage information via planned UL resources (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, SR, RACH, etc.). In one example, the WTRU may send a scheduling request (SR) for uplink resources requesting the reporting of its leakage measurement results. In one embodiment, the WTRU may report leakage information in the form of WTRU Auxiliary Information (UAI). According to one example, when configured, the WTRU may continuously update and maintain its leakage measurement results until it receives a trigger to report.

[0170] According to certain exemplary embodiments, depending on whether the WTRU is configured for codebook-based uplink MIMO transmission or for non-codebook-based uplink MIMO transmission, the WTRU may use different quantities for reporting.

[0171] In one embodiment, when the WTRU is configured with a codebook-based uplink TX (txConfig = 'codebook'), the WTRU can quantify the actual leakage matrix (H) between the TX and RX functions. L_a ), to use codebook reporting leakage matrix (H L (The codebook, for example, represents the quantized leakage matrix (H) L The WTRU (WTRU Power Management Unit) reports the leakage matrix indicator (LMI). The WTRU can report the leakage matrix on a column-by-column, row-by-row, or element-by-element basis. The WTRU can report leakage information for more than one power level (e.g., LMI_1, LMI_2, etc.). For example, the WTRU can report LMI_1 when its transmission power is below a threshold, and LMI_2 when its transmission power is above a threshold.

[0172] In one embodiment, when the WTRU is configured with a non-codebook-based uplink TX (txConfig = 'nonCodebook'), the WTRU can report the subset of SRS ports that constitute the highest leakage.

[0173] Figure 5 An example flowchart of a method for leak measurement using UL MIMO precoding according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. Figure 5 The example methods and related disclosures herein can be considered as a generalization or synthesis of the various embodiments described above. For convenience and brevity, reference may be made, for example, to the above description of... Figure 1A-1D and / or Figure 2-3 Describe the architecture or system Figure 5 Examples. However, Figure 5 The exemplary methods described herein can also be implemented using different architectures. According to some embodiments, Figure 5 The method can be implemented by the UE or WTRU (such as the WTRU 102 described above).

[0174] Notice, Figure 5 The method may include additional steps, processes, or details as discussed in detail elsewhere in this disclosure. Figure 5 The method can be modified to include any steps, processes, and / or details shown and / or discussed above. Furthermore, note that... Figure 5 The methods and / or boxes may be modified to include any or more of the processes or boxes discussed elsewhere herein, or replaced by any or more of the processes or boxes discussed elsewhere herein. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 5 This is provided as an example and may be modified, while remaining within the scope of certain exemplary embodiments.

[0175] like Figure 5 As shown in the example, the method may include: at 505, transmitting first information instructing the WTRU to perform a leakage measurement for uplink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) in full-duplex (FD), and at 510, receiving configuration information associated with performing the leakage measurement. In an embodiment, the configuration information may indicate any of the following: (2) values ​​of maximum transmit power and maximum output power capability in silent mode, (3) fractional power control parameters in silent mode, and (4) values ​​associated with nominal power.

[0176] like Figure 5 As shown in the example, the method may include: at 515, receiving Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) configuration information, the SRS configuration information indicating the configuration of one or more SRS resources; and at 520, receiving Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) configuration information, the CSI-RS configuration information indicating the configuration of CSI-RS resources associated with the SRS configuration information. In one embodiment, the Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resources may have the same time and frequency resources associated with the one or more configured SRS resources and the same number of configuration ports.

[0177] exist Figure 5 In one example, the method may include: at 525, receiving second information instructing the performance of a leakage measurement. The second information may instruct at least one of one or more configured SRS resources. The method may include: at 530, determining the SRS power. If the WTRU is not configured with a power threshold, the method may include: at 535, transmitting an SRS (e.g., an indication of the SRS) in at least one of the indicated configured SRS resources based on the SRS configuration information and the determined SRS power, and at 540, performing a leakage measurement on the configured CSI-RS resource. If the WTRU is configured with a power threshold, the method may include: at 545, determining a first power value and a second power value, and at 550, estimating a leakage measurement result based on either the first power value or the second power value. The method may then include: at 555, transmitting the leakage measurement result using the indicated uplink resource.

[0178] Some exemplary embodiments may relate to triggering mechanisms and / or conditions for leakage measurement and / or reporting in systems such as FD or similar systems. In one embodiment, the WTRU may receive a first leakage measurement configuration and a second leakage measurement configuration. For example, the first leakage measurement configuration may include at least one or more of the following: (i) one or more ZP CSI RS resources to be used for leakage measurement, such as information related to the time / frequency mapping of the ZP CSI RS resources; (ii) a measurement window for determining the duration of the measurement; and / or (iii) a threshold for comparing the measured leakage. For example, the second leakage measurement configuration may include at least one or more of the following: (i) an uplink reference signal resource configuration (e.g., SRS); and / or (ii) a set of CSI-RS associated with a configured uplink reference signal, wherein the association implies that the CSI-RS configuration shares the same time / frequency resource mapping and the same number of configuration ports as the configured uplink reference signal.

[0179] In one embodiment, the WTRU may receive an instruction to perform a leakage measurement using a first leakage measurement configuration. This instruction may be based on an RRC configuration, a MAC CE, or included in an uplink transmission grant.

[0180] According to an embodiment, using a first leakage configuration, the WTRU can perform measurements on the configured ZP CSI RS resources during the duration of a configured measurement window to determine a first detected leakage. Measurements can be performed while the WTRU is transmitting at least one of PUSCH, PUCCH, and SRS that is authorized or scheduled to occur during the window.

[0181] In one embodiment, if the first measured leakage meets a configured threshold (e.g., exceeds the threshold), the WTRU sends a request to perform a leakage measurement based on a second configuration. In one example, the WTRU may also include information related to the first measured leakage (e.g., power).

[0182] According to an embodiment, the WTRU receives one or more of the following: (i) an indication (e.g., DCI) for using configuration resources in the second configuration to trigger uplink reference signal transmission (e.g., SRS); and / or (ii) uplink resources for reporting the leaked information.

[0183] In one embodiment, the WTRU performs a second leakage measurement using resources in a second configuration. The WTRU can use the indicated / configured uplink resources to report the second measured leakage.

[0184] Some exemplary embodiments may involve leakage measurement based on DL resource configuration. In one embodiment, the WTRU may receive, for example, one or more configurations from a network node (e.g., a gNB) for leakage measurement in, for example, FD or similar systems and / or for UL MIMO precoding.

[0185] According to an embodiment, one or more configurations may include a first leakage measurement configuration based on one or more DL resources (e.g., CSI-RS resources, ZP CSI-RS resources, CSI-IM resources, Cross-Link Interference (CLI) measurement resources, and / or NZP-CSI-RS resources, etc.). The first leakage measurement configuration may include at least one of the following: (i) one or more DL resources (e.g., ZP CSI-RS resources) to be used for leakage measurement, which may include information related to (e.g., associated with) the time and / or frequency mapping of the DL resources; (ii) a measurement window for determining the duration of the leakage measurement; and / or (iii) a threshold for comparing the measured leakage.

[0186] In one embodiment, the WTRU can be configured to perform leakage measurements based on a first leakage measurement configuration, for example, if the WTRU receives an explicit configuration or indication to do so, or if the behavior can be defined (or determined based on rules) as default execution, periodic execution, and / or event-based execution that triggers the behavior. The WTRU can receive (e.g., explicit) indications to perform leakage measurements using the first leakage measurement configuration. These indications can be based on RRC configuration, MAC CE, and / or DCI (e.g., uplink transmission grant). Performing leakage measurements based on the first leakage measurement configuration can include one or more of the following processes. For example, the WTRU can perform leakage measurements using one or more DL resources, for example, based on information related to the time and / or frequency mapping of the DL resources. The WTRU can perform leakage measurements within a configured measurement window based on the duration for which the leakage measurement is determined. In one example, using the first leakage configuration, the WTRU can perform measurements on a configured ZP CSI-RS resource within the duration of the configured measurement window to determine a first measured leakage. Measurements can be performed while the WTRU is transmitting at least one of the PUSCH, PUCCH, and SRS that is authorized or scheduled to occur during the window. The WTRU can report one or more values ​​based on the measured leak and / or based on a comparison with a threshold configured in a first leak measurement configuration.

[0187] Some embodiments may involve leakage measurement based on UL resource configurations. In this example, the one or more configurations may include a second leakage measurement configuration based on one or more UL resources (e.g., SRS, SRS resources, sets of SRS resources, specific types of SRS such as those used for "beam management," "codebook-based," "non-codebook-based," or "antenna switching"). The second leakage measurement configuration may include at least one of: (i) the one or more UL resources to be used for the leakage measurement; and / or (ii) a set of CSI-RS associated with a configured uplink reference signal (e.g., one or more UL resources), wherein the association may imply that the CSI-RS configuration shares the same time / frequency resource mapping and the same number of configuration ports as the configured uplink reference signal.

[0188] In one embodiment, the WTRU may be configured to perform leakage measurements based on a second leakage measurement configuration, for example, if the WTRU receives an explicit configuration or instruction to do so, or the behavior may be performed based on (e.g., depending on, based on) a measured leakage determined based on a first leakage measurement configuration, or the behavior may be defined (or determined based on rules) as default execution, periodic execution, and / or execution based on an event that triggers the behavior.

[0189] According to some embodiments, performing a leakage measurement based on a second leakage measurement configuration may include one or more of the following processes: The WTRU may perform the leakage measurement using one or more UL resources, for example, where the WTRU may determine the amount of leakage caused by the WTRU's transmission based on one or more UL resources. The WTRU may perform the leakage measurement on a set of CSI-RS associated with the one or more UL resources by measuring UL signals transmitted via the one or more UL resources. The WTRU may send a request to perform the leakage measurement based on the second configuration if the first measured leakage satisfies a configured threshold (e.g., exceeds the threshold). The WTRU may also include information related to the first measured leakage, such as power-related parameters or values ​​to be transmitted (e.g., to the gNB). The WTRU may receive an indication (e.g., DCI) to trigger an uplink reference signal transmission (e.g., SRS) using a configured resource in the second configuration, where the indication may include an uplink resource for reporting leakage information (or an indication of an uplink resource for reporting leakage information, or an association with an uplink resource for reporting leakage information). The WTRU may use the indicated / configured uplink resource to report the second measured leakage.

[0190] Some embodiments may involve leakage measurement based on both DL and UL resource configurations. In one example, the WTRU may be configured to perform leakage measurement based on a first leakage measurement configuration (e.g., to determine or derive a first measured leakage). For example, this can provide the benefit of reduced WTRU complexity by measuring any actually transmitted UL signal or channel (e.g., at least one of PUSCH, PUCCH, and SRS authorized or planned to occur during a window) and not transmitting additional UL signals based on one or more UL resources. The first measured leakage may be less accurate than the second measured leakage, but the WTRU may be configured to perform an averaging operation (e.g., averaging, weighted averaging, time-domain (weighted) averaging, and / or frequency-domain (weighted) averaging) on ​​multiple samples determined (e.g., obtained) by the first measured leakage. In the example, weighted averaging may be performed based on a configured or indicated function or rule for determining the weighting parameters of the weighted average. If the first measured leak meets a configured threshold (e.g., exceeds a threshold), the WTRU can initiate (e.g., derive) the determination or derivation of a second measured leak by transmitting an additional signal for one or more UL resources based on a second leak measurement configuration. In one example, the transmission of the additional signal (e.g., an SRS resource) can be based on… silence "pattern, in which based on " silence The UL transmission power (class) for the additional signal transmission in the "mode" can be less than the UL transmission power (class) for other UL transmissions (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, etc.). When the WTRU performs a leak measurement based on the second leak measurement configuration, a "mode" based on the "mode" can be applied. silence "At least one embodiment of the pattern description."

[0191] In one embodiment, the WTRU may use indicated and / or configured uplink resources to report a second measured leak. The WTRU may (e.g., be configured to) report both the first and second measured leaks when reporting the second measured leak. Reporting the second measured leak under the condition that the first measured leak meets a configured threshold can provide benefits in terms of reduced UL resource overhead and / or reduced WTRU complexity, because the WTRU performs the derivation of the second measured leak based on events associated with the first measured leak.

[0192] It should be noted that, according to some embodiments, Figure 4 It is provided as an example method. However, Figure 4 The methods described herein may be modified according to certain embodiments, including omitting or adding certain steps or details as may be discussed elsewhere herein.

[0193] Figure 6An example flowchart of a method related to triggering mechanisms and / or conditions for leak measurement and reporting, according to an exemplary embodiment, is shown. Figure 6 The exemplary methods and related disclosures herein can be considered as a generalization or synthesis of the various embodiments described above. For convenience and brevity, reference may be made, for example, to the above description of... Figure 1A-1D and / or Figure 2-3 Describe the architecture or system Figure 6 Examples. However, Figure 6 The exemplary methods described herein can also be implemented using different architectures. According to some embodiments, Figure 6 The method can be implemented by the UE or WTRU (such as the WTRU 102 described above).

[0194] Notice, Figure 6 The method may include additional steps, processes, or details as discussed in detail elsewhere in this disclosure. Figure 6 The method can be modified to include any steps, processes, and / or details shown and / or discussed above. Furthermore, note that... Figure 6 The methods and / or boxes may be modified to include any or more of the processes or boxes discussed elsewhere herein, or replaced by any or more of the processes or boxes discussed elsewhere herein. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 6 This is provided as an example and may be modified, while remaining within the scope of certain exemplary embodiments.

[0195] like Figure 6 As shown in the example, the method may include: at 605, receiving a first leakage measurement configuration and a second leakage measurement configuration. The first leakage measurement configuration may indicate any of the following: (1) one or more zero-power (ZP) channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resources to be used for leakage measurement, (2) a measurement window for determining the duration of the measurement, and / or (3) a threshold for comparing the measured leakage to it. The second leakage measurement configuration may indicate any of the following: (1) an uplink reference signal resource configuration, and / or (2) a set of CSI-RS associated with the uplink reference signal resource configuration.

[0196] like Figure 6As shown in the example, the method may include: at 610, receiving a first instruction to perform a leakage measurement using a first leakage measurement configuration, and at 615, using the first leakage measurement configuration to perform a first leakage measurement on a configured ZP CSI-RS resource for a duration of a measurement window to determine a first measured leakage. If the first measured leakage meets a threshold, the method may include: at 620, sending a request to perform a second leakage measurement based on a second leakage measurement configuration, and at 625, receiving a second instruction to trigger uplink reference signal transmission using an uplink reference signal resource configuration indicated in the second leakage measurement configuration. The second instruction may indicate an uplink resource for reporting the second leakage measurement result. The method may then include: at 630, performing the second leakage measurement using the second leakage measurement configuration, and at 635, transmitting the second leakage measurement result using the indicated uplink resource.

[0197] An exemplary embodiment may include a method for indicating a leakage matrix for UL MIMO precoding, which may be performed by a UE or WTRU. The method may include receiving configuration information indicating a set of zero-power (ZP) resources for full-duplex (FD) leakage measurement. The method may include performing leakage measurements on at least one ZP resource from the ZP resource set, originating from all transmit antenna ports, on all receive antennas to form a full-duplex (FD) leakage information set. Provided the WTRU is configured with codebook-based uplink transmissions, the method may include: transmitting a leakage matrix indicator (LMI) indicating the FD leakage information set; receiving a first transport precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) and a second TPMI in downlink control information (DCI); determining which of the first and second TPMIs to use; and applying the identified or selected precoder (e.g., to transmissions or signals) based on the determined TPMI; and / or transmitting a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission on resources planned by the DCI. When the WTRU is configured with non-codebook-based uplink transmission, the method may include: sending an indication of a subset of probe reference signal (SRS) ports that cause the highest leakage; receiving a first scheduling request indicator (SRI) and a second SRI in downlink control information (DCI); determining which of the first SRI and the second SRI to use; and, based on the determined SRI, sending a PUSCH transmission on a resource planned by the DCI using the indicated SRS port.

[0198] In an embodiment, receiving configuration information may include determining information related to the time and frequency location of the ZP resource from a configured or planned transmission.

[0199] In one example, the full-duplex (FD) leakage information set can be a leakage matrix, can include a leakage matrix, or can be represented as a leakage matrix.

[0200] In some examples, the first TPMI may not take into account the LMI reported by the WTRU, while the second TPMI may take into account the LMI reported by the WTRU. The choice between the first and second TPMI is determined based on one or more conditions, which may include whether simultaneous downlink planning is available and / or whether simultaneous downlink measurement events occur.

[0201] In one example, the indication of the subset of Probe Reference Signal (SRS) ports causing the highest leakage is indicated by the dedicated uplink resources associated with the configured SRS transport. According to some examples, the first SRI may not take into account the SRI reported by the WTRU, while the second SRI may take into account the SRI reported by the WTRU. In embodiments, one of the first and second SRIs to be used is determined based on one or more conditions, such as whether simultaneous downlink planning is available and / or whether simultaneous downlink measurement events occur.

[0202] Exemplary embodiments may include a method for leakage measurement for UL MIMO precoding, such as in an FD or similar system. The method may include transmitting first information instructing the WTRU to perform leakage measurement for uplink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) in full-duplex (FD), and receiving configuration information associated with performing the leakage measurement. The configuration information may indicate any of the following: (1) values ​​for maximum transmit power and maximum output power capability in silent mode, (2) fractional power control parameters in silent mode, (3) values ​​associated with nominal power, and (4) power thresholds and power offsets. The method may include receiving probe reference signal (SRS) configuration information indicating configuration for one or more SRS resources, and receiving channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) configuration information indicating configuration for CSI-RS resources associated with the SRS configuration information. The channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resources may have the same time and frequency resources associated with the one or more configured SRS resources and the same number of configuration ports. The method may include receiving second information instructing the performance of the leakage measurement. The second information may indicate at least one of one or more configured SRS resources. The method may include determining the SRS power. If the WTRU is not configured with a power threshold, the method may include: transmitting the SRS in at least one of the indicated one or more configured SRS resources based on the SRS configuration information and the determined SRS power, and performing a leakage measurement on the configured CSI-RS resource. If the WTRU is configured with a power threshold, the method may include: determining a first power value and a second power value, and estimating a leakage measurement result based on either the first power value or the second power value. The method may then include transmitting the leakage measurement result using the indicated uplink resource.

[0203] An exemplary embodiment may include a method relating to triggering mechanisms and / or conditions for leakage measurement and reporting. The method may include receiving a first leakage measurement configuration and a second leakage measurement configuration. The first leakage measurement configuration indicates any of the following: (2) one or more zero-power (ZP) channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resources to be used for leakage measurement, (2) a measurement window for determining the duration of the measurement, and (3) a threshold for comparing a measured leakage to it. The second leakage measurement configuration indicates any of the following: (1) an uplink reference signal resource configuration, and (2) a set of CSI-RS associated with the uplink reference signal resource configuration. The method may include receiving a first indication to perform a leakage measurement using the first leakage measurement configuration, and performing a first leakage measurement on the configured ZP CSI-RS resources for the duration of the measurement window using the first leakage measurement configuration to determine a first measured leakage. If the first measured leakage satisfies the threshold, the method may include sending a request to perform a second leakage measurement based on the second leakage measurement configuration, and receiving a second indication to trigger uplink reference signal transmission using the uplink reference signal resource configuration indicated in the second leakage measurement configuration. The second instruction may specify uplink resources for reporting the second leakage measurement. The method may then include performing the second leakage measurement using a second leakage measurement configuration, and transmitting the second leakage measurement using the specified uplink resources.

[0204] While features and elements have been provided for the foregoing in specific combinations, those skilled in the art will understand that each feature or element may be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. This disclosure should not be limited to the specific embodiments described in this application, which are intended to illustrate various aspects. Many modifications and variations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Unless expressly provided so, elements, actions, or instructions used in the description of this application should not be construed as critical or essential to the invention. Functionally equivalent methods and apparatus within the scope of this disclosure, in addition to those listed herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the foregoing description. These modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. This disclosure is limited only by the terminology of the appended claims and the full scope of their legally enjoyed equivalents. It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to any particular method or system.

[0205] In some exemplary embodiments described herein, (e.g., configuration) information may be described as being received by the WTRU from the network, for example, via system information or via any type of protocol message. Although not explicitly mentioned in the embodiments described herein, the same (e.g., configuration) information may be pre-configured in the WTRU (e.g., via any kind of pre-configuration method, such as via factory settings) so that the (e.g., configuration) information can be used by the WTRU without being received from the network.

[0206] Any features, variations, or embodiments described for the method are compatible with devices that include means for processing the disclosed method, such as devices that include processors configured to process the disclosed method, computer program products including program code instructions, and non-transitory computer-readable storage media storing program instructions.

[0207] For simplicity, the foregoing embodiments are discussed in terms of the terminology and structure of devices with infrared capabilities (e.g., infrared transmitters and receivers). However, the embodiments discussed are not limited to these systems, but can be applied to other systems that use other forms of electromagnetic waves or non-electromagnetic waves (such as sound waves).

[0208] It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the term "video" or the term "image" can refer to any of a snapshot, a single image, and / or multiple images displayed over time. As another example, when referenced herein, the term "user equipment" and its abbreviation "UE," the term "remote," and / or the term "head-mounted display" or its abbreviation "HMD" can refer to or include: (i) a wireless transmitting and / or receiving unit (WTRU); (ii) any of several embodiments of a WTRU; (iii) a device with wireless capabilities and / or wired capabilities (e.g., tetherable) configured with some or all of the structure and functions of a WTRU; (iv) a device with wireless and / or wired capabilities configured with fewer than all the structure and functions of a WTRU; or (iv) a similar device. Figure 1A-1D Details of an exemplary WTRU (which may be representative of any WTRU described herein) are provided. As another example, the various embodiments disclosed above and below herein are described as utilizing a head-mounted display. Those skilled in the art will recognize that devices other than head-mounted displays can be utilized, and some or all of the contents of this disclosure and the various disclosed embodiments can be modified accordingly without excessive experimentation. Examples of such other devices may include drones or other devices configured to stream information for providing an adaptive, realistic experience.

[0209] Furthermore, the methods provided herein can be implemented in computer programs, software, or firmware incorporated into a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROMs and digital multifunction discs (DVDs). The processor associated with the software can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver used in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

[0210] Variations of the methods, apparatus, and systems provided above are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. Given the wide variety of applicable embodiments, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are merely examples and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the appended claims. For example, embodiments provided herein include handheld devices that may include or be used with any suitable voltage source (such as a battery) that provides any suitable voltage.

[0211] Furthermore, in the embodiments provided above, note the processing platform, computing system, controller, and other devices including the processor. These devices may include at least one central processing unit (“CPU”) and memory. According to the practice of those skilled in the art of computer programming, references to actions and symbolic representations of operations or instructions can be performed by various CPUs and memories. Such actions and operations or instructions may be referred to as being “executed,” “computer-executed,” or “CPU-executed.”

[0212] Those skilled in the art will understand that the actions and symbols representing operations or instructions include manipulation of electrical signals by the CPU. The electrical system represents data bits that can cause transformations or reductions of electrical signals and the maintenance of data bits at memory locations in a memory system, thereby reconfiguring or otherwise altering the operation of the CPU and other signal processing. The memory location maintaining the data bits is a physical location having specific electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties corresponding to or representing the data bits. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the platforms or CPUs described above, and other platforms and CPUs may support the provided methods.

[0213] Data bits can also be maintained on a computer-readable medium, including disks, optical disks, and any other CPU-readable volatile (e.g., random access memory (RAM)) or non-volatile (e.g., read-only memory (ROM)) mass storage system. The computer-readable medium can include cooperative or interconnected computer-readable media that reside exclusively on the processing system or are distributed among multiple interconnected processing systems that may be located locally on or remotely from the processing system. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the aforementioned memories, and other platforms and memories may support the provided methods.

[0214] In exemplary embodiments, any operations, processes, etc., described herein may be implemented as computer-readable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. These computer-readable instructions may be executed by a processor of a mobile unit, network element, and / or any other computing device.

[0215] There is little difference between the hardware and software implementations of various aspects of the system. The use of hardware or software is often (but not always, as the choice between hardware and software may become important in some cases) a design choice representing a trade-off between cost and efficiency. Various vehicles (e.g., hardware, software, and / or firmware) can exist to implement the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies described herein, and the preferred vehicle can vary depending on the context of deploying the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies. For example, if the implementer determines that speed and accuracy are of paramount importance, the implementer may choose a primarily hardware and / or firmware vehicle. If flexibility is of paramount importance, the implementer may choose a primarily software implementation. Alternatively, the implementer may choose some combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.

[0216] The foregoing detailed description has illustrated various embodiments of the apparatus and / or processes using block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples. Where such block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples include one or more functions and / or operations, those skilled in the art will understand that each function and / or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples can be implemented individually and / or in combination by a wide variety of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In embodiments, several portions of the subject matter described herein can be implemented via application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), and / or other integration formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented, wholly or partially equivalently, in an integrated circuit as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), firmware, or virtually any combination thereof, and that designing circuit systems and / or writing code for software and / or firmware according to this disclosure will be entirely within the skill of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein can be distributed as various forms of program products, and that exemplary embodiments of the subject matter described herein are applicable regardless of the specific type of signal-bearing medium used to actually perform the distribution. Examples of signal-bearing media include, but are not limited to, the following: recordable media, such as floppy disks, hard disks, CDs, DVDs, digital magnetic tapes, computer memory, etc., and transmission media, such as digital and / or analog communication media (e.g., fiber optic cables, waveguides, wired communication links, wireless communication links, etc.).

[0217] Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common practice in the art to describe devices and / or processes in the manner set forth herein, and to use engineering practice hereinafter to integrate such described devices and / or processes into data processing systems. That is, at least a portion of the devices and / or processes described herein can be integrated into a data processing system through a reasonable number of experiments. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system typically includes one or more of the following: a system unit housing, a video display device, a memory such as volatile and non-volatile memory, a processor such as a microprocessor and a digital signal processor, a computing entity such as an operating system, drivers, a graphical user interface and applications, one or more interactive devices such as a touchpad or touchscreen, and / or a control system including feedback loops and control motors (e.g., feedback for sensing position and / or speed, control motors for moving and / or adjusting components and / or numbers). A typical data processing system can be implemented using any suitable commercially available components, such as those typically found in data computing / communication and / or network computing / communication systems.

[0218] The topics described herein sometimes illustrate different components included within or connected to different other components. It should be understood that the architectures described thus are merely examples, and many other architectures can actually be implemented to achieve the same functionality. Conceptually, any arrangement of components implementing the same functionality is actively “associated” to achieve the desired functionality. Therefore, any two components combined herein to achieve a particular function can be considered “associated” with each other to achieve the desired functionality, regardless of the architecture or intermediate components. Similarly, any two such associated components can also be considered “operably connected” or “operably coupled” to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components that can be suchly associated can also be considered “operably coupled” to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of being operablely coupled include, but are not limited to, physically matable and / or physically interactive components, and / or components that can wirelessly interact and / or perform wireless interactions, and / or logically interactive and / or logically interactive components.

[0219] Regarding the use of virtually any plural and / or singular terms in this document, those skilled in the art can convert plural to singular and / or singular to plural as needed by the context and / or application. For clarity, various singular / plural substitutions may be explicitly described herein.

[0220] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in general, the terminology used herein, and particularly in the appended claims (e.g., the body of the appended claims), is intended to be “open-ended” (e.g., the term “comprising” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” etc.). Those skilled in the art will also understand that if the intent is to recite a specific number of the introduced claims, such intent will be explicitly stated in the claims, and without such a statement, such intent does not exist. For example, the term “single” or similar language may be used where the intent is only for one item. To aid understanding, the appended claims and / or the description herein may include the use of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce the recitation of the claims. However, the use of such a phrase should not be construed as implying that the introduction of a claim recount by the indefinite article "a" limits any particular claim that includes such an introductory claim recount to including only one such embodiment, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrase "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" (e.g., "a" should be interpreted as meaning "at least one" or "one or more"). The same applies to the use of definite articles for introducing a claim recount. Furthermore, even if a specific number of the introduced claim recounts is explicitly stated, those skilled in the art will recognize that such a statement should be interpreted as meaning at least the number recounted (e.g., simply stating "two recounts" without any modifier implies at least two recounts, or two or more recounts). Furthermore, in instances where the convention of "at least one of A, B, and C" is used, such a construction is generally intended to be understood by those skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" will include, but is not limited to, systems having only A, only B, only C, both A and B, both A and C, both B and C, and / or both A, B, and C). In instances where the convention of "at least one of A, B, or C" is used, such a construction is generally intended to be understood by those skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" will include, but is not limited to, systems having only A, only B, only C, both A and B, both A and C, both B and C, and / or both A, B, and C). Those skilled in the art will also understand that any transitional conjunctions and / or phrases that actually present two or more alternative terms, whether in the specification, claims, or drawings, should be understood to imply the possibility of including one, any one, or both of these terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” would be understood to include the possibility of “A” or “B” or “A and B”.Furthermore, as used herein, the term "any of the following" followed by a list of multiple items and / or multiple categories is intended to include "any of the following," "any combination of the following," "any many of the following," and / or "any combination of the following," items alone or in combination with other items and / or items of other categories. Additionally, as used herein, the term "set" is intended to include any number of items, including zero. Furthermore, as used herein, the term "quantity" is intended to include any quantity, including zero. And the term "mutltiple" as used herein is intended to be synonymous with "a plurality."

[0221] Furthermore, in the case of the description of features or aspects of this disclosure in accordance with the Markush group, those skilled in the art will recognize that this disclosure is also described in accordance with any individual member or subgroup member of the Markush group.

[0222] As those skilled in the art will understand, for any and all purposes, such as providing a written description, all scopes disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subscopes and combinations thereof. Any listed scope can be readily considered sufficiently descriptive and such that the same scope can be decomposed into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each scope discussed herein can be readily decomposed into a lower third, a middle third, and an upper third, etc. Those skilled in the art will also understand that all terms such as “up to,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” etc., include the listed numbers and refer to a scope that can subsequently be decomposed into subscopes as described above. Finally, as those skilled in the art will understand, a scope includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1-3 cells means a group having 1, 2, or 3 cells. Similarly, a group having 1-5 cells means a group having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cells, and so on.

[0223] Furthermore, claims should not be construed as limited to the provided order or elements unless otherwise stated. Additionally, the use of the term "for a means of..." in any claim is intended to invoke 35 U.S.C. §112, 6 or the means plus function claim format, and no claim without the term "for a means of..." is not intended to do so.

[0224] Although various embodiments have been described with reference to the communication system, it is contemplated that these systems can be implemented in software on a microprocessor / general-purpose computer (not shown). In some embodiments, the functionality of one or more of the various components can be implemented in the software controlling the general-purpose computer.

[0225] Furthermore, although some exemplary embodiments have been shown and described herein, the invention is not limited to the details shown. Rather, various modifications and variations of the details may be made within the scope of the claims and their equivalents without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

[0226] Abbreviations and Acronyms ACK confirmation BLER block error rate BWP bandwidth portion CAP channel access priority CAPC Channel Access Priority Category CCA Idle Channel Assessment CCE control channel element CE control elements CG configuration authorization or cell group CP loop prefix CP-OFDM conventional OFDM (depending on the cycle prefix) CQI Channel Quality Indicator CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CSI Channel Status Information CW Competition Window CWS Competition Window Size CO channel occupancy DAI Downlink Allocation Index DCI downlink control information DFI downlink feedback information DG Dynamic Licensing DL downlink DM-RS demodulation reference signal DRB Data Radio Bearer eLAA Enhanced Authorization Assisted Access FeLAA Further Enhanced Authorized Assisted Access HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request LAA Authorized Assisted Access LBT listens before speaking LTE Long Term Evolution (e.g., 3GPP LTE Release 8 and above) NACK (Negative Confirmation) MCS modulation and coding scheme MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) NR New Radio OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) PHY physical layer PID Process ID PO paging timing PRACH Physical Random Access Channel PSS master synchronization signal RA random access (or procedure) RACH Random Access Channel RAR Random Access Response RCU Radio Access Network Central Unit RF front end RLF radio link failure RLM radio link monitoring RNTI Radio Network Identifier RORACH timing RRC Radio Resource Control RRM Wireless Resource Management RS reference signal RSRP reference signal received power RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator SDU Service Data Unit SRISRS Resource Indicator SRS detection reference signal SS synchronization signal SSS auxiliary synchronization signal SWG switching interval (in self-contained subframes) SPS semi-persistent scheduling SUL supplements uplink TB transport block TBS Transfer Block Size TRP Transmit / Receive Point TSC Time-Sensitive Communication TSN Time-Sensitive Network UL uplink URLLC offers highly reliable, low-latency communication. WBWP wide bandwidth portion WLAN wireless local area network and related technologies (IEEE 802.xx domain).

Claims

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: The circuit, including any one of a processor, memory, transmitter, and receiver, is configured to: Receive configuration information indicating the zero-power (ZP) resource set for full-duplex (FD) leakage measurement; Leakage measurement is performed on at least one ZP resource originating from the transmit antenna port of the ZP resource set on the receive antenna of the WTRU to form a full-duplex (FD) leakage information set. as well as Under the condition that the WTRU is configured with codebook-based uplink transmission: Send a Leakage Matrix Indicator (LMI) indicating the FD leakage information set. Receive the first Transport Precoding Matrix Indicator (TPMI) and the second TPMI from the downlink control information (DCI). Determine which of the first TPMI and the second TPMI will be used for uplink transmission, and Based on the determined TPMI, the selected precoder is applied to the uplink transmission, and The uplink transmission is sent on the resources planned by the DCI.

2. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein, provided the WTRU is configured with non-codebook-based uplink transmission, the circuit is configured to: Send an indication of the subset of ports that cause the highest leakage; Receive the first SRS Resource Indicator (SRI) and the second SRI from the downlink control information (DCI); Determine which of the first SRI and the second SRI will be used for uplink transmission; as well as Based on the determined SRI, the uplink transmission is sent using the indicated subset of SRS ports on the resources planned by the DCI.

3. The WTRU of claim 2, wherein the indication of the subset of probe reference signal (SRS) ports with the highest leakage is caused by the dedicated uplink resource indication associated with the configured SRS transmission.

4. The WTRU according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein the first SRI does not take into account the SRI reported by the WTRU, while the second SRI takes into account the SRI reported by the WTRU.

5. The WTRU according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the one to be used in the first SRI and the second SRI is determined based on one or more conditions, wherein the one or more conditions include any one of the following: whether a simultaneous downlink plan is available, and whether a simultaneous downlink measurement event exists.

6. The WTRU according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the leakage measurement is performed on all receive antennas of the WTRU on at least one ZP resource originating from all transmit antenna ports of the ZP resource set.

7. The WTRU according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, in order to receive the configuration information, the circuitry is configured to determine information related to the time and frequency location of the ZP resource from a configured or planned transmission.

8. The WTRU according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the full-duplex (FD) leakage information set is represented as a leakage matrix.

9. The WTRU according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first TPMI does not take into account the LMI reported by the WTRU, while the second TPMI takes into account the LMI reported by the WTRU.

10. The WTRU according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the choice of the first TPMI and the second TPMI is determined based on one or more conditions, wherein the one or more conditions include any of the following: whether a simultaneous downlink plan is available, and whether a simultaneous downlink measurement event exists.

11. A method implemented in a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: Receive configuration information indicating the zero-power (ZP) resource set for full-duplex (FD) leakage measurement; Leakage measurement is performed on at least one ZP resource originating from the transmit antenna port of the ZP resource set on the receive antenna of the WTRU to form a full-duplex (FD) leakage information set. as well as Under the condition that the WTRU is configured with codebook-based uplink transmission: Send a Leakage Matrix Indicator (LMI) indicating the FD leakage information set. Receive the first Transport Precoding Matrix Indicator (TPMI) and the second TPMI from the downlink control information (DCI). Determine which of the first TPMI and the second TPMI will be used for uplink transmission, and Based on the determined TPMI, the selected precoder is applied to the uplink transmission, and The uplink transmission is sent on the resources planned by the DCI.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein, given that the WTRU is configured with non-codebook-based uplink transmission, the method comprises: Send an indication of the subset of ports that cause the highest leakage; Receive the first SRS Resource Indicator (SRI) and the second SRI from the downlink control information (DCI); Determine which of the first SRI and the second SRI will be used for uplink transmission; as well as Based on the determined SRI, the uplink transmission is sent using the indicated subset of SRS ports on the resources planned by the DCI.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the indication of the subset of probe reference signal (SRS) ports with the highest leakage is caused by the dedicated uplink resource indication associated with the configured SRS transmission.

14. The method of any one of claims 12 to 13, wherein the first SRI does not take into account the SRI reported by the WTRU, while the second SRI takes into account the SRI reported by the WTRU.

15. The method of any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the choice of the first SRI and the second SRI is determined based on one or more conditions, wherein the one or more conditions include any one of the following: whether a simultaneous downlink plan is available, and whether a simultaneous downlink measurement event exists.

16. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein performing the leakage measurement comprises: Leakage measurements are performed on at least one ZP resource from the ZP resource set, originating from all transmit antenna ports, on all receive antennas of the WTRU to form the full-duplex (FD) leakage information set.

17. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein receiving the configuration information comprises: Information related to the time and frequency location of ZP resources is determined from configured or planned transmissions.

18. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein the full-duplex (FD) leakage information set is represented as a leakage matrix.

19. The method of any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein the first TPMI does not take into account the LMI reported by the WTRU, while the second TPMI takes into account the LMI reported by the WTRU.

20. The method of any one of claims 11 to 19, wherein the choice of the first TPMI and the second TPMI to be used is determined based on one or more conditions, wherein the one or more conditions include any one of the following: whether a simultaneous downlink plan is available, and whether a simultaneous downlink measurement event exists.

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