A building carbon emission digital calculation method based on IFC data standard

Abstract

The embodiment discloses a building carbon emission digital calculation method based on an IFC data standard, is based on BIM modeling software, is based on life cycle assessment theory, constructs a BIM model of the whole life cycle of building carbon emission, divides the life cycle of the whole building unit into four main stages: building design and transportation stage, building construction stage, operation and maintenance stage and demolition disposal stage, and obtains the carbon emission of each stage based on the carbon emission calculation model of each stage, and then realizes the comprehensive evaluation of building carbon emission in the building project management process, realizes the carbon emission accurate quantification, visual analysis and intelligent decision-making of the whole process from building transportation, construction, operation to demolition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building carbon emission assessment and BIM cross-technology, and in particular to a digital calculation method for building carbon emissions based on the IFC data standard. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional building carbon emission assessment methods suffer from problems such as fragmented data sources, disjointed process information, and inaccurate assessment results, making it difficult to achieve precise management and effective control of carbon emissions. Furthermore, existing methods have low efficiency in real-time data collection, dynamic updates, and 3D visualization, causing carbon emission assessments to lag behind the actual construction progress.

[0003] As a digital representative of the construction industry, Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology provides a complete, accurate, and traceable data foundation for carbon emission assessment by constructing building information models that include geometric information, physical characteristics, and functional attributes. BIM models not only contain static information such as the materials, dimensions, and locations of building components, but also integrate dynamic data such as construction progress, equipment operation, and energy consumption, providing technical support for full life-cycle carbon emission assessment. Leveraging the data integration, visualization, and collaborative analysis capabilities of the BIM platform, it is possible to achieve automatic matching of carbon emission factors, real-time extraction of carbon emission data, three-dimensional display of carbon emission distribution, and optimized comparison of carbon emission schemes. Furthermore, while previous evaluation methods only considered the linear distribution of carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle, incorporating nonlinear coefficients at each stage of carbon emission through BIM technology provides a more refined reflection of the total carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention discloses a digital calculation method for building carbon emissions based on the IFC data standard to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A digital calculation method for building carbon emissions based on the IFC data standard includes the following steps: S1: Based on BIM modeling software, construct a BIM model of the entire life cycle of building carbon emissions to obtain carbon emission-related data of building components throughout the entire life cycle of building carbon emissions; the entire life cycle of building carbon emissions includes the building design and transportation stage, the building construction stage, the operation and maintenance stage, and the demolition and disposal stage. S2: Establish carbon emission calculation models for the building transportation phase, building construction phase, operation and maintenance phase, and demolition and disposal phase. Based on the relevant carbon emission data for the building transportation phase, building construction phase, operation and maintenance phase, and demolition and disposal phase, respectively, obtain the carbon emission amounts for each phase, and then obtain the total carbon emission amount for the entire life cycle of the building.

[0006] Furthermore, the carbon emission calculation model for the construction and transportation phase is expressed as follows: (1) In the formula: This represents the total carbon emissions during the building materials transportation phase (kgCO2e). For building materials, the batch number is used. This represents the total number of batches of building materials. For the first The transport weight of building materials; For the first Transportation distance for bulk building materials; For the first Carbon emission factor per unit weight per kilometer of the transportation method used for building materials; For the first Load utilization rate coefficient during the transportation of building materials; For the first Carbon emission factors of auxiliary equipment during the transportation of building materials; For the first Traffic congestion coefficient of batch building material transportation routes.

[0007] Furthermore, the carbon emission calculation model for the building construction phase is expressed as follows: (2) in, (3) (4) (5) In the formula: This refers to the total carbon emissions during the building construction phase. Carbon emissions generated from the use of construction equipment; Number the construction equipment; This refers to the total number of construction equipment. For the first k The number of hours of use of each construction equipment; For the first Rated power of the construction equipment; For the first Carbon emission factors of construction equipment; For the first Utilization rate coefficient of construction equipment; For the first The no-load operation coefficient of the construction equipment; Based on usage hours; For the first k The number of hours of use of each construction equipment; Carbon emissions from material losses during construction; Number the types of construction materials; This represents the total number of types of construction materials. For the first The procurement volume of various construction materials; For the first Unit loss rate of various construction materials; For the first Carbon emission factors of various construction materials; For the first The on-site spillage rate of various construction materials; This refers to the total amount of construction materials procured. Carbon emissions from construction waste disposal; Classify construction waste by type; This represents the total number of construction waste categories; For the first The amount of construction waste generated; For the first Carbon emission factor per unit of construction waste; For the first The recycling rate of construction waste; For the first Transportation distance (in kilometers) from construction waste to the treatment site; For the first Carbon emission factor per unit during the transportation and disposal of construction waste.

[0008] Furthermore, the carbon emission calculation model for the operation and maintenance phase is expressed as follows: (6) (7) (8) (9) In the formula: This refers to the total carbon emissions during the building's usage phase. Carbon emissions from energy consumption during building use; The building area; Service life; Carbon emission factors for the use of regional electricity; The average annual electricity load density per unit building area; Let be the carbon emission factor for the t-th heating method; Annual heating load density per unit building area; Let be the energy efficiency of the t-th heating system; The building's age in years; This refers to the time constant of the heating system's performance degradation. Number the refrigeration method; This represents the total number of refrigeration methods. For the first Carbon emission factors of various refrigeration methods; The annual cooling load density per unit building area; For the first Energy efficiency of the refrigeration system; This refers to the performance degradation cycle of the refrigeration system. Pi is the constant. The time distribution coefficient of energy consumption; Carbon emissions from water consumption during building use; This refers to the annual water consumption. Carbon emission factors for water treatment and supply; This is the temperature-to-water ratio coefficient. The leakage rate of the water supply system; This represents the maximum water consumption. Carbon emissions generated from activities related to building users; This represents the average number of people in the room at any given time. This refers to the average length of stay per year. Carbon emission factor per capita for electronic device use; The percentage of average time spent using electronic devices relative to total time spent in the room; This represents the percentage of maximum electronic device usage time. Carbon emission factor per capita for food consumption; The proportion of per capita food consumption to standard consumption; This is the baseline food consumption.

[0009] Furthermore, the carbon emission calculation model for the demolition and disposal phase is expressed as follows: (10) (11) (12) In the formula: This refers to the total carbon emissions during the building demolition phase. Carbon emissions generated from the dismantling and use of equipment; The number of hours the vth dismantling device was used. Number the equipment to be dismantled; This represents the total number of equipment dismantled. The number of hours the vth dismantling device was used. For the first Rated power of the dismantling equipment; The carbon emission factor of the vth dismantled piece of equipment; H dem,v For the first Utilization rate coefficient of the dismantling equipment; For the first The additional energy consumption coefficient caused by the disturbance to the surrounding environment during the dismantling process of the dismantling equipment; Carbon emissions from the disposal of demolished waste; Assign a category number to the demolition waste; This represents the total number of categories of demolished waste. The amount of demolition waste generated is for category w. The unit carbon emission factor of the w-th type of demolition waste; The recycling rate of the wth type of demolition waste; The transportation distance from the w-th type of demolition waste to the treatment site; The amount of demolition waste generated is for category w. This is the baseline amount of waste generated during demolition.

[0010] Furthermore, the carbon emission-related data for the construction transportation phase includes: the transport weight of building materials, the transport distance of building materials, the carbon emission factor per unit weight-kilometer of the transportation mode used for building materials, the load utilization rate coefficient during the transportation process of building materials, the carbon emission factor of auxiliary equipment during the transportation process of building materials, and the traffic congestion coefficient of the transportation route of building materials.

[0011] Furthermore, the carbon emission-related data during the construction phase include: the number of hours of use of construction equipment, the rated power of construction equipment, the carbon emission factor of construction equipment, the utilization rate coefficient of construction equipment, the no-load operation coefficient of construction equipment, the carbon emissions generated by material loss during construction, the amount of construction materials purchased, the unit loss rate of construction materials, the carbon emission factor of construction materials, the on-site spillage rate of construction materials, the unit carbon emission factor of construction waste, the recycling rate of construction waste, the transportation distance of construction waste to the treatment site, and the unit carbon emission factor during the transportation and treatment of construction waste.

[0012] Furthermore, the carbon emission-related data during the operation and maintenance phase includes: carbon emissions from energy consumption during building use, carbon emission factors of electricity used in the area, average annual electricity load density per unit building area, carbon emission factors of heating methods, annual heating load density per unit building area, energy efficiency of heating systems, carbon emission factors of cooling methods, annual cooling load density per unit building area, energy efficiency of cooling systems, performance degradation cycle of cooling systems, time distribution coefficient of energy consumption, carbon emission factors of water treatment and supply, temperature water ratio coefficient of water use, leakage rate of water supply systems, carbon emissions generated by building user-related activities, carbon emission factors of per capita electronic device use, carbon emission factors of per capita food consumption, and the proportion of per capita food consumption to standard consumption.

[0013] Furthermore, the carbon emission-related data during the dismantling and disposal phase includes: the rated power of the dismantling equipment, the carbon emission factor of the dismantling equipment, the utilization rate coefficient of the dismantling equipment, the additional energy consumption coefficient caused by the disturbance to the surrounding environment during the dismantling process, the carbon emissions generated from the disposal of dismantling waste, the amount of dismantling waste generated, the unit carbon emission factor of dismantling waste, the recycling rate of dismantling waste, and the transportation distance of dismantling waste to the disposal site.

[0014] Furthermore, constructing a BIM model for the entire lifecycle of building carbon emissions includes: S101: Based on the BIM component library and family file system, determine the name, type and parameter configuration of families in Revit according to the building materials required throughout the entire life cycle of building carbon emissions; S102: Configure thermal parameters, carbon emission factors and color codes for different building materials in the BIM model to establish a material-carbon emission mapping relationship and complete the establishment of the BIM model; S103: Export the IFC file for the entire life cycle of building carbon emissions based on the BIM model using the IFC export function of the BIM software; S105: Open BIMvision3, load the IFC file via File→Open, and wait for the model parsing to complete; S106: Based on the BIM color scheme system, the material color is visualized through "View→Coloring→By Material" to verify and display the material properties and their associated carbon emission factor information in the BIM model, thereby verifying whether the BIM model contains complete carbon emission analysis data.

[0015] Beneficial Effects: This invention provides a digital calculation method for building carbon emissions based on the IFC data standard. Using BIM modeling software and life cycle assessment theory, it constructs a BIM model of the entire life cycle of building carbon emissions. By dividing the life cycle of the entire building unit into four main stages: building design and transportation, building construction, operation and maintenance, and demolition and disposal, it pre-collects carbon emission data for each stage, including direct emissions, indirect emissions from electricity, and indirect emissions. Based on the carbon emission calculation model for each stage, it obtains the carbon emission amount for each stage, thereby achieving a comprehensive assessment of building carbon emissions during the building project management process. This enables precise quantification, visual analysis, and intelligent decision-making of carbon emissions throughout the entire process from building transportation, construction, operation to demolition. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the digital calculation method for building carbon emissions based on the IFC data standard of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the data flow and modeling architecture for BIM carbon emission calculation in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the innovative model for calculating building carbon emissions in stages throughout the entire life cycle, as described in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the phased calculation model for the entire life cycle of building carbon emissions based on BIM in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] This embodiment introduces a method for digitally calculating building carbon emissions based on the IFC data standard, including the following steps: Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown: S1: Based on BIM modeling software, construct a BIM model of the entire life cycle of building carbon emissions to obtain carbon emission-related data of building components throughout the entire life cycle of building carbon emissions; The entire lifecycle of building carbon emissions includes the building design and transportation phase, the building construction phase, the operation and maintenance phase, and the demolition and disposal phase; The carbon emission data of the building components throughout the entire life cycle of the building includes carbon emission data during the building transportation stage, carbon emission data during the building construction stage, carbon emission data during the operation and maintenance stage, and carbon emission data during the demolition and disposal stage. Specifically, a series of improper operations throughout the entire life cycle of building emissions can lead to an increase in carbon emissions. This embodiment is based on the BIM model information architecture and divides the entire life cycle of building carbon emissions into four stages: building design and transportation stage, building construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and demolition and disposal stage.

[0020] Specifically, carbon emission data during the building design and transportation phases typically includes carbon emission data from the building's design and carbon emission data during transportation. Specific data needs to be assessed based on factors such as the type of building materials, transportation distance, and construction methods. For example, damage to materials like concrete and steel during transportation generates carbon dioxide. During transportation, the type of transport vehicle (e.g., trucks, trains), the machinery used for loading and unloading (which often relies on fossil fuels), and additional mileage caused by traffic congestion and poor route planning all affect carbon emissions. Furthermore, insufficient loading rates can reduce transportation efficiency, thus increasing carbon emissions.

[0021] Carbon emissions during the construction phase primarily originate from energy consumption and the use of building materials. Assessments are based on factors such as construction methods, equipment type, and construction period. For example, the operation of construction equipment generates significant fuel consumption, while the use of building materials, such as steel and cement, also produces substantial amounts of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, electricity consumption at the construction site, including lighting and machinery, is a significant source of carbon emissions. Additionally, the disposal of construction waste also generates carbon emissions.

[0022] Carbon emissions data during operation and maintenance: Improper use of household appliances can increase carbon emissions; frequent switching on and off of appliances causes them to consume more electricity during startup, thus increasing carbon emissions. Using old, non-energy-efficient appliances results in lower energy efficiency, higher electricity consumption, and increased carbon emissions. Leaving appliances in standby mode when not needed, or running them at maximum power when not needed, causes unnecessary energy waste. Inappropriate temperature settings: For example, setting the refrigerator temperature too low, or the air conditioner temperature too cold or too hot, will cause the appliances to overwork, increasing energy consumption. Failure to clean appliances regularly: Not cleaning the condensers of air conditioners and refrigerators regularly will reduce the heat dissipation efficiency of the appliances, causing them to consume more electricity to maintain normal operation. Using appliances simultaneously for high-energy-consuming activities: Running other high-energy-consuming appliances while using a washing machine or dishwasher will increase overall energy consumption.

[0023] Carbon emissions data during the demolition and disposal phase: The use of inefficient demolition equipment, such as outdated machinery, which is often fuel-inefficient and emits more greenhouse gases. Inappropriate demolition methods, such as excessive use of blasting, not only consume large amounts of energy but may also generate additional waste. Lack of recycling of demolition materials leads to the disposal of recyclable materials, increasing the demand for new materials and related carbon emissions. Improper disposal of waste generated during demolition, such as direct landfilling without sorting, increases carbon emissions from waste disposal.

[0024] In this embodiment, constructing a BIM model of the entire lifecycle of building carbon emissions includes: S101: Based on the BIM component library and family file system, determine the name, type and parameter configuration of families in Revit according to the building materials required throughout the entire life cycle of building carbon emissions; S102: Configure thermal parameters, carbon emission factors, and color codes for different building materials in the BIM model to establish a material-carbon emission mapping relationship; achieve a visual mapping between materials and colors based on the BIM color scheme system, such as concrete corresponding to a light pink area in the BIM model, steel corresponding to a light green area, wood corresponding to a light gray area, bricks corresponding to a light yellow area, stone corresponding to a light beige area, and glass corresponding to a milky white area; complete the establishment of the BIM model; S103: Using the IFC export function of BIM software, export the IFC file of the entire life cycle of building carbon emissions based on the BIM model to ensure that material properties, color information and carbon emission parameters are exported correctly and entity types are mapped according to the IFC standard. S105: Open BIMvision3, load the IFC file via File→Open, and wait for the model parsing to complete; S106: Based on the BIM color scheme system, the material color is visualized through "View→Coloring→By Material" to verify and display the material properties and their associated carbon emission factor information in the BIM model, thereby verifying whether the BIM model contains complete carbon emission analysis data.

[0025] Specifically, in BIM modeling software (such as Revit), based on the building materials database, material types, thermal parameters, carbon emission factors, and color codes are configured for different building components to construct a BIM model with complete carbon emission analysis information. The BIM model is then exported as an IFC format file via "File → Export → IFC," enabling 3D visualization and component attribute querying within the BIMvision3 platform.

[0026] Preferably, the carbon emission-related data for the construction and transportation phase includes: the first The transport weight of the batch of building materials, the first The transportation distance of the batch of building materials, the first Carbon emission factor per unit weight per kilometer of the transportation method used for batch building materials, the first Load utilization rate coefficient during the transportation of building materials, the first Carbon emission factors of auxiliary equipment during the transportation of building materials, Traffic congestion coefficient of batch building material transportation routes.

[0027] In this embodiment, the ifcBuilding method is used to extract the first... j The weight of the batch of building materials, the first The transportation distance of the batch of building materials, the first Carbon emission factor per unit weight per kilometer of the transportation method used for batch building materials, the first Load utilization rate coefficient during the transportation of building materials, the first Carbon emission factors of auxiliary equipment during the transportation of building materials, Traffic congestion coefficients for building material transportation routes. For example: Extract the geometric attribute Volume from IfcBuildingElement entities (such as IfcWall, IfcSlab, IfcBeam, etc.) in the IFC model. Associate the IfcMaterial with the IfcRelAssociatesMaterial relationship with the component's IfcMaterial, and retrieve the material's density attribute from the material library. Include custom attribute sets in the attribute sets of IfcBuilding or IfcSite entities, and define the ProjectLocation.

[0028] In this embodiment, based on data such as building material weight and transportation distance extracted from the BIM model, the traffic congestion coefficient (which uses the arctangent function to describe its nonlinear effect) and dynamic load utilization rate are innovatively introduced to accurately calculate carbon emissions during the building transportation phase.

[0029] The carbon emission data related to the construction phase include: the number of hours of use of construction equipment, the rated power of construction equipment, the carbon emission factor of construction equipment, the utilization rate coefficient of construction equipment, the no-load operation coefficient of construction equipment, the carbon emissions generated by material loss during construction, the amount of construction materials purchased, the unit loss rate of construction materials, the carbon emission factor of construction materials, the on-site spillage rate of construction materials, the unit carbon emission factor of construction waste, the recycling rate of construction waste, the transportation distance of construction waste to the treatment site, and the unit carbon emission factor during the transportation and treatment of construction waste.

[0030] The carbon emission data related to the operation and maintenance phase include: carbon emissions from energy consumption during building use, carbon emission factors of electricity in the area, average annual electricity load density per unit building area, carbon emission factors of heating methods, annual heating load density per unit building area, energy efficiency of heating systems, carbon emission factors of cooling methods, annual cooling load density per unit building area, energy efficiency of cooling systems, performance degradation cycle of cooling systems, time distribution coefficient of energy consumption, carbon emission factors of water treatment and supply, temperature water ratio coefficient of water use, leakage rate of water supply systems, carbon emissions generated by building user-related activities, carbon emission factors of per capita electronic equipment use, carbon emission factors of per capita food consumption, and the proportion of per capita food consumption to standard consumption.

[0031] The carbon emission data related to the dismantling and disposal phase include: the rated power of the dismantling equipment, the carbon emission factor of the dismantling equipment, the utilization rate coefficient of the dismantling equipment, the additional energy consumption coefficient caused by the disturbance to the surrounding environment during the dismantling process, the carbon emissions generated from the treatment of dismantling waste, the amount of dismantling waste generated, the unit carbon emission factor of dismantling waste, the recycling rate of dismantling waste, and the transportation distance of dismantling waste to the treatment site. In this embodiment, based on the data extraction capabilities of the BIM platform, a data extraction script is developed using the interactive query and attribute table export functions of BIMvision3 to batch obtain carbon emission-related data such as materials, dimensions, usage, transportation distance, and energy consumption of each building component at each stage of the building's entire life cycle. In this embodiment, carbon emission data of each building component at each stage of the building's entire life cycle can be obtained and viewed in BIMvision3. Double-clicking a component will display its attribute panel, allowing for manual recording or export of the attribute table. Alternatively, the information extraction interface can be developed using C# code editing.

[0032] Specifically, taking IfcBuilding as an example, information is extracted through an interface. The model's IFC attributes are extracted based on the BIM model, and the extracted attribute information is applied to the calculation models at each stage.

[0033] S2: Establish carbon emission calculation models for the building transportation phase, building construction phase, operation and maintenance phase, and demolition and disposal phase. Based on the relevant carbon emission data for the building transportation phase, building construction phase, operation and maintenance phase, and demolition and disposal phase, respectively, obtain the carbon emission amounts for each phase to obtain the total carbon emission amount for the entire life cycle of a building. Specifically, based on the component attributes and process data integrated in the BIM model, carbon emission calculation models for each stage are used to calculate the carbon emissions at each stage of the building's entire life cycle.

[0034] Preferably, the carbon emission calculation model for the construction and transportation phase is expressed as follows: Carbon emissions during the construction and transportation phase mainly originate from energy consumption of construction equipment, material losses during construction, and carbon emissions from construction waste disposal. The calculation formula is as follows: (1) In the formula: This represents the total carbon emissions during the building materials transportation phase (kgCO2e). For building materials, the batch number is used. This represents the total number of batches of building materials. For the first The transport weight (tons) of the batch of building materials; For the first Transportation distance (kilometers) for building materials; For the first Carbon emission factor per unit weight-kilometer (kgCO2e / (ton)) of building materials transported by various methods kilometer)); For the first Load utilization rate coefficient during the transportation of building materials; For the first Carbon emission factor of auxiliary equipment during the transportation of building materials (kgCO2e / transport). For the first Traffic congestion coefficient of building material transportation routes; Specifically, assuming 100 tons of building materials need to be transported over a distance of 50 kilometers, the carbon emission factor per unit weight per kilometer is taken as 0.1 kg CO2e / (ton). (km); the load utilization rate coefficient is taken as 0.8, the carbon emission factor of auxiliary equipment is taken as 10kgCO2e / trip; the traffic congestion coefficient is taken as 0.2. The carbon emissions during the construction and transportation phase are calculated as follows:

[0035] .

[0036] The carbon emission calculation for the building transportation phase in this embodiment breaks through the limitations of traditional linear calculations. It incorporates actual transportation conditions such as traffic congestion and dynamic load utilization into the quantitative model. The arctangent function accurately depicts the nonlinear aggravating effect of traffic congestion on carbon emissions, closely aligning with the carbon emission increment patterns caused by congestion and insufficient loading rates in actual transportation for different modes of transport such as trucks and trains. Simultaneously, relying on the BIM model, it achieves automated batch extraction of key parameters such as building material weight, transportation distance, and carbon emission factors. It directly associates attributes such as material density, component volume, and project location from entities such as IfcBuildingElement in the IFC model, solving the problems of scattered transportation data and large errors in manual statistics in traditional methods, and realizing the integration of parameter extraction and calculation.

[0037] This embodiment focuses on the core carbon emission sources of building material transportation (energy consumption of transportation vehicles, operation of auxiliary equipment, and wear and tear under operating conditions), and constructs a multi-dimensional quantitative system that can directly provide data support for the planning of transportation routes, selection of transportation modes, and optimization of loading efficiency in construction projects. For example, the model can quantify the differences in congestion carbon emissions of different transportation routes, guide projects to select low-carbon transportation routes, and accurately calculate the carbon emissions of a single batch of building materials, thereby achieving refined carbon emission control during the transportation phase.

[0038] Preferably, the carbon emission calculation model for the building construction phase is represented as follows: Carbon emissions during the construction phase mainly originate from energy consumption of construction equipment and the use of building materials, as calculated using the following formula: (2) in, (3) (4) (5) In the formula: This refers to the total carbon emissions during the building construction phase (kgCO2e). Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) generated from the use of construction equipment. Number the construction equipment; This refers to the total number of construction equipment. For the first k The number of hours (in hours) used by each construction equipment; For the first Rated power (kW) of the construction equipment; For the first Carbon emission factor of construction equipment (kgCO2e / kWh); For the first Utilization rate coefficient of construction equipment; For the first The no-load operation coefficient of the construction equipment; Based on usage hours; For the first k The number of hours of use of each construction equipment; Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) resulting from material loss during construction. Number the types of construction materials; This represents the total number of types of construction materials. For the first Purchase quantity of various construction materials (cubic meters or tons, etc.); For the first Unit loss rate of various construction materials; For the first Carbon emission factor of a type of construction material (kgCO2e / unit); For the first The on-site spillage rate of various construction materials; This refers to the total amount of construction materials procured. Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) generated from construction waste disposal; Classify construction waste by type; This represents the total number of construction waste categories; For the first The amount of construction waste generated (tons); For the first Carbon emission factor per unit of construction waste (kgCO2e / ton); For the first The recycling rate of construction waste; For the first Transportation distance (in kilometers) from construction waste to the treatment site; For the first Carbon emission factor per unit of construction waste during transportation and disposal (kgCO2e / ton) kilometer); Specifically, during the construction phase, formulas (2) to (5) are used to calculate not only equipment energy consumption and material loss, but also to introduce the no-load operation coefficient (using an exponential function to describe the dynamic impact), the material spillage rate on site (using a square root function to describe the nonlinear relationship), and to refine the modeling of waste treatment (using a natural logarithmic function), thereby comprehensively capturing the carbon emission details of construction activities.

[0039] Specifically, building volume is a physical entity that exchanges heat energy. The IFC class related to the Volume entity belongs to the abstract IfcBuildingSpatialStructureElement class, and its attributes are extracted during the building construction phase, including... , , , ， ， ， ， ， ， ， This includes extracting the Volume or Quantity attributes of components directly from the IfcBuildingElement (such as IfcWall or IfcSlab) of the BIM model.

[0040] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the carbon emissions during the building construction phase are calculated as follows:

[0041] Carbon emission assessment during the construction phase is the most detailed and comprehensive nonlinear modeling stage in the life cycle assessment. It precisely breaks down construction carbon emissions into three core sources: equipment energy consumption, material loss, and waste disposal. For each source, appropriate nonlinear functions are designed: an exponential function is used to characterize the dynamic cumulative impact of equipment idle operation over time, a square root function is used to reflect the diminishing marginal effect of material spillage rate, and a natural logarithm function is used to reflect the economies of scale of waste disposal. This achieves a precise characterization of various carbon emission sources on the construction site. At the same time, relying on the BIM model, it realizes the component-level extraction of all-dimensional parameters of equipment, materials, and waste. It directly links attributes such as the rated power of construction equipment, material procurement quantity, and waste recycling rate from the IFC model, ensuring the traceability and relevance of data. It enables the itemized traceability and precise quantification of carbon emissions during the construction phase, directly identifying high-carbon-emission links in construction (such as high-power equipment running idle, excessive material spillage, and low waste recycling rates). This provides a scientific basis for developing targeted emission reduction measures during the construction phase. For example, the model can quantify the carbon emission increment of equipment running idle, guiding construction units to optimize equipment usage time. At the same time, it can realize dynamic accounting of construction carbon emissions, updating parameters in real time in conjunction with the construction progress, so that carbon emission management is synchronized with the construction process, solving the problem that traditional carbon emission assessment lags behind actual construction.

[0042] Preferably, the carbon emission calculation model for the operation and maintenance phase is expressed as follows: Specifically, carbon emissions during the building operation and maintenance phase mainly come from energy consumption during building use, water consumption carbon emissions during building use, and carbon emissions generated by building user-related activities. The calculation formula is as follows: (6) (7) (8) (9) In the formula: The total carbon emissions during the building's use phase (kgCO2e). Carbon emissions from energy consumption during building use (kgCO2e). Building area (square meters); Service life (years); Carbon emission factor (kgCO2e / kWh) for the use of electricity in the region. The average annual electricity load density per unit building area (kWh / (square meter)) Year)); Let t be the carbon emission factor (kgCO2e / GJ) for the t-th heating method. Annual heating load density per unit building area (GJ / (square meter)) Year)); Let be the energy efficiency of the t-th heating system; The building's age in years; This refers to the time constant of the heating system's performance degradation. Number the refrigeration method; This represents the total number of refrigeration methods. For the first Carbon emission factor (kgCO2e / GJ) of each refrigeration method; Annual cooling load density per unit building area (GJ / (square meter)) Year)); For the first Energy efficiency of the refrigeration system; This refers to the performance degradation cycle of the refrigeration system. Pi is the constant. The time distribution coefficient of energy consumption; Carbon emissions from water consumption during building use (kgCO2e). Annual water consumption (cubic meters); Carbon emission factor for water treatment and supply (kgCO2e / m³); This is the temperature-to-water ratio coefficient. The leakage rate of the water supply system; This represents the maximum water consumption. Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) generated by building user-related activities; The average number of people in the room at the same time. Average annual length of stay (days); Carbon emission factor per capita for electronic device use (kgCO2e / (person)) sky)); The percentage of average time spent using electronic devices relative to total time spent in the room; This represents the percentage of maximum electronic device usage time. Carbon emission factor per capita from food consumption (kgCO2e / (person)) sky)); The proportion of per capita food consumption to standard consumption; This is the baseline food consumption.

[0043] Specifically, during the operation and maintenance phase, formulas (6) to (9) innovatively cover the nonlinear decay of equipment performance, the asymptotic effect of the time distribution of energy consumption (using the arctangent function), and the nonlinear effects of water consumption and user behavior (such as the use of electronic devices and food consumption) (using sine, cosine and natural logarithm functions respectively), thus realizing the dynamic simulation and long-term prediction of operational carbon emissions.

[0044] The load per unit area is calculated by using the NominalCapacity property of the IfcEnergyConversionDevice (such as IfcBoiler, IfcChiller) and the area of ​​the service's IfcSpace. You can obtain it directly from the Efficiency property of IfcEnergyConversionDevice, or map it to an external energy efficiency database via the device model. Calculated from the CreationDate property of IfcProject or the InstallationDate property of IfcAsset.

[0045] Assume a construction process as follows: One piece of equipment operates for 100 hours, with a rated power of 10kW, a carbon emission factor of 0.6kgCO2e / kWh, a utilization rate coefficient of 0.7, an no-load operation coefficient of 0.1, and a baseline operating hours of 50. The material procurement quantity is 200 cubic meters, with a unit loss rate of 0.05 and a carbon emission factor of 15kgCO2e / cubic meter; the on-site spillage rate is 0.02. 10 tons of waste are generated, with a unit carbon emission factor of 25kgCO2e / ton, a recycling rate of 0.3, a transportation distance of 30 kilometers to the treatment site, and a unit carbon emission factor of 0.08kgCO2e / ton during transportation and treatment. The distance is kilometers, and the baseline waste generation is 5 tons. Carbon emissions are calculated as follows:

[0046] Specifically, the evaluation of carbon emissions during the building operation and maintenance phase hinges on achieving long-term dynamic carbon emission prediction. This breaks through the limitations of traditional methods that rely on static estimation based on fixed energy consumption data. It comprehensively incorporates dynamic factors such as equipment performance aging, energy consumption time distribution, and user behavior into the model: an exponential linear decay function is used to simulate the performance degradation of heating and cooling equipment, an arctangent function is used to describe the asymptotic effect of energy consumption time distribution, sine and cosine functions are used to characterize the nonlinear impact of water consumption and electronic equipment use, and a natural logarithm function is used to reflect the diminishing marginal effect of food consumption. This constructs a comprehensive evaluation system covering all elements of "energy consumption - water consumption - user behavior." At the same time, relying on the BIM model, parameters such as equipment energy efficiency and load density are directly extracted from the IFC energy equipment entities, ensuring the accuracy of energy consumption data. Furthermore, it is adapted to the characteristics of long building operation cycles and complex influencing factors, enabling dynamic prediction of carbon emissions over decades of building operation. This provides a long-term decision-making basis for energy-saving renovations, equipment upgrades, and operational management optimization. For example, the model can predict the increase in carbon emissions caused by equipment aging, guiding operating units to formulate equipment maintenance and upgrade plans in advance. At the same time, by incorporating user behavior into carbon emission accounting, the carbon emission differences of different usage habits can be quantified, providing data support for building users to formulate low-carbon usage guidelines and achieving comprehensive carbon emission control during the operation phase.

[0047] Preferably, the carbon emission calculation model for the dismantling and disposal phase is expressed as follows: Specifically, carbon emissions during the building demolition and disposal phase mainly come from activities such as energy consumption of demolition equipment, handling and transportation of demolition materials, and the calculation formula is as follows: (10) (11) (12) In the formula: This refers to the total carbon emissions during the building demolition phase (kgCO2e). Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) generated from the use of dismantled equipment. The number of hours (in hours) used by the vth dismantling device; Number the equipment to be dismantled; This represents the total number of equipment dismantled. The number of hours the vth dismantling device was used. For the first Rated power (kW) of the dismantling equipment; The carbon emission factor (kgCO2e / kWh) of the vth dismantled equipment. For the first The additional energy consumption coefficient caused by the disturbance to the surrounding environment during the dismantling process of the dismantling equipment; Assign a category number to the demolition waste; This represents the total number of categories of demolished waste. The amount of demolition waste generated (in tons) of type w. The unit carbon emission factor (kgCO2e / ton) of the w-type demolition waste; The recycling rate of the wth type of demolition waste; The transportation distance (in kilometers) from the demolition waste of category w to the treatment site; The amount of demolition waste generated is for category w. This is the baseline amount of waste generated during demolition.

[0048] Specifically, during the dismantling and disposal phase, formulas (10) to (11) are used to incorporate the additional energy consumption caused by the environmental disturbance of the dismantling equipment (described by a square root function) and the nonlinear relationship of waste disposal volume (using a natural logarithmic function) into the calculation. Finally, the results of each stage are summarized to generate the total carbon emissions for the entire life cycle, and the results are compared and analyzed with those of traditional methods, highlighting the significant advantages of this invention in terms of calculation accuracy, process traceability, and nonlinear dynamic characterization.

[0049] Specifically, by extracting the IfcConstructionEquipmentResource entity from the IFC model, the UsageRatio or UtilizationFactor attribute is obtained. This is then directly obtained from the NominalPower attribute of IfcConstructionEquipmentResource, or by matching it with the predefined equipment type power database in IfcTypeObject. Based on the FuelType or EnergySource attribute (such as diesel or electric) of the equipment in the IFC, the corresponding kgCO2e / kWh value is obtained by associating with an external carbon emission factor database.

[0050] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the carbon emissions during the demolition and disposal phase are calculated as follows:

[0051] The carbon emission assessment of the building demolition and disposal stage in this embodiment makes up for the shortcomings of traditional methods in the rough and inadequate calculation of demolition carbon emissions. It breaks down demolition carbon emissions into two parts: energy consumption of demolition equipment and disposal of demolition waste. It introduces nonlinear functions to achieve refined quantification: the square root function is used to characterize the nonlinear impact of equipment usage time on the additional energy consumption of environmental disturbance, and the natural logarithm function is used to reflect the scale-reducing effect of carbon emissions from waste disposal. At the same time, the waste recycling rate and transportation distance are included in the model, realizing the carbon emission calculation of the entire process of demolition waste "generation-recycling-transportation-disposal". In addition, the demolition equipment parameters are extracted from the IFC construction equipment resource entity based on the BIM model, ensuring data consistency with the construction and transportation stages and realizing a closed loop of full life cycle data. Furthermore, it is adapted to the diverse construction methods and complex waste disposal characteristics of the building demolition stage, and can accurately calculate the carbon emission differences of different demolition methods, providing a basis for selecting low-carbon demolition solutions. For example, the model can quantify the carbon emission difference between blasting demolition and mechanical demolition, guiding projects to choose low-carbon demolition methods. At the same time, it can quantify the carbon emission reduction effect of waste recycling rate, promote the resource utilization of demolition waste, and realize a low-carbon closed loop of "demolition-recycling-reuse", which meets the needs of circular economy development in the construction industry.

[0052] Specifically, the results of the novel BIM-based carbon emission assessment will be compared with those of traditional methods to verify the advantages of this embodiment in terms of data accuracy, process traceability, analytical granularity, and decision support during the carbon emission calculation process: In the building design and transportation phases, traditional methods primarily rely on carbon emission factors related to transportation distance and mode of transport, assuming a simple linear relationship between carbon emissions and transportation distance. By introducing a traffic congestion coefficient (Ctraffic,j) and nonlinear effects—that is, traffic congestion leads to vehicle idling or low-speed driving, increasing fuel consumption and carbon emissions—this embodiment uses an arctangent function to consider the impact of traffic congestion on carbon emissions, reflecting the nonlinear relationship between congestion level and carbon emissions. The higher the congestion level, the faster carbon emissions increase, which better reflects the changes in carbon emissions under actual traffic conditions. Furthermore, it employs a comprehensive transportation load utilization rate, which affects the carbon emissions per unit weight of building materials transported. The carbon emission calculation model for the building design and transportation phases, through the comprehensive transportation load utilization rate, more accurately calculates carbon emissions under different transportation load conditions, avoiding the calculation errors caused by the assumption of a fixed load utilization rate in traditional methods.

[0053] Traditional methods for calculating carbon emissions during the construction phase primarily focus on the direct energy consumption of construction equipment and the direct loss of materials. Innovative methods dynamically consider the impact of equipment idle operation, meaning that construction equipment consumes energy even when not in operation. This embodiment introduces an exponential function to account for the dynamic impact of equipment usage time on idle operation energy consumption, reflecting the nonlinear characteristic that carbon emissions increase with longer equipment usage time, thus making the calculation more comprehensive. Furthermore, the nonlinear relationship between material spillage and loss is addressed: a square root function is introduced to represent the impact of material spillage on carbon emissions, reflecting the nonlinear relationship that the impact of spillage on carbon emissions gradually weakens as the amount of materials purchased increases, which better reflects the actual situation of material management on construction sites. Finally, refined calculations for waste treatment are implemented, using a natural logarithm function to consider the impact of waste generation on treatment carbon emissions, demonstrating that as waste generation increases, the growth of treatment carbon emissions gradually slows down, making the carbon emission calculation for the waste treatment phase more precise.

[0054] During the operation and maintenance phase, traditional methods typically estimate carbon emissions based on fixed energy consumption data, rarely considering the changes in equipment performance over time and the dynamic impact of user behavior. This embodiment employs: a nonlinear decay function for equipment aging: based on the fact that the performance of refrigeration / heating equipment degrades with the building's age, the carbon emission calculation model for the operation and maintenance phase introduces exponential and linear decay functions to accurately characterize the equipment aging process and its nonlinear impact on carbon emissions, making long-term carbon emission predictions more accurate. Based on the asymptotic effect of energy consumption time distribution: the carbon emission calculation model for the operation and maintenance phase uses an arctangent function to consider the impact of energy consumption time distribution on carbon emissions, reflecting the asymptotic effect of time distribution differences on carbon emissions. That is, when the time distribution difference reaches a certain level, the increase in carbon emissions gradually slows down, which is more in line with the actual energy system regulation patterns. Based on the nonlinear impact of water consumption and electronic equipment usage time: the carbon emission calculation model for the operation and maintenance phase introduces a sine function to adjust the impact of water consumption on leakage carbon emissions, and a cosine function to describe the nonlinear change characteristics of electronic equipment usage time on carbon emissions, making the relevant carbon emission calculations more consistent with actual usage conditions. Based on the logarithmic effect of food consumption: The carbon emission calculation model in the operation and maintenance phase introduces the natural logarithmic function to reflect the impact of food consumption on carbon emissions. This reflects the law that as food consumption increases, its contribution to carbon emissions gradually weakens, making the calculation of carbon emissions related to user behavior more reasonable.

[0055] In the dismantling and disposal phase, traditional methods for calculating carbon emissions during this stage are rather coarse, mainly focusing on the direct energy consumption of dismantling equipment and simple waste treatment methods. In this embodiment, regarding the dynamic impact of environmental disturbances on dismantling equipment: the carbon emission calculation model for the dismantling and disposal phase introduces a square root function to consider the additional energy consumption caused by environmental disturbances due to equipment usage time. This reflects the nonlinear characteristic that the longer the equipment is used, the greater the impact of environmental disturbances on carbon emissions, making the carbon emission calculation for dismantling equipment more comprehensive. Regarding the refined and nonlinear relationship of waste treatment: the carbon emission calculation model for the dismantling and disposal phase uses a natural logarithm function to describe the impact of dismantling waste generation on treatment carbon emissions. This reflects the pattern that as waste generation increases, the growth of treatment carbon emissions gradually slows down, making the carbon emission calculation for the dismantling waste treatment phase more refined and avoiding the calculation errors caused by assuming a fixed treatment carbon emission factor in traditional methods.

[0056] Table 1 shows a comparison of carbon emissions calculated by the method of this embodiment and the traditional method for each stage of the building's carbon emission life cycle. According to the data in the table, the carbon emissions calculated by the method proposed in this embodiment are higher than those calculated by the traditional method in the building transportation, construction, operation, and demolition stages. Specifically, the carbon emissions for the transportation stage increase from 4000 to 5012.3, for the construction stage from 5990 to 6235.7, for the operation stage from 100020.4 to 156800.9, and for the demolition stage from 8000.7 to 13560.4.

[0057] The above differences indicate that traditional methods do not adequately consider various practical influencing factors in the carbon emission accounting process, resulting in a certain degree of underestimation. In contrast, the method in this embodiment introduces factors such as traffic congestion coefficient, material loss rate, equipment performance degradation coefficient, and environmental interference coefficient into the calculation model at each stage, providing a more refined and multi-dimensional model of the carbon emission process throughout the building's entire life cycle.

[0058] Therefore, as can be seen from the data in the table, the method of this embodiment can more comprehensively reflect the actual situation of building carbon emissions, improve the accuracy and reliability of carbon emission accounting results, and avoid the problem of systematic underestimation caused by the lack of key influencing factors, thereby providing more scientific data support for building carbon emission management, energy-saving optimization and decision analysis.

[0059] Table 1 shows the comparison data of carbon emissions calculated in this embodiment and the traditional method.

[0060] In this embodiment, to more accurately calculate and manage carbon emissions, the system boundaries are first defined to ensure that all relevant emission sources are considered. First, a precise BIM building model is constructed based on the detailed layout of the construction drawings. After data conversion using the IFC standard format, the BIMvision3 platform enables 3D visualization of building components and interactive querying of attribute information, supporting batch extraction and structured storage of component-level data. Based on life cycle assessment theory, a novel carbon emission calculation model covering the entire process of building material transportation, construction, operation and maintenance, and demolition and recycling is constructed. Compared to traditional methods, this embodiment shows significant improvements in data correlation, process traceability, and calculation accuracy.

[0061] This embodiment utilizes BIM technology for 3D information modeling, data integration management, collaborative work platform, and dynamic simulation analysis to construct digital assets for building carbon emissions, enabling precise quantification, visualization analysis, and intelligent decision-making of carbon emissions throughout the entire process from building transportation, construction, operation to demolition.

[0062] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for digitally calculating building carbon emissions based on the IFC data standard, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Based on BIM modeling software, construct a BIM model of the entire life cycle of building carbon emissions to obtain carbon emission-related data of building components throughout the entire life cycle of building carbon emissions; The entire lifecycle of building carbon emissions includes the building design and transportation phase, the building construction phase, the operation and maintenance phase, and the demolition and disposal phase; S2: Establish carbon emission calculation models for the building transportation phase, building construction phase, operation and maintenance phase, and demolition and disposal phase. Based on the relevant carbon emission data for the building transportation phase, building construction phase, operation and maintenance phase, and demolition and disposal phase, respectively, obtain the carbon emission amounts for each phase, and then obtain the total carbon emission amount for the entire life cycle of the building.

2. The method for digitally calculating building carbon emissions based on the IFC data standard according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon emission calculation model for the construction and transportation phase is expressed as follows: （1） In the formula: This represents the total carbon emissions during the building materials transportation phase (kgCO2e). For building materials, the batch number is used. This represents the total number of batches of building materials. For the first The transport weight of building materials; For the first Transportation distance for bulk building materials; For the first Carbon emission factor per unit weight per kilometer of the transportation method used for building materials; For the first Load utilization rate coefficient during the transportation of building materials; For the first Carbon emission factors of auxiliary equipment during the transportation of building materials; For the first Traffic congestion coefficient of batch building material transportation routes.

3. The method for digitally calculating building carbon emissions based on the IFC data standard according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon emission calculation model for the building construction phase is represented as follows: （2） in, （3） （4） （5） In the formula: This refers to the total carbon emissions during the building construction phase. Carbon emissions generated from the use of construction equipment; Number the construction equipment; This refers to the total number of construction equipment. For the first k The number of hours of use of each construction equipment; For the first Rated power of the construction equipment; For the first Carbon emission factors of construction equipment; For the first Utilization rate coefficient of construction equipment; For the first The no-load operation coefficient of the construction equipment; Based on usage hours; For the first k The number of hours of use of each construction equipment; Carbon emissions from material losses during construction; Number the types of construction materials; This represents the total number of types of construction materials. For the first The procurement volume of various construction materials; For the first Unit loss rate of various construction materials; For the first Carbon emission factors of various construction materials; For the first The on-site spillage rate of various construction materials; This refers to the total amount of construction materials procured. Carbon emissions from construction waste disposal; Classify construction waste by type; This represents the total number of construction waste categories; For the first The amount of construction waste generated; For the first Carbon emission factor per unit of construction waste; For the first The recycling rate of construction waste; For the first Transportation distance (in kilometers) from construction waste to the treatment site; For the first Carbon emission factor per unit during the transportation and disposal of construction waste.

4. The method for digitally calculating building carbon emissions based on the IFC data standard according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon emission calculation model for the operation and maintenance phase is expressed as follows: （6） （7） （8） （9） In the formula: This refers to the total carbon emissions during the building's usage phase. Carbon emissions from energy consumption during building use; The building area; Service life; Carbon emission factors for the use of regional electricity; The average annual electricity load density per unit building area; Let be the carbon emission factor for the t-th heating method; Annual heating load density per unit building area; Let be the energy efficiency of the t-th heating system; The building's age in years; This refers to the time constant of the heating system's performance degradation. Number the refrigeration method; This represents the total number of refrigeration methods. For the first Carbon emission factors of various refrigeration methods; The annual cooling load density per unit building area; For the first Energy efficiency of the refrigeration system; This refers to the performance degradation cycle of the refrigeration system. Pi is the constant. The time distribution coefficient of energy consumption; Carbon emissions from water consumption during building use; This refers to the annual water consumption. Carbon emission factors for water treatment and supply; This is the temperature-to-water ratio coefficient. The leakage rate of the water supply system; This represents the maximum water consumption. Carbon emissions generated from activities related to building users; This represents the average number of people in the room at any given time. This refers to the average length of stay per year. Carbon emission factor per capita for electronic device use; The percentage of average time spent using electronic devices relative to total time spent in the room; This represents the percentage of maximum electronic device usage time. Carbon emission factor per capita for food consumption; The proportion of per capita food consumption to standard consumption; This is the baseline food consumption.

5. The method for digitally calculating building carbon emissions based on the IFC data standard according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon emission calculation model for the demolition and disposal phase is as follows: （10） （11） （12） In the formula: This refers to the total carbon emissions during the building demolition phase. Carbon emissions generated from the dismantling and use of equipment; The number of hours the vth dismantling device was used. Number the equipment to be dismantled; This represents the total number of equipment dismantled. The number of hours the vth dismantling device was used. For the first Rated power of the dismantling equipment; The carbon emission factor of the vth dismantled piece of equipment; H dem,v For the first Utilization rate coefficient of the dismantling equipment; For the first The additional energy consumption coefficient caused by the disturbance to the surrounding environment during the dismantling process of the dismantling equipment; Carbon emissions from the disposal of demolished waste; Assign a category number to the demolition waste; This represents the total number of categories of demolished waste. The amount of demolition waste generated is for category w. The unit carbon emission factor of the w-th type of demolition waste; The recycling rate of the wth type of demolition waste; The transportation distance from the w-th type of demolition waste to the treatment site; The amount of demolition waste generated is for category w. This is the baseline amount of waste generated during demolition.

6. The method for digitally calculating building carbon emissions based on the IFC data standard according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon emission data related to the building transportation phase include: the transport weight of building materials, the transport distance of building materials, the carbon emission factor per unit weight per kilometer of the transport mode used for building materials, the load utilization rate coefficient during the transport of building materials, the carbon emission factor of auxiliary equipment during the transport of building materials, and the traffic congestion coefficient of the transport route for building materials.

7. The method for digitally calculating building carbon emissions based on the IFC data standard according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon emission data related to the construction phase include: the number of hours of use of construction equipment, the rated power of construction equipment, the carbon emission factor of construction equipment, the utilization rate coefficient of construction equipment, the no-load operation coefficient of construction equipment, the carbon emissions generated by material loss during construction, the amount of construction materials purchased, the unit loss rate of construction materials, the carbon emission factor of construction materials, the on-site spillage rate of construction materials, the unit carbon emission factor of construction waste, the recycling rate of construction waste, the transportation distance of construction waste to the treatment site, and the unit carbon emission factor during the transportation and treatment of construction waste.

8. The method for digitally calculating building carbon emissions based on the IFC data standard according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon emission data related to the operation and maintenance phase include: carbon emissions from energy consumption during building use, carbon emission factors of electricity in the area, average annual electricity load density per unit building area, carbon emission factors of heating methods, annual heating load density per unit building area, energy efficiency of heating systems, carbon emission factors of cooling methods, annual cooling load density per unit building area, energy efficiency of cooling systems, performance degradation cycle of cooling systems, time distribution coefficient of energy consumption, carbon emission factors of water treatment and supply, temperature water ratio coefficient of water use, leakage rate of water supply systems, carbon emissions generated by building user-related activities, carbon emission factors of per capita electronic equipment use, carbon emission factors of per capita food consumption, and the proportion of per capita food consumption to standard consumption.

9. The method for digitally calculating building carbon emissions based on the IFC data standard according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon emission data related to the dismantling and disposal phase includes: the rated power of the dismantling equipment, the carbon emission factor of the dismantling equipment, the utilization rate coefficient of the dismantling equipment, the additional energy consumption coefficient caused by the disturbance to the surrounding environment during the dismantling process, the carbon emissions generated from the treatment of dismantling waste, the amount of dismantling waste generated, the unit carbon emission factor of dismantling waste, the recycling rate of dismantling waste, and the transportation distance of dismantling waste to the treatment site.

10. A method for digitally calculating building carbon emissions based on the IFC data standard according to claim 1, characterized in that, Building a BIM model of a building's carbon emissions throughout its entire lifecycle includes: S101: Based on the BIM component library and family file system, determine the name, type and parameter configuration of families in Revit according to the building materials required throughout the entire life cycle of building carbon emissions; S102: Configure thermal parameters, carbon emission factors and color codes for different building materials in the BIM model to establish a material-carbon emission mapping relationship and complete the establishment of the BIM model; S103: Export the IFC file for the entire life cycle of building carbon emissions based on the BIM model using the IFC export function of the BIM software; S105: Open BIMvision3, load the IFC file via File→Open, and wait for the model parsing to complete; S106: Based on the BIM color scheme system, the material color is visualized through "View→Coloring→By Material" to verify and display the material properties and their associated carbon emission factor information in the BIM model, thereby verifying whether the BIM model contains complete carbon emission analysis data.

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