Systems and methods for processing and disposing of fluorinated materials

Abstract

Systems and methods are provided for treating, degrading, and incinerating fluorocarbons or fluorinated materials, such as Freon ® with reduced gaseous perfluorinated compound (PFC) emissions. The methods include mixing a fluorinated material with a hydroxide base and optionally a solvent system (e.g., diglyme, polyether, polyether alcohol, polyethylene glycol selected from ethylene glycol and PEG 50 to PEG 3350, N-methyl pyrrolidine, dihydrolevogluton, and / or water ("solvent")) in a batch reactor to form a reaction mixture (also referred to as a suspension). The reaction mixture is heated to a temperature in the range of about 25 °C to about 400 °C for about 0.5 hours to about 240 hours to defluorinate the fluorinated material and produce a defluorinated waste product. More specifically, the methods convert organic fluorine present in the fluorinated material, such as Freon ® to inorganic fluorides. As a result, the defluorinated waste product can be incinerated with reduced harmful gaseous PFC emissions.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This PCT patent application claims the benefit and priority of U.S. non-provisional application serial number 18 / 888,440, filed September 18, 2024; U.S. provisional patent application serial number 63 / 544,544, filed October 17, 2023; U.S. provisional patent application serial number 63 / 602,736, filed November 27, 2023; U.S. provisional patent application serial number 63 / 555113, filed February 9, 2024; and U.S. provisional patent application serial number 63 / 655,844, filed June 4, 2024, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] Provides methods for handling and disposing of fluorinated materials (e.g., Freon) ® Methods for processing or disposing of fluorinated materials, or other products containing fluorocarbons or halocarbons, are also provided. Systems for handling and disposing of fluorinated materials are also provided. Background Technology

[0004] Fluorinated materials typically include fluorocarbons or chlorofluorocarbons. Fluorinated materials can refer to a single chlorofluorinated compound (CFC), a single perfluorinated or polyfluorinated compound, or a mixture of several CFCs. These materials are stable, non-flammable, and low-toxicity gases or liquids, and are commonly used as refrigerants and aerosol propellants. In particular, chlorofluorocarbons have been used as refrigerants, fire extinguishing agents, local anesthetics, aerosol propellants, foaming agents, chemical intermediates, and heat transfer media. The potential toxicity of chlorofluorocarbons to humans is low, although irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract has been observed after exposure. Direct contact with chlorofluorocarbons may cause frostbite. However, chronic toxicity has not been observed in humans or laboratory animals. Some fluorinated materials, such as chlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons, contribute to ozone depletion and exacerbate global warming (1). Specifically, Freon is known to contribute to ozone depletion and exacerbate global warming. ® A trademark name for a series of chemically synthesized refrigerant compounds containing chlorine and fluorine (2), which exacerbates ozone depletion. No ecotoxicological data are available for chlorofluorocarbons. (3)(4)

[0005] It is generally accepted that, until the 1930s, non-toxic and non-flammable refrigerants such as Freon were not widely available. ®Other chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have been commercialized in the manufacture of chlorofluoro derivatives of methane and ethane. Since then, research on the synthesis and applications of CFCs has progressed in many areas, such as aerosols, foaming agents for foam manufacturing, fire extinguishers, cleaning solvents, and refrigerants. Due to potential environmental and health impacts, such as ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect, international agreements have reduced the use of CFCs since the late 1980s. Under the treaty known as the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, first adopted in 1987, several interim alternatives to CFCs were developed in the 1990s, namely, partially or fully fluorinated or partially chlorofluorocarbons and alkenes, including hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), and hydrochlorofluoroolefins (HCFOs). (5) (6)

[0006] It is known to possess atmospheric lifetime, ozone depletion potential (ODP), and global warming potential. Some common CFCs with atmospheric lifetime potential (GWP) include trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), chlorotrifluorocarbon (CFC-13), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane (CFC-112), 2,2-difluorotetrachloroethane (CFC-112a), 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113a), 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114), 1,1-dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114a), chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115), and 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (R-316c). The atmospheric lifetimes of CFCs vary. CFC-11 has the shortest lifetime and the lowest GWP. (7) (8)

[0007] The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) CompTox database has identified over 9,000 highly fluorinated substances with Chemical Abstracts Service (CASS) numbers available globally, mostly fluorinated polymers and fluorinated surfactants (9). These substances also exacerbate ozone depletion and global warming. Methods and systems are needed to reduce the undesirable effects of fluorinated materials. Summary of the Invention

[0008] One aspect of this disclosure provides a method for treating fluorinated materials. The method includes the step of heating the fluorinated material and a hydroxide base in a batch reactor at a temperature ranging from about 25°C to about 400°C for a duration of about 0.5 hours to about 240 hours to produce defluorinated waste products.

[0009] Another aspect of this disclosure provides a method for disposing of fluorinated materials, comprising the steps of: treating the fluorinated materials by heating the fluorinated materials and a hydroxide base in a batch reactor at a temperature ranging from about 25°C to about 400°C for a duration of about 0.5 hours to about 240 hours to produce defluorination waste products; and incinerating the defluorination waste products.

[0010] Another aspect of this disclosure provides a system for treating fluorinated materials. The system includes a batch reactor for heating the fluorinated material and a hydroxide base at a temperature ranging from about 25°C to about 400°C for a duration of about 0.5 hours to about 240 hours to produce defluorinated waste products.

[0011] Another aspect of this disclosure provides a system for disposing of fluorinated materials, comprising a batch reactor for heating the fluorinated material and a hydroxide base at a temperature ranging from about 25°C to about 400°C for a duration of about 0.5 hours to about 240 hours to produce defluorinated waste products. The system also includes an incineration unit for incinerating the defluorinated waste products. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Other advantages of the invention will become readily apparent when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and by referring to the following detailed description, in which:

[0013] Figure 1 An example embodiment is shown for enabling Freon ® A batch system for defluorinating fluorocarbons present in the environment and generating defluorination waste products. The following reactions occur in this exemplary batch system: . Detailed Implementation

[0014] The materials, compounds, compositions, and methods described herein can be more readily understood by referring to the following detailed description of the specific aspects of the disclosed subject matter and the examples included therein.

[0015] Before disclosing and describing the materials, compounds, compositions, and methods of the present invention, it should be understood that the aspects described below are not limited to specific methods with specific reagents, as these can certainly vary. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for descriptive purposes only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0016] Furthermore, numerous publications have been referenced throughout this specification. The disclosures of these publications are incorporated herein by reference to provide a more comprehensive description of the prior art in the field to which the disclosed subject matter pertains.

[0017] In this specification and the appended claims, several terms will be referred to that should be defined as having the following meanings:

[0018] Throughout the specification and claims, the word “comprise” and other forms of the word (e.g., “comprising” and “comprises”) mean, but are not limited to, and are not intended to exclude, for example, other additives, solvents, bases, components, integers, or steps. As used herein, the singular form includes the plural referent unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, for example, a reference to “composition” includes a mixture of two or more such compositions. “Optional” or “optionally” means that the event or condition described subsequently may or may not occur, and the description includes both cases in which the event or condition occurs and cases in which the event or condition does not occur. While the numerical ranges and parameters that set forth the broad scope of this disclosure are approximate, the numerical values ​​set forth in specific instances are reported as precisely as possible. However, any numerical value inherently includes a certain degree of error that is necessarily caused by the standard deviation present in their respective test measurements.

[0019] Furthermore, when describing numerical ranges of different ranges herein, it is conceivable that any combination of these values, including the stated value, may be used. Additionally, a range herein may be expressed as "about" a particular value, and / or "about" another particular value. When such a range is expressed, the other aspect includes from one particular value and / or to another particular value. Similarly, when a numerical value is expressed as an approximation using the antecedent "about," it should be understood that the stated particular value forms another aspect. It should also be understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are meaningful both in relation to and independent of the other endpoint. Unless otherwise stated, the term "about" means within 5% (e.g., within 2% or 1%) of the particular value modified by the term "about."

[0020] As used herein, the term "composition" is intended to cover products containing a specific amount of a specific ingredient, and any product directly or indirectly produced from a combination of specific amounts of the specific ingredients. Unless otherwise stated, parts are by weight, temperature is in °C or ambient temperature, and pressure is atm or near atm. References to a specific element or component in the composition by weight in the specification and concluding claims indicate a weight relationship, expressed in parts by weight, between that element or component and any other element or component in the composition or article. Thus, in a mixture containing 2 parts by weight of component X and 5 parts by weight of component Y, X and Y are present in a 2:5 weight ratio and in such a ratio regardless of whether the mixture contains any other components. Unless expressly stated to the contrary, the weight percentage (wt%) of a component is based on the total weight of the formulation or composition containing that component. As used herein, the term "substitute" is contemplated to include all permissible substitutes for inorganic base compounds.

[0021] Those skilled in the art will understand that compounds of Formula I are examples of inorganic base analogs. As used herein, “an analog of potassium hydroxide” or “several analogs of potassium hydroxide” is not limited to those analog compounds represented by Formula I, and may include numerous additions or substitutions of elements, groups or portions of the chemical structure of potassium hydroxide.

[0022] ,

[0023] Where x is the number of hydroxyl units according to the valence of M; and

[0024] M is selected from the alkali metal group or the alkaline earth metal group.

[0025] The examples disclosed herein illustrate systems, methods, and related results based on the disclosed subject matter. These examples are not intended to encompass all aspects of the subject matter disclosed herein, but rather to illustrate representative methods and results. These examples are not intended to exclude equivalents and variations of the invention that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0026] One aspect of this disclosure relates to the use of Freon ®Compositions and methods for defluorinating fluorinated materials, thereby producing inorganic fluorides in the form of salts. Furthermore, it relates to methods for reducing gaseous perfluorinated compound (PFC) emissions during the heat treatment of fluorinated materials. In a specific aspect, the disclosed subject matter relates to the selection of materials for greener processes. This disclosure also relates to methods for adding solvents or solvent systems to fluorinated materials and applying several heating temperatures during degradation. More specifically, the subject matter disclosed herein relates to systems and methods that can be used to reduce gaseous perfluorinated compound (PFC) emissions during the heat treatment of fluorinated materials. Certain embodiments of the invention provide compositions comprising at least one solvent system and a strong base for defluorinating fluorinated materials in a batch reactor.

[0027] Exemplary hydroxide bases include potassium hydroxide (KOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), cesium hydroxide (CsOH), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2), and / or sodium hydroxide (NaOH). At least one solvent system may contain a single solvent or multiple solvents. Exemplary solvents that may be used in the solvent system include diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polyethers, polyether alcohols, polyethylene glycol selected from ethylene glycol and PEG50 to PEG3350, N-methylpyrrolidine, cyrene, and / or water (“solvent”). An exemplary solvent is polyethylene glycol ether 200. In a batch reactor, water may also be present alone or optionally as a co-solvent. Some of these solvents may already be present in Freon. ® In suspension compositions.

[0028] The following reaction scheme I occurs in a batch reactor.

[0029]

[0030] Reaction Scheme I

[0031] in;

[0032] n represents the degradation of Freon. ® The minimum molar equivalent number of organic fluorine in it;

[0033] M includes potassium, sodium, cesium, lithium, strontium, or calcium;

[0034] q is by Freon ® The maximum molar equivalent number produced by the degradation of organofluorine in the solution;

[0035] x represents the number of hydroxyl (OH) and fluorine (F) units according to the valence of M; and

[0036] Y includes at least one solvent system, such as diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polyether, polyether alcohol, polyethylene glycol selected from ethylene glycol and PEG50 to PEG3350, N-methylpyrrolidine, dihydrol-L-glucanone and / or water (“solvent”).

[0037] In another embodiment, according to reaction scheme II, the above composition does not include an added solvent system.

[0038]

[0039] Reaction Scheme II

[0040] in;

[0041] n represents the degradation of Freon. ® The minimum molar equivalent number of organic fluorine in it;

[0042] M includes potassium, sodium, cesium, lithium, strontium, or calcium;

[0043] q is by Freon ® The maximum molar equivalent number produced by the degradation of organofluorine compounds; and

[0044] x represents the number of hydroxyl (OH) and fluorine (F) units according to the valence M.

[0045] With or without a solvent system, one or more Freon ® Placed in an intermittent system containing a strong hydroxide base to allow Freon to... ® Fluorocarbons that exist alone or in mixtures are defluorinated, forming defluorination waste products (such as fluorine-free organic salts).

[0046] According to an exemplary embodiment, a mixture of two base hydroxides in a ratio of about 1:99 wt / wt% to about 99:1 wt / wt% is fed into a batch reactor together with a fluorinating material. According to another embodiment, a mixture of two base hydroxides in a ratio of about 25:75 wt / wt% to about 75:25 wt / wt% is fed into a batch reactor together with a fluorinating material. According to yet another embodiment, a mixture of two base hydroxides in a ratio of about 50:50 wt / wt% is fed into a batch reactor together with a fluorinating material.

[0047] According to an exemplary embodiment, the reaction time of the components in the batch reactor is allowed to be from about 0.5 hours to about 240 hours. According to another embodiment, the reaction time of the components in the batch reactor is allowed to be from about 3 hours to about 120 hours. According to another embodiment, the reaction time of the components in the batch reactor is allowed to be from about 4 hours to about 60 hours. According to another embodiment, the reaction time of the components in the batch reactor is allowed to be from about 4 hours to about 24 hours. According to another embodiment, the reaction time of the components in the batch reactor is allowed to be from about 4 hours to about 10 hours. According to another embodiment, the reaction time of the components in the batch reactor is allowed to be from about 4 hours. According to another embodiment, the reaction time of the components in the batch reactor is allowed to be from about 8 hours. According to another embodiment, the heating temperature of the solution in the batch reactor is from about 25°C to about 300°C. According to another embodiment, the heating temperature of the solution is from about 100°C to about 300°C. According to another embodiment, the heating temperature of the solution is from about 100°C to about 200°C. According to another embodiment, the heating temperature is from about 150°C to about 200°C. According to another embodiment, the heating temperature is about 180°C.

[0048] According to one exemplary embodiment, the base hydroxide is potassium hydroxide, the heating temperature is about 180°C, and the reaction time is about 4 hours, without adding a solvent system. According to another embodiment, the base hydroxide is potassium hydroxide, the heating temperature is about 180°C, and the reaction time is about 8 hours, without adding a solvent system.

[0049] Figure 1 An example embodiment is shown for enabling Freon ® The defluorination of fluorocarbons present in the system, particularly in an intermittent system that produces defluorination waste products.

[0050] As stated above, the disclosures in this document illustrate the methods for disposing of Freon. ® Systems and methods that reduce emissions of gaseous PFCs (e.g., CF4 and C2F6). Various types of Freon can be treated using intermittent systems. ® For example, Freon-113. While the systems and methods described are generally applied to Freon... ® And while discussed throughout this disclosure, the systems and methods described can be used to dispose of any type of fluorocarbon or fluorinated material. The systems and methods break the carbon-fluorine bond and neutralize fluorine. ® Organic fluorine present in other fluorinated materials is converted into inorganic fluorides.

[0051] When Freon ® When used as a fluorinated material, Freon is usually used. ®The Freon reactor is kept in a batch reactor at a temperature within the room temperature range for several days to several weeks, or at a temperature of 100°C to 200°C for at least 2 hours (e.g., 3 to 5 hours, or up to 8 hours) to allow the Freon to... ® Defluorination produces defluorination waste containing inorganic fluorides. Some types of Freon... ® Higher temperatures and longer durations in the reactor may be required, such as temperatures up to, but not limited to, 300°C. According to other embodiments, the temperature of the batch system can be below 100°C, such as room temperature or 50°C to 100°C. When the temperature of the batch system is low, Freon... ® The process of defluorination and the generation of defluorination waste products containing inorganic fluorides takes a long time.

[0052] The resulting defluorination waste products may include the solvent system used in the reactor, fluorine-free organic salts, and inorganic fluorides. The composition of the inorganic fluorides (i.e., potassium fluoride, sodium fluoride, lithium fluoride, and / or calcium fluoride, or combinations thereof) depends on the hydroxide base or hydroxide base mixture used in the batch system.

[0053] After defluorination in a batch reactor, the defluorination waste products can be thermally treated (e.g., incinerated), resulting in reduced emissions of harmful gaseous PFCs.

[0054] Based on a specific example, Freon ® It is added to a batch reactor along with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). PEG is preferably composed of a molar mass of 190 g / mol to 210 g / mol and H-(O-CH2CH2). n PEG200 with the chemical formula -OH (where n = 8.2 to 9.1). PEG200 is thought to be optionally replaced by diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polyether, polyether alcohol, polyethylene glycol selected from ethylene glycol and PEG50 to PEG3350, N-methylpyrrolidine, dihydrol-glucanone, and / or water (“solvent”), or optionally without solvent, and KOH can be replaced by additional hydroxide bases including, but not limited to, potassium, sodium, calcium, lithium, or cesium, or optionally mixtures thereof. According to this example, Freon... ® The batch system reacts at ambient pressure and a temperature of 180°C to 200°C for approximately 4 hours. The resulting defluorination waste products include potassium fluoride (KF), PEG200, unreacted excess potassium hydroxide (KOH), and a mixture of its fluorine-free organic salts. The chemical reactions occurring in the batch system include:

[0055]

[0056] After the intermittent process, the defluorination waste products can be thermally treated (e.g., by incineration) with reduced emissions of harmful gaseous PFCs (e.g., CF4 and C2F6).

[0057] Prior to incineration, some components present in the defluorination waste can be recovered or removed and disposed of without thermal treatment. For example, according to one embodiment, PEG200 is removed and recovered from the defluorination waste.

[0058] The recycled PEG200 can be used in future intermittent systems.

[0059] Experimental - General procedure for defluorination reaction.

[0060] Freon ® The reaction mixture was treated with a hydroxide base (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or calcium hydroxide, or combinations thereof in various ratios) in pure form or in the presence of a solvent system at various ratios at 150°C to 200°C for 4 hours. The solvent system included diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polyether, polyether alcohol, polyethylene glycol selected from ethylene glycol and PEG50 to PEG3350, N-methylpyrrolidine, dihydro-L-glucanone, and / or water (“solvent”). The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and then quenched by adding deionized water. The reaction materials were analyzed by 19F NMR and LC-MS / MS.

[0061] Representative Example 1. Solvent-assisted.

[0062] In a 40 mL vial with a screw cap, PEG200 (1 equivalent weight, 2 g) was added to pulverized potassium hydroxide granules (1 equivalent weight, 2 g), followed by Freon-113 (1 equivalent weight, 2 g). The vial was immersed in a preheated sand bath (hot plate T: 200°C) and allowed to react for 6 hours. The resulting amber-colored reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Small clumps of particles formed were separated from the reaction mixture by sonication for 15 minutes, followed by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes and decanting. 19 F NMR analysis was performed on both the decantate and the residue. The reaction mixture showed the presence of only inorganic potassium fluoride.

[0063] Representative Example 2. Pure (solvent-free).

[0064] In a 40 mL vial with a screw cap, Freon-113 (1 equivalent weight, 2 g) was added to pulverized potassium hydroxide granules (1 equivalent weight, 2 g). The vial was immersed in a preheated sand bath (hot plate T: 200°C) and allowed to react for 6 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and quenched with deionized water before proceeding with...19 F NMR analysis.

[0065] Small agglomerates were formed, sonicated for 15 minutes, then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes and decanted to separate them from the reaction mixture. 19 F NMR analysis was performed on both the decantate and the residue. The reaction mixture showed the presence of only inorganic potassium fluoride.

[0066] Those skilled in the art will understand that changes can be made to the embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the broad inventive concept. Therefore, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to any particular embodiment disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications as defined in the spirit and scope of the invention by the appended claims.

[0067] Obviously, in view of the above teachings, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible, and can be implemented in a manner different from the specific description while remaining within the scope of the appended disclosure and claims.

[0068] References

[0069]

Claims

1. A method for treating fluorinated materials, comprising the following steps: In a batch reactor, fluorinated materials and hydroxide bases are heated at a temperature ranging from about 25°C to about 400°C for a duration of about 0.5 hours to about 240 hours to produce defluorinated waste products.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxide base comprises at least one of potassium hydroxide (KOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), cesium hydroxide (CsOH), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxide base comprises a mixture of at least two hydroxide bases.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fluorinated material comprises at least one of fluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, and hydrofluorocarbons.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the fluorinated material comprises Freon containing chlorine and fluorine. ® .

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adding a solvent system to the batch reactor and heating the solvent system together with the fluorinated material and the hydroxide base.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the solvent system comprises at least one of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polyether, polyether alcohol, polyethylene glycol selected from ethylene glycol and PEG50 to PEG3350, N-methylpyrrolidine, dihydrol-L-glucanone and / or water ("solvent").

8. The method of claim 1, wherein no solvent is added to the batch reactor.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the duration of the heating step in the batch reactor is in the range of about 4 hours to about 10 hours.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature during the heating step is in the range of about 150°C to about 200°C.

11. A method for disposing of fluorinated materials, Includes the following steps: The method according to claim 1 is used to treat the fluorinated material; and the method is used to incinerate the defluorination waste product.

12. A system for processing fluorinated materials, comprising: A batch reactor is used to heat fluorinated materials and hydroxide bases at a temperature ranging from about 25°C to about 400°C for a duration of about 0.5 hours to about 240 hours to produce defluorinated waste products.

13. The system according to claim 12, wherein the hydroxide base comprises at least one of potassium hydroxide (KOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), cesium hydroxide (CsOH), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

14. The system of claim 12, wherein the fluorinated material comprises at least one of fluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, and hydrofluorocarbons.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the fluorinated material comprises Freon containing chlorine and fluorine. ® .

16. The system of claim 12, further comprising a solvent system in the batch reactor, the solvent system being heated together with the fluorinated material and the hydroxide base.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the solvent system comprises at least one of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polyether, polyether alcohol, polyethylene glycol selected from ethylene glycol and PEG50 to PEG3350, N-methylpyrrolidine, dihydrol-L-glucanone, and / or water.

18. The system of claim 12, wherein the duration of the heating step in the batch reactor is in the range of about 4 hours to about 10 hours.

19. The system of claim 12, wherein the temperature during the heating step is in the range of about 150°C to about 200°C.

20. A system for disposing of fluorinated materials, comprising the batch reactor of claim 12, and further comprising an incineration device for incinerating the defluorination waste products.

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